In this video, we are going to take a look
at emergent properties.
A unicellular organism is an organism that
consists of only a single cell, such as an
amoeba, paramecium, and bacteria.
A multicellular organism is an organism that
consists of more than one cell such as butterflies,
frogs, flowering plants and vertebrates.
In multicellular organisms, specialised tissues
with different functions can be formed through
cell differentiation.
These are called emergent properties.
An emergent property is something that occurs
when parts of an entity produce new functions
when together, that they do not produce as
individual parts.
In multicellular organisms, cells can be grouped
together to form tissues.
Multiple tissues can group to form organs.
Organs can interact to form an organ system.
These organ systems work together to carry
out the functions of life for the multicellular
organism.
If we look at the vascular system in humans,
we can see how emergent properties look at
the different hierarchical levels of life.
At each of these levels, new properties emerge
due to the interaction of the cells.
At the cell level, we have a muscle cell.
At the tissue level, we have cardiac tissue
which is made up of multiple muscle cells
and is able to perform the new task of synchronized
contractions.
At the organ level, we have the heart, which
is made up of a collection of cardiac tissue
and is able to perform the new task of pumping
blood.
At the system level, we have the vascular
system which is the heart as well as the arteries
and veins, this system is able to transport
the blood throughout the body.
At the organism level, we have the whole human,
where the whole body is able to use this blood
to perform the functions required for life.
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