hey guys it's Greg with Apple explained
and today I want to do a full
read-through of this design book
published by Apple in 2016 it's titled
designed by Apple in California and
showcases the company's history with 450
product photos spanning from 1998 to
2015
it was sold in two sizes small and large
which carried price tags of two hundred
and three hundred dollars now that may
seem steep for what's essentially a
picture book but they do feature some
premium elements for example a custom
linen hardcover sourced from a textile
company in Germany and a proprietary
type of paper called Apple specific
heaven 42 plus the metallic edge
coloring gives the book a sophisticated
finish that resembles the aluminum of
mini apple products now before we
actually get into the book itself I do
want to mention that this documentation
was included with the book it says
designed by Apple in California on the
front and inside you'll notice that
there are notes for each page so as I'm
flipping through this book I will be
reading these notes so you understand
what it is you're looking at because
some of the images can be hard to
understand if you don't have the context
so let's get started
here is an introduction by Johnny I've
this is the index which lists all the
products featured in the book and their
corresponding page number and next we
have the chronology which is each year
with each product listed underneath so
here it starts off with the first
generation iMac released in 1998 but
there aren't any notes for this page it
actually starts off with the iMac in
1999 which was the second generation
model the iMac form was driven by its
primary component the 15-inch blown
glass cathode ray tube the level of
translucency in the housing was achieved
by mixing light diffusing particles as
part of the polymer composition rather
than by the traditional method of
applying texture to the tool a fanless
convection cooled architecture unifies
the top vents with the handle in a
single injection molded polished crystal
polycarbonate part a simple ball and
socket joint adjust the screen angle
between 0 and 4 degrees light diffusing
particles within the resin act as a
pacifiers defining the soft translucency
of the snow iMac housing the flowerpower
graphic was fused directly into the
polycarbonate shell during the molding
process
here's the iBook which was released in
1999
it says translucent durable polyurethane
was molded over the textured
polycarbonate housing encapsulated
within polycarbonate resin a diecast
metal core forms the retractable handle
here is the Apple Cinema Display the 22
inch model released in 1999 in contrast
to traditional molding practices a
variable thickness transparent
polycarbonate was molded in a mirror
polished 420 HH hardened stainless steel
tool this clear enclosure suspends a
steel module that houses the 610 aspect
ratio LCD
here's the Power Mac g4 cube released in
2000 the entire computer is suspended
within a clear acrylic enclosure to
enable a quiet convection cooled
architecture hot air exhausts from the
chimney on the top surface
these are the Apple Cube speakers
included with the Power Mac g4 cube this
is the Apple Pro Mouse released in 2000
a singular bubble of polycarbonate
supports the hand and acts as the button
click forces adjustable via a rotating
dial surrounding the tracking optics
this is the I Sub mm subwoofer that was
included with the Power Mac g4 cube also
this is the Power Mac g4 released in
2001 the side panel of the back painted
polycarbonate enclosure is completely
removable allowing access to internal
components the variable thickness
polycarbonate eliminates the need for
structural ribs in the handles this is
the titanium PowerBook g4 released in
2001 the size of the product is
comparatively efficient given the large
15 point 2 inch 3:2 aspect ratio LCD
which occupies approximately 90% of the
footprint form sheets of 0.4 millimeter
grade one titanium with its high
strength-to-weight ratio
enable a thin lightweight enclosure an
injection molded carbon filled PC ABS
resin frame is bonded to the inner
titanium enclosure to provide structure
and torsional rigidity this is the
original iPod released in 2001 the rear
housing is made from a single sheet of
formed and polished 304 stainless steel
with laser etched graphics molding a
double shot of white PC ABS under clear
polycarbonate achieved visual depth and
provided protection for the display
without requiring extra parts a
free-spinning mechanical scroll wheel is
surrounded by for transport control
buttons
a Delrin handle was used for hand
