Every semester I get asked.
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Hello hello Melissa Maribel here and I help students
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to naming acids. Remember all acids
begin with H in front or a hydrogen in
front. That is your clue that it is an
acid. There are two specific types of
acids. Ones with oxygen and ones without
oxygen. The ones without oxygen begin
with a prefix of "Hydro." That hydro is
your clue that there is no oxygen. Your
setup begins with your hydro as your
prefix, next we'll have our root name of
our element ending in "ic" acid. The acid
tells us that there is a hydrogen in
front.
Remember hydro just tells you there is
no oxygen. For example, hydroiodic acid,
Hydro tells us no oxygen. The acid
portion tells us there's a hydrogen in
front and that "iod" tells us the root
name of our element or iodine. Balance
out your charges and we'll get the
friendliest of all the acids, H I, or
hydroiodic acid. Let's go in reverse, now
if you're given your chemical formula
and asked for the acids name. We have HF,
there is no oxygen so that tells us,
hydro, our prefix is hydro. We'll take
this sort of set up, just placing our
root name of our element fluorine and
you get hydrofluoric acid. Remember that
acid tells us the hydrogen in front.
There is no oxygen that's why it's hydro
and fluoric just tells us that it's
fluorine, Hydrofluoric acid. The second
type of
does contain oxygen, so our prefix is
gone, there is no prefix for this second
type of acid. Your setup which once again
has no prefix, it goes right into the
root word or root name of your element
ending in "ous" acid. For example, if we were
to have nitrous acid that "ous" actually
refers to "ite" and our polyatomic atoms
come back into play. We have nitrite, so
whenever we're given us it means "ite." The acid refers to a hydrogen being in
front. We'll have nitrite which was NO2- charge and our acid placing that
hydrogen in front. Balance out your
charges and we get HNO2. The next set up
jumping right into that root name of
your element ending in "ic" acid. For
example, nitric acid, the "ic" goes with
another polyatomic which is "ate." So "ic" goes
with "ate" nitric tells us really there's a
nitrate and the acid once again just
states that there is a hydrogen in front.
We'll balance out our charges and we get
HNO3. Let's go backwards once again. We're
given our chemical formula and asked to
figure out the name of the acid. You're
given H3PO3. There is an oxygen
which tells us there is no prefix. The H
says it's an acid. This is phosphite
remembering your polyatomic atoms.
PO3 is phosphite. "ite" goes with "ous." We will
have this sort of set up and it actually
is phosphorous acid. Be aware of this
case, we added an "r" that is just
something that you have to know
unfortunately. In chemistry this is how
they named phosphorous acid. Now if we're
given H3PO4, there is another oxygen so
no prefix once again. The H tells us it's
an acid, this is phosphate. The "ate"
goes with "ic." Your setup looks just like
this and in this case we do add another "r"
once again, so it's phosphoric acid. This
is another type that we have to know. So
for any sort of PO4 or PO3, any of those
phosphates or phosphites, they add an "r."
To help you remember naming acids with
oxygen, where the "ate" goes with "ic" and
the "ite" goes with "ous," remember the saying.
I ATE organIC apples
despITE being poisonOUS
(Witch laugh)
(music)
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