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advanced videos Hello Friends  now we are
going to talk about the modern periodic
table yes after so a long that is after
the contribution of cooke's after the
contribution of Doberenier's  and
Newlands as well as Luther Mayer's now
finally and also of the Mendeleev and
now we are going to talk about finally
the modern periodic table or we could
say the long term or long form of the
periodic table so how does it had form
and what are the variations that we
could see in this table let us talk
about that
so now we are going to talk about modern
periuodic taable  but earlier we should know
that according to the mentally as it is
according to the Luther Mayer's the
property of a chemical element it was
based on the atomic weight but this is
the new concept that we have going to
learn now that is we are going to talk
about the modern periodic table and that
has a different law than that of the
mending lives periodic load so what is
that let us learn about that so it comes
to modern periodic table so modern
periodic table states that the physical
and the chemical properties of the
elements are periodic functions of their
atomic numbers so in this case the thing
that should be highlighted is the atomic
numbers so earlier it was considered
that in the characteristic of an element
based on its physical property or its
communal property it was dependent on
the atomic mass or atomic weight but
later it has got to know that we have
got to know that it is dependent on the
atomic numbers and based on that only
atomic based on that atomic number
modern periodic table has been aboard
and this is quite very much different
than that of the materials periodic
table but there are some similarities
also but because of the help of the
modern periodic table we could estimate
various elements that are present in
groups or that have been present in
which period even that can be estimated
but this all was because of the
Mendeleev that have or the other Renault
persons that have made a classification
of elements and now we are going to see
the modern periodic table which is this
so this is a modern periodic table as we
know and it consists of basically 118
elements in which the lower part as you
could see that was been not discovered
but now even they are being discovered
or they have been invented in that
process so make making all the 118
elements to be fulfilled so in this case
basically we could see that there are
also certain elements that are not being
formed and what the process is going on
so as to
invent also as to discover those
elements so this is the model periodic
table which is consistent of BC 180
elements or which will occupy 190
melmans and it has been distributed in
blocks and this and those are basically
s block P block this is the whole
section of P block this is the D block
and the lower part is of F block
so basically periodic table is been
divided into four blocks or four groups
as we could say four blocks is we could
say s Block B Brown D block and F flow
and in this periodic table since like
the Mendeleev also have made groups as
well as for periods and in this case
also we could see there are total number
of 18 groups as well as there are
basically seven periods that is the
horizontal rows as we could see so this
periodic table is known as the modern
periodic table and it consists of as you
would see that there is also an
arrangement in which you could see that
this place is vacant but there is a
reason behind that that this space is
vacant and overall space is been
occupied so talking about the first
period that the first period consists of
basically two elements we could say that
is for hydrogen and for helium so why
there are basically two elements that
are being present in this thing and
moreover we could see that this hydrogen
is belonging to the S flow so talking
about that we know that is according to
the above principle that is the first
mention occupies the first orbit or the
sub shell known as s subshell so in this
when it comes to the first period or
when I'm talking about period 1 so this
period 1 means it consists of the main
shell as 1 so the main shell is
basically 1 or I could say where n is
equals to 1 and if when n is what
student so I could give a orbiter and
the first main shell consists of the
subshell known as s subshell so
therefore we could write it as basically
one s and it could be raised to one or
it could be raised to two so this s
orbital can occupy basically two
electrons as we know this could occupy
two electrons and that's the reason the
first period consists of basically you
could see here it consists of two
elements one is hydrogen one is healing
talking about the next one for period -
the period - indicates that the
principle quantum number that is n is
equal to 2 and this n is all Stu - can
be written as it is distributed in the
form of 2 s 2 and 2 P 6 so this is the
maximum number of electrons that could
occupy in the orbital making 2 s 2 n 2 P
6 so in this case what we could see we
could see that the second main shall
consist of basically 8 electrons as you
could see here that is 2 electrons of s
and 2 we lit and 6 electrons that have
been on providing p orbital so the
minimum condition there where the s
could occupy the electron it would be
named as 2 s 1 similarly for the 2p when
it comes to the 2p shell again the 2p
shell can consist of 1 electron so the
maximum limit it could reach up to total
