Hi and welcome to Math Antics.
In our last geometry video, 
we learned some important things about angles.
One of the things we
learned was than angles come in different sizes.
Some are big and some are small.
Well in this video, we're gonna learn how
we can tell exactly how big or small an angle is.
We're gonna learn how angles are measured.
You probably already know a lot about measurement,
like you know how to measure how long something is with a ruler or a tape measure.
And the units you'd use would be inches, or centimeters, or something like that, right?
But when it comes to angles, we can't use
a ruler to measure them, or use units like centimeters.
And that's because angles aren't
about length, angles are about rotation.
And to measure how much something is rotated,
we use a special unit called degrees.
Now hold on a second, I thought degrees were used
to measure how hot or cold something is.
Ya know, like, "it's 100 degrees outside today!"
Ah, that's a good point you smart looking
fellow. The word degree is actually used for
a lot of different things, so it can be a
little confusing sometimes.
It makes more sense if you just think of a
degree as a small amount of something. 
For temperature, a degree is a small amount of heat.
But for angles, a degree is a 
small amount of rotation.
And there's a special math symbol for degrees
that we can use instead of writing 
the word 'degrees' over an over again.
It's this little circle that you put after the number
and up near the top.
To see how we use degrees to measure angles,
let's get two rays that point in exactly the 
same direction.
Then, let's put one ray
directly on top of the other one, so it looks
like there is only one ray there,
even though there's really two.
Now, let's take the ray on top and rotate it
just a tiny amount counter-clockwise.
This point on the ray will be our axis
(or center) of rotation.
It is like the point at the center
of a clock that stays stationary
while the hands rotate around it.
Our rays now form an angle that measures 1 degree, and as you can see, 1 degree is a really small angle.
We need to zoom in on
it to see that it really is an angle.
In fact, you might wonder if there could be any angle
smaller than 1 degree.
Yep, there sure are. And we saw one just a
second ago.
Before we rotated our top ray,
when our rays were exactly on top of each other,
that is a zero degree angle.
And there's a whole range of tiny fraction
angles between 0 and 1 degree,
but we aren't going to learn about them in this video.
Instead, we are going to keep on rotating
our top ray and watch the angle get bigger and bigger.
This special readout here will
tell us how many degrees our angle measures.
Now let's start out slow. 1 degree, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, now let's hold it there for a second.
So this is what 10 degrees looks like.
10 degrees?! That's f-f-freezing!
Huh. Guess you're not as smart as I thought
after all.
So we can see that a 10 degree angle is still
a very small angle.
So let's keep going, but a little bit faster this time.
That's 15 degrees, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45.
Now 45 degrees is a special angle because it's exactly half of a right angle.
If we draw a right angle in the same spot, you can see that our ray cuts it into two equal parts.
So, if 45 is half of a right angle, can you
guess how many degrees a right angle is? 
Let's keep on rotating to see if you're right. 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90.
Yep, a right angle is exactly 90 degrees, 
and that is super important to memorize because
right angles are used all the time in geometry.
Okay, do you remember from our last video
that all angles less than a right angle are called
acute angles?
So that means that all
the angles we've seen so far that are between
0 and 90 degrees (like 10, 30, 45, 60 and
so on) are acute angles.
But, if we keep on rotating our ray past
90 degrees,
we'll start forming obtuse angles,
because they are greater than a right angle.
Ready? Here we go. 100 degrees, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170 and 180.
Ah ha, does this look familiar? Yep. It's a straight angle, like we learned about in the last video.
The rays point in exactly
opposite directions
and the angle they form is 180 degrees. 
And that's also a really important
angle measurement to memorize.
Now before we go on, let's quickly review
the important angles and regions we've looked so far.
Our angle measurement is zero degrees when
the rays point in the same direction.
It's 90 degrees when they are perpendicular,
and form a right angle.
And it's 180 degrees when they point in 
opposite directions, and form a straight angle.
In this region (between 90 and 180)
we find obtuse angles.
And in this region (between 0 and 90)
we find acute angles.
One important acute angle is 45 degrees since
it's half of a right angle.
Alright then, let's continue rotating past
180 degrees.
Our angle readout keeps getting higher, and the next important angle we come to is this one, 270 degrees.
It also forms a right angle,
but it points down instead of up.
Let's keep on going because another really
important angle is just around the corner.
And it's coming up right about now!
We've rotated our ray all the way around the axis
and now it's back to where we started.
Now you might be wondering, "If we're back
where we started, then why is our counter
reading 360 degrees instead of 0 degrees like before?"
The answer is that, even though our rays are back to the same place, 
we had to rotate our top ray 360 degree to get it there.
And you can see that our angle arc
now forms a complete circle.
So 360 degrees is the angle that represents
a full circle! Rotating 360 degrees brings
you all the way around the circle to the point
where you started from.
Okay, now that you know what degrees are and
have seen how they relate to the size of an angle,
we need to learn how to actually measure
an angle without this fancy readout that we have here.
Just like a ruler can be used to measure the
length of a line,
a special tool called a protractor
can be used to measure angles.
A protractor is similar to a ruler, but it's
curved into a half-circle so that it can measure
rotation around an axis point. A protractor
also has a straight edge with a hole or dot
in the middle that represents the axis, or
center of rotation.
So, if you are given a mystery angle
(like this one)
and you want to measure how many degrees it is,
you just put your protractor
on top of it
so that the axis point lines up with the intersection of your rays, like this.
Then you make sure that one of the rays lines
up with the straight line on the protractor.
And last of all, you look to see where the other
ray crosses the curved part
and read off what angle measurement it lines up with.
As you can see, this angle is 50 degrees.
Alright, there's one more thing I want to
teach you in this video because you will probably
see this kind of geometry problem on your
homework or tests.
Do you remember what complementary and supplementary angles are from the last video?
Complementary angles combine to form a right angle,
 and supplementary angles combine to form
a straight angle.
Well, now that we know a right angle is 90
degrees, and a straight angle is 180 degrees,
we can use that information to solve problems
that have unknown angles, like this one.
It shows two angles (A & B)
that combine to form a right angle.
The problem tells us that angle A is 30 degrees,
and it wants us to figure out what angle B is.
Fortunately, it's easy to figure that out now
because we know that a right angle is 90 degrees,
so we know what the total of both angles must be.
That means that to find angle B, all we do is take
the total (which is 90 degrees)
and subtract angle A (Which is 30 degrees) 
and whatever is left over will be angle B. 
So, 90 - 30 = 60. Angle B is 60 degrees.
Now let's try this problem. It uses the same
idea, but with a straight angle this time.
The straight angle is divided into two smaller
angles. (again, angle A & angle B)
And again, the problem tells us that angle A is 70 degrees, and it wants us to figure out what angle B is.
Well, we know that the total of both angles
must be 180 degrees
because we just learned
that's how big a straight angle is.
So if we take that total (180 degrees) and subtract
angle A (which is 70 degrees), whatever is
left after subtracting must be angle B.
So 180 - 70 = 110.
Pretty cool, huh? And now you can see why
it's important to know how degrees work in geometry.
They can tell us how big angles
are or how much something is rotated.
Well, that's all I've got for you in this video. 
But don't worry, there's a lot more geometry 
where that came from. 
So I'll get going on my next video, and you get going on practicing what you've learned.
Thanks for watching Math Antics,
and I'll see ya next time.
Learn more at mathantics.com.
