Dinosaurs have captured our imagination since
their remains were first discovered and identified
back in 1864, and scientists have spent the
last 200 years trying to fully understand
these creatures who once ruled the Earth.
But it seems like new discoveries change the
dinosaur game every few decades, and we’re
forced to redraw our ideas about dinosaurs
once again.
Even so, there are many dinosaur myths that
continue to roam around despite these new
discoveries, and it’s about time for these
myths and misconceptions to go extinct once
and for all.
10.
Tyrannosaurus Rex Had Wimpy Arms
The Tyrannosaurus Rex is simultaneously considered
the epitome of the dinosaur’s savagery and
brute strength while serving as the butt of
many jokes due to his little arms, which people
have always assumed to be weak.
But according to scientific research the T.
Rex’s arms may have been only three feet
long but they were super strong.
They were able to lift hundreds of pounds
with ease, could most definitely beat you
in arm wrestling, and could have easily torn
a person’s arm off and beat them over the
head with it – if only they had the reach
to do so.
9.
Just About Every Ancient Animal is A Dinosaur
Many people use the blanket term “dinosaur”
to describe any and all creatures that lived
during the Dinosaur Eras that extended from
the Triassic to the Cretaceous periods.
But the term dinosaur really only applies
to a specific group of creatures that lived
during these eras.
Pterodactyls (and we’ll get back to these
guys a little later) aren’t taxonomically
classified in the same genus as dinosaurs,
and neither are those splish splashin’ Pleiosaurs.
And that doesn’t even begin to cover the
mammals and fish of the era.
8.
Dinosaurs Dragged Their Tails
It’s uncommon for modern animals to walk
around dragging their tails, so why should
it be any different for the dinosaurs?
And yet the misconception that dinosaurs are
the same as the lizards of today extends to
this as well, and they are still often portrayed
dragging their tails when they appear anywhere
in pop culture.
So how do scientists know dinosaurs didn’t
drag their tails?
Because paleontologists haven’t found tail
drag marks along with the thousands of dinosaur
footprints discovered during their digs, and
drag marks made by tails that big would have
been pretty hard to miss!
7.
Dinosaurs Were Bad Parents
The perception of dinosaurs as nothing but
giant lizards has led to the misconception
that they were bad parents – like monitor
lizards and iguanas who simply lay their eggs
then abandon them to save their own skin.
But there is new evidence that suggests many
species of dinosaurs actually cared for their
young after they hatched, based on the discovery
of the fossilized remains of an adult from
the species Philydrosauras surrounded by six
juveniles.
These semi-aquatic dinosaurs existed during
the Jurassic period and so far this is the
oldest record of any reptile caring for its
young.
Other fossil records show a small, lizard-like
dinosaur called the pelycosaur had some sort
of babysitting colony as multiple young were
found outside of a nest area with one adult
of the species.
Given how rare discoveries like these are,
it’s hard to say how common post-natal care
was among dinosaurs, but it is entirely possible
that it was far more common among these prehistoric
creatures than it is around modern reptiles
since only 5% of living reptile species care
for their young.
6.
Dinosaurs Were the First Reptiles to Rule
the Earth
Since the dinosaurs ruled the Earth for millions
of years before man, it’s commonly assumed
they were the first (and only) reptiles to
rule the Earth.
Many people even have a hard time imagining
a time before the rule of the terrible lizards.
But scientists have discovered the remains
of a group of creatures that predated the
dinosaurs by millions of years, a group they’ve
designated “the ugliest fossil reptiles.”
They’re officially known as Pareiasaurs
and according to paleontologist Michael Benton
from the University of Bristol “they represent
the pinnacle of the evolution of vertebrates
on land before the dinosaurs.”
Like dinosaurs, these creatures were also
chunky with stumpy legs and armor-plated bodies
to protect them against predators.
They averaged about 10-feet long.
Pareiasaurs roamed the Earth for about 10
million years, around 252 million years ago,
until a mass extinction event wiped out 90%
of the creatures, leaving the door wide open
for the dinosaurs.
5.
Dinosaurs Terrorized Mammals and Other Non-Dinosaurs
Whenever the mighty dinosaurs go stomping
through the swamps and jungles in the movies,
a bunch of mammals scatter and hide from the
terrible lizards.
After all, the furry creatures’ small size
naturally would make them easy targets for
a rampaging dino.
