
English: 
Coming up next on Jonathan Bird’s Blue World,
shipwrecks that are turning into coral reefs.
Hi I’m Jonathan Bird and welcome to my world!
In shallow tropical oceans, coral reefs provide
habitat and protection for thousands of species
of marine animals, especially fish.

Chinese: 
本期节目要讲述的是正在蜕变成珊瑚礁的沉船残骸。
嗨，我是乔纳森 伯德，欢迎来到我的蓝色世界！
在热带海洋的浅海区，珊瑚礁为数以万计的海洋生物
提供着保护和栖息地，其中鱼类受益匪浅。

Chinese: 
但是在海底沙子成分过多的地方，珊瑚很难扎根和生长。
因为缺少有效保护，这样的海底通常很少有鱼类生存。
一直以来，渔民们就知道，就算是在平淡无奇的海底中央，
一艘沉船对海洋生物来说也有着巨大的吸引力。
在这里，鱼类可以躲避捕食者，珊瑚也可以落地生长。
因此沉船经常被称作人工鱼礁。
大部分沉船是由于事故或战争导致的。
它们不仅受到鱼类的欢迎，同时也是很多潜水爱好者梦寐以求的探险之地。
尽管如此，有些沉船远离海岸，有些沉船位于深海区，
所以不是所有沉船的残骸都适合潜水爱好者探险。
既然如此，为何不干脆将船沉在一个方便的地方? 其实这正是人们正在做的

English: 
In places where the sea floor is too sandy
to give coral a place to grab on and grow,
there is very little fish life because there
is very little protection from predators.
For years, fishermen have known however that
a shipwreck out in the middle of a flat featureless
sea floor becomes a magnet for marine life.
Not only is it a place for fish to hide from
predators, but it’s also a place where coral
can take hold and grow.
For this reason, shipwrecks are often called
artificial reefs.
Most shipwrecks are the result of accidents
or warfare.
They have become popular not just with fish,
but with divers who want to see the fish or
explore the wrecks.
Sometimes these shipwrecks are not in the
most convenient place for divers however,
far from shore, sometimes in deep water.
So why not intentionally sink a ship in a
convenient spot?

English: 
That’s exactly what people are doing all
around the world--sinking old ships as a way
to create an artificial reef in a particular
spot, sometimes to help out the fishermen,
sometimes to give divers a place to go, and
sometimes to help out the local marine life.
Yes, it’s hard to believe, but sinking a
big piece of junk on the bottom of the ocean
can be a huge help to local marine life!
My question is…how long does it take for
a shipwreck to turn into an artificial reef?
To answer this question, I’m off to beautiful
Key West, Florida where a relatively new shipwreck
awaits.
In 2009, a 522 foot long decommissioned missile-tracking
warship called the Vandenberg, was sunk off
Key West.
Before the sinking it underwent an extensive
clean-up at a shipyard in Virginia to remove

Chinese: 
将老旧船只当作人造鱼礁沉入海中指定的地方。
这样做有时是为了渔民，有时是为了方便潜水爱好者，
也有时是为了帮助当地的海底生物。是的，难以置信，
将一件如此庞大的垃圾沉入海底竟然可以有助于当地海洋生态！
 
那么我的问题来了: 一条沉船残骸要多久才可以变身成人造鱼礁？
带着这个问题，我来到了佛罗里达州的西礁岛，
这里沉睡着一条报废不久的船只残骸。
在2009年，一艘长522英尺，名为范登堡的导弹追踪舰在退役之后，
被沉在了西礁岛的海里。
在正式沉船前，人们在弗吉尼亚的船坞里对范登堡号进行了一次代价不菲的大清扫，
目的是拆除任何一个可能危害海洋环境和潜水员安全的构件。

English: 
anything that might be harmful to the marine
environment, and to make it safer for divers.
Then it was towed all the way to Key West.
Carefully placed explosive charges flooded
the ship and sent her to the bottom in under

Chinese: 
然后它才被一路拖到了西礁岛。
船被仔细布置好的炸药炸沉，在不到两分钟的时间里
就沉到了海底！

English: 
two minutes!
Immediately after the sinking, the ship looked
like something from outer space—a completely
white, brand-new looking ship on the bottom
of the ocean.
One of the antennae looked ready to be used.
Now, four years later, the Blue World dive
team is heading back down to Key West to visit
the Vandenberg and find out what 4 years on
the sea floor have done to the ship.
We head over to Southpoint Divers in Key West
where we load the boat and join a regularly
scheduled dive to the Vandenberg.
Since this wreck is the second largest artificial
reef in the world, it’s pretty popular with

Chinese: 
刚刚被炸沉的战舰看起来仿佛是天外来物，
它看起来像是停在海底的一艘纯白色的新船。
其中一根天线仿佛马上就可以使用。
四年时间过去了，蓝色世界的潜水团队正赶往西礁岛，
看看这四年的水下环境是如何改变范登堡号的。
我们前往西礁岛上的南端潜水店，在那里装船，并报名参加去范登堡号的常规潜水项目。
身为是全球第二大的人造鱼礁，范登堡号非常受欢迎。

English: 
divers who come from all over the world to
see it.
It’s only a few miles off shore to reach
the site.
Captain Mike drives our dive boat in Key West
style!
Soon, it’s time to suit up.
Mike gives the dive briefing then it’s time
to go.
Well, it’s been four years since the last
time I was here, when they sank the Vandenberg.
I wonder what four years under the ocean has
done to this ship?
Let’s go find out!
It’s a windy day and the visibility is not
as good as I had hoped, but soon the ship
comes into view.
No longer is she ghostly white.

Chinese: 
来自世界各地的潜水爱好者都想一睹其芳容。
从海岸到沉船地只有几英里远。
船长麦克展示了如何用西礁岛特有的方式开船。
很快到了整装待发的时候。麦克概述了潜水事项。该下水了。
上次我来这里，还是人们将范登堡号炸沉在这里的时候。距今已有四年时间了。
我很想知道这艘船在海里浸泡了四年之后会是什么样子。让我们去一睹究竟吧！
今天有风，可见度也没有我预想的好。
但是范登堡号很快就进入了我们的视野。

Chinese: 
它不再是鬼魅般的白色。如今的范登堡号被一层薄薄的海洋生物所包裹。
船体被海绵，水螅，被囊类动物所覆盖，
小块的珊瑚点缀其间。
成群的小鱼也发现了这艘沉船，
当我在船体的通道间穿梭时，它们同我保持着一定距离。
阶梯是人类对抗地心引力的标志性象征。

English: 
The Vandenberg is now covered in a thin layer
of marine growth.
Encrusting sponges, hydroids tunicates, as
well as small patches of coral festoon her
hull.
Schools of small fish have discovered the
ship as well, keeping their distance from
me as I move through the passageways.
I love to swim up the stairs of a shipwreck.
It gives me the feeling of zero gravity to
be hovering above such an iconic symbol of

Chinese: 
而我之所以喜欢沿着沉船的阶梯向上游，
正是因为它让我觉得自己彻底摆脱了地心引力的束缚。
我努力朝着一个桅杆游去，这时我观察到大量依附着船体生长的海洋生物。
其中一根天线被同样的物质覆盖。这座人造鱼礁长势良好，
它看起来还是一条船的样子。水下的四年时光使得船的一部分被海洋再次

English: 
our daily human struggle against the forces
of gravity on land!
Making my way towards one of the masts, I
observe a lot of encrusting marine growth.
One of the antennae is covered in the same
growth.

English: 
While the reef is growing well, it still looks
like a ship.
Four years underwater has allowed the ocean
to partially reclaim the ship.
There is a thin layer of marine growth, and
the fish are starting to call the ship home.
Soon it’s time to head up to the top of
the mast where the mooring line is tied.
Fighting the current, I make my way to the
line that will lead me safely back to the
boat.
The next day, we head north up the keys to
Key Largo.

Chinese: 
“回收利用”。已经有一层薄薄的海洋生命依附船体生长，
鱼类也开始视其为家园。
很快就到了朝桅杆顶端前进的时候。我们的锚绳就绑在那里。
我努力朝着可以引导我安全返程的锚绳溯水前行。
第二天，我们沿着西礁岛继续向北来到大礁岛。这里有多艘世界闻名的沉船残骸。

English: 
Key Largo has some world-famous wrecks.
We stop in at Horizon Divers, Key Largo wreck
diving experts.
Tim and I load our gear onto the boat.
Soon we’re on our way, navigating through
the canals to the open ocean on a beautiful
Keys day.
We arrive at the wreck of the Speigel Grove.
A slightly older wreck, the Speigel Grove
was sunk in 2002.
As the crew ties the boat up to one of the
mooring lines, I’m getting suited up for
my dive.
So this is the wreck of the Speigel Grove.
It’s eleven years old—a little bit older
than the Vandenberg.

Chinese: 
我们停在了地平线潜水店，他们是大礁岛的沉船潜水专家。
我和蒂姆把设备装到船上。很快我们就上路了。在一片风和日丽中，
我们用导航穿过几条水道后，驶向一片开阔水域。
我们来到了斯皮格尔 戈洛夫号的沉船点。它下沉于2002年，
时间相对久一点。趁着船员把锚绳系到沉船上的空当，
我收拾妥当，准备下潜。
这就是戈洛夫号的残骸。它11岁了，比范登堡号年长几岁。

English: 
Let’s go see what it looks like.
As I follow the mooring line down through
the blue water, the first thing I see is the
top of a mast.
Looking closer, I can see quite a bit of sponge
and coral growth here, as well as fish.
Deeper on the wreck, a school of Jacks regard
me with indifference as I make my way towards
the main deck.
This eleven year old wreck definitely shows
much more marine growth than the four year
old Vandenberg.
And there seem to be more fish.
The presence of smaller fish has attracted
predators like barracuda.
Some sections of the wreck are so overgrown
with sponges and coral that they are completely
unidentifiable.
And while I definitely know I’m diving a
shipwreck, it’s undeniable that nature is

Chinese: 
让我们看看它长什么样子吧。
当我沿着缆绳一路下潜的时候，首先映入我眼帘的
是一根桅杆。再靠近一些，我可以清楚地看到一些海绵，珊瑚，
当然还有鱼类。
随着下潜的加深，当我努力游向主甲板时，一群鲹鱼满不在乎地与我对视。
比起下沉4年的范登堡号，在这艘11年的沉船上
绝对生长着多得多的海洋生命体。
这儿的鱼好像也更多。小鱼的出现吸引来了捕食者，
比如这条梭鱼。
在船体的某些部位上生长的海绵和珊瑚太过繁茂，以至于都无法辨认那个部位
是什么了。尽管我非常清楚我在探索的是一艘沉船残骸，

Chinese: 
但不可否认的是，大自然正在回收改造这个人造的物体。
同样不可辩驳的是，探索一艘沉船太有趣了。同范登堡号一样，
格拉夫号也为了潜水爱好者提前做了改动，它是一个安全的潜水地点。
在甲板的一个洞口中，我发现了...等一下... 一个卫生间！

English: 
taking this man-made object back.
There is also no denying that exploring a
shipwreck is fun.
Since the Speigel Grove was prepared in advance
for divers just like the Vandenberg, it is
safe for exploration.

English: 
Inside a hole in the deck, I find….wait
for it…a bathroom!
Of course, I explore another set of stairs.
I’m rising up to the top of the wreck on
my way back to the surface.
These ships are so big that they have to be
sunk in fairly deep water so they don’t
stick up and pose a threat to boats on the
surface.
As a result the dives tend to be around a
hundred feet deep, which limits bottom time.
I spend a few minutes doing a safety decompression
stop on the mooring line just under the surface
while I contemplate the wreck.
You know, for being only eleven years old,
that wreck has a lot of marine growth—it’s
really pretty, but not a lot of schools of
fish.
This if course makes me wonder…what would
an even older wreck look like?
Our captain drives us a few miles to another,
even older wreck, the Duane.

Chinese: 
当然，我又发现了一整段楼梯。
为了返回水面，我朝着船体的顶部上浮。
这些船都太大了，只能把它们沉到足够深的水域。这样它们才不会露出水面，
或对水面的其它船只构成威胁。这样做的结果是，潜水的深度一般要在一百英尺左右，
它限制了在船里潜水的时间。
探索结束后，我扶着缆绳，在就要到达水面时
我停留了几分钟时间做安全减压。
你知道，作为一条11年的海底沉船，不光有许多鱼群生活在其中，
还有大量的海洋生命依附其上，这真的很美！
这当然也让我好奇... 时间更久远的沉船会是什么样子？
我们的船长带着我们去了几英里外的另一艘沉船，杜安号，它的时间更久。

Chinese: 
在这艘船下方120英尺的地方就是杜安号，它已经躺在那里25年了！
我真的很好奇，一艘25年的沉船是什么样子。
到达沉船后，我直奔“舰桥”，它被誉为杜安号
最美丽的地方。
海绵和珊瑚将舰桥内部装饰一新，它成了鱼类的避风港。
舰桥的墙壁看起来丝毫不像25年前时的金属墙壁。现在它是一幅

English: 
120 feet beneath this boat is the wreck of
the Duane, which is 25 years old!
I’m really curious to see what a 25 year
old shipwreck looks like.
Down on the wreck, I make a beeline for the
bridge, known to be one of the most beautiful
parts of the Duane.
Inside I discover a refuge for fish completely
decorated with sponges and coral.
The walls look nothing like the plain metal
of 25 years ago.

Chinese: 
色彩斑斓的蜡笔画作。
离开舰桥，我又找到一段楼梯，它还认得出来，
但是上面长了太多的海绵和珊瑚，现在它看起来更像是一座抽象的雕塑。
不管看到哪里，船体都被厚厚的杯状珊瑚群落所覆盖。
每一处凸起的下面都藏着一群小鱼。鱼儿不知道它曾经是一艘战舰。
对于鱼儿来说，这就是一处适合生存的好地方，和其它礁石没有区别。
看起来，25年对于人造鱼礁来说是成熟期。

English: 
Now they are splashed in yellow, red, orange
and pink pastels.
Leaving the bridge, I investigate yet another
staircase, still recognizable as such, but
so overgrown with sponges and coral that it
now looks more like an abstract sculpture.
Everywhere I look, the wreck has grown thick
colonies of cup corals.
And under every overhang, a school of fish,
hiding from predators.
The fish don’t know this was once a warship.
For them, it’s just a great place to live,
like any other reef.
It seems that 25 years old is a good vintage
for an artificial reef.

English: 
All too soon the dive must come to an end
and I head back towards the mooring line to
the boat.
My adventures on shipwrecks have been illuminating.
What I have learned is that the Vandenberg
has a bright future as an artificial reef
as the years go by.
I’ll be checking in now and then to see
how she does as she progresses from a ship
to a mature artificial reef!

Chinese: 
很快，潜水进入尾声，我朝着锚绳游去。
这次沉船之旅对我启发很大。我相信，随着时间流逝，
范登堡号作为人造鱼礁的未来一片大好。
在它从一艘沉船蜕变为一座成熟的人造鱼礁的过程中，我会时不时回来再次拜访它的！
 