amount of 8 electrons so that's the
reason in second in second period you
could see that there are two electrons
that were that there are two elements
that are belonging to s law while there
are six elements that are belonging to B
Block so this is for group this is what
period - so this was gazed on we could
have got to know that in period two
there are basically a total number of
eight elements within which the two
belongs to the s block while the other
six belongs to the P you know so let us
talk about that how the
a number of elements are being divided
in the periodic table in the group when
it when we are talking about Period
three so in period three the main shell
or the main corner number that we know
is basically it will have three shells
and creations it has so therefore it
will also have three substrates and
those are busily 3s 2 3s 3p + 3 B so in
this case basically the D orbital is
having more energy than that of the 3p
as well as we could see that when we are
considering the number of electrons that
could have occupy 3s and 3p so it will
make a total of 8 electrons that would
occupy 3 years as well as 3 B on the
combined form so that's the reason in 3s
also we could see that the total number
of electrons are basically it so in this
case also we have got to know that in
the 3rd period 2 belongs to s block
right the other six elements are
belonging to the people and now talking
about the fourth one so in period 4 if
we could observe that the main shell is
basically the n will be 4 but before
filling the electrons in the fourth
shell that is it will start with four 4s
but before that what it happens is we
are going to fill the 3d orbital first
because it is the emboss rule in which
we have got to know that 3d orbital has
more energy than that of the so three
have less energy than that of many
compared with the four 4s so that's the
reason that the 3d will be first filled
and then the 4s and then for P so in
this case because when it comes to 3d 3d
it means that it will acquire basically
Phi or balance and those five orbitals
which one orbital would contain two
electrons so that makes a total of it
can acquire a maximum of 10 electrons
and after that 3d electrons after the 3d
orbitals have been filled then it comes
to basically 4s electrons and those 4s
can occupy basically those orbitals can
occupy two electrons and as well as we
could see then after 4s is benefit we
the electrons are being entered in the
4p orbitals and those four p orbitals
can acquire a maximum of six electrons
so in this case also we what the number
of elements that in this case we could
see it is 10 plus 2 plus 6
it makes of total 18 elements that would
be present in the period four so let us
see whether it is valid or not so in
this group for that in the period for
that is one two three and four this is
the full period that we are talking
about and in this case the this two are
belonging to the 4s or we could say in
the s-block
by this are belonging to the four P a
six that we had that means six elements
are belonging to the 4p find this 3 D it
is belonging to the D block
or we could say that the total number of
elements in then 3d shells the total
number of electrons in that three D
orbitals is basically 10 so that makes a
total off in Edmonds in group in period
four so this is how we can pretend
similarly for that we could also do for
period five and for period six what
happens is before filling the 4s orbital
the three before filling the S orbitals
the 3 D orbitals will be filled and
after that even F orbitals will be
filled and so that's the making that
will make this gap that we have so this
is nothing known as the length or height
and thus the lanthanide consists of
basically 14 elements because F 4
patents have between 7 orbitals f
subshell has 7 orbitals and in which
each orbital since we know it consists
of two electrons so it overall makes the
number of electrons to be occupied in f
subshell
is basically 14 so
the reason there are basically 14
electrons in the f subshell
so therefore this ad minus 4 f elements
and this are known as 5 F orbitals when
it comes to the lower when it comes to
the actinides so that's the reason the
number of groups are now and the number
of loops are now also being destroyed in
that mirror as well as the total number
of elements that are present in the
period can also be validated because of
the rule that we have and that is
because of the emboss principally as
well as the control that we have studied
in atomic structure structure of Edie so
this is how they have made a statement
and because of which we could easily
make a conclusion that why the first
orbital why the first period has only
two elements the second will have a
total of eight third will also have
total of eight while the next vanilla
will have 18 and then it goes on so this
is basically known as the periodic table
that we know but based on this thing
also be could easily predict that
suppose if we have a particular element
if we are given a particular element and
based on the atomic number so because of
that also we could easily calculate that
or easily determine that to which block
to which group and as to which period is
that element belonging to so for that we
have
the prediction where we could easily
determine that the elements belong to
which block and which period so when it
comes to the block then how can we
determine that the element is belonging
to which block it will depend on the
