APPLAUSE
University Challenge.
Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.
Hello.
Getting questions right and doing so quickly is the order of the day, as
two more teams of students compete for a place in the second round.
Winners go through automatically.
The losers could qualify to play again if their score warrants it.
Now, the team playing on behalf of St Catharine's College, Cambridge,
represent an institution
said to be named after the patron saint of learning.
It was established by Robert Woodlark,
the Provost of King's in 1473 as a small community of scholars
who'd study only theology and philosophy.
Nonetheless, alumni include the actor Sir Ian McKellen,
the novelist Joanne Harris,
the comedians Ben Miller and Richard Ayoade and...me.
But they will have more sense than to expect any favours from me.
With an average age of 19,
representing around 600 students, let's meet the Cat's team.
Hi, I'm Callum Watson.
I'm from Stirlingshire and I am reading maths.
Hi. I'm Ellie Chan from Brighton
and I'm reading for a PhD in history of art.
This is their captain.
Hi, I'm Callum Bungey. I'm from London and reading chemistry.
Hi, I am Alex Cranston.
I'm from London and I'm reading natural sciences.
APPLAUSE
Now the University of Southampton owes its existence to the
benefaction of Henry Robinson Hartley,
a local eccentric who inherited a fortune from his family
of wine merchants, which resulted in his home
becoming the Hartley institution.
This became the University College of Southampton in June 1914,
which in turn became a university in 1952.
It's campuses include the National Oceanography Centre
and we're told the engineering department features
a variety of wind tunnels, which have been used to train Olympic cyclists.
Alumni include the musician Brian Eno,
the film critic Mark Kermode and the broadcaster Chris Packham.
Sir Tim Berners-Lee is currently on the academic staff
and anyone who follows The Archers will know that
Alice Aldridge has graduated from Southampton.
With an average age of 26,
representing around 23,000 students, let's meet the team.
Hello, I'm Will Cable.
I'm from Swindon and I'm studying for a masters in history.
Hello, I am Sarah Stock. I'm from Cardiff and I am reading chemistry.
- This is their captain. 
- Hello, I am Tricia Goggin.
I'm originally from New Ross in Ireland
and I am doing a PhD in biomedical engineering.
Hi, I am Roland Sadler.
I'm from London and I am doing a degree in biology.
APPLAUSE
OK, the rules are the same as ever.
Ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses.
Let's just crack on with it. Fingers on buzzers,
here is your first starter for ten.
In which city square was a statue entitled
the Goddess of Democracy erected by students on May 30, 1989...
Beijing.
Nope. Erected by students -
you lose five points - on May 30, 1989? Around ten metres tall,
it stood for five days before being destroyed
by the People's Liberation Army and the People's Armed Police.
- Is it Tiananmen Square? 
- It is Tiananmen Square, yes.
Right, your bonuses are on adjectives, Southampton,
from the names of countries.
In each case, give the single adjective that links the following.
Firstly, a play by Steven Berkoff first performed in 1980,
a fraternity and sorority system in US colleges
and an incendiary weapon used by the Byzantium empire.
- Greek. 
- Correct.
Secondly, a marine cnidarian with a powerful sting, a collection
of sonnets by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
and the former name of East Timor.
Stinging insect. East Timor and sonnets.
- Portuguese man o' war. 
- Portuguese. 
- Portuguese is correct.
And finally, the former capital of Jamaica,
a common name for the flu pandemic of 1918
and the steps in Rome leading to the church of the Trinita dei Monti.
- Spanish. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
Meanings of what word, include in general use that which is
most important or relevant, in heraldry,
an animal with both front legs raised and in warfare, a territory
surrounded on three sides by enemy forces such as Ypres...
- Rampart. 
- No.
I'm afraid you lose five points as well, because it was an interruption.
At Ypres during the First World War.
You may not confer.
- Just a guess, is it wearing? 
- No, it's a salient.
So...another starter question.
Also an occasional model for a Dutch clothing company,
which Norwegian became, at the age of 19 in 2010, the youngest
player to be ranked as the world's number one in chess?
