hey what's up everybody it's Mr. Sutta
here and today we're gonna be learning
about the scientific method right we're
just going to do a brief overview we're
gonna look at the steps the scientific
method and then some related vocabulary
alright let's get started
all right so the scientific method is an
organized way for scientists for anybody
to answer questions and develop
solutions although there's usually six
parts to it um they might be a little
bit varied in terms of what you're going
to see so on the left that's a version
of the scientific method let's look at
the one on the right so for our
scientific method first we're gonna
start with a question that we want to
answer something where we're curious
about then we're going to make a
hypothesis that's an educated guess
about that questions answered answer and
then we're going to do an experiment to
test our hypothesis and then we're going
to record data from that experiment
after that we're gonna analyze that data
and review the results and lastly we're
gonna report the results of our
experiment and determine whether our
hypothesis from the beginning was
correct or not right so that's a quick
overview of our steps there let's look
at that let's look at them in a little
bit more depth now right so here are
steps
so first we're going to ask a question
when we ask for question first we have
to make observations but when we make
our question we have to make sure we
have accurate phrasing we have to make
sure that the question that we're asking
is specific and that it's really getting
at what we want to know right after that
we're gonna hook for my hypothesis which
is an educated guess usually hypothesis
are going to be in form of an if-then
statement so if I place this plan in the
sunlight then it will grow faster so
usually we're gonna use if then
statements we'll practice that a little
bit more later right next we're going to
test our hypothesis usually by doing an
experiment and then we're going to
analyze our results those are gonna be
the numbers that we recorded during our
experiment or other kinds of data
finally we're gonna draw conclusions
whether hypothesis right or wrong and
then after that we're gonna communicate
our findings we're going to tell if the
hypothesis is right or wrong same thing
we're gonna tell how if we know of our
conclusion is right or wrong to remember
science is only good if we can share it
with other people
so communicating your findings is a
really important part of the scientific
method
alright in order to help you remember
the scientific method you can use this
mnemonic device and found 20 adorable
cats and found 20 adorable dogs and cats
sorry so and ask a question F found for
my hypothesis t20 test the hypothesis
hey adorable analyze the results d dogs
draw conclusions and see cats
communicate findings and found 20
adorable dogs and cats right so that
might be something useful for you when
you're trying to member your steps here
right now this page has a lot of text on
it but the stuff that's on here is
really really important so these are our
basic terms of the sign that are gonna
be used during the scientific method
when we do experiments right so the
first one there is a variable that's a
factor in the experiment that can be
controlled changed or measured and then
we're gonna have a can the next one is a
control control is going to be the same
the thing that stays the same so the
experiment can be fair and we'll look at
a little bit more on the next line of
what kind of things are controls and an
experiment then we're gonna have the
independent variable that's the part of
the experiment that's being tested or
changed by the scientist you can
remember I independent I change so the
independent is the I change the thing
that the scientist or your your that you
yourself the scientist is changing in
the experiment it's the thing that you
want to know if that has an effect on
something and the last one is our
dependent variable or our responding
vegetable or our responding variable or
a measured variable that's the part of
the experiment that's going to be
determined by the independent variable
it's the thing that we're trying to see
if the independent variable has an
effect on alright so let's look at some
of these terms in action alright so
here's an example using our variables
how does fertilizer affect the growth
rate of plants that's the question that
we're trying to answer how does the
fertilizer affect the growth rate of
plans right so we set up an experiment
testing different amounts of fertilizer
on different plants and measuring the
growth of the plants in this case we're
gonna measure the growth using the
height of the plants right so what's the
independent variable what's the I change
right so the thing that we're changing
here is the use of fertilizer and one
experiment or on one setup we should
have one where it's using fertilizer
another setup where it's not using
fertilizer so we can compare right and
then let's move on to our dependent
variable so what's being measured or
recorded how are we to tell the
difference between the set up that has
fertilizer and one that doesn't have
fertilizer how are we gonna tell whether
there was a change in the growth rate
we're gonna look at the plans height you
know where that's gonna be the growth
rate of plants that's the thing that
we're measuring to see if the fertilizer
has an effect on it lastly we're gonna
look at our control so these are the
things that we're gonna want to be the
same in the experiment right so lots of
different roles they can pick almost
anything you can think of that would
make the experiment more fair and
consistent across the board between the
two setups um so they should be the same
type of plant they should have the same
amount of water they should have the
same amount of sunlight and overall they
should have the same environment there's
a type of environment but overall they
should have the same environment so they
should be in the same temperature it's
important that when you're testing that
you only have one independent variable
because you don't want confusion over
well what's the thing that's affecting
the growth rate plants have you had one
that had fertilizer but it was in the
dark that plants not going to grow very
well so you want them to both have
everything the same except for one thing
that you change that's your independent
variable the one thing that you change
is your independent and then your
dependant what's good is what's gonna be
measured on top of that and our controls
helped make our experiment more fair and
consistent across the board right next
kind of moving on we have scientific
models all right so a model is a
representation of an idea an object or
even a process or a system that is used
to describe and explain phenomena that
cannot be experienced direct directly
you're probably familiar with models you
probably may be made models in the past
on the rape you can see a model of the
water cycle the water cycle is not a
physical thing we can touch and hold so
we can use models we create like
dioramas or things like that in order to
represent those ideas below that is a
of our solar system there obviously we
can't touch and hold all the planets but
we can create a model that will help to
represent our solar system as a whole
right there's three types of models that
are used in science we have physical
models for example a toy rocket and a
plastic skeleton are examples of
physical models we have mathematical
models a mathematical model may be
made-up numbers equations or other forms
of data so for example a punnett square
that's used in genetics is an example of
a mathematical model and you'll learn
more about that in life science and
lastly we have conceptual models so some
conceptual models represent systems of
ideas others compare unfamiliar things
with familiar things we're not going to
do too much with conceptual models but
there you are a thing that's out there
and we may cover a few of them this year
next we have scientific theories so
scientic theories are an explanation
that ties together many observations and
conclusions right so two really
important theories that are below here
we have our plate tectonic theory which
involves how our earth creates more
crust why our continental plates move
why we have volcanoes all kinds of
things like that on the right we have a
cell which incorporates cell theory so
back in the olden days they didn't know
what our body was made up of now we know
it's made up of selves but that's a
theory that's had lots and lots of
observations and conclusions and a
research in order to say hey you know
you're a person and you're made up of
lots of different things you know you
have your cells your tissues your organs
your organ systems and then they make up
your whole body and that's incorporated
in another Theory our cell 3 and again
you'll learn more about that in life
science so scientific theories really
broad scope right and one step further
than that as a scientific law so a
scientific law is the summary of many
experimental results and conclusions a
law tells you how things work and laws
are usually always true there may be
like rare instances when they're not
true but unless something crazy is
happening our scientific laws are
usually upheld so for example below is a
demo of lunes third law which is for
every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction so the car smashes
into the the car smashes into the wall
of the building damaging it but the wall
the building also smashes into the car
which destroys the car right in that
taste example of a scientific law right
that's it for scientific method thanks
for watching I hope you learned
something and I'll see you in the next
video peace
