Hello, my name is Aneta Sandić as some
of you might already know. I'm a
psychiatrist, psychoanalytic psychotherapist and 
and hold PhD in psychology in
psychoanalytic psychotherapy. This will
be one of perhaps several introductory
lectures to psychoanalysis and
psychoanalytic psychotherapy. Why I believe
and think that I might be competent for
this is that I did teach at Medical
faculty about 20 years ago. It was
Forensic medicine. And, several years ago, having
that PhD in psychology I did teach 
clinical subjects to one of the
Psychology universities around here. What
I would like to tell to people who are
just interested in this topic, or maybe
possibly some students of
psychology, or some of you who would like to
and are  going to get education in
psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic
psychotherapy is something what is very
important. Is that our view of the world
and the psyche and the actual mental
functioning relies upon Freud's clear
and beautiful observation and that is
the unconscious does exist. Do you dream?
Where do dreams come from? That is the
most simple explanation. We cannot reduce
all to the nerve cells and
the neurones, as some of you who did not
pay enough attention to tradition most
probably forgot, or do not know, that
Sigmund Freud sometimes in the end of
life said that... I'll be paraphrasing this - 
that like as if he had another life that
he would most probably devote it to
studying of superconsciousness (alternativescience).
So yes, we do have unconscious, 
we do have conscious (+preconscious), and we do have
super conscience. Now, super consciousness
is not something that I can go into in
much in my professional work,  although I do
not  find it that uninteresting.
What would be useful, as some kind of
"Introductory lecture in psychoanalysis"
and psychoanalytic psychotherapy that I
do is that today psychoanalytic
discourse is rather rich, and there is no
consensus on which theory, which approach
is the best, which one is the most suitable
to further explore our inner worlds and
our interactions with the outer world.
Thus we have several theories which are
very important and for anybody who does,
especially professional work in this
area, I deeply believe that it is very
important to have knowledge and basic
strength, foundations in classical theory.
And then, of course, incorporate something
new. So we can say that one of the first,
actually the first major
psychoanalytical theory is named ego psychology.
This is related to the year 1923. when
Sigmund Freud published his book "The Ego and The Id". Although in it he didn't really
write much about Id he did say what that
is, and he did is give us clear
suggestions, that apart from his earlier
assumption and suggestion that there is
unconscious and conscious (+preconscious)  in Ego and Id he gives a suggestion that we
should observe human psyche through the prism
of  tripartite structure. So that is Id
Ego and Superego. You, I believe,  have
heard of those three. Id is
unconscious. It is something what we
are born with. And basically it consists
of innate inner drives. There are two big,
major opposite forces over there. We call
it libido and aggression. To some of you
who are not very well informed I
definitely want to underline that libido
is not just sexual drive. It is positive
energy, love for life, love for nature... So
all kinds, all spectrum of positive
emotions, positive energies derive from
that huge area that we in psychoanalysis
in psychoanalytic theory call Id.
Aggression, another drive,  is kind of
opposed to Id and it does exist over
there. I come from Sarajevo, from Bosnia
Herzegovina, I do know that that is in each
and every human being. Aggression does
not necessarily have to be destructive.
It covers, includes, all negative feelings
as jealousy, envy,  boredom... Of course
that it can be malignant, but not
necessarily. Actually, aggression is
needed for a good adaptation in life, for
our normal psychological functioning. As
aggression, aggression yes is psychoanalysis
we say it that way,  is also
when you say "no" to somebody. So it is not
like "I like anything"... But we all sooner
or later, better sooner than later in our
life, do have to say "no" to some contents,
to some people who are annoying to us,
who do not understand us or ...We can go to
some clinical examples maybe sometimes
later. What is also very interesting and
that resides over there in Id is
personal representation of one's own
self that is unconscious, representation
of another person, another human being. In
psychoanalysis's,  in theory,  we call it
'object'. Why 'object?' As object might be
complete and object might be partial so
that is something more complicated in
the theory so I might cover it on  some other
occasion. But also an emotional and
mental representation of what this
interaction is like so that is 'object
relation' as we say that's another theory
in psychoanalysis and if we observe
evolution of psychoanalysis, ego
psychology comes first and object
relations theory comes a bit later as a
second one, if we ordinate it,  and it derives
from Melanie Klein. British school of
psychoanalysis. Ego is mostly conscious
parts of our own self.
There are lots of students who do learn
psychology, and they never really got it,
and I believe that all of our experts do
know that. I mean we definitely have
to know that,  but I'm saying you this
believing that you're not an expert in
this field, is that ego is not just a
conscious structure. There is a significant
part of ego that is unconscious. Now,
first the conscious part. So ego would
be some kind of my own personal view,
representation of my own self on the
conscience level. So. my name is Aneta
Sandić. My profession is psychiatrist,
psychologist psychotherapist. I like to eat 'that and that'. 
I dislike 'boring people'. I like skiing ...
I want to ..whatever... It also is a
psychological structure that sees, test
reality. Now this is very important in
practical world, as when you work with
for example borderline states, or even
maybe psychotic patients, it is important
to
see, to realize that over there the
the reality testing is something that is
damaged. So that comes from damage
somewhere in ego. Apart from testing reality
ego controls our motility, our movements.
Ego is a part of personality that
perceives and tests the time. As we do
know on planet Earth we observe and "see"
 time as something flowing in a linear
manner. And as we do know by now that
out there there in space time flows
differently. Or maybe everything exists
at the same time, the past, the future the
present. But, we won't go into those
fields at least not today, and maybe I
will never do a video on that topic
because of my job, although that indeed
is my hobby and something what I like to
rest with. Important part of ego
that is not conscious, for example, is
part of ego it uses the defence
mechanisms. You might have heard of those.
Anna Freud, daughter of Sigmund Freud, was
first one who published a good book
about this. And that is actually how
definitely ego psychology was rounded
and announced as, at that time, major and
most important theory in psychoanalysis.
And when we are in good 'relationship'
with theory, then we can move on to our
practical work. So, defence mechanisms,
their basic function is to defend
ourselves from anxiety. Anxiety derives
from conflict between Id and
Superego most of the times.  But this would
be neurotic conflict. I wrote about it
in a paper. However it is not published
in English.
I was lazy  to translate it, so I might
talk about neurotic conflict some other
time. Now let's move on to Superego.
You have heard of this word, of
course. Superego is
something that is 'above' ego in a way. It
might, but not be a beautiful metaphor,
but it just came across my mind, it could
be like a 'police officer' in our self.
Superego is definitely formed with the
resolution of Oedipus complex, something
when the child is about five years old.
We are born with Id. Of course, as I did
tell you, impressions from the first
interactions usually between infant and
his mother father of whoever lives at home,
those impressions are the ones that get
imprinted in our inner psyche, in our
unconscious worlds as forms of object
relations. I did say something about that.
Now, superego definitely gets formed
and gets its very important structure
about the age of five. And then, in the late
puberty, we have another restructuring of
superego.
So superego mostly consists of our own
moral values, about our own demands what we
want from our own selves. So it consists
of that huge part that says "yes" and "no".
Whether I will punish myself, or whether
I will gratify myself. Significant part
of it is unconscious, while a part of it is
in a field of consciousness. The part,
when I said something about ideals, what
I want to do in my life ,what I want to
make out of my life, what is that what do
I want to accomplish in my life
especially if this
relates to the fields of ideals, that belongs to
the part of the super-ego we call Ideal
Ego. Ego ideal.  One of the most
beautiful books I believe that I read on 
this topic is written by Janine Chasseguet
Smirgel. She is a French psychoanalyst and psychologist. And
French school in psychoanalysis is
specific and very important if you want
to have good information and if you want
to do your job well. Well, I would like to
finish with this "introductory lecture on
psychoanalytic theory" mostly covering,
briefly, ego psychology. You have my I warm regards and have a nice day evening or
morning whenever you're watching this
video.
