Stephen Hawking was regarded as one of
the most brilliant theoretical
-physicists in history. His work on the origins and structure of
-the universe from the big bang to black holes
-revolutionized the field, while his best-selling books have
appealed to readers, who may not have
Hawking's scientific background.
In this brief biography, we look at Hawking's education and career
-ranging from his discoveries, to the
popular books he's written,
and the disease that robbed him of
mobility and speech.
British cosmologist, Stephen William
Hawking was born in england on january 8,
1942, exactly after 300 years to the day
after the death of the astronomer
Galileo Galilei! He attended University college, Oxford,
where he studied physics. His father wanted him to focus
on medicine, but he always loved mathematics,
music as well. Hawking went on to
Cambridge to research cosmology,
the study of the universe, as a whole. In
early 1963,
just shy of his 21st birthday, Hawking
was diagnosed with motor neuron disease
more commonly known as Lou Gehrig's
disease, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
He was not expected to live more than
two years.
Completing his doctorate did not appear
likely,
Yet hawking defied the odds not only
attaining his PhD,
but also forging new roads into the
understanding of the universe in the
decades. Since, as the disease spread, Hawking became
less mobile and began using a wheelchair. Talking
grew more challenging, and in 1985 an emergency tracheotomy
caused his total loss of speech. A speech-generating device constructed
at Cambridge combined with a software program served
as his electronic voice, allowing Hawking to select his words by
moving the muscles in his cheek.
(Stephen Hawking's electronic voice: Can you hear me?) Just before his diagnosis
Hawking met Jane Wilde, and the two were married in 1965.
Hawking continued at Cambridge, after his graduation,
serving as a research fellow, and later
as a professional fellow.
In 1974, he was inducted into 'The Royal
Society',
a worldwide fellowship of scientists. In
1979,
he was appointed lucasian professor of
mathematics at Cambridge,
the most famous academic chair in the
world.
Over the course of his career, Hawking
studied the basic laws governing the
universe. He proposed that since the universe
boasts a beginning [The big bang] it likely will have an
ending. Working with fellow cosmologist Roger Penrose,
He demonstrated that Albert Einstein's
theory of general relativity suggests
that space and time began at the birth
of the universe, and ends within black
holes,
which implies that Einstein's theory and
quantum theory must be united.
Using the two theories together, Hawking
also determined that black holes are not
totally dark, but instead emit radiation. He predicted that
following the big bang, black holes, as
tiny as protons, were created
governed by both general relativity and
quantum mechanics
In 2014, Hawking revised his theory
even writing that there are no black
holes, at least in the way that cosmologists
traditionally understand them. His theory removed the existence of
an event horizon, the point where nothing can escape,
instead he proposed that there would be an
apparent horizon that would alter according to quantum changes within the
black hole, but the theory remains controversial.
Hawking also proposed that the universe
itself has no boundary,
much like the earth although the planet
is finite,
one can travel around it and through the
universe infinitely,
never encountering a wall that would be
described as the 'end.'
Hawking was a popular writer. His first
book
-A Brief history of time, was first
published in 1988, and became an
international bestseller. In it, Hawking aimed to communicate
questions about the birth and death of
the universe to the lay person.
hawking went on to write other non-fiction books aimed at
nancy and this these include 'A briefer
history of time',
'The universe in a nutshell', 'The grand
design' and 'On the shoulders of giants.'
He and his daughter, Lucy Hawking, also
created a fictional series of books for
middle school children, on the creation
of the universe
including 'George and the big bang.' Hawking made several television
appearances, including a playing hologram of himself
on 'Star Trek-the next generation' and a cameo on the
television show 'Big Bang theory.'
PBS presented an educational miniseries
titled Stephen Hawking's universe,
which probes the theories of the
cosmologist. In 2014 a movie based on Hawking's life
was released, called 'The theory of everything'. The film
drew praise from Hawking, who said it made him reflect on
his own life. "Although, i'tm severely disabled, I have
been successful in my scientific work."
Hawking wrote on facebook in november
2014. "I travel widely and have been to
Antarctica and Easter island, down in a submarine and up on a zero
gravity flight. one day i hope to go into space." A list
of Hawking quotes would be incomplete
without mentioning some of his more
controversial statements. He frequently
said that
humans must leave earth, if we wish to
survive.
It will be difficult enough to avoid disaster in the next
hundred years. Stephen Hawking had
concluded many such theories,
which were beyond the imagination of
human. You can listen to his last speech.
Just click on the link in description. On march 14,
2018, Stephen Hawking died. And as you know, he was born exactly 300 years
after the death of Galileo Galilei,
and Stephen Hawking died on the day of
Albert Einstein's birthday! Subscribe our channel, by clicking on the
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