
Croatian: 
Profesore Dave opet, razmislimo o Sunčevom sustavu.
Kad smo stali s Aristarhom, on je ispravno predložio da je sunce sredina
sunčevog sustava, a ne zemlje.
Ali bio je daleko ispred svog vremena, a geocentrični model ostao je na mjestu stoljećima.
Taj je model Ptolomej usavršio u Egiptu drugog stoljeća.
Poboljšao se na postojećim modelima tako što je pronašao način da objasni neuhvatljive pojave poput
retrogradno kretanje planeta.
Tada bi se činilo da će se planet okrenuti i vratiti se drugim putem na nebu
nekoliko dana prije nego što je nastavio normalno kretanje.
Sada vrlo dobro razumijemo da se to događa jer Zemlja prolazi planetom
njegova orbita i tako će se činiti da se kreće unatrag.

English: 
Professor Dave again, let’s rethink the
solar system.
When we left off with Aristarchus, he had
correctly proposed that the sun is the center
of the solar system, rather than the earth.
But he was way ahead of his time, and the
geocentric model remained in place for centuries.
This model was perfected by Ptolemy in second
century Egypt.
He improved on pre-existing models by finding
a way to explain elusive phenomena like the
retrograde motion of the planets.
This was when a planet would seem to turn
around and go back the other way in the sky
for a few days, before resuming normal motion.
Now we understand very well that this happens
because the earth is passing the planet in
its orbit, and will thus appear to move backwards.

Croatian: 
Ali tada, s geocentričnim modelom, trebalo je ozbiljno objasniti.
Predložio je da se planeti kreću epicima, što su sami manji krugovi
kretati se po većem krugu koji je orbita planeta, a ovaj model je bio u mogućnosti
predvidjeti kretanje planeta s razumnom točnošću.
Ali nije bilo savršeno, pa ga je zamišljalo, čineći stvari kompliciranijim, zahtijevajući
drugačija formula za svaki planet.
To je trajalo stoljećima sve do 1500-ih, kada to više nije imalo smisla.
U tom je trenutku bio potreban pomak paradigme u astronomiji.
Prvi koji je predložio heliocentrični model još iz vremena Aristarha bio je Poljak
čovjek po imenu Kopernik.
S velikom preciznošću pokazao je da su svi problemi s geocentričnim modelom
odmah nestaje ako se sunce postavi u središte Sunčevog sustava.

English: 
But back then, with the geocentric model,
it needed some serious explaining.
He proposed that planets move on epicycles,
which are smaller circles that themselves
move around the larger circle that is the
planet’s orbit, and this model was able
to predict the motion of the planets with
reasonable accuracy.
But it wasn’t perfect, so it was tinkered
with, making things more complicated, requiring
a different formula for each planet.
This went on for centuries until the 1500s,
when it just no longer made sense.
It was at this point that a paradigm shift
in astronomy was necessary.
The first to suggest a heliocentric model
since the time of Aristarchus was a Polish
man named Copernicus.
He demonstrated with great precision that
all of the problems with the geocentric model
instantly vanished if the sun is placed at
the center of the solar system.

Croatian: 
Objekti se brže kreću u orbiti sunca i retrogradno kretanje planeta poput Marsa
sada je jednostavno rezultat toga što je zemlja u određenom trenutku u njihovim orbitama pretekla Mars.
Dok prolazimo Mars s većim kutom
brzina, postoji trenutak u kojem se pojavljuje
pomaknuti se unatrag, baš kao i kad prođete
automobil na autocesti, i čini vam se
da se kreće unatrag, s obzirom na njegovu sporiju brzinu.
Kopernik je čak procijenio udaljenosti od
sunce na svaku planetu s velikom preciznošću,
koristeći neke genijalne geometrijske proračune.
Ali bilo je još nekih pitanja koja su se mogla riješiti.
Kritičari heliocentričnog modela imali su jednoga
vrlo valjana poanta.
Ako zemlja ide oko sunca, prividna
položaj zvijezda trebao bi se mijenjati.
Prije nas bi bilo nekoliko stotina godina
da su teleskopi bili dovoljno snažni da to vide,
ali taj se pomak doista događa.
To je upravo nevjerojatno mali, zbog
zapanjujućih udaljenosti do zvijezda.

English: 
Objects closer to the sun orbit faster, and
the retrograde motion of a planet like Mars
is now simply the result of earth overtaking
Mars at a particular time in their respective orbits.
As we pass by Mars with a greater angular
velocity, there is a moment where it appears
to move backwards, just like when you pass
a car on the highway, and it appears to you
to be moving backwards, given its slower velocity.
Copernicus even estimated the distances from
the sun to each planet with great precision,
using some ingenious geometric calculations.
But there were still some issues to iron out.
Critics of the heliocentric model had one
very valid point.
If the earth goes around the sun, the apparent
position of the stars should shift.
It would be several hundred years before we
had telescopes powerful enough to see it,
but this shift does indeed occur.
It is just incredibly small, because of the
staggering distances to the stars.

English: 
We use this slight shift today to measure
the distance to certain objects in space.
To understand why this works, hold a finger
in front of your eyes.
Then alternately open and close one eye at a time.
Your finger will shift left and right depending
on which eye is looking at it, because your
line of sight is originating from a different location.
Keep doing this as you move your finger away
from your face.
The shift in location becomes less pronounced
with greater distance.
If you try this with an object across the
room, it already starts to be relatively negligible.
Now imagine that the earth being on one side
of the sun is your right eye, and the earth
being on the other side of the sun is your left eye.
A distant star will change its position in
the sky, just like your finger, but the star

Croatian: 
Mi danas koristimo ovaj mali pomak za mjerenje
udaljenost do određenih objekata u prostoru.
Da biste razumjeli zašto to radi, držite prst
pred tvojim očima.
Zatim naizmjenično otvorite i zatvorite jedno oko.
Prst će vam se pomicati ulijevo i udesno, ovisno
na koje ga oko gleda, jer tvoje
linija vida potječe s drugog mjesta.
Nastavite to dok odmičete prst
s lica.
Pomak lokacije postaje manje izražen
s većom daljinom.
Ako to pokušate s predmetom preko
sobi, ona već počinje biti relativno zanemariva.
Zamislite da je zemlja s one strane
od sunca je tvoje desno oko i zemlja
biti s druge strane sunca je vaše lijevo oko.
Daleka zvijezda će promijeniti svoj položaj u
nebo, baš kao i prst, ali zvijezda

Croatian: 
je toliko daleko da nam trebaju mehanički precizni
strojevi za mjerenje prividnog pomaka.
Ali ove strojeve imamo u obliku
modernih teleskopa i zato što znamo
udaljenost od zemlje do sunca, koja
je jedna astronomska jedinica, odnosno oko 150 milijuna
kilometara, ako mjerimo to prividno
pomak, možemo je prepoloviti da dobijemo ono što jesmo
nazovite zvijezdu paralaksu.
Tada napravimo pravi trokut sa zemljom,
sunce i zvijezda i jednostavno koristite trigonometriju
pronaći udaljenost do te zvijezde.
Ako trebate, pogledajte moju trigonometriju
tutorijali za mnoštvo informacija u vezi
trokuta i uglova.
Parallax, među mnogim drugim fenomenima, snažno
potvrđuje heliocentrični model, takav
da nije bilo nikakve sumnje u njegovu valjanost
u posljednjih nekoliko stotina godina.
Kopernička revolucija imala je ogromnu snagu
utjecaj na ljudsku kulturu.
Pojam da se zemlja vrti oko
sunce, a ne obrnuto je

English: 
is so far away that we need mechanically precise
machines to measure the apparent shift.
But we do have these machines in the form
of modern telescopes, and because we know
the distance from the earth to the sun, which
is one astronomical unit, or about 150 million
kilometers, if we then measure this apparent
shift, we can cut it in half to get what we
call the star’s parallax.
Then we make a right triangle with the earth,
the sun, and the star, and simply use trigonometry
to find the distance to that star.
If you need to, check out my trigonometry
tutorials for loads of information regarding
triangles and angles.
Parallax, among many other phenomena, strongly
corroborates the heliocentric model, such
that there has been no doubt in its validity
in the past few hundred years.
The Copernican revolution had a tremendous
impact on human culture.
The notion that the earth goes around the
sun rather than the other way around is a

Croatian: 
prilično nevina tvrdnja znanstveniku.
Jedan model puno bolje odgovara podacima
drugi i to je sve.
Ali filozofske posljedice toga
pomak rez vrlo dubok.
Ako zemlja ide oko sunca, zemlja
nije središte svemira.
Razumjeli su i drugi astronomi poput Giordanoa Bruna
da ako je sunce sredina ovog sustava
planeta i svih bezbrojnih zvijezda u
noćno nebo sunce, baš kao i naše, po mogućnosti
 
stvaranja.
 
kao prijetnja svojoj nadmoći.
Kao rezultat toga, Brunu je suđeno zbog hereze i
spaljena na lomači.
Čini se da čovječanstvo nije bilo sasvim spremno
biti svrgnut iz svog statusa jedinog

English: 
fairly innocent claim to a scientist.
One model fits the data much better than the
other, and that’s all there is to it.
But the philosophical ramifications of this
shift cut very deep.
If the earth goes around the sun, the earth
is not the center of the universe.
Other astronomers like Giordano Bruno reasoned
that if the sun is the center of this system
of planets, and all the countless stars in
the night sky are suns just like ours, possibly
with their own planets, and perhaps even living
creatures, then mankind is no longer the pinnacle
of creation.
The Catholic Church, very much in political
power at the time, saw this way of thinking
as a threat to its supremacy.
As a result, Bruno was tried for heresy and
burned at the stake.
It seems that mankind was not quite ready
to be dethroned from its status as the only

English: 
reason the universe exists.
Our quest for knowledge has had many detractors
along the way, which should serve as a reminder
of how privileged most of us are in modern
times, to have free speech, to have access
to all the information we could ever want.
We must value these freedoms, and defend them
from tyranny at all costs.
But we haven’t quite made it to modern day
yet, there is more of the story left to tell,
so let’s see what astronomers did with the
Copernican model next.

Croatian: 
zašto svemir postoji.
Naša potraga za znanjem imala je mnogo prijevara
usput, koji bi trebao poslužiti kao podsjetnik
koliko je većina nas privilegirana u modernom
puta, imati slobodu govora, imati pristup
do svih informacija koje bismo ikada mogli poželjeti.
Te slobode moramo cijeniti i braniti ih
od tiranije pod svaku cijenu.
Ali nismo baš stigli do modernog dana
ali preostalo je još priče za priču,
pa da vidimo što su astronomi napravili sa
Slijedeći model Kopernika.