- Is Carl Magnusson? 
- Nope. One of you may buzz, St Catharine's.
You're not buzzing quickly enough. I'll tell you. It's Magnus Carlsen.
- You had it but the wrong way round. 
- I knew it was something like that.
It was something like that but you weren't close enough. Right.
Ten points for this.
Which Prime Minister's second period in office
saw the publication of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol,
Disraeli's Coningsby and Sybil, and Edgar Allan Poe's The Raven?
- Lord Palmerston. 
- No, you lose five points, I'm afraid.
In domestic politics, it was marked by the success of the campaign
to repeal the Corn Laws.
Gladstone.
No, it's Sir Robert Peel,
it's famously the greatest achievement of his government.
Ten points at stake for this.
Bury St Edmunds, Newark-on-Trent, Cantley in the Norfolk Broads
and Wissington in the Fens,
are locations of the large factories that together
refine and produce more than one million tonnes a year of what...
- Sugar beet. 
- That's correct, yes. Sugar.
Your bonuses this time are on scientific establishments,
St Catharine's.
The role of which organisation founded in 1863 is to
serve as the official adviser to the US government in all
matters of science and technology?
The physicist and surveyor Alexander Bache was its first president.
- National Academy of Sciences. 
- Correct.
Founded in 1799,
which organisation purchased premises at 21 Albemarle Street
in London and held its inaugural lecture there in March 1800?
- Royal Institution. 
- Correct.
And finally, what is the world's oldest national scientific
institution founded in 1616 after a lecture by Christopher Wren?
Its presidents have included Samuel Pepys, Isaac Newton
and Sir Humphry Davy.
- The Royal Society. 
- Correct.
And we're going to take a picture round now.
For your picture starter, you are going to see part of the front cover
of a book from the Horrible Histories series.
For ten points, please give me its title.
Scary Stuarts.
No. Anyone want to buzz from Southampton?
- The Slimy Stuarts. 
- Slimy Stuarts is correct. You'll see the whole thing.
For your bonuses, three more sections of covers
from Terry Deary's Horrible Histories books.
Each case, please, I would like the title for five points. Firstly...
- Angry Aztecs. 
- That is correct. We will see the whole thing now.
And secondly...
The Cut-throat Celts.
That is indeed correct. And finally...
- Vicious Vikings. 
- Correct.
Well done. Right. Ten points for this starter question.
What adjective can be applied to both the church that does not
fall under the jurisdiction of the local bishop...
- Peculiar. 
- Well done.
Right. Your bonuses, Cat's, are on 18th-century England.
1729 and 1736, 1743 and 1751,
all saw the passage of acts
that attempted to conserve the consumption of which spirit?
- Gin. 
- Correct.
In 1751, which author and magistrate published
An Enquiry into the Causes of the Late Increase of Robbers, in which
he blamed the consumption of gin for contributing to the rise in crime?
Henry Fielding?
Any ideas other than Henry Fielding?
Correct. In 1751, William Hogarth issued two prints -
one depicting the evils associated with drinking gin, the other showing
the supposed virtues and benefits of consuming which beverage?
- Beer? 
- Beer is right, yes. Ten points with this starter question.
Born in 1713, which French mathematician gives his name
to a set of differential equations?
The youngest person to have been elected to the
Paris Academy of sciences, he correctly predicted to within
a month the return in 1759 of Halley's Comet.
This is going to be wrong but is it Poincare?
You are right, it is wrong.
St Catharine's?
- Is it Laplace? 
- No, it's Clairaut.
Ten points with this starter question.
Leaving Crete and flying in a north-easterly direction,
passing the island of Naxos on the left-hand side
and Kalymnos on the right, landing on Icaria in the Aegean Sea,
is an approximation of the flight of which figure of Greek mythology?
Icarus.
No, I'm afraid you lose five points. His son died on the journey.
- Daedalus. 
- Daedalus is right, yes. Icarus was the son.
Bonuses this time, St Catharine's, on European history.