polishing the stainless steel iPod
housing against multiple polishing
wheels that rotated at 3300 rpm this
process resulted in a mirror finish with
an average roughness of only 60
nanometers this is the iMac g4 released
in 2002 the hemispherical base is molded
in clear plastic polycarbonate back
painted white and then finished with a
matte hard coat a cold forged 50 52 H 32
spun aluminum base provides access to
memory and the airport wireless
networking card the counterbalance
display neck passes through the center
of the ventilation system and uses
Springs and pulleys to offset the effect
of gravity making the display feel
weightless this is the eMac released in
2002 it was exclusively available to
education partners
this is the third generation iPod
released in 2003 the capacitive scroll
wheel is situated under transport
control buttons which are double-shot
injection molded and backlit with a
light pipe
this is the PowerBook g4 the 12 and 17
inch models released in 2003 formed 50
52 aluminum alloy made a lightweight
enclosure possible the surface of the
enclosure is blasted with iron powder
and then anodized to a thickness of 12
microns the footprint of the 12-inch
model is informed by the width of its
full-sized keyboard the painted silver
keys on the 17 inch model are backlit
using fiber optics that were laid in a
sheet and then coiled into a bundle with
an LED at the end holes in the speaker
grille were drilled by six drills
simultaneously 60-63 aluminium alloy was
extruded to a near net shape than
machined to create the frame this
provides structure for the large 17 inch
LCD and helps transfer the load from the
clutches in the base all the way up
through the display enclosure to
counterbalance the 17 inch display and
provide fluid operating and closing the
springs and clutch were gun drilled
through the center and helical egh round
this is the iSight camera released in
2003 perforations in the deep drawn
aluminum enclosure tube were rotary
punched and fine blanked to achieve the
maximum amount of open area for
ventilation
this is the Power Mac g5 released in
2003 a fully perforated aluminum core
maximizes airflow to cool internal
components 50/50 to aluminum was die-cut
enrolled to form the sidewall with
integrated handles bosses were welded to
the inside of the sidewall to eliminate
the need for visible fasteners this is
the Power Mac g5 release in 2003
designed for flexibility over time the
Power Mac g5 interior evolved with each
generation to optimize performance
expansion and efficiency while retaining
the same basic exterior structure this
is the Apple Wireless Keyboard released
in 2003 the polycarbonate base houses
batteries at the rear providing an
ergonomic 6 degree tilt the full-size 9
millimeter pinch keyboard has ABS keys
with three point five millimeters of
travel and laser marked legends to
enable localization for 31 regions this
is the iBook g4 released in 2003 the
enclosure houses a 12.1 inch TFT XG a
active-matrix LCD a full-size keyboard
and a trackpad that supports double tap
and drag battery level indicator LEDs
are concealed behind a thin layer of
polycarbonate this is the 45 watt power
adapter released in 2003 for the iBook
opaque white polycarbonate shells were
ultrasonically welded to create a strong
safe enclosure retractable gull wings
provide built-in cable management
this is the iPod mini released in 2004
dyes were added to the anodizing process
of the 60-63 aluminum enclosure prior to
sealing the internal components were
then assembled in the direction of the
extrusion the capacitive click wheel
includes integrated transport controls
the iPod mini also included a belt clip
in a lanyard this is the iPod in ear
headphones in case released in 2004 thin
interchangeable compression molded
silicon tips form a tight seal enabling
the small directional driver this is the
20 inch cinema display released in 2004
a single sheet of 5052 aluminum was
rolled to create the enclosure the
double shot molded polycarbonate and
thermoplastic elastomer end cap was
compressed inside the enclosure during
assembly to ensure a consistent reveal
with its details machined in its flat
state 50/50 to aluminum was then rolled
into the shape of the display foot this
thin foot provides enough strength to
support the 20 and 23 inch LCDs
and this photo features the iPod aboard
space shuttle Endeavour this is the iMac
g5 released in 2004 the entire computer
is contained within the LCD enclosure
this is the iMac g5 with eyesight
released one year later in 2005 the
hinge concealed behind the back panel