electronic configuration that is the
verse of the hemos principle so when it
comes to block to determine that the
element belongs to which load we should
always observe the outermost assumption
so while filling the electrons according
to the Airbus principle the outermost
option that we observe that will
indicate that the element will not mix
will belong to that block for example I
will give you an example but this has
the prediction that how could we
determine that it belongs to which block
talking about the period it is easy to
estimate because the page defines the
principal quarter number or the mains a
share so by understanding that what we
the outermost shell on what would be the
outermost main shell of the particular
element according to the electronic
configuration or because of the help of
the post principle so in that piece of
that basis we could easily determine
that what will be the period of that
particular element on which period it is
located at and talking about how can we
determine a for a particular group so
group is something which will be if it
where we have to do calculation so
therefore when it comes to group so the
group depends the on the number of the
outermost sub shell or we could say
according to the most principle that we
like so in on that basis if we see that
the group that the element is belonging
to a particular block and in that block
suppose if it can be s wrong can be P
block can be D and sense can be F so
suppose if
the element is belonging to s block so
if the element is belonging to s block
then what will be the number of group or
which number it would be on the group
one two three or aiding it will depend
on the number of electron in the S
orbital number of your own present at
the exorbitant 4 P even that would be
easily do it can be easily determined
that the number of electrons in p
orbital plus the rule is to know it has
plus twelve and when it comes to ad
block so when it comes to debug then the
calculation will be variable CC that is
the number of electron in D or pattern
of that particular element many when we
come to know that what is the electronic
configuration of that plus 2 and this is
because we know that once the s block
ends and even D block will start after
then so Kadima see the D block will
start and because of which we know that
first s will come then D and then P as
we move on from left to right and we see
observe the periodic table so s thumbs
first then D then B then F but while
writing the electronic configuration we
always write in s P D and F so basis on
based on this thing let me introduce
that how could you determine that to
which group and to which period does
that belongs to suppose we have an
element like sodium coordination
suppose if we have an element like
sodium and of whose the atomic number is
calculated to be is for to be 11 so how
can we determine that what would be the
drop to which it has been belonging what
is the period that it is been located at
and what is the group to which the
sodium it has been present in which of
the group impurity table so it is very
much easy to calculate so first of all
since we know the electronic
configuration how to write it as well as
in this case the atomic weight is all
atomic number is also being mentioned
was so first of all the thing that we
should do is we should do the electronic
configuration on the sodium so that for
the electronic configuration of sodium
eleven can be written s and its 1s2 2s2
2p6 and 3 s 1 so this is how and this is
how we have followed the emboss rule or
so this makes you note that the 1s has
lower energy then and again after that
2s 2p 3s will happen this will be the
orbit which would have the highest
energy and electrons are filling from
the lower to the highest but it comes to
the filling in orbitals so therefore
this is the one which will have the
outermost sub sent to be s so since the
outermost sub shell is basically s so I
could easily say that this belongs to
block s so this is how can we determine
that - Mitch long it is belonging to and
talking about what will be the period to
which the sodium is located at so as you
can see that the principal point of the
highest physical quantum number in this
case or the main subject that we could
see main shell that you could see it is
VCE 3 so this is the third main shell so
therefore and as well as the auto most
shell also so in this case we could
easily determine that the period people
to be belong into the third period and
moreover we could see that since it is
blown into s block that is we are
talking about in this section since they
it is belonging to s block and
in this case the s-block consists of one
electron so therefore the group that the
sodium is belonging to because as we
have made a statement in this case also
that if the number of electron in s
block orbital is suppose 1 that would be
the group number of there so therefore
since the number of electron in this s
orbital is basically 1 so therefore it
means that it is we don't aim to the
first group so let us see whether we are
right or not based on this thing we have
calculated kind of much so this is the
periodic table that you hear so we have
to check the sodium in s block only so
this is the X Box section where we
couldn't get the sodium and moreover we
have found out that it will be located
on the third period so this is the first
second and this is the third period so
here we could find sodium and moreover
precisely people say that it belongs to
