In the last lecture, we talked about we started
with the evolution of the heritage conservation,
we talked about how it has changed and we
talked about the Venice Charter that the international
Charter for the conservation.
We have talked about this Athens Charter that
how it led to the Venice Charter and what
are the basic tenets of this articles and
what it tried to say or establish through
the articles.
Now, after the Venice Charter was established
and given a guideline or a pathway way forward
to take care of our heritage all over the
world, certain international organization
also came up and which in their capacity or
role different role, they tried to sort of
given a guideline and each of this organization
has a different role to play.
By that time, we will see that the second
world war already happened, a lot of demolition
destruction happened basically in Europe and
some other countries we lost a lot of our
heritage and that time it was very important
to see that how what should be the next course
of action.
One very important organization who plays
very important role is UNESCO, United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
established in 1945 and this is the organization
which takes care of the world heritage and
works for both tangible and intangible heritage
a very important role, not only in the field
of heritage, but in very other different,
many other different fields talked about,
but in the cultural organization heritage
comes a part of that, ICCROM the International
Centre for the Study of the Preservation and
Restoration of Cultural Property which is
there in Rome.
It is an international organization, a training
organization, it over the years played very
important role to train people from all over
the world to and from various discipline to
take care of the heritage and it also has
changed, it makes manuals, training courses
till now and it is very important in the field
of training and dissipation of knowledge and
research.
ICOMOS which is an international council of
monument and size is a nongovernmental organization
is an NGO, 1965.
This plays a very important role in the cultural
heritage and it actually as an advisory role
for on matters of world heritage to UNESCO
and it has a chapters, local centers all over
the world.
It had, it organizes conventions just the
2017, the ICOMOS major general assembly and
scientific conference happened in New Delhi
where the theme was democracy and conservation.
ICOMOS plays a with all the chapters and it
has local scientific committees and NGO and
plays in terms of conservation, guidelines,
training, awareness, advisory capacity, it
is also a very important role basically for
cultural heritage.
IUCN which is the International Union for
the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources,
it talks about basically the landscape, nature,
natural objects and other.
So, we see their various ICOMOS and IUCN they
are more or less of similar organization whereas,
ICOMOS talks about the tangible and intangible
heritage, IUCN basically talks about the nature
and very recently there has been effort to
see that these two organizations, the apex
bodies they actually has a lot of common interest
and the movement and thought has been going
on that how to combine their knowledge how
to put them together.
So, that there is a much more interaction
interchange of things are happened because
which many of times we will see, we cannot
really distinguish between the tangible cultural
heritage and the nature and the intangible
heritage, they are all very integrated.
Now, these are the major bodies which are
there and also the Council of Europe which
in basically in European context in 1947 under
this after the Second World War and in between
the war periods it played a very important
role, basically the Eurocentric conservation
movement and approach.
There are of course, each and every country
has their own charters, either as a member
of ICOMOS or IUCN, we will talk about that
the Indian scenario they play a very important
role.
So, these are some of the apex organization
which are very important when we talk about
the conservation and heritage.
ICOM which is the International Council of
Museums, which is also an NGO, it is very
related to that because when we talking about
a heritage it is not important, not only important
to preserve the heritage, but it is also important
to share our heritage with the people.
So, in that case the museum, the site museum
and the museum different types of museum are
very important.
So, IUCN and ICOM and ICOMOS these all these
NGO’s with their own expertise, own membership
on local chapters and convention and charters,
all of them actually work hand in hand for
towards the same goal conservation of our
heritage, which we have inherited from the
past and to keep or take it to the future
generation .
Now, as I told you that these are the apex
body, but there are certain guidelines that
should be there on the education because this
is a very important part that how to create
the conservation professional.
So, there are certain guidelines on education
and training in the conservation of monument
ensemble and the sides.
So, we will talk about these some of the training
guidelines and see that what are the basic
sort of an ideology which they are talking
about.
The first ones talks about the object of conservation
is to prolong the life of cultural heritage
and if possible, to clarify the artistic and
historical messages therein without the lost
of authenticity and meaning.
So, the training guidelines first talking
about the object of conservation to prolong
the life of the cultural heritage continuity,
conservation is a cultural, artistic, technical
and craft activity based on humanistic and
scientific studies and systematic research.
So, this not only the aesthetic part, but
the scientific research, the documentation
systemic research, all are very important
arms of when we see conservation as a discipline.
Conservation must respect the cultural concept,
while on one hand we talk about the international
movement of conservation, there is also realization
that each culture has its own meaning, own
way of looking at that heritage and that must
be respected within the broader umbrella of
this basic aim and objective of taking care
of our heritage.
One personality which I have talked about
when I was talking about the approaches of
conservation and Sir Bernard Feilden and he
was a director general of ICCROM for a long
time and played a very important role for
a lot of the conservation professionals basically
in India because he was the one who started
the Charles Wallace Trust Foundationship and
internationally he is also recognized as a
pioneer in the field of the training and then
I am quoting him that he talked about his
writing through his writing and his lectures
that, what is an historic building?
He talks about the briefly an historic building
is one that gives us a sense of wonder and
makes us want to know more about the people
and culture that produced it so, it is very
interesting he is talking the history, but
here the product, the building is seen as
a reflection of the people and the culture
who made it and that is intangible, building
is the tangible product.
So, we must understand this basic essence
that what is the history and what is a historic
building, it is not what we see as a product
fabric and other, but it actually it has the
people who built it, their culture which is
imbibed in that historic fabric and that is
what is very important to understand.
While I talk about the value and significance
I actually refer Sir Bernard quite a lot from
his writing and he says again here, “a historic
building has an architectural, aesthetic,
historic, documentary, archaeological, economic,
social and even political, spiritual and symbolic
values, but the first impact is always emotional,
for it is a symbol of our cultural identity
and continuity, a part of our heritage.
If it is survived the hazards of 100 years
of usefulness, it has a good claim to being
called historic”.
So, not only he, there are many, many other
experts who actually talked about the basic
essence of history of conservation.
We must understand that what they were trying
to talk about when they are talking about
historicity or historic building.
One of his book Bernard, Sir Bernard is ’Conservation
of Historic Building’ that is a very important
book, where he talks about his philosophy,
the process of documentation, it is a good
reference book and if you can avail of this
book in your library and other things or from
some sort of a library either in the soft
copy or hard copy, it is a very important
document which can be followed from time to
time, can be referred from time to time.
Now, while in ICCROM they are talking about
basically the training of conservation, they
carefully drafted a policy that what should
be the competence in the heritage conservation.
There are certain guidelines which are given
in article 5 and we must see that because
it is not only enough to understand the values
and significance of conservation, but it is
also important to develop a competence expertise
to deal with the historic fabric or the heritage.
So, first of all they talk about the recognized
heritage resource within a context, the context
is very important, context of culture, the
context of the site as we can see that for
example, the Hampi Bazaar in Hampi.
Hampi in Karnataka is a historical world heritage
site and it has a context, it is a huge area.
Now, it comes under a total development management
plan for Hampi and we see that here there
are the local people, there are the tradition,
there the natural landscape in the form of
water, in form of the stone rocks, in form
of a people, the local people who have been
there this.
So, we cannot really dissociate the historic
structures apart from the context, this context
is historical, context is the site, context
is the landscape, context is the people, their
value, their significance.
So, this context must be taken into consideration
when we try to understand and recognize the
heritage resources.
So, what it says read a monument, ensemble
or site and identify its emotional