But despite what you see on screen and our
modern perception of giant and fearsome dinosaurs,
many of these beasts were actually preyed
upon and picked on by mammals and other non-dinosaurs
like the nightmarish Razanandrongobe sakalavae,
a relative of the crocodile that would devour
dinos as a group.
Mammals, on the other hand, would use their
small size as an advantage against the dinosaurs,
slipping into a dinosaur’s nest unseen and
devouring their young before they could hatch,
much like rats do to some alpha predators
today.
In fact, some scientists have theorized that
mammals gobbling up dino eggs could have led
to the demise of dinosaurs.
4.
The Pterodactyl and the Archaeoraptor Existed
(At Least As You Know Them)
In our 10 terrifying facts about the dinosaurs
article, we previously discussed how brontosauruses
never technically existed because they were
actually just juvenile apatosauruses, which
were already known about when the “brontosaurus”
was first “discovered.”
As it turns out, these types of mistakes are
somewhat common.
Pterodactyls are a staple of dinosaur legend,
and they appear in just about every film or
TV show that features dinosaurs, but not only
are those winged reptiles not really dinosaurs
– the pterodactyl as we know it never existed.
The real pterodactyl was a small flying reptile
from the Jurassic period with a mere 3 to
4-foot wingspan, and had small teeth at the
front of its jaw rather than a beak and no
crest on the top of its head.
What most people call a pterodactyl was actually
a pteranodon, a Cretaceous animal with a wingspan
that measured 23-feet wide, a beak, and a
crest on the back of its head (or at least
the male’s head).
At least the pterodactyl actually existed,
unlike the archaeoraptor, which was one of
the biggest fossil hoaxes of all time and
besmirched the reputation of National Geographic.
The archaeoraptor is the find that first started
the feathered dinosaurs debate, and yet it
wasn’t really one find at all – because
the fossil was constructed from three to five
different specimens.
The original fossils were discovered by a
farmer, but rather than just sell his finds,
he decided to glue together several fossils
into one whole specimen.
Eventually the composite fossil was smuggled
into the US and purchased by an amateur fossil
collector named Stephen Czerkas for $80,000.
Czerkas believed he had something special,
so he invited a few experts in to take a look
and then hopefully publish the find in Nature
and Natural Geographic.
But one of the experts, Phil Currie, quickly
determined the tail and legs didn’t match
the rest of the body.
The dinosaur collector somehow managed to
urge Currie to keep quiet about his findings
and one of the other experts prepared a paper
for Nature, which was rejected since there
wasn’t enough time for peer review.
The paper was resubmitted to Science, where
it was rejected because it was both illegally
imported and obviously doctored.
Somehow news of these rejections didn’t
get to National Geographic, who decided to
unveil the fossil and report about it assuming
the discovery would eventually be published
in a peer-reviewed science publication.
Only two months later, one of the experts
on the team came forward with definitive proof
that the fossil was a fake.
To this day the story remains of the most
embarrassing tales of fraud in paleontology.
3.
Dinosaurs Died Out Because They Failed to
Successfully Evolve
Short on answers about what actually caused
the dinosaurs to go extinct, some scientists
have chosen to focus on the idea that they
died out because they were unsuccessful in
evolution, unlike mammals who simply evolved
to survive in the harsh post-meteor strike
climate conditions.
However, this theory has mostly been debunked
given that both mammals and dinosaurs existed
at this time and just like many dinosaurs
evolved to survive the mass extinction, many
mammals you’ve probably never heard of,
like triconodontids, spalacotheroids, dryolestids,
and multituberculates, went extinct.
While you may not see many giant lizard-looking
creatures roaming the planet these days, there
are plenty of birds (three times as many as
there are mammals, to be more specific), which
are descendants of dinosaurs.
Moreover, even if dinosaurs all died out completely,
it doesn’t mean they didn’t evolve at
all.
In fact, dinosaurs were the dominant life
form on land for 135 million years, which
is more than twice the amount of time mammals
have reigned supreme.
The reason they were so successful is precisely
because they did evolve – ranging from pigeon-sized
creatures to 70-ton herbivores that remain
the largest animals to ever walk on land.
Dinosaurs filled every niche and thrived on
every continent.
There were so many species of dinosaurs around
that scientists uncover a new species every
1.5 weeks.
The bottom line is that dinosaurs were masters
of evolution and simply because they happened
to die off at higher numbers than mammals
did doesn’t mean their demise came down
to adaptability.
A lot happened at the end of the Cretaceous
period and scientists still don’t fully
understand all of the factors that led to
the extinction of the dinosaurs – and their
research into the topic has been made particularly
difficult given that most dinosaur fossils
have been found in North America, where the
extinction likely happened much more quickly
and dramatically than in other areas of the
earth because that is where the famed asteroid
hit.
2.
An Asteroid Impact Alone Killed the Dinosaurs
As we already mentioned in the last entry,
yes, a giant asteroid probably happened right
as the extinction-level event that wiped out
the dinosaurs started.
But that was by no means the only factor in
the mass extinction – and it may not have
been responsible at all.
Assuming the asteroid, known as Chicxulub,
was the smoking gun behind the mass extinction,
the asteroid’s actual landing wasn’t the
only driving force – after all, even with
a 110-mile impact radius and a crash that
would have released 10 billion times the energy
of the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima,
that still leaves wide swaths of the Earth
safe from the harm.
The impact, which occurred along the southern
side of the Gulf of Mexico, caused a towering
tsunami that reached all the way to Montana,
Wyoming, and the Dakotas.
It also may have triggered massive earthquakes
around the globe.
But it was what happened over the next few
years that really would have doomed the worldwide
eco-system.
Scientific models show that the impact would
have also caused enough soot and dust to rise
to the sky and block the sun for two full
years.
This would have caused two major problems.
First, plants that rely on photosynthesis
would have all died out and even the plants
and animals that could survive without sun
had to deal with a drastic drop in world temperatures.
The average global temperature would have
dropped 30 degrees Fahrenheit, though the
change would have been drastically worse in
temperate areas like the equatorial area of
the Pacific Ocean.
But then as the skies cleared again, the increased
carbon in the environment would have led to
global warming – meaning areas like Antarctica
that fared OK during the worldwide darkness
would have suddenly had their ecosystems thrown
into chaos.
But the asteroid may not have been the cause
of the dinosaur’s demise at all.
Instead, the thing responsible for the global
extinction event may have been brewing 250,000
years before Chicxulub hit the earth and for
another 500,000 years after.
Scientists have recently started considering
that a supervolcano in India (which was its
own landmass near Madagascar at the time)
may have actually been responsible for the
mass-extinction that killed off 3/4 of life
on this planet.
The volcanic eruptions went on so fervently
and so frequently that over 300,000 cubic
miles of molten rock and debris would have
been left behind – and even more gases.
In fact, scientists who have studied the effects
of the volcano’s eruption believe that the
sheer amount of carbon dioxide released would
have made the oceans too acidic for most creatures.
The carbon dioxide would have also led to
a global warming event, increasing local temperatures
by 14 degrees Fahrenheit.
Some scientists believe the asteroid and volcano
might have been jointly responsible, arguing
that the impact of the asteroid and the resulting
earthquakes made the volcanic eruptions worse.
Add to the global temperatures rising, falling,
and then rising even higher than pre-impact
temperatures, giant tsunamis, acidic oceans,
earthquakes, complete darkness for two years,
and so forth, and it’s easy to see how so
many plants and animals could have been wiped
from the planet in such a short amount of
time.
1.
Dinosaurs All Existed at the Same Time
There’s a group of dinosaurs which have
always been lumped together and appear in
every dinosaur themed bit of pop culture – the
T. Rex, stegosaurus, pterosaurs, brontosaurus,
triceratops, and the apatosaurus.
This group just looks right to everyone who
grew up watching movies and TV shows with
dinosaurs in them, but this grouping of creatures
is pure fiction, because they didn’t exist
at the same time and some of them aren’t
even technically considered dinosaurs.
T. Rex is from the Cretaceous era and co-existed
with the triceratops, apatosaurus, and allosaurus,
but stegosaurus predates the T.Rex by millions
of years.
Pterodactyls likewise predate the T. Rex,
although as we mentioned before, they aren’t
even classified as dinosaurs.
The Mesozoic Era of the dinosaurs technically
spans over the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous
time periods and it shouldn’t come as much
of a shock that most dinosaur species didn’t
survive all three.
The Triassic period took place just after
a mass-extinction that took out over 65% of
all land-dwelling animals and 95% of all sea
life, so the creatures that lived in that
period were survivors from the past extinction
event.
Then there was a smaller extinction event
that separated the Triassic and Jurassic periods,
so plenty of creatures from the prior era
never made it to the latter.
It wasn’t until the Cretaceous period that
dinosaur diversity reached its peak, so many
of the most famous and beloved dinosaurs were
actually from this era, like the T. Rex 
and triceratops.