the group 1 that's the reason sodium is
being calculated here could see so this
is how the sodium so we could calculate
or we could determine the exact position
of that element in the period table by
using the electronic configuration as
rest by using the foreigners that we
have made for estimating that an element
belongs to which know which group or
period so let me give you another
example so another example that I have
is titanium 22 this 22 means the atomic
number of their titanium so I could
write the data be confusion of this also
so later on the conflation of titanium
can written as basically -2 2s2 2p6 3s2
3p6 then for s 2 because we are
fulfilling the f was principle and after
4 s 2 will fill it with 4 d 2 so in this
case as you could see that the total
number of electrons are 22 so this 2 + 2
+ 6 that is 10 again 2 plus 6 plus 2
again 10 makes a total of 20 + 2 it will
make of 22 so in this case because the
we have to search first of all that
- bitch block it is been
in which block it is present so as you
can see that the outermost subject or
the last esepcially I could see it as D
so therefore obviously that it would be
belonging to Dino and talking about the
another one that is for what would be
the period so in this case as I could
see that the the main subject or the
outermost shell in this case is
basically belonging to the fool or you
could say that the principal quantum
number for the outermost orbit is
basically food so therefore in this case
the period would be fourth and two which
group it is been belonging to so for
that we know that when it comes to group
we have to also check the number of
electrons on the D orbitals so in this
case the number of electrons on the D
orbital is basically two so when it
comes to D orbitals so we know that the
number of electron that in this case is
two and in this case we will add two
because this two is belonging to the s
block and s block the sister of two
elements when it comes to the period so
this is how we could know so then for
two plus two which makes basically foot
four
so basically it belongs to the fourth
period as well s belongs to the fourth
group so let us see whether we are right
or not
so tell so titanum is the one that will
get in D block so in this case this
whole section is of D block so this is
what we have and what we are what to
know that it is belonging to a fourth
period so that for this is first second
third and fourth so in this thing in
this section only we will get and
moreover in D block only we will get D
titanium and we have what also but to
know that it is blown into the fourth
group so this is the first group this is
the second this is the third and this is
the foot and BS in the fourth group only
we have got titanium
so this is how we could locate the any
element which is present in the periodic
table based on the theory so now let us
calculate for another example if I will
give
suppose four carbon carbon is at an
atomic number of six so we could easily
calculate that by using the atomic on
function so the electronic configuration
of carbon is basically 1s2 2s2 and to
peter so now the first thing that we are
going to do is we are going to locate
that what to which block it is will
present so for that we have to observe
the outermost shell or Ottomans function
in this case the Ottoman sub shell is in
found to be P so therefore it is
belonging to V block and moreover people
say that the period to which it has been
belonging the third is belonging we have
to see the outermost shell the
Automotion
is basically the second shell as you
could see you so therefore it is
belonging to the second period and when
it comes to group so for group we know
that we have made a formula for so as to
locate that how can we calculate the
group of that so in this case we have
got to know that we have to consider the
number of electrons on the p orbital
plus we have to add it by 2l so as to
locate that which group does that
element belongs to so in this case the
number of electrons in the p orbital is
basically 2 and purposely will multiply
will add it with 12 so as to get 14 so
basically it is belonging to 14 through
so let us check whether we are right or
not by a free the favorite table so
since we are locating for carbon so
carbon is the one which will get in P
block so in this case this is s wrong
this is d block why this is P block so
in this section only we will get carbon
and moreover we have got to know that it
belongs to the second period so this is
what the second period is so you get
carbon here itself and that will be
block only and moreover we have got to
know that it belongs to 14 group so
therefore in this case this is the first
second third fourth fifth sixth seven
and more this is the twin this is the
thirteenth group and ultimately this is
a 14 loop so therefore in 14 group
and in third period we have located the
carbon so this is very much easy to do
so this is all because of the modern
periodic table as less by using the
emboss principle and electronic
configuration it is very much easy to
locate so this is the nice thing of
modern spirit table that we have
discussed with you so thank you fans for
watching this video I hope we have
understood that what is the importance
of periodic table and based on that we
have we have also did that what are the
variations that we could say this
finotti table so thank you friends for
watching this video I hope you have
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