in this video we're going to look at a
couple of old-fashioned but very common
commercial batteries our first battery
we're going to look at is a good old
ever any battery okay and if you cut it
in half what we see here is we have this
gray material here and that's manganese
dioxide and here we have a carbon rod
that's the electrode that actually the
conductor that carries the current and
then the outside is actually the casing
is zinc and the reaction is between zinc
and the manganese dioxide an alkaline
battery looks very much the same it's
but they don't have any carbon rod they
have carbon granules in here now you may
have seen also a good old-fashioned
9-volt battery okay how do they get nine
volts or remember these kind of
batteries make 1.5 volts well if you
take apart the casing what you'll see is
six of these itty bitty batteries
six of these any bitty batteries and the
six batteries six times 1.5 make nine
volts but maybe the most ubiquitous
battery is the lead acid battery used to
start most vehicles okay and so what we
have here a letter s of battery is we
have lead solid and lead dioxide those are
its two reactants we need some sulfuric
acid that's the battery acid and they
react to make the lead sulfate that's
sometimes the white powder you'll see on
top of the battery and two water
molecules okay that's when the battery
is generating energy for you to start
your car now if you look here very
closely what we see is we have some
plastic pieces right here and those
separate the cells each cell produces
about two volts we have six cells
there's your 12-volt battery okay now if
you look even more closely you'll see in
between the plastic the plastic is not
permeable so it separates but remember
when you have to have a galvanic cell we
have to have a complete circuit which
allows ions to move well how that
happens is we have alternating pieces of
lead which is kind of gray and lead
dioxide which is kind of brown and in
between each of those columns is a piece
of thick paper and that allows the ions
to move back and forth so you can see
then it's separated in this cell and
it's all connected so
we get twelve volts out and this was
don't don't cut a battery in half don't
do that
