In the name of love, and since love comes
from the heart, then in the name of heart.
And since our hearts are alive, then in the
name of life, and since life is granted by
Allah, then In the name of Allah, the most
gracious, the most merciful.
And all praise is to Allah.
My name is Mohamed Sherif, Microbiology and
Immunology Dr at Al Azhar Univerity and Sinai
University.
Today we will learn more about Immunology.
I will upload several videos until the syllabus
is over.
Immunology is a very rich science.
If we discussed every single detail, this
is going to be boring.
Whether you are a medical, dentistry or pharmacy
student, you need to know the basics.
Then you can read English textbooks and learn
more about whatever topic you would like to.
Our first topic is concerning the antigen
or immunogen.
There is quite a little difference between
both terms, but they hold the same name.
Antigen is a foreign or harmful body that
enters your body, your body has then to get
rid of it.
If this antigen enters your body, your body
gets rid of it by immune response.
This immune response either involves antibody
formation (humoral immune response) or cellular
(cell mediated 
immune response).
In the cellular, some cells defend the body,
while in the humoral, antibodies do that job.
Such antibodies must be specific, imagine
that is antigen is called Ahmed, then the
antibody must be Anti-Ahmed, it can't be Anti-Ibrahim,
or Ismaeel or Samia.
It must be Anti-Ahmed.
This has a specific antigen.
The cellular immune response has to be specific
as well.
Alright?
Ok.
For the antigen to stimulate an immune response,
certain conditions must apply: 1) Large molecular
weight (protein) 2) Foreign to the body, not
any protein in your body is an antigen, for
example, your kidney, liver and heart are
made of proteins, but since they are not foreign,
they are not antigenic.
But if your kidney, liver or heart were taken
from a donor then they hold foreign proteins
to your body.
So, immune response occurs so that the body
gets rid of them.
3) Complex, lipoprotein is more antigenic
as it is more complex than protein, it is
also more immunogenic.
Those the factors that enable any antigen
to stimulate an immune response.
How does this immune response bind to the
antigen?
Imagine that this antigen is a pyramid, anyone
trying to climb it will slip and fall.
To prevent this, amino acids fold to facilitate
climbing, such folds are called
antigenic determinants or antigenic epitops.
Epitops are antigenic projections in which
immune response, either humoral or cellular,
can get attached to the antigen.
Alright.
