Alright ninja nerds! Today we're going
to go into the anatomy of the skull.
Alright so, if you look right here,
there's this actual suture running right
here this suture is called the frontal
or the coronal suture. It's basically
separating the frontal bone from the two
parietal bones here. Okay, then we have
this suture running right here, right
down the middle. This is called the mid
sagittal suture, where you can actually
just call the sagittal suture. Here's our
sagittal suture and separating the two
parietal bones here. I'm going to flip it
over here and if you look over here,
we're going to have this other suture
running right here in the back, this is
called the lambdoid suture right here.
This is what basically separates the
parietal bones from the occipital bone.
Then if we come over here, on the other
side we look here, let me fix this for
you guys, this right here is going to be
called the squamous suture.
So this is our squamous suture right
here, separating the parietal bone from
the temporal bones. Alright so, now that
we covered out those sutures, this is
going to kind of help us to
differentiate what's separating the
parietal bones from some of these bones
that we talked about. Let's go ahead and
talk about the front of them. So here is
our frontal bone right here, if we look
at the front of them there's a couple
different structures I want to talk
about. If you know these guys right here,
these are your orbits. Alright so
that's what holds the actual eye right?
Then if I kind of like scrape the
surface here, right above the orbit
scrape that surface, that's called the
supraorbital margins right. So I'm
scraping the surface here is a super
orbital margin. If you look, it's right
here in this part here there's like a
little notch, that's called the super
orbital notch or foramen, okay. Then if I
kind of like look here, there's these
lumpy parts here on the frontal bone.
There's hollow cavities behind this area
here, it's called the frontal sinus and
the frontal sinuses on both sides
here. They're going to be paranasal
sinuses, which means that they drain into
the nasal cavity, alright. Then if you
look right here, just this surface right
here, this is called the glabella, okay. So
we have the glabella, supraorbbital
margins, supraorbital notch, orbits and
get the frontal sinuses. Inside the skull,
we're going to have this big like little
fossa, this divot and this divot
right here, it's called the anterior
cranial fossa.
Alright so that covers the frontal bone.
So within the frontal bone we've already
covered those structures, now let's go
ahead and move over and let's go look at
the occipital bone. I'm going to put this
cap back on here, okay. If I look here on
the occipital bone, there's this
structure right here. If you look here,
it's kinda like a nice big bump called
the external occipital protuberance, so
this nice big bump right here it's
called the external occipital
protuberance. Now, I'm going to come in
here. There's these little lines right
above the external occipital
protuberance moving laterally from that
point, this is called the superior nuchal
line, alright superior nuchal line. These
nice little articulating surfaces here
called the occipital condyles, called the occipital condyles, so they articulate with the
articulating surfaces of Atlas. Now what
I'm going to do is, there's a nice little
hole here, I'm going to show you if you
look there and I'm going to kind of show
it like that. That right there is going
to be called the hypoglossal canal. Where
that pipe cleaner is going, so the pipe
cleaner that's running right through
that hole is going to be called the
hypoglossal canal, for the hypoglossal
nerve runs through, alright.
If you look here, there's going to be
like a little divot here, okay. This is
called the condylar fossa. It's called a
condylar fossa right there, this little
divot right there. Then there's a little
hole, the little hole called the condylar
canal okay. So the condylar canal right
in there. Alright now, that we covered
those bases of the occipital bone,
let's go ahead and move over here to
the temporal bone. So if you remember,
temporal bone has that squamous suture
right there, right? Now this breast like
process is going to be called the
mastoid process. The mastoid process and
inside the mastoid process you're going
to have a hollow cavity which
accumulates the mucous and that's going
to be hollow a hollow cavity. It's going
to called the mastoid sinus and
this is not paranasal, so it doesn't
drain into the nasal cavity. This right
here, this little hole here, that's your
external acoustic or your auditory
meatus, right? So external acoustic meatus,
right? That guy right there. Now, I'm going
to flip it over, but if you look over
here, I got this little like stylus
looking thing, looks
kind of like a little point that's
called the styloid process, right there.
It's called the styloid process. Then
there's a hole, I'm going to poke in
here. Right in between these two, if you
look this is the mastoid process, that's
your styloid process, the hole right
between these guys which is called the
styloid-mastoid foramen for the facial
nerve runs out there. Okay, now a couple
other things I want to talk about before
we move on. This little process coming off
the temporal bone is going to be called
the zygomatic process of the temporal
bone. Over here we got the zygomatic bone
right there. Right so, here's our
zygomatic bone. there's a process that
comes off of the zygomatic bone and
that's called the temporal process. So if
you look at it, we have the temporal
process of the zygomatic bone and the
zygomatic process of the temporal bone and
they form the zygomatic arch right. And
then one more thing, I'm going to pull
this mandible out. If you look this
little jelly cover thing right here,
this is actually called the actual
temporal fossa or the mandibular fossa.
Right so this is where the actual
mandibular condyle, they stick into the
mandibular fossa right there, and they
form the TMJ joint, the temporal
mandibular joint right. So here we got in
there, again you get that mandibular
fossa right alright. So that covers
that part, but that's important now what
I want to do is, I want to go ahead and
look inside the skull. So if you look
here, this guy right here
we're going to look at the ethmoid bone.
Right here, this guy right here is called
the crista galli of the ethmoid bone. So
it's one of these little shark fin like
structures that pop-out up into the
cranial cavity. So this is called the
crista galli. There's a plate, right here
right here, where I'm poking right there
and that's where the olfactory foramina,
which is these little holes, for the
olfactory nerves run out through. This
plate which has the olfactory
foramina on them is going to be called
the cribriform plate, right. Now again,
there's a little olfactory foramen on
where the olfactory nerves run up
through okay. Then we already told you
that this was the anterior cranial fossa.
Now if you look here, there's a little
fang like things right there. Right,
these little fang like structures are
going to be called the anterior glenoid
processes, anterior glenoid processes.
Alright, and then if you look right
here,
I'm going to kind of make a
circle here.
I make a whole circle, this whole circle
that I'm making is going to be making up,
what's called the sella turcica of the
sphenoid bone. And The sella turcica means
turkish saddle, so if you look here where
like someone would put their butt inside
the saddle, this is called the hypophyseal
fossa.
That's where the pituitary gland sits. Then
we have what is actually I was called the dorsum sella,
which is here in the back and then you
get the tuberculom sella, which is in
the front. And then right here, we have
this wing here, it's kind of like the
left wing, it's the small one right so
this right here is going from here to here
that I'm scraping over, this is the
lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. We'll
show you in another video, the sphenoid bone individually. But this right
here, coming out from this side and this
side, here this is the greater wing. So
greater wing here, greater wing there
right. And if you look here, I'm going to poke a
hole right through here, I'm actually
gonna use a pipe cleaner. I put a hole
right through that ,that is actually
called the optic canal. Ill show you from
the front. So there's going to be called
the optic canal and that is where the
optic nerve, cranial nerve two comes through. This one is actually going to
be called a superior orbital fissure
alright. And it's better seen in the
orbit, so I want to flip around here so
you can see it there.
So there's actually going to be the
superior orbital fissure. Alright, that's
your superior orbital fissure. A lot of
nerves run through that hole, alright.
Now we're going to cover a couple more
foramen here. So if you look here, I'm
going to try to angle this right here,
there's a hole right here, this is called
the foramen rotundum. It's called the
foramen rotundum.
And I'm going to go down a little bit
more there's another one, it's a little
more oval-shaped, this one is called the
foramen ovale.
Then I'm going to move it over here a
little bit more laterally, it's right
next to the foramen ovale, it's
called the foramen spinosum.
Okay this one's actually another one
over here, you can see the foramen
spinosum. It's a little bit better right
there okay. That's a foramen spinosum
right here, there's another hole that
runs through here, that's actually called
the foramen lacerum, the foramen
lacerum, right there. Then there's another hole,
I'm going to kind of turn it up so you
guys can see it, it's called the carotid
canal or the internal carotid artery
runs through. So you've got the carotid
canal over here and all this region
right here kind of like this hill region
is called the petrous region of the
temporal bone on the backside here. We
got the internal acoustic or auditory
meatus right here, we got the internal
acoustic or auditory meatus right there.
Then if I work right here, this guy right
there is actually called the jugular
foramen.
That's our jugular foramen and then this
one is obviously the foramen magnum for
the spinal cord, the brainstem in the
spinal cord run out right. Alright, then
if I'm going to scoop all these guys out,
let's pretend I take an ice cream scoop
again, so I scoop out this part here
scoop out this part here. This is called
the middle cranial fossa, just like this
one is the anterior cranial fossa, this
is the middle cranial fossa and this
whole thing back here is the posterior
cranial fossa. Alright, so that pretty
much covers the structures that we're
going to talk about inside the skull.
Alright, so now we're going to do is going
to focus on some of these bones over
here. So if you look here, these are nasal
bones, we have two of them.
We already show you a little bit of the
orbit, but I want to show you two more
things of the orbits. So, in the orbit
there is another
slit-like structure because we had the
superior orbital fissure. There's one
that's actually going to be a little bit
lower and that's called the inferior
orbital fissure okay. We get a
superior orbital fissure and
then we got the inferior orbital fissure. The another structure I want to show you
is this one right here and this is actually gonna be called the
lacrimal fossa. Alright, so that's where
the nasolacrimal duct that's
actually going to kind of move through
that area.
Alright so that's the lacrimal fossa.
Alright then, what I want to do is, if
you look here there's a hole right
underneath the foramen and it's called the
infraorbital foramen right there. So
infraorbital foramen. Alright, then
we're going to come look at the nasal
cavity. So, let me get you here
inside the nasal cavity. So right
here, actually you kind of look at this
is that this is the maxillary bone right
here. So all this right here, is the
maxillary bone. These are the nasal bones
but this pretty much is whole area
right here is going to be the maxillary
bone. So we look here, this is kind of
like this little spiny part that's
popping out there, you guys can see that, that is 
called the anterior nasal spine.
Okay, there's this big bone though its
own bone. And it's running all the way
back here inside the nasal cavity. This
one right here, it's called the vomer
bone okay. Vomer bone. So it helps to be able
to make up the nasal septum. I'm gonna
kind of flip it up here and right in
here, if you see this guy right there,
that's actually called the perpendicular
plate of the ethmoid bone. Now a little
bit laterally to it, might not be able to
see it that well, but these guys right
here laterally to it. This right here is
actually going to be called the middle
nasal conchae. And this one over here on
the other side of the middle nasal
conchae, this guy right here is called
the inferior nasal conchae. And then for
your nasal conchaa right there. Okay so
it kind of covers some of the structures
inside of the nasal cavity. Alright ,now
if we come down here and we look at the
maxillary region. So this is going to be
kind of like the alveolar processes,
alveolar processes and you've got the
alveolar margin right here, where the
teeth are and the teeth sit in a little
cavity called the gomphoses. it one
the formsgomphoses joint.
But the little alveolus is where the
teeth actually sit in. We'll get into T's
anatomy specifically later. Alright so
again, that's going to cover that. Now I'm
going to move down here to the mandible.
You look at the mandible here, we got
this part of the mandible right here.
Where it looks like it's making like a
little circle right, this is called the
mandibular notch, it's called the
mandibular notch right there. And then
this right here is going to be called
the coronoid process of the mandible, also this is the
coronoid process. Then if you look here,
that's part that's articulating with that
mandibular fossa this is called
the mandibular condyle. So these guys are
here called mandibular condyles, okay.
Now, if I make kind of like a square here,
this is called the ramus, so it's the
ramus of the mandible. And if I squeeze
this thick part, this is where the bone
is the thickest, so this is the body of
the mandible, this part is the body of
the mandible. Alright, sorry for my
thumb guys. And then here is going to be
the mental foramen right. So here's the
mental foramen.
So we've got the body of the mandible, you get
the mental foramen, then you got the
mandibular symphysis right here, okay.
So you've got the mandibular synthesis. Then, if I come over and I actually try to get
inside, I'm gonna flip this around here a
little bit so we can see it. So inside
here, we're actually going to have the
mandibular foramina, mandibular foramina
mandibular foramina. 
Right here, these guys. Alright so that
covers these parts. Now we're going to
kind of flip it under here and look at a
couple structures inside here. So if you
look here in the front,
we've got the maxillary bone here in the front. Alright, so now if you look here we got
this little hole right there, okay.
This is called the incisive fossa, that right
there is called the incisive fossa. Then
we got over here, we still got them the
palantine process. All this stuff right
here is all the palatine process of
maxillary bone. Don't confuse that with
this part right here, this is actually
the palatine bone. So the horizontal
plate of the palantine bone and then
moving here on the sides is the vertical
plate or the perpendicular plate of the
palatine bone. Alright, and then these guys right here, they look
like little legs these guys are actually
called the pterygoid processes of the
sphenoid bone. Okay, that pretty much covers
all the structures of the skull.
