Siri, could you start the video?
We’re already rolling?
How did you…
Hey everybody, welcome to BrainStuff.
I’m Ben.
And let’s start with a related question:
How did you find this video?
If you are on YouTube, then odds are it may
have popped up as a suggested video based
on something you watched earlier.
We’re used to that nowadays.
We’re used to computers using our past input
as a predictor of future action.
But today’s question is, what if computers
could read your mind?
This is the strange part, right?
Because the answer is they already can, sort
of.
It just depends on what we mean when we say
‘read one’s mind.’
We’re roughly talking about two different
categories of things.
One is the idea of predictive behavior.
This could be something as simple as autofill
when you’re typing in text or you’re searching
on a computer.
Because what it’s doing is it’s remembering
the last time you typed that series of inputs,
and it’s using that as a basis to predict
your intentions this time.
But let’s talk about the second thing.
The idea that an algorithm – a machine of
some sort – could know what you want before
you want it, or know instantaneously what’s
going on in your head.
How close are we?
Depending on how you feel about the future,
we’re either amazingly close, or terrifyingly
close – on a precipice.
In 2007, a study at the Max Planck Institute
in Germany demonstrated this concept.
They took a number of patients, and they attached
electrodes to them, and they gave them fMRI
to see what’s happening where in their brain,
and see if they could correlate it to a cognitive
action.
Specifically, they went to the patients and
they said, ‘We’re going to give you two
sets of numbers.
And before we give you these two sets of numbers,
what we would like you to do is spend a few
seconds thinking about whether you want to
add them together or subtract them.’
And after this pause, they would show them
the numbers.
It was clever of the scientists to do this
because they were able to isolate and differentiate
between two separate cognitive processes.
First, the process of an intention to perform
a future action.
And then, the process of that action itself
– in this case, basic arithmetic.
And what they found was that, as they were
feeding this information about brain activity
and about the mathematical performance into
the software and algorithms, they were able
to predict the intention of the patient with
70% accuracy.
And granted, 70% accuracy is barely a passing
grade if you’re in high school.
But in the bleeding edge of science, it’s
quite impressive.
And research continues today.
A 2015 study in Albany by a fellow named Peter
Brunner took us to a new horizon with this
concept.
They were able to create the first brain-to-text
interface between a computer and a human mind.
They cut these people’s skulls open, and
they attached electrodes directly to their
brains.
And then, they had these patients read stuff
aloud.
So, they would read things like The Gettysburg
Address, a children’s story, maybe a JFK
address.
After the baseline had been established – after
these patients had read this stuff aloud – they
read silently.
Based on this earlier input, the algorithm
(the software) was able to translate the brain’s
activity directly into text.
There are a couple of drawbacks with this,
of course.
Number one being that you have to have your
head split open.
Which I still think is pretty gross.
And number two, of course, which is also important,
being that the software’s lexicon (its vocabulary)
leaves a lot to be desired.
It doesn’t know every word, so there are
some things it just can’t translate.
It is enormously difficult to explore all
the possible implications of a direct link
between a computer and a human mind.
Let’s consider the massive benefits this
could have for people with certain neurological
problems, or with physical impairments.
Let’s also consider the possibility for
predictive behavior of crime.
Is it possible, for instance, that you and
I could end up living in a Minority Report
style future, wherein our actions – good
and bad – can be predicted with such a degree
of fidelity that we can be arrested before
those actions take place?
Or indeed, before we are consciously aware
that we would perform those actions?
While this sort of future is not inevitable
yet, it is increasingly plausible with each
coming year.
So what do you think?
Should we access direct computer-to-brain
interfaces?
Do you want to live in a world where a computer
could read your mind – whether for good
or for ill?
And as always, stay tuned for more BrainStuff.
