10 Alternatives to Alternative Energy
10.
Buoyant Airborne Turbine (BAT)
Countries like China, the United States, Germany,
Denmark, Spain and India produce over 175,000
MW of power with traditional wind turbines,
but that number stands to double if they’re
replaced with BATs.
The technology is simple.
Basically, a huge blimp with a wind turbine
in the middle is secured to the ground and
hoisted to altitudes of nearly 2000 feet.
At that elevation, winds are blowing at much
greater speeds and thus generate twice the
power.
These new turbines can withstand wind speeds
of up to 43 miles per hour, after which the
BAT can automatically duck for cover to whatever
altitude is safe.
The environmental impact is far less visible
at such heights, not to mention the 90% cost
reductions in terms of transportation and
deployment.
Unlike traditional turbines, BATs can easily
be dismantled and redeployed elsewhere if
needed.
9.
Oyster
With over 70% of the world’s surface covered
in water, it’s a surprise that tidal wave
energy was left behind in the race for renewable
energy.
Oyster is an attempt to bring this form of
energy back to the forefront.
Its design is that of a flap, pushed and pulled
by the waves, 50 feet underwater and 1600
feet offshore.
Through this endless cycle, Oyster is able
to pump energy all the way back to a standard
hydro-electric power plant on the mainland.
So far two flaps have been successfully tested
off the coast of Scotland.
Oyster 1 was able to produce 315 kW of power,
while Oyster 800 (don’t ask us to explain
their naming convention) managed a whopping
800 kW, capable of bringing power to around
80 houses.
Waves are a frequent phenomenon, unlike tides
that only come and go a couple of times a
day.
The Oyster can also operate in stormy conditions.
The first Oyster farm, capable of producing
40 MW, is currently being developed off the
north-western coast of Scotland, with future
plans for a larger 200 MW farm near the Orkney
archipelago.
8.
Algae Based Biofuels
Biofuels are crop-derived ethanol or biodiesel
made primarily out of rapeseed, corn, wheat,
sugarcane, sugar beet, soy or other crops.
But all of these crops need land to grow on,
which is either acquired by replacing food
production crops or by cutting down forests,
neither of which is viable in the long run.
A better approach is to use algae.
Since some algae have a natural oil content
of around 75%, they can be easily processed
into biofuel.
The rest of the plant can be used as fertilizer
to grow even more algae.
It grows very quickly, and doesn’t need
any farm land or fresh water to do so.
On average, algae can produce around 5000
gallons of ethanol per acre in one year, as
compared to only 800 gallons produced with
sugarcane.
Scientists at the Rochester Institute of Technology
in New York have discovered that these biofuel
producing algae can also clean wastewater.
They consume nitrates and phosphates, and
also reduce toxins and bacteria.
The state of Alabama became home to the first
algae biofuel system that also cleans wastewater.
Because the entire traditional water treatment
process is excluded, algae growing is carbon-negative.
7.
Solar Windows
Every second, the sun bombards the Earth with
roughly 174 quadrillion watts of energy, and
we’re only just beginning to tap into that
immense power.
The problem with standard solar panels is
that they convert a maximum of only 20% of
the sun’s energy into electricity, all the
while being very costly in terms of production.
But recently, scientists from the University
of California have discovered how to make
solar panels transparent.
The material is a plastic-like substance which
is transparent in the normal light spectrum,
but is able to pick up infrared light.
Because it’s made of plastic, it’s relatively
cheap to manufacture compared to traditional
solar panels.
It can also double as an ordinary window in
someone’s house.
Every sun-bathed window in the world could
convert solar energy into electricity.
6.
Volcanic Electricity
A geothermal plant is like a coal plant without
the coal.
They both work on the principle of heating
water until it becomes steam, which in turn
runs turbines that produce electricity.
The difference is that instead of burning
coal, a geothermal plant will use the heat
of the Earth itself.
By drilling holes into the ground some two
to six miles deep, temperatures can reach
160 to 600 degrees F. Places with high volcanic
activity are ideal for this type of renewable
energy, since underground magma is much closer
to the surface and holes don’t have to be
dug so deep.
Iceland recently drilled a hole and hit a
pocket of magma by mistake.
They decided to pour water down the shaft
to see what happened.
What they witnessed was something record breaking
— steam gushed out at temperatures of above
842 F.
For comparison, steam generated at geothermal
plants usually hovers around 158 degrees F.
These traditional plants produce around 40
MW of energy, good for roughly 11,500 homes.
This discovery is still in its testing phase,
but this type of power could multiply the
amount of electricity produced by geothermal
plants tenfold.
5.
Betaray
We just discussed the vast amount of energy
the sun produces and the inefficiency of standard
solar panels.
Andre Broessel, a German architect, has come
up with a simple yet brilliant idea to increase
the energy output in photovoltaic cells.
By incorporating a liquid filled glass sphere
into the design of a solar panel, the energy
output is increased by 34%.
It’s fitted with a tracking device that’s
able to follow the sun on its daily migration
west, and the Betaray can also tap into the
sun’s rays on overcast days, producing four
times the energy of a normal solar panel.
It can even draw energy from the moon on clear
nights.
The device is specially designed to work for
individual houses or buildings, places with
limited space for solar panel deployment.
It can easily be fitted onto inclined surfaces
and curtain walls.
The project is still in its development stage,
but once finished it might change the look
of rooftops around the world.
4.
Viruses
A breakthrough took place at the Lawrence
Berkeley National Laboratory in California,
where scientists managed to create a virus
that can produce an electrical charge when
a material is mechanically deformed or stressed.
This material is made out of the engineered
M13 virus, which usually infects bacteria.
Long story short, it’s a device that transforms
a simple gesture like pushing a button or
sliding your finger on a screen into electricity.
Its practical applications are endless, with
many being used on wireless technologies like
mobile phones and laptops.
This development will most certainly make
other devices and appliances less dependent
on the power grid, and even become more portable
in the process.
What’s even greater is that this virus can
be sprayed on any surface, like the floor
or a chair, and then produce electricity when
it’s stimulated by movement or pressure.
But we won’t get too far ahead of ourselves
— in its current state, the maximum output
generated was a quarter of that of a triple-A
battery.
3.
Thorium
Thorium is a radioactive metal similar to
uranium, but it can produce 90 times more
energy at a fraction of the waste.
It’s also three to four times more abundant
in nature, and just one gram of the stuff
is equivalent to 7400 gallons of gas in terms
of energy.
Because of this, Connecticut’s LaserPowerSystems
Company has come up with a plan to create
a thorium based engine for cars.
By using a laser powered with only eight grams
of thorium to heat up water and generate steam,
a car can run for more than 100 years or one
million miles without the need to reful.
The engine only weighs around 500 pounds,
making it able to replace a standard vehicle’s
engine.
The greatest challenge is the fact that thorium
hasn’t proven its potential on a commercial
scale.
Because a focus was placed on uranium as the
prime nuclear fuel for the last 60 years,
thorium based reactors are a lot more expensive
to build.
And the science, while sound, is mostly theoretical.
2.
The “Impossible” Microwave Thruster
As the need to travel into space increases
in the coming decades, the technology of a
microwave powered thruster couldn’t have
come at a better time.
If viable, this technology could radically
change the design of future spacecraft, eliminating
the need to carry fuel.
With half of any given spacecraft’s mass
being fuel, this is a big deal.
This technology was labelled as impossible
since it defies Newton’s third law, the
law of momentum conservation.
This law states that in order to move forward,
an object must always leave something behind.
In this case, rocket fuel is being ejected
in order to propel a spacecraft.
But by making microwaves bounce off reflectors
inside a sealed chamber, scientists were able
to achieve thrust without the use of a propellant.
The idea was first exhibited in 2006 by scientist
Roger Shawyer.
It was again proven by a team of Chinese researchers
in 2012, but the science wasn’t taken seriously
since it went against fundamentals in physics.
Only in July 2014 was the idea accepted, thanks
to Guido Fetta from NASA.
Even now, scientists aren’t really sure
how it works, but they agree that it does.
It still has a long way to go, though — the
thrust generated wasn’t even enough to lift
a penny off a table.
1.
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
(ITER)
Nuclear power has been the most reliable source
of green energy we currently possess.
Setting aside tragic accidents and the fact
that it produces nuclear waste, this form
of energy doesn’t pollute the environment
nor cause any harm, if we’re careful.
Further development has generated some amazing
results, one of which is the Travelling Wave
Reactor, which is capable of producing electricity
from the waste left behind by traditional
nuclear reactors.
This technology could theoretically power
the entire United States for the next seven
centuries.
The real prize, however, is ITER.
It’s a project so important that China,
India, the EU, Japan, South Korea, the United
States and Russia have come together to make
it work.
It’s located in southern France, and it’s
the equivalent of building a sun in our own
backyard.
ITER will be able to replicate the processes
happening inside a star.
Unlike fission, where atoms are torn apart
to create energy, fusion binds two elements
to generate even more power.
This type of energy isn’t threatening, it
doesn’t produce waste, and it’s the closest
thing we could come to an endless source of
power based on our current understanding of
the universe.
With every 50 MW it needs to work it gives
500 MW in return, enough to power 130,000
homes.
The theoretical knowledge has been around
for decades, but the problem was in building
a reactor capable of withstanding temperatures
above 150 million degrees.
This will be achieved by using electromagnets
to keep the hot plasma away from the reactor’s
walls.
The project began way back in 1985, but only
in 2010 did the technology became available
to start construction.
Future predictions say that by the beginning
of the 2030s, ITER will begin its operations
and be integrated into the power grid as early
as 2040.