allows negative 5 to 25 degrees of tilt
text was machined and back painted from
the inside of the panel with clear shot
over-the-top perforations in the
anodized 50:52 aluminum provide
ventilation and act as a stereo speaker
grille the hybrid abs and synthetic
rubber foot provides stability against
vibration by dampening the resonant
frequency of the computer itself both
the bezel and back cover were made from
double-shot injection molded parts clear
polycarbonate exterior white opaque PC
abs interior the core inside the iMac
bezel tool shows the runner system and
ejector blocks
these are the ipod socks accessory
released in 2004 this is the iPod
shuffle released in 2005 a double-shot
mold created a seamless 5 sided box this
houses solid-state memory resulting in a
product that's just over one cubic inch
in volume no display an integrated USB
connector and a 3-way shuffle switch
contribute to the simplicity of the
design the iPod shuffle also featured a
sport case this is the iPod Nano
released in 2005 the smooth finish of
the polycarbonate surface was achieved
by mere polishing the tool in a 9-step
process from polishing stone to Diamond
paste this is the 5th generation iPod
with its a leather case released in 2005
a light pole of the ribbon at the top of
this formed Italian leather case reveals
the full iPod display the white screen
320 by 240 pixel resolution LCD is
optimised for photos and video
this is the iPod hi-fi released in 2006
an optical alignment system ensured
precise positioning of the speaker
grille fabric and the frame sealed
double wall enclosure with separate
chambers in front panel isolation for
280 millimeter mid-range drivers enables
a maximum sound pressure level of a
hundred and eight decibels at one meter
this is the 13-inch MacBook released in
2006 the radio transparent enclosure is
made from a glossy polycarbonate outer
shell with PC abs palm rest and display
bezel interruptions in the surface of
the enclosure were minimized through the
use of a magnetic latch list design a
wept keyboard design creates a more
rigid structure around the keys to
provide a more stable typing platform
this is the second generation iPod Nano
released in 2006 this is the second
generation iPod shuffle released in 2006
the enclosure was machined from all five
sides for a precise fit and offset for
the small components the mechanism of
the integrated clip is concealed within
the housing this is the second
generation of in-ear headphones released
in 2007 the PC abs case holds different
sizes of interchangeable compression
molded silicon ear tips
and this is the original iPhone released
in 2007 the spline on the 50 52 aluminum
alloy housing for every iPhone was
custom fit to the unique shape of each
304 stainless steel bezel an antenna
concept test model wrapped in copper
tape to simulate the conductive
materials in the final design the black
radio transparent plastic antenna window
removed to reveal the final antenna
layout the round stainless steel back of
the Apple logo was mounted inside the
rear housing the vibration motor was
mounted in the upper left corner the
main assembly includes the camera
Faraday cage logic board lithium-ion
polymer battery and antenna six stages
of the process used to create the
aluminum housing including the initial
forming stage stamping to create the
antenna window logo punching and audio
jack tunnel extrusion CNC machining bead
blasting and anodizing and finally this
is the iPhone after years of abuse
these are the iPhone headphones released
in 2007 which was included with your
original iPhone surfaces in the
injection mold cavity our CNC machined
into stainless steel and diamond
polished to a mirror finish the mold
slides open to release the finished part
cleanly this is the iMac released in
2007 the 5052 h 32 aluminum alloy
enclosure was forged
then machined on all six sides to yield
crisp square edges with a high quality
finish soda-lime cover glass forms a
flush surface with the enclosure the
keyboard housing was machined from the
waste material of the iMac blanking
process and this was the Apple keyboard
included with that iMac this is the
third generation iPod Nano released in
2007 the front enclosure was cold forged
50/50 to aluminum alloy the rear
enclosure is formed in polished 304
stainless steel this is the original
iPod Touch released in 2007 the
stainless steel rear enclosure was
polished then laser-cut to provide
precise openings for the antenna the
robust aluminum trim fits flush against
the glass without the need for a
protective bumper
this is the iPod Classic released in
