First off Spin is not spin.
For if it were then the electron had to spin
at million times the speed of light and it
would be disintegrated into more pieces which
also would suggest that electron is not a
point particle.
Another thing, moving charges produce magnetic
field.
So a charge moving in circle will produce
a magnetic moment and it starts behaving a
kind of like magnet.
Now, heres what physicists did, they placed
two specifically designed magnets like this.They
took atoms of silver which can roughly be
assumed to be a small bar magnet as it has
only one unpaired electron in its outer shell.
They threw these atoms toward a screen passing
through these weird shaped magnets.
It’s like throwing in magnetic moments.
Wait wait wait,so they dint actually picked
up and threw these silver atoms.They had this
big oven from where they generated a beam
of silver atoms.This this right here is just
for illustration.Okay?Just illustration.Cool.I
am out now.
So, the beam goes in between these magnets
and the question is what do you get on the
screen?
So heres what they expected,here comes an
atom and it has its magnetic moment in random
directions.Therefore you are going to get
a smudge like this.Some are going to be deflected
a lot because they have a lots of z component
of magnetic moment.Others are gonna be deflected
only a little.
Heres where interesting thing happened.They
got a one peak here an empty space and another
peak here.This was termed as space quantisation.This
space was about 1/5 th of mm.It was not that
big but it was a clear thing.
So everybody was confused.
The idea of spin was brought back from dead.It
is now understaood that these electrons have
two states of spin up and down corresponding
to the position of beam on the screen.
Every other spin state is made up of these
up and down spin state.So Spin is intrinsic
property of the particle just like mass or
charge and what we can measure is ,is their
magnetic moments
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