Nuclear power is like the unloved child of
sustainable energy.
It’s got so much potential, but it only
gets noticed when it does something wrong.
If only people could just see how cool it
is.
Ahoy-hoy fallout boys and girls, Julian here
for DNews and today we’re going to talk
about nuclear power.
Now I know this is an element that splits
the internet and leads to an explosive chain
reaction (see what I did there?) but we are
going to gingerly handle this sensitive material
like the science-loving adults that we are.
The most popular green energies people like
to discuss are solar and wind power, and I
agree, the idea of harnessing the phenomenal
cosmic power of the sun and...snazzy earthy
blowingness of wind is pretty cool.
But we’re going to have to upscale our production
in a big way if we are going to meet demands.
Last year in the US, wind provided 4.13% of
our power, and solar?
A microscopic .23%.
So we’d need almost 25 times as much of
each just to meet demands, not to mention
we’d have to overproduce and store energy
for when it’s dark and not windy.
And we’ll have to build the storage facilities.
Meanwhile nuclear provides 19% of our energy
in this country, but we’re using an idea
we haven’t updated since the 50’s; the
Light Water Reactor.
Light Water Reactors split uranium 235 to
heat water.
In the US this water is kept at extremely
high pressures to keep it in liquid form.
This super-heated super-pressurized water
then heats a second loop of water, turning
it to steam and driving a turbine.
Reactors like this became widespread because
of their simplicity, but they only use about
5% of their fuel and the waste is radioactive
for 10,000 years.
The fuel can be recycled though.
France has been relying on nuclear power since
the 70s and by recycling, the total amount
of high-level waste that could give a family
of 4 power from when the kids are born until
they’re in college is about the volume of
a cigarette lighter.
You still have to put that somewhere, and
waste storage is one of the major dividing
issues.
Don’t kid yourself though, in California
alone the production of solar panels makes
over 13 million tons of toxic waste annually,
and that’s just stored somewhere too.
There’s no such thing as a free lunch.
Molten Salt Reactors were a competing idea
that were shelved in the 60’s, despite the
fact that engineers built reactors that proved
they could work.
Lately interest in them is growing because
of their potential benefits.
The concept is liquid salt is the reactor’s
coolant, meaning it doesn’t need to be pressurized
like it’s light water counterparts.
This means there’s no complications from
loss of pressure like the rapid expansion
of radioactive gas or loss of coolant to the
reactor.
In fact it’s possible to design molten salt
reactors in such a way that they are self-regulating
and melt-down proof.
Pretty neat, huh?
And it gets better, Molten Salt Reactors that
would use Thorium as their fuel source would
use almost 100% of their fuel.
And they would breed more of their own.
When thorium 232 is hit with a neutron, it
absorbs it and eventually decays into uranium
233.
U-233 is fissile, and shoots out 2 or 3 more
neutrons.
These can keep the chain reaction going and
also bombard more thorium to generate more
uranium.
Thorium has the benefit of being 3 to 4 times
more abundant than uranium, and right now
is just a hazardous waste byproduct of rare-earth
mining.
So we’re already digging the stuff up, and
have nothing to use it for.
Thorium 232 has a half-life of over 14 billion
years, but once it’s been used in a Liquid
Fluoride Thorium Reactor, 80% of the waste
decays to safe levels in 10 years.
A small amount would need up to 300 years
before it was safe, but that beats 10,000
years by a long shot.
And the products of a LFTR reactor are harder
to use for nuclear weapons, so there’s less
of a worry about nuclear proliferation.
Not that we don’t have enough weapons to
murderize everyone already.
MSRs still have issues of their own to work
out, like keeping the liquid fluorides from
corroding the metal they’re stored in.
China thinks they can solve these problems
and make safer, more sustainable, and less
polluting nuclear power.
They’ve planned to have a functioning thorium
reactor within the next decade.
If you’re worried about the storage of nuclear
waste, Anthony has some pretty cool info for
you here about how it’s compacted and stored.
What are your thoughts on the future of energy?
Do you have a personal favorite solution?
Let us know in the comments.
I’ll see you next time on DNews.