2007 this is the original MacBook Air
released in 2008 an integrated battery
1.8 inch hard drive and machined top
case made it possible to include a
full-size keyboard and a 13.3 inch
display in a product that was only 0.8
inches thick and weighted just three
pounds this is the iPhone 3G released in
2008 the 304 stainless steel bezel and
polycarbonate back housing were bonded
to create one continuous form the
display module was hooked into one end
of the rear housing where it
electrically connects to the internal
components only two screws were then
required to secure the other end of the
two-part enclosure four stages of the
production process the back cover was
injection molded with a semi translucent
polycarbonate and machined to
accommodate the internal components then
back painted to produce a smooth glossy
deep exterior finish thereafter a thin
layer of aluminum was sputtered onto the
surface of the rear housing and the
excess material was a laser ablated away
leaving only the logo and graphics for
progressive stages in the forging and
machining processes from the raw forging
of the 304 stainless steel slug to the
final polishing of the bezel this is the
second generation iPod Touch released in
2008 to achieve a singular continuous
design the rear housing was formed with
a collapsible core that wraps around
toward the front surface this is the LED
cinema display released in 2008 the
internal components are held in place by
a steel bracket that was formed with a
200-ton press and
bonded to the forged aluminum enclosure
a single pane of soda-lime glass covers
the entire front surface of the display
this is the updated 27 inch LED Cinema
Display released in 2010 the entire
50/50 to aluminum alloy enclosure was
forged as one part and machined to a
tolerance that allows it to sit flush
with the edges of the front glass this
is the 13-inch MacBook Pro released in
2008 removable 12.5 inch hard drive in
lithium ion battery enclosure the flush
door reveal was achieved by using pairs
of neodymium magnets a two position
lever mechanically releases the door
freeing it from the attraction of the
magnets to provide access to the battery
and hard drive these are all the parts
used to assemble a macbook pro the
unibody top case was extruded from a
single billet of 60-63 aluminum both the
external form and the internal details
including structural ribs and bosses for
supporting components were machined from
this one piece of aluminum this is the
third-generation iPod shuffle released
in 2009 the enclosure was manufactured
from both extruded aluminum and forged
stainless steel the metal injection
molded hinge was welded to a stainless
steel clip and lapped to a mere polish
this is the iMac released in 2009
Bluetooth cantenna
allow wireless connection and eliminate
the need for cables between the iMac and
its keyboard trackpad and mouse this is
the Magic Mouse released in 2009 a
capacitive flex on the underside of the
back painted polycarbonate top case
enables multi-touch gestures a door in
the pressed aluminum rear housing
provides access to two rechargeable
double-a batteries this is the 13-inch
MacBook released in 2009 the core of the
tool that created the injection molded
top case was made from five
independently moving pieces of steel the
core collapse to create undercuts that
allowed the side surfaces to be rolled
at a constant wall thickness the bottom
case is made from thermoplastic
elastomer molded over a stamped aluminum
sheet this keeps the notebook stable on
a surface without the need for separate
rubber feet this is the fifth generation
iPod Nano released in 2009 the enclosure
was created from an extrusion of
machined 60-63 aluminum alloy that was
polished and anodized the surface was
then polished further to achieve the
final surface finish
this is the original iPad released in
2010 the rear enclosure was created by
cold and hot foraging 50 52 aluminum
alloy the logo was machined from Radio
transparent abs to enhance wireless
performance this is the iPhone 4
released in 2010 the enclosure is made
of alumina silicate glass and 304
stainless steel manufactured using three
parts the forged stainless steel bezel
acts as both the major structural
element and the antenna the three parts
were held in a fixture to enable
machining of the internal details and to
establish the datum planes datums
precisely aligned the parts in a second
fixture to ensure consistent antenna
performance the second fixture acted as
part of the insert mould tool and held
the part while its external surfaces