Now the largest of the Baltic states,
which country was a powerful empire from the 14th to the 16th centuries
before joining in the Commonwealth with Poland?
- Lithuania. 
- Correct.
Poland and Lithuania were victorious at the Battle of Tannenberg
in 1410 against the Knights of which order?
Teutonic order.
- The Teutonic order? 
- Correct.
In 1795, the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth was divided up
with a portion being annexed by Prussia.
In 1807, this was incorporated into which grand duchy
created by Napoleon?
- Warsaw. 
- Warsaw is correct, yes. Ten points for this.
Conceived as a tool capable of the infallible
recognition of undecidable propositions,
what two-word term denotes a hypothetical computing device
named after the mathematician who introduced it in 1936?
- Turing machine. 
- Correct.
These bonuses are on probability, St Catharine's.
Which probability distribution can be
defined as the limit of the binomial distribution as the number n
of independent trials tends to infinity, whilst the product of n
and the probability of success in each trial remains constant?
- Poisson. 
- No, tends to infinity is a central limit theorem,
so that's normal distribution, surely?
Normal.
- No, it's a Poisson distribution. 
- Sorry.
Secondly if X has a Poisson distribution with mean 1,
what is the probability that X equals 0?
Please express your answer in terms of the constant e.
Mean 1, so e to a minus...
It has a lambda. Lambda is 1,
so it's e to the minus lambda...
Erm... Sorry? 1 over e.
- e to the -1. 
- It is e to the -1, yes.
If X has a Poisson distribution with mean 3,
what is the standard deviation of X?
L squared - L6.
No, it's the square root of three.
Right. We are going to take a music round now.
You're going to hear an excerpt from a musical.
For ten points, please name the musical.
# Master of the house... #
- Les Miserables. 
- It is Les Miserables, yes.
Les Mis is an example of a sung-through musical, that is
it has no spoken dialogue.
Your music bonuses are excerpts from three more musicals written
that way. In each case, I simply want you to name the musical, please.
Firstly.
- # Speak. # 
- BEEP
# That was a very loud beep
# I don't even know if this is working, Mark
# Mark? Are you there? Are you screening your calls?
# It's Mum
# We wanted to call and say we love you
# And we'll miss you tomorrow
# Cindy and the kids are here Send their love
# Oh, I hope you like the hot plate Just don't leave it on dear
# When you leave the house
# Oh, and Mark, we're sorry to hear that Maureen dumped you... #
THEY LAUGH
- I think you either know this or you don't. 
- Yeah, we don't.
That's a Voice Mail #1 from RENT. Secondly.
# Good evening, ma'am
# Don't turn the bed yet
- # I'm not the maid 
- What do you want then?
# They must have written the room number wrong
# I'm looking for something someone named Christopher Scott
# 317
# Oh, I'm sorry Unless...
# Well, you must be of course You're John's wife, are you not?
# Oh, God, I see It had to happen... #
- What are you thinking? 
- Nothing at all.
That's not the answer but I'll say it anyway. Funny Girl.
No, it's not. It's Room 317 from Miss Saigon. And finally...
- # You could be converted 
- What do you mean?
# Refilled with a new and better form of power
# You mean I could be converted to steam?
# Sure could
# And with steam you'd be... #
Porgy and Bess?
No, that's from Starlight Express.
So, ten points at stake for this starter question.
Which British monarch's brothers included
Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex...
- George IV. 
- Correct.
These bonuses, Southampton, are on too much.
Which poet began a sonnet in 1806 with the lines,
"The world is too much with us, late and soon,
"Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers
"Little we see in Nature that is ours"?
- William Wordsworth. 
- Correct.
"He played too much football with his helmet off."
To which future US president does this
remark of Lyndon B Johnson refer?
John F Kennedy.
No. It's Gerald Ford.
And finally, "The lady doth protest too much, me thinks."
In which play by Shakespeare to those words appear?
- Hamlet. 
- Correct.
Ten points for this.
What did Emerson describe as a "jealous mistress,"
Andre Malraux as a "revolt against man's fate,"
WB Yeats as "but a vision of reality" and Oscar Wilde as "immoral"?
- Is it fortune? 
- No. Anyone want to buzz from Southampton?
- Love. 
- No, it's art. Ten points for this.
In the novels of Dickens,
what profession links Jaggers in Great Expectations...
Lawyer.
Lawyers is correct, yes.
Right. Your bonuses are on families of the order carnivora.
Herpestidae is a family that includes various species of mongoose and which
burrowing mammal of Southern Africa
noted for its upright sentinel stance?
- Meerkat. 
- Correct.
What is the largest member of the Mustelidae,
the family that includes otters,
badgers and ferrets native to boreal forests and tundra,
which resembles a short, squat bear
and is also known as the glutton, or carcajou?
- Nominate Sadler. 
- Wolverine. 
- Correct.
Procyonidae includes olingos, kinkajous and which nocturnal
mammal of the Americas characterised by its bushy ringed tail?
- Raccoon. 
- Correct. Ten points for this starter question.
In petroleum refining, thermal and catalytic are two...
- Cracking? 
- Correct.
These bonuses, St Catharine's, are on Alexander Pope.
Begun in about 1715,
Pope's translations of which epic poet brought him
financial independence and allowed him to set up home in Twickenham?
- Come on. 
- Sorry, I can't hear your answer.
- Homer. 
- Homer is right.
Published by Pope in 1733, which philosophical poem attempts to
demonstrate the essential rightness of the world ordered by God?
- The Rape of the Lock? 
- No, it's the Essay On Man.
And finally, notably used by Pope,
which word originates from the Greek for depth and means
an abrupt descent from the elevated to the commonplace?
- Bathos. 
- Correct.
Bathos is correct, yes. We're going to take a second picture round now.
For your picture starter,
you are going to see a painting by a French artist.
Ten points if you can identify the artist.
Everyone is looking blank. Does anybody want to take a guess? No.
Right. OK.
Well, I will tell you, it's by Poussin, it's Winter, or The Flood.
Picture bonuses in a moment or two.
In the meantime, here is another starter question.
Fingers on the buzzers, please.
Also a French term for a small container for gunpowder,
what name is given to the oval-shaped figures
used in Egyptian hieroglyphics to indicate...
Cartouche.
Cartouche is correct, yes.
You will recall that you saw Winter, or The Flood, one of four
paintings by Poussin representing the seasons.
Your picture bonuses are from three more
series of paintings on the same theme.
Again, in each case, I simply want you to name the artist. Firstly,
this is spring from a series by which French artist?
Give me an artist. Give me a painter.
- No, that is too impressionistic. 
- Any French artist.
I don't know because all I can think of is Cezanne.
Delacroix.
- It is Delacroix, yes! 
- Oh, awesome!
Secondly, summer by which Czech artist?
- Nominate Stock. 
- It's Alphonse Mucha. 
- Correct. It is.
And finally, autumn by which Italian artist?
- I don't know who painted those. 
- Give me an idea. 
- I don't know.
Van Dyck.
No, it's Arcimboldo. Ten points for this.
Vienna, Berlin, box, rotary and piston of all types of what
component used in musical instruments?
- Valve. 
- Correct. That gives you the lead.
Your bonuses are on places that share their names with a breed of dog.
In each case, name the area from the description, please.
Firstly, a strait in the Tierra del Fuego archipelago,
around 240km in length and named after a British exploration ship.
- Magellan. 
- No, it's the beagle.
Secondly, a large inlet in the Atlantic coastal plain,
bordered by Virginia and Maryland.
Dog. Labrador?
Maryland and Delaware. Chesapeake.
Is it Newfoundland?
Labrador.
No, it's Chesapeake Bay as in the Chesapeake Bay retriever.
And finally, the easternmost portion of the Canadian continental shelf,
or Laurentian Plateau.
- Labrador. 
- That is a Labrador.
Four and a half minutes to go. Ten points for this.
In computer science, for what does the letter I
stand in the acronym ACID in the context of the set of properties
ensuring the reliability of database transactions?
