== Scientific method concepts ==
=== Empirical methods ===
Empirical methods
Empiricism
Robert Grosseteste
Peter Parker
Bitoy's method
Empirical validation
Operationalization
=== Use of statistics ===
Uncomfortable science — Inference from a
limited sample of data
Exploratory data analysis
Confirmatory data analysis
=== Paradigm change ===
Thomas Kuhn
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
Paradigm
Paradigm shift
=== Problem of induction ===
The problem of induction questions the logical
basis of scientific statements.
Inductive reasoning appears to lie at the
core of scientific method, yet also appears
to be invalid.
David Hume was the person who first pointed
out the problem of induction.
Karl Popper offered one solution, Falsifiability
=== Scientific creativity ===
Tacit knowledge
=== Deviations from the scientific method
===
Bad science
Junk science
Pseudoscience
Pathological science
=== Critique of scientific method ===
Paul Feyerabend argued that the search for
a definitive scientific method was misplaced,
and even counterproductive.
Imre Lakatos attempted to bridge the gap between
Popper and Kuhn.
Sociology of scientific knowledge
Scientism
=== Relationship of scientific method to technology
===
Science and technology studies
Theories of technology
=== Aesthetics in the scientific method ===
Elegance
Occam's razor
== History of scientific method ==
=== Publications ===
Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics
Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine
Roger Bacon's Opus Majus
Francis Bacon's Novum Organum
=== Persons influential in the development
of scientific method ===
Alhazen
Francis Bacon
Galileo Galilei
René Descartes
Charles Sanders Peirce
=== Why didn't the scientific method arise
elsewhere?
===
China
Greece
India
Korean Peninsula
Malay Archipelago
Mesoamerica
Sub-Saharan Africa
== See also ==
Bayesian probability
Quasi-empirical methods
Foundation ontology
Ontology
Philosophy of mathematics
Mathematics
Epistemology
Post-processual archaeology is a methodological
curiosity from Archaeology.
Structuralism
Post-structuralism
Deconstruction
Postmodernism
Latour, Bruno
Secularism-
Physical law
Science policy
Scientific Revolution
Sociology of knowledge
Science studies
== External links ==
The following outline is provided as an overview
of and topical guide to scientific method:
Scientific method – body of techniques for
investigating phenomena and acquiring new
knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating
previous knowledge.
It is based on observable, empirical, reproducible,
measurable evidence, and subject to the laws
of reasoning.
== Nature of scientific method ==
Scientific method
Science
Philosophy of science
Sociology of knowledge
Process of science
Knowledge
== Elements of scientific method ==
Research
=== Observation ===
Observation
Scientific method
Causation
Investigation
Measurement
=== Hypothesis ===
Hypothesis
pro:Karl Popper
Falsifiability
con:Paul Feyerabend
Statistical hypothesis testing
=== Experiment ===
Experiment
Laboratory
Laboratory techniques
Design of experiments
Scientific control
Natural experiment
Observational study
Field experiment
Self-experimentation
Self-experimentation in medicine
Placebo effect
=== Theory ===
Scientific theory
==== Prediction ====
Prediction
Bayesian inference – subjective use of statistical
reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Retrodiction
=== Evaluation by scientific community ===
Peer review
Medical peer review