were ground these custom-designed
high-performance tungsten carbide
cutting tools were used to manufacture
the iPhone 4 bezel Apple co-developed a
chemically strengthened aluminum
silicate glass for the iPhone for
numerous tests were conducted to measure
its strength and durability including a
4-point bend test
these are the iPhone 4 bumper cases
released in 2010 a frame of PC PBT resin
is double-shot molded with a flexible
TPS IV surround the 304 stainless steel
buttons were machined and blasted to
align both cosmetically and physically
with the iPhone buttons this is the Mac
Mini released in 2010 several stages of
machining the top and bottom of the Mac
Mini unibody enclosure from a single
extruded billet of 60-63 aluminum a
custom-designed
tea cutter enabled the removal of the
maximum amount of material to ensure
that all internal components could fit
inside a single unibody enclosure this
is the 2010 model iPod Nano and iPod
shuffle this is the 4th generation iPod
Touch released in 2010 the Wi-Fi and
Bluetooth antenna was designed to
receive and transmit radio signals
through the front glass eliminating the
need for a radio transparent antenna
window on the stainless steel back
housing this is the 2nd generation Apple
TV released in 2010 semi translucent
back painted polycarbonate provides
infrared transparency to receive remote
signals without requiring an infrared
window the glossy polycarbonate
enclosure was masked on top then screen
printed with a matte ink to reveal the
logo this is the second-generation Apple
remote released in 2010 to maintain as
much of the solid aluminum extrusion as
possible a custom-designed tea cutter
was used to cut a single channel that
connects the infrared window the
transport control button cavities and
the battery cavity
this is the second generation MacBook
Air released in 2010 three key
technologies enabled the thinness of the
enclosure the display cell and backlight
were integrated into the display housing
to eliminate parts solid-state memory
instead of a mechanical hard drive
increases both performance and
robustness and variable size battery
cells optimized the amount of battery
chemistry per square inch this is the
iPad 2 released in 2011 a machined 60-63
aluminum alloy unibody design with 0.6
millimeter glass enabled an 8 point 8
millimeter thick enclosure the machined
internal contour of the enclosure
allowed more room for three frameless
battery packs this is the iPad 2 Smart
Cover released in 2011 magnets in the
iPad 2 housing moved toward the outside
of the enclosure when the Smart Cover is
attached but recess when the cover is
detached in order to mitigate flux
magnets embedded within the polyurethane
covered fiberglass panel at the end of
the smart cover wake and sleep the
display by means of a Hall effect which
senses the presence or absence of a
magnetic field this is the leather Smart
Cover after years of use this is the
Retina 15-inch MacBook Pro released in
2012 the glass of the LCD cell covers
the entire front surface of the display
enclosure eliminating the need for cover
glass this makes the product thinner and
lighter this is a macbook pro undergoing
a torsion test to ensure peak
performance the thermal architecture
incorporates side vents that take in
cool air and route it to custom-designed
asymmetrical fin fans which operate
quietly while still maximizing air flow
this is the second-generation MagSafe
power adapter used in 2012 the extruded
60 63 aluminum housing contains a light
pipe LED indicator inside are five
gold-plated pogo pins concealed within a
magnetic stainless steel attraction
plate these are Apple earpods released
in 2012 hundreds of prototype models
were tested on more than 600 people to
obtain more than 500 measurements this
combined with additional economic data
from more than 10,000 people contributed
to the design of an earpiece defined by
the geometry of the ear itself the
complex shape of the product required
one tool that performed 56 actions on
one earpiece alone optical measurement
systems then precisely aligned the
housing and the cap together to achieve
tolerances of less than 2 microns
between parts and a comfortable fit in
the ear this is the 7th generation iPod
Nano released in 2012 the 60-63 aluminum
unibody enclosure was double anodized
the first process increased hardness and
durability the second provided the high
shine and distinctness of image of the
diamond-cut chamfers this is the 5th
generation iPod Touch with loop released
in 2012 the CD finished stainless steel
button was machined with a tungsten
carbide cutter the button pops out from
