elcome back.
In the last lecture we have discussed about
patents, we have discussed about trademarks,
we have discussed also about industrial designs.
In this section we will discuss about geographical
indications.
Now, we may think like why geographical indications
need to be protected.
Because it may so happen especially in kinds
for agricultural products like certain things
are only grown somewhere and it gets his value
due to that.
So, for that it is important to provide protect
the geographical indications.
Now, then it is understand what it is.
Geographical indication is a sign used on
goods that denotes the belongingness of the
goods or reputation to a particular geographical
location.
So, it commonly it consist of the place of
origin of the goods.
It is most commonly used in the case of agricultural
products.
Like here, in India people I am very much
willing to pay an extra price for the apples
that may hail from Himachal Pradesh or, globally
like Swiss chocolates command an extra price
as they are produced in Switzerland
However, so, it is not only restricted to
agricultural products.
Each it can be used for other products as
well like, automobiles from Japan and like
that.
So, what is a generic geographical indication?
It occurs when the name of the place is used
to designate a particular type of product,
rather than to indicate it is place of origin.
Then it is no longer function as a geographical
indicator.
Why it needs a protection is geographical
indicators are mainly treated by the consumers
as synonymous to quality and trust.
So, these in a way depict the valuable reputations
which have been earned by the company over
years, and could be used for by others for
misrepresentations.
False use of geographical locations indications
could be done by others to sell products at
a higher price, and cheat consumers.
Like selling tea in the name of Darjeeling
tea, though it is not grown there, but the
name is just used to command a high price.
Now, there is a certain difference between
the terms of like what is a geographical indication.
And what is a trademark?
So, while trademark is a sign used by a company
to distinguish it is goods and services from
those produced by others geographical indication
offers, the guarantee for the production of
a product in a particular place.
So, this is where it may be related like to;
like in case of sweets we have the particular
sweet belongs to a particular region of India,
and you get it is value from that.
It is not that the sweet is not being done
or it is not produced in other locations,
but in a particular area it has it is own
expertise.
Maybe, it is own special recipe which gives
uniqueness to that product, special taste
to it, and indicators of that the geographical
indicators preserves; protecting the indication
preserves that value of that item.
So, protection of geographical indications
may vary from country one country to another,
and it is in accordance with the national
laws.
Next we will discuss about copyrights.
Copyrights are generally about the laws which
grant authors, the protection for their literary
and artistic work.
So, till now we were discussing till geographically
indicators.
We have discussed about patent.
We have discussed about trademarks.
We have discussed about industrial design,
and we have discussed about the geographical
locations.
All these 4 consist of the things related
to like industrial property of the goods or
services.
So, if we go chronologically the way it we
have discussed about it like, it is the when
you are talking of patenting it is about the
functioning of the product.
Like, and how it functions, these are protected
the ideas of like, how it is functioning,
and how it is going to do.
So, these are protected the main functions.
And this is generally the timeframe given
is 20 years, after which the patent is no
longer there.
And it becomes comes in the public domain,
where like, anybody can come and like improve
through research on that technology, on that
the functioning aspects and improve on it.
We have also seen like certain things maybe
certain scientific thoughts and laws.
Generally, some it sometimes not given for
patenting, because then the further development
on it may stop for the next few years till
the time the patent is it is patent protected.
So, there can there has to be a very deep
thought into what all should be patented,
and what all should be not patented for the
greater interest of the society at large.
Whenever we are talking of and this could
be more with case of formulas for drugs for
you know like certain diseases.
And like if it becomes some for very critical
deceases some drug is there and you patent
it and then you very charged a very high price
for it.
So, which maybe moves beyond affordability
range of the public at large, then is it ok
or not.
So, there will be lot of debates about it.
Next when we come to trademark.
Trademark is like putting a symbol of our
signature stamp, hologram these type of things
on the product or services; which talks of
the quality of the production, and it is a
matter of trust that you are developing.
Because giving the trademark means it is the
assurance of the quality of the products and
services.
And it gives the, it helps to develop a very
loyal base of customers, who will be looking
for that trademark for the quality assurance,
and they will all always be moving looking
forward to it, and it helps to create a loyal
base of customers for you; when we are talking
of industrial design, and the protection of
the industrial design.
It is the, it is not only the quality of the
service and the assurance of the quality of
the product that we are looking for as your
in the trademark, but here we are also trying
to protect about the aesthetic nature of the
design, and industrial design protection helps
us to do that it helps us to protect the aesthetic
part of it.
So, if you see a progression from like in
patent, we are talking of the functioning
of the technical aspect of it, in trademark
we are looking of the quality part of it with
related to it is performance, and in industrial
design we are looking for the like, aesthetic
part of the design.
So, it is not only the technical aspect and
its quality assurance for it is performance
aspect, but we are also trying to protect
further.
Aesthetic, how it looks good, how it gives
a good feeling while we are looking at the
design, and whether that can be protected
or not.
Next when we are moving to the geographical
indicators.
Here we are also trying to give a protection
for the like uniqueness of the things produced
in a particular area or locality, because
there may be some craftsmen some idea which
has developed in a particular place.
And it has like through years of research
or expertise.
It has gray gained competence in that particular
place which is added value to it.
More so like this is more attached to agricultural
products, but it can be extended as we told
in automobiles.
It can be extended to sweets; it can be extended
to anything.
Because it is the due to the like presence
of people or more researchers held in that
particular place, which is had some value
addition to the predictor services, which
we which gives it so particular worth, which
increases its value, which same thing we cannot
get from the products of the maybe, on the
similar nature developed elsewhere.
It is that particular location which is added
value to it and worth to it.
So, the geographical indicators protect for
that.
All these 4 discussions where regarding the
industrial property of nature for the intellectual
property.
Next when you talking of the copyrights: it
is about the protection of the literary type
of things, like which for the authors for
their literary and artistic work.
It is a protection for the performers like
actors and musicians and to sound recorders
as well as broadcasting organizations like
radio and television.
So, works which are covered by copyright include,
but are not limited to novels, poems, plays,
reference works, newspapers, advertisement,
computer programs, database, films, music,
compositions, choreography, paintings, drawings
photographs, sculpture, architecture, maps
and technical drawings.
These are important in terms of like research
works done maybe some models suggested and
all for the like, when we are talking with
relevance to like the particular engineer
or maybe like, when you are talking for other
performers.
So, what are the rights of holders of copyrights
are; they can authorize or stop others from
reporting their work, using it elsewhere without
taking permission creating copies and selling
it for profit or otherwise, translating into
other languages, performing it and enhancing
it without permission etc.
Why it has become more important these days,
is because with the advances in technology.
So, copyrights and related rights have expanded
enormously, because of the new ways of disseminating
creations by search forms as satellite broadcasting
compact discs and DVD’s
So, with this new technology, it has become
easier for people to copy others works.
And so, maybe claim it as it is own work.
So, in that area like it has become more and
more important to discuss about the copyrights
and related rights of the like copyrights,
and related rights, and how to protect it.
What are the benefits of copyrights are?
It is important for fostering human creativity.
So, giving recognition boosts of the confidence
with the artists and enhances their activity
and a creative point.
So, it encourages companies to invest in creation
development and global dissemination of their
work.
The world intellectual property organization
is an organization which is established in
1970 to is an international organization,
devoted to serving and ensuring the rights
of creators and owners of intellectual property
are protected worldwide.
And that inventors and authors are therefore,
recognized and rewarded for their creativity.
By providing a stable environment for marketing
products, protected by intellectual property,
it oils the wheels of international trade
as well.
World intellectual property; organization
it serves as a forum for it is member states
to establish and harmonize rules and practices
for the protection of intellectual property
rights.
It also services global registration systems
for trademarks, industrial designs and appellations
of origin, and global filing system for patents.
These systems are under regular review by
world intellectual property organization member
states, and other stakeholders to determine
how they can be improved to serve the needs
of the users and potential users.
In the next upcoming lectures, we will discuss
about certain critical questions of dilemma
pertaining to these issues of intellectual
property rights with relevant to this today’s
discussion of trademarks copyrights in industrial
designs geographical indicators, and how to
solve these at what is the correct nature
of a showing to this critical questions what
is their what are these dilemma questions,
what are these questions which have put us
at the crossroads of decision making, and
how do we take an ethical decision about which
way to move for.
So, we will also maybe initiate a question
of debate like whether which all rights can
be protected, then how much to share, how
much not to share so that in like inform how
much information to share, how much information
not to share, how much can we refer to others
and how much you cannot refer to others in
our own designs and reference to works.
And how these engineers, how these discussions
are more relevant for engineers while they
are planning their own designs, or they are
in the work situations they are trying to
use others references in their own work, to
what extent they can do it, and where they
need to refer to the work of others, and give
proper acknowledgement to people.
So, these are important discussions.
And in consecutive lecture sessions we will
be coming up with these discussions which
will help us to get a more clear idea about
the use of these things in engineering practices.
Thank you.
