
English: 
Greetings, Iacobos and Matthaios!
Everybody!  All think that their own laws/conventions are the finest, (that they) are better than the other ones.
We can make this clear in many ways and indeed also with the following story.

Modern Greek (1453-): 
ἀσπάζομαι Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ματθαῖον!
ὦ πάντες!  πάντες νομίζουσιν ὅτι οἱ νόμοι ἑαυτῶν εἰσι κάλλιστοι, εἰσὶν ἀμείνονες τῶν ἄλλων.
δυνάμεθα πολλοῖς τρόποις τοῦτο δηλοῦν, καὶ δὴ καὶ τῷδε μύθῳ.

English: 
Darius, the king of the Persians, once called some Greeks living in his country and asked,
"Oh Greeks, for what thing/price would you be willing to devour the corpses of your fathers?"
And the Greeks answered, "We shall never do this!  Not for any thing/price!"

Modern Greek (1453-): 
ὁ Δαρεῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Μήδων ποτὲ ἐκάλεσεν Ἕλληνας τινὰς οἰκοῦντας ἐν τῇ πατρίδι καὶ ἐρώτησε:
<<ὦ Ἕλληνες, τίνι χρήματι ἐθέλοιτε ἂν κατεσθίειν τοὺς νεκροὺς τῶν πατέρων
καὶ οἱ Ἕλληνες ἀπεκρίναντο, <<οὐδέποτε τοῦτο ποιήσομεν!  οὐδενὶ χρήματι!

Modern Greek (1453-): 
Διδάσκαλος: >
ὦ Ματθαῖε, ὀλίγοις λόγοις: τί έστιν ὁ βίος ὁ ἡμέτερος;
ὦ Ἰάκωβε, τίς εἰμὶ καὶ ποῦ ἐσμεν;
ἔπειτα δὲ ὁ Δαρεῖος ἐκάλεσε τοὺς Ἰνδοὺς τοὺς καλουμένους >, οἳ κατεσθίουσι τοὺς νεκροὺς τῶν πατέρων καὶ τῶν μητρῶν εὐσεβοῦντες
καὶ οἱ Ἕλληνες ἤκουσαν τοὺς λόγους μεταφραζομένους.

English: 
Teacher: "(We're now) in Australia". [Referring to upside down illustration.]
Oh Matthaios, in a few words: what is this life of ours?
Oh Iacobos, who am I and where are we?
Then Darius called the Indians called "Calliatae", who devour the corpses of their fathers and mothers as an act of pious ritual.
And the Greeks heard these speeches as they were being translated [by an interpreter].

Modern Greek (1453-): 
ὁ δὲ Δαρεῖος ἐρώτησε τοὺς Ἰνδοὺς, >
οἱ δὲ Ἰνδοὶ θόρυβον μέγαν ἐποίησαν καὶ ἐκέλευσαν αὐτὸν σιγᾶν καὶ τιμᾶν τοὺς θεούς.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ὁ Ἡρόδοτος εἶπεν ὅτι ὁ Πίνδαρος σοφός.  ὁ γὰρ Πίνδαρος ἔγραψεν: >

English: 
Now Darius asked the Indians, "Oh Indians, for what thing/price would you be willing to destroy the corpses of your fathers with fire?"
But the Indians made a great clamor and told him to hush and honor the gods [i.e., not to blaspheme].
After this Herodotus said that Pindar [great Greek poet] was wise.  For Pindar wrote: "Custom is king of all, both of gods and of men."

English: 
Now Darius would say, upon seeing these things, that there is not one law/custom for all (peoples).  The story (itself) on the other hand, truly teaches us that
both the Greeks and the Indians [in a sense] have one law [in common].  For both peoples honor their fathers and mothers [with some funeral rite].

Modern Greek (1453-): 
ὁ μὲν Δαρεῖος λέγοι ἂν, ταῦτα ἰδὼν, ὅτι μόνος νόμος οὐκ ἔστι πᾶσι.  ὁ δὲ μῦθος ἀληθῆ διδάσκει ἡμᾶς ὅτι
καὶ οἱ Ἕλληνες καὶ οἱ Ἰνδοὶ μόνον νόμον ἔχουσιν.  ἀμφότερα γὰρ γένη τιμῶσι τοὺς πατέρας καὶ τὰς μητέρας.

Modern Greek (1453-): 
νῦν ὑμεῖς βούλεσθε διέρχεσθαι σημασίας ἢ γραμματικήν;  τί;
ὦ Ματθαῖε, τί μέρος λόγου ἐστὶ >;
> ἐστὶ μετοχὴ τοῦ ἀορίστου χρόνου.
ὦ Ἰάκωβε, πῶς ἄλλως λέγοιμεν ἂν τὸ >;
τὸ > ἄλλως λέγεται >.
ἐπὶ τίνος πτώσεώς ἐστι...

English: 
Now do y'all want to treat meanings/definitions or grammar?
Oh Matthaios, what part of speech is "having called"?
"Having called" is a participle belonging to the aorist tense.
Oh Iacobos, how would we say differently "him [Ionic dialect/archaic]"?
The word "min" is said otherwise as "auton" ["him" Attic dialect].
In what case is...

Modern Greek (1453-): 
τίνος κλίσεώς ἐστι...τὸ >;
ἐπὶ τίνος πτώσεως;  τίς κλίσις;
τὸ >;  ἡ γενική.
κλίσις ἐστὶ >.
ἡ τρίτη.  >.
ἀλλ᾽ ἐπὶ τίνος πτώσεως;  ἐπὶ τῆς εὐθείας; γενικῆς;  δοτικῆς;
ἐπὶ τῆς γενικῆς.
ὦ Ἰάκωβε, τί μέρος λόγου ἐστὶ τὸ >;

English: 
Belonging to what declension is the word "Hellenon"?
[Are you asking] In what case?  What declension?
The word "Hellenon"?  The genitive.
Klisis is "declension".
The third.
But in what case?  In the nominative? gentive? dative?
In the genitive.
Oh Iacobos, what part of speech is the word "would want"?

English: 
The word "would want" is a verb.
Yes.  How could it not be?
Splendid, students!  Do you have more that want to say about the story, or not?
In this [text (Herodotus with Attic forms) which we prepared from] there was a genitive absolute.  Now [in the projected unadapted Herodotus text] I don't see it.
Perhaps it's in there but I don't see it.
Splendid!  Sufficient!
Oh, yes!  "With the Greeks being present".  Tell us!  What is that?

Modern Greek (1453-): 
τὸ > ἐστὶ ῥῆμα.
ναί.  πῶς γὰρ οὔ;
καλῶς, ὦ μαθηταί!  ἆρα ἔχετε πλέονα ἅττινα βούλεσθε λέγειν περὶ τοῦ μύθου ἢ οὔ;
ἐν τούτῳ [ὕφει] ἦν ἀπόλυτος γενική.  νῦν οὐχ ὁρῶ.
ἴσως ἔνεστιν ἀλλ᾽ οὐχ ὁρῶ.
καλῶς!  ἱκανόν!
ναί!  >.  λέγε!  τί ἐστιν;

Modern Greek (1453-): 
ἡ ἀπόλυτος γενική.
ἡ ἀπόλυτος γενική ἐστι > ὥσπερ Ῥωμαϊστὶ >.
ἡ ἀπόλυτος (ἀπὸ τοῦ ῥήματος >) γενική.  καλῶς!  ἱκανόν!  χάριν ὑμῖν ἔχω!  κάλλιστα ἐποιήσατε!

English: 
The genitive absolute.
The genitive absolute is "genitīvus absolūtus" just like in Latin "ablative absolute".
The "set loose genitive" (from the verb "to set loose").  Beautifully!  Sufficient!  Thank you!  You did most beautifully!