the back surface to accommodate the
kevlar strengthened polyurethane covered
loop this is the 27-inch iMac released
in 2012 a combination of friction stir
welding and machining was used to create
a single seamless joint between the
front display chin and the rear of the
housing
the cover glass was fully laminated to
the LED backlit display in order to
reduce reflection originally developed
to mount battery pouches in the MacBook
an adhesive foam combination was used to
bond the glass and display to the
housing additionally a special tool was
manufactured to D bond the display from
the housing to access internal
components this is the iPhone 5s
released in 2013 the home button is a
thin 0.2 millimeter piece of sapphire
crystal surrounded by a stainless-steel
ring the capacitance of the ring
triggers the touch ID sensor when it
comes into contact with a fingertip the
thinness of the crystal enhances the
sensors ability to read a fingerprint
the shiny chamfers on the edge of the
enclosure were anodized using lower
voltage to achieve a 7 micron oxide
layer that enhances clarity the finish
of every chamfered edge on the unibody
enclosure was created using a
custom-made cutter of monocrystalline
diamond that had been braised to a
tungsten carbide shaft and then inserted
into a large cutter body of lightweight
aluminum the spindle of the cutter was
hand-built
and hand fitted to maintain precise
balance and stability each diamond
lasted ten thousand cuts and was
resharpen din reused five times this is
the iPhone 5s leather case released in
2013
there were eight steps in the process to
form the iPhone 5s leather case
including skiving the leather to a
thinness of 0.4 millimeters
die cutting the leather wrapping the
leather around the polycarbonate shell
and in laying the microfiber lining this
is the iPhone 5c case released in 2013
compression molded silicon over a nylon
insert was inlaid with micro fiber which
was then precisely laser-cut to align
with the openings on the exterior this
is the iPad Mini released in 2012 the
entire back housing was lapped to a
mirror finish and the logo shape was
then masked between the first and second
stage of the double anodizing process
the mask was removed revealing the logo
the five flute right-hand helix
tungsten-carbide profile cutter used to
machine both the flat dome and the
spline profiles to ensure perfect
alignment of the enclosure this is the
iPad Mini Smart Cover released in 2013
both the magnets and the hinge are
integrated into the soft polyurethane
exterior
this is the iPad air smart case also
released in 2013 this is the Mac Pro
released in 2013 a cylindrical single
fan thermal architecture allows air
intake through the bottom vents and
exhaust through the top fins cooling the
chips on the logic board as air moves
upward an accelerometer activates
backlighting on the i/o ports when the
mac pro is turned or lifted four dims of
RAM are accessible via a four bar
linkage the 60-63 aluminum housing was
robotic Li buffed using a fine particle
abrasive compound bringing the surface
roughness down to an average roughness
of less than 20 nanometers the buffing
wheels were stitched in Germany using
cotton grown and sourced from a single
mill in Pakistan these are the six steps
in the process of manufacturing the
macro housing including impact extrusion
of the solid nine inch 60-63 aluminum
billet heat treating and quenching to
optimize the grain structure turning on
a lathe using custom cutters and
anodizing this is the iPhone 6 and
6-plus released in 2014
the machined and lapped stainless steel
logo is inserted flush with the back
housing and coated with titanium nitride
for color gloss and hardness this is the
iPad air 2 released in 2014
the graphics were laser etched with a
fiber laser to achieve fine a resolution
in high contrast this is the Apple watch
released in 2015 this is the Apple watch
sport also released in 2015 the 7000
series aluminum is polished to a mirror
finish using a 4 axis force feedback
wheel then blasted with a zirconium
media to create a consistent satin
texture anodizing adds a hard clear
aluminum oxide layer to protect the case
from scratches and corrosion the sport
band soft yet durable and highly
chemical resistant floor elastomer is
compression molded in a process that
takes twice as long as typical injection
molding but results in a stronger denser
polymer made from 316l stainless steel
cold forged to increase its hardness by
80% the case is machined in a 12 station
multi access CNC milling machine then
polished to a mirror finish using a
custom-designed for access force
feedback wheel the Milanese loop is made
from coils of 0.5 millimeter diameter
magnetic stainless steel wire and each
coil is optically aligned in precisely
laser welded the back crystal is made by
sintering zirconia in a high-temperature
oven
once the zirconia has cooled a CNC
machine Mills the complex features using
diamond grit cutters the sapphire lenses
are then incorporated and the entire
back is polished to a surface roughness
of only 3 nanometers ensuring
seamlessness between the zirconia and
the sapphire the text surrounding the
crystal is laser
engraved using a picosecond laser the
taptic engine is a highly efficient
magnetically stabilized actuator using
neodymium magnets high density tungsten
alloys and precision bearings this
actuator creates haptic taps informed by
analog waveforms
finely tuned to produce a range of
expressions from delicate to organic to
mechanical to create the space black
stainless steel case in links bracelet
a multi-layered diamond like carbon
coating is applied using physical vapor
deposition in a high vacuum process this
prototype development board used for
testing performance and behavior shows
the s1 system and package back crystal
digital crown and display the force
touch sensor is made from several layers
of polymide copper electrodes silicone
and adhesive molded into ultra thin
sheets that serve as a capacitor it
senses the deflection of the front
crystal relative to the housing and can
measure deflections of less than one
micron the digital crown has an 8 pixel
optical sensor that provides 200
discrete positions per rotation the
stainless steel grooves are individually
machined with a point two millimeter T
cutter then buffed to remove sharp edges
fluro elastomer rings seal the crown
from water intrusion Apple grows
extremely high quality single crystal
sapphire ingots called bowels
over two weeks the front crystal is
sliced from the bowel using a
diamond-encrusted cutting wire then cut
ground polished and laser ablated to
create the final geometry
the result is an incredibly precise
optically clear scratch resistant
crystal
this is the Apple watch edition released
in 2015
custom designed and engineered to
preserve its color and hue while making
it up to twice as hard as traditional
cast gold the gold alloy used for the
Apple watch Edition is cast into thick
in goths then heat treated and
compressed to multiple times to yield
dense pore free billets of incredibly
strong 18 karat gold the modern buckles
magnetic clasp contains 24 magnet pieces
in seven polls the clasp closes
magnetically and opens when the side
buttons are depressed wedging apart the
buckle with mushroom heads to shift the
position of the magnets from attraction
to repulsion this is the Hermes Edition
Apple watch also released in 2015 this
unique partnership comprises leather
straps handmade by Hermes artisans in
France and an Hermes watch face
reinterpreted by Apple designers in
California this is the MacBook released
in 2015 the full-size webbed keyboard
has a 19 millimeter pitch and point five
millimeters of travel a butterflied
mechanism allows for a stable responsive
key that occupies less vertical space
the force touch trackpad incorporates
pressure sensors and a taptic engine
under its capacitive glass surface
terrorists lithium polymer battery cells
and the contoured 60-63 aluminum
enclosure were developed together in
order to maximize battery capacity
without compromising the structural
integrity of the bottom case to ensure
precise placement the enclosure and
battery cells were photographed using
high-speed cameras
this is the iPad pro and smart Keyboard
released in 2015 an external layer of
woven polyester fabric seals and
protects the keys and provides a quiet
controlled feel when pressed an inner
layer of specially designed conductive
fabric allows data and power to pass
between the smart connector in the
keyboard and is robust enough to
withstand thousands of cycles of folding
and unfolding embedded magnets ensure
precise alignment as the keyboard snaps
into each of its operating positions
this is the Apple pencil released in
2015 the fine tip of the Apple pencil
works with a redesigned multi-touch
architecture in the iPad pro to
triangulate its location within a single
pixel a secondary beacon slightly above
the tip allows the iPad pro to calculate
the relative angle of the Apple pencil
to the iPad pro simultaneously the
strain gauge measures tip pressure to
within one gram of resolution
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