.
Welcome students to the online NPTEL course
contemporary architecture and design ah.
Today, we will discuss about the art movement
which was there during the modernist era.
We have already discussed few of the art movement
which was closely linked with the ah design
and architecture movement for example, Art
Nouveau Art Deco and ah ah the style or De
Stijl ah during the Bauhaus era.
And we have discussed few artist ah work and
the poster designs and which was during that
era.
And today we will discuss about the other
art movement which was not as closely merge
with the architecture movement or design movement
ah, but they were also closely ah linked with
the other ah ah movements of they were also
the movements during the modernist era.
And few of the ah postmodern movement were
also linked with this art movement which we
will go ah ah discuss later when we talk about
the postmodern architectural movement.
So, this is the time frame of modernist art
movements.
So, ah we can ah recognize this is just the
pre modern or just before ah 1920s which is
against the ah machine movement which is Art
Nouveau.
And then we have Art Deco ah which is inspired
from Art Nouveau ah, but more abstract and
more geometric then we have ah ah purely geometric
ah movement, which is ah ah like Piet Mondrian's
and Theo Van Doesburgs, ah paintings which
is De style or De Stijl which is closely linked
with Bauhaus, and then we have this impressionism
or pointillism and expressionism, expressionism
we have discussed there is ah part of expressionism
in architecture as well and then ah we have
talked about ah Alphonse ah ah munch scream
.
And so, ah and this is Cubism by Picasso and
today we will ah start discussing about the
ah modern art movement.
And ah in the next class also will continue
that.
So, this is Art Nouveau where Gustav Klimt,
Alphonse Mucha, ah Mucha is ah Alphonse Mucha
is working and then we see the whiplash lines
which is very ah biomorphic in nature, and
ah which ah goes with the architectural movement
as well where we see the whiplash lines ah
when ah Victor Horta designing ah the hotel
tassel or Antonio Gaudis work.
And we see lot of influence of gold in Gustav
Klimts work which was ah again linked with
the baroque and rococo style which happened
before ah industrial revolution, but ah ah
Art Nouveau kind of got inspiration from that.
Now ah the next phase we see Art Deco, which
is within the modern era which is after 1920s
.
And Alphonse ah Mouron work and Tamara De
Lempickas work where we see ah curvilinear
ah patterns or lines and then, but we ah see
lot of ah geometric influence in that and
these shines in the ah patterns, we where
we see this kind of metallic ah shines which
is there within the painting and which is
also linked with the architecture movement
like sunburst pattern where over emphasis
of ah metallic color and texture was there
.
Now, we have also talked about the De style
or De Stijl movement and the Bauhaus movements
paintings which falls under that.
So, Piet Mondrian's Boardway Boogie Woogie,
Theo Van Doesburgs work or Wassily Kandinskys
work in Bauhaus movement.
Where they talking about pure geometry and
pure ah basic colors which is red, yellow
and blue . Which are the primary colors with
achromatic shades of ah green, black and white.
And here we see the exploration of ah just
eye movement and not ah this [vocalized-painting]
painting does not convey any meaning.
And it is it is highly abstract and just ah
superimposition of ah different rectilinear
or pure geometric forms, which creates a pattern
and in in the canvas.
So, after that we have seen which is against
a reaction of De style or De Stijl movement,
which is expressionism, when ah people start
ah the painters started expressing ah their
ah ah thought to a with metaphorical ah expression,
ah through lines colors and textures for example,
this painting scream by Edvard Munch, ah where
we see the ah color the flowy lines and patterns
which depicts the ah expression which is stream
or fovea through this painting.
And next ah today we will discuss these ah
movements we have ah have not discussed, ah
as such before that till now what we are talking
about ah it has been discussed earlier.
So, we will start with impressionism, so impressionism
is a style of painting which has a different
kind of technique into that ah.
So, it is not ah the like the previous paintings,
where ah the ah color was ah the water color
was thin.
So, it there is a different technique called
Impasto, which is ah ah ah implied over here
and if we look at there is a thick color patches
which creates the painting ah.
So, this is water lily ah by Claude Monet,
and this is water lily with the breach.
So, ah ah Monet has painted ah ah many ah
scenes with the water lily.
And also their many other paintings by Monet
ah.
So, here we see a abstraction from the photorealism
though it depicts the particular landscapes.
So, there is no distortion like which we have
seen ah ah earlier in the expressionism.
So, there is a distortion in the shape and
proportion and for example, if we look at
the screen, so there was a highly distorted
ah figures.
So, it is lot of abstraction there in the
proportion and the shape and before that there
if you look at the De style movement.
So, there is nothing related to the figurative.
So, it is not very ah far a far from the figurative
expression of ah the realism and here we see
the ah ah the bridge looks like a bridge and
the lilies looks like lilies and water and
ah, but ah there was no distortion, but there
is a technique of painting which is different.
So, ah the thick colors . So, which is called
Impasto.
So, you can see the thick color patches which
creates actually creates a texture on the
ah canvas.
So, it is not ah flat canvas.
So, thick color creates a illusion on the
and ah there is a feeling of tactile texture
on the painting.
And ah here ah as we know that in modernism,
modernism is about abstraction.
So, there was very ah less movement in modernism
which talks about the photorealistic ah depiction.
So, ah ah the realism.
So, today we ah see some hyper realistic painting,
but that was not there in the modernism.
So, ah the thought was that camera can capture
the realistic image better than ah ah paintings.
So, ah they went towards the abstraction.
So, this abstraction also was there in terms
of architecture.
So, ah when we look about ah look at the ah
Farnsworth house and other ah high modern
building.
So, those buildings were highly abstract geometric
ah the use of material and rhythm rhyme those
things was ah quite dominating.
So, also we have this monolithic movement
while geometry ah plays pivotal role, ah which
is away from the ah ah and which also talks
about the abstraction in architecture . And
also we have seen abstraction in furniture
design when we see this ah ah Bauhaus ah ah
movement chair like Barcelona chair and like
Corbusier chair or George Nelsons furniture
design, and those are also quite abstract
and geometry was there ah was quite over powering
than the earlier ah ah pre modern eras design.
So, there are other painters like Vincent
Van Gauge.
So, here ah this is the starry night this
is cafe at ah night and this is his ah self-portrait.
Here also we see these kind of ah same technique
which is Impasto and here there is a shimmery
ah mix and fluidness in the painting, ah in
in the starry night.
And also you can see the this quite contrasting
colors applied over here.
So, it is yellow almost ah towards the orange,
and then blue which is ah almost at the opposite
side of the color wheel, ah and here we see
orange and blue Juxtaposed again here we see
orange and blue which is a opposite to the
colour wheel which is constricting colour
highly constricting colour, which gives a
shimmery effect and with the thick color patches
ah which is impasto is also giving this ah
shimmery effect, because there is a 2 opposite
direction of the color wheel is there which
is blue and orange; which is mixture of yellow
and red ah.
So, there is a like ah it is bright vibrant
color pallet is created here also, you can
you can see this blue and orange plays ah
ah role.
So, here also you can see this this creates
like a these are like pointed dots of orange
on blue.
So, from there there is another ah sub movement
you can see pointillism is here.
So, Georges Seurat ah in his painting you
can see lot of points are there of different
colors which creates ah the painting.
So, this painting is created from the concept
of ah lot of points ah can be merged psychologically
in our ah mind, when we see them and holistically
we see the ah picture.
So, these are nothing but the ah juxtaposition
of different colored points.
And sometimes this colors might not have any
relation like orange and blue and they create
together they create a different color pallet
when we see from far.
So, this orange dots and blue dot merge into
the and ah merged together and creates something
ah different colors.
So, if you look at this painting closely I
do not have a picture over here . So, these
points are different colors and if you see
closely this there will be a different colored
points and when you see the picture holistically
then it will appear like a complete meaning
of ah, the complete meaning of the painting
will appear .
Ah.
So, another painter Paul Gauguin was also
ah ah with within the phase of impressionism
and there are other ah painters who are also
there and from impressionism, there is another
ah later ah impressionism there is a neo impressionism.
So, ah van Gagh Paul Gauguin and George Seurat
is also from a neo impressionism where they
explode more geometric form, and a little
bit more vibrant colors than ah the ah Morne
work.
Now from there there in another movement fauvism
ah emerged later after impressionism.
So, here also ah you can see different color
patches which does not have any relation.
So, if you look at the ah ah painting this
is Madame by a Henry Matisse.
And here there is no link of these colors
and then there are different color patches,
which creates this ah painting and here also
in this painting you see different colors
which are Juxtaposed . And this fauvism ah
this etymologically this French ah it came
from a French word which means a wild beasts.
So, this wild ah kind of brush stroke and
vivid color ah ah because of this vivid color
and wild brush stroke this ah term called
fauvism immerge from that, and this is a derivative
of ah impressionism and pointillism while
they started using different color points
and different color patches . Which we seen
starry night or ah in ah other painters work
ah.
So, from there ah the fauvism ah came where
they started using different brush strokes
and this this these brush stroke are quite
ah ah visible these strokes are not merged
together in proper ah gradient.
So, this these brush strokes which we seen
here are visible brush strokes with different
colors and which are not ah properly blended
and that is the style of fauvism and then
sometimes there will black outlines around
the ah painting, which will ah create ah this
particular style . So, there are other fauvist
painters like Andre Derain and George Braque.
George Braque later moved on to the ah cubism
ah, but he started with the Fauvist painting.
So, here also we can see different colors.
Where you can see multiple colors are create
color patches are added to a make the sky.
Here also there are different color patches
which comes under the Fauvism.
And also the black border which goes around
the shape ah is also the characteristic feature
of ah Fauvist painting ah .
Now, there is another movement called Surrealism.
So, this ah Surrealist paintings if you look
at they have a photorealistic, depiction and
precision of paintings.
So, if you look at surrealist ah painter work
like Rene Magritte and Salvador Dali and the
other painters of Surrealist era.
So, you will see the total ah ah scenario
is painted in a very photorealistic precision,
it is not like fauvism or impressionism, where
ah thick brush stroke where left unmerged
and ah like they are multiple points.
So, here we you see a very photorealistic
painting , but the concept and then ah the
elements which are not co relatable.
And so, these are the like realistic, it has
realistic look, but ah ah ah total setup is
nonrealistic or non sequitur ah.
So, this ah elements for example, so this
is apple which is floating in front of the
face.
So, this is called ah son of man where the
ah the this this apple ah is actually ah coming
from the story of Adams and Eves apples, which
a so everybody is like ah Adams son.
So, that depicts and ah this picture depicts
that, and here this is persistence of memory
by Salvador Dali.
So, everything is like a fluid and this fluid
curvilinear line which is merging with ah
like a, blob and ah flowing the setup is quite
unrealistic, but if you look at the color
ah ah the technique of applying the color
which is quite realistic . And if you look
look at the other painting of Salvador Dali,
you can understand that the ah that there
there are many set up where the different
kind of creature, unrealistic creatures are
there or the unrealistic setup is there and,
but in totalality it looks very realistic
in the ah technique.
So, Salvador Dali also designed few furnitures
and this is the Mae West Room,
ah in Slavador Dali museum in Spain which
is derived from the Wae West painting ah which
Salvador Dali have painted.
So, Mae West was an actress and Salvador Dali
painted ah ah ah portrait of Mae West which
also if you look at.
So, this is very metaphorical and it looks
like Mae West face the actresses face.
But all this elements are ah ah ah talking
about interior space.
So, it is there is duality and so realistic
ambience is there it is talks about a face
and as well as it is also a interior space.
So, though that ah unreal and surreal appearances
is there, and from there there is a instauration
which is there in Salvador Dali Museum . And
this is the sofa and this is the fire place,
which acts as ah the ah lips and the the nose
of the face, and this is the Bocca sofa which
is ah there from the Slavador Dalis, which
is inspired from the painting of Mae West.
And these are some furnitures which is designed
by Salvador Dali .
So, here in this chair you can see the foots
are metaphorically designed as a human ah
lady's ah feat, and then hands arm wrist is
the ah designed has a hand.
And here also there is a the depiction of
metaphorical depiction of ah the human ah
figure human body part which is there in the
furniture.
So, here these furnitures are surreal furniture
designed by Salvador Dali and in the next
class ah we will discuss about other movements
of modernist movements and we will ah then
start with the postmodern movement .
