Primo Levi was a young Italian Jew who survived
ten months in Auschwitz.
After liberation from the camp in January
1945 he returned home to Turin, Italy.
Levi attained world-wide fame for his writings
after the war, especially for his book If
this is a Man (also published as Survival
in Auschwitz).
He wrote the poem "Shema" in January 1946.
You who live secure
In your warm houses
Who return at evening to find
Hot food and friendly faces:
Consider, whether this is a man,
Who labours in the mud
Who knows no peace
Who fights for a crust of bread
Who dies at a yes or a no.
Consider whether this is a woman,
Without hair or name
With no more strength to remember
Eyes empty and womb cold
As a frog in winter.
Consider that this has been:
I commend these words to you.
Engrave them on your hearts
When you are in your house, when you walk
on your way,
When you go to bed, when you rise.
Repeat them to your children.
Or may your house crumble,
Disease render you powerless,
Your offspring avert their faces from you.
...
The poem Shema was written in January 1946,
which was a very short time after the end
of the Holocaust.
Primo Levi was liberated from Auschwitz in
January 1945 and this is a very early warning
to the world, to his readers, to convey what
had just happened in Europe; to convey the
potential for human evil.
When one teacher reads this poem in the classroom,
there are certain main points that come out:
The first one is the first word of the poem.
Primo Levi starts with "You", which means
that you, everybody in the world, all the
readers of the poem, should be engaged in
conveying what had happened in Europe.
This includes obviously the absolute imperative
to talk and teach about the potential of human
beings for the cruelty that he had just witnessed
and experienced himself.
Primo Levi actually divided the poem into
three main parts: The first four lines are
his approach path to the general public, to
the people that are reading the poem.
The middle part of the poem is a very short
but extreme description of the Holocaust.
And the last part of the poem is where he
invokes the prayer, the central prayer in
the Jewish liturgy, "Shema" or "Listen", "Hear!
O Israel The Lord our God..." and he uses
that to bring this injunction, this order,
to talk and teach about the potential of human
beings for the cruelty that he had just witnessed
and experienced himself.
When I read at the end of the poem the threats
that he uses, if we do not teach about what
happened in Europe a year ago, I feel the
plight and the pain of the survivor coming
through.
And I think this is a very important point
to emphasize, because it's very difficult
for us after the Holocaust to imagine the
extent of the tragedy that they went through
physically during the Holocaust.