- Information. 
- No. Anyone like tool bars from St Catharine's?
- Interchange. 
- No, it's isolation. Ten points for this.
In physics, what is the super symmetric counterpart of a...
- Squawk. 
- Squawk is right, yes.
These bonuses could give you the lead again. They are on chemistry.
In which class of organic compounds does a carbon atom share
a double bond with an oxygen atom,
a single bond with a hydrogen atom and a single bond with a side group?
- Aldehydes. 
- Correct.
Which aldehyde has a side group consisting of a single hydrogen atom?
- Ethanal. 
- No, it's methanal.
And finally, which organic compound
is produced by the oxidation of methanal?
- Methanoic acid. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
Created by the US cartoonist Charles Addams, which two children...
Wednesday and Pugsley.
Correct, yes.
These bonuses are on writers from New Zealand, St Catharine's.
Born in Wellington in 1888, which author's short stories include
The Fly and The Garden Party? On moving to the UK,
she became friendly with both Virginia Woolf and DH Lawrence.
What's the one with the double-barrelled name?
Come on, let's have it, please.
Vita Sackville-West.
No, it's Katherine Mansfield.
Which New Zealand author won the 1985 Booker prize for her
first novel The Bone People?
- No idea. 
- That's Keri Hulme.
The 2013 Man Booker Prize winner, The Luminaries, was written by which
author who, at the age of 28, was the youngest to have won the award?
- Come on. 
- No idea. 
- It's Eleanor Catton.
Two and a half minutes to go, ten points for this.
In Wagner's Ring Cycle,
Wotan and Erda are the parents of the figures known by what...
- Valkyries. 
- The Valkyries is correct, yes.
Your bonuses are on a Chinese Empress, St Catharine's.
Born in 1360, Yongle was the third emperor of which dynasty
whose power he expanded considerably?
- Ming? 
- Correct.
Yongle restored which route often cited as the world's longest
man-made waterway at over 1,700km?
It connects the southern city of Hangzhou with Beijing.
I'll let you pick. Nominate Watson.
- Grand Canal. 
- It is the Grand Canal, yes.
Yongle moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, where he
commissioned which complex now known by the Chinese as The Former Palace?
- Forbidden City. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
The executive mansion of which G20 member state is The Pink House,
or Casa Rosada?
- Brazil? 
- Anyone like to buzz from Southampton?
Indonesia.
No, it's Argentina. Another starter question. Ten points for this.
With four wins between 1996 and 2014, which French club
were the most frequent winners of Rugby Union's Heineken Cup?
- Toulouse. 
- Toulouse is correct. These bonuses are on population.
Three countries in the Americas have populations of more
than 100 million. One is the United States, what are the other two?
- Mexico and Brazil. 
- Correct.
Brazil and Mexico are among the 19 countries,
which, along with the European Union, make up the G20.
Which G20 member has the smallest population?
- Come on. 
- Come on. 
- Crack on.
- Canada. 
- No. It's Australia.
Which EU member state has the smallest population?
Luxembourg.
No, it's Malta. Ten points for this.
In chemistry, what term denotes the snake-like motion of polymer
molecules in a polymer melt?
I'll tell you. It's reptation. Ten points for this.
Eczema is a skin condition that may have a number of possible causes.
In this sentence... GONG
And at the gong, Southampton University have 135.
St Catharine's College, Cambridge, have 165.
APPLAUSE
Well, you are a jolly nice team, Southampton,
and you did pretty well, most of the time, and who knows? You might well,
at 135, come back as one of the highest scoring losing teams.
Who knows? We'll see, but thank you very much for joining us.
Well done, St Catharine's. You left it a bit late, I thought.
However, you did it. That's all that counts.
We'll see you in the next round. Thank you very much.
I hope you can join us next time for another first-round match,
- but until then, it's goodbye from Southampton University... 
- Goodbye.
- It's goodbye from some St Catharine's College, Cambridge... 
- Goodbye.
And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.
APPLAUSE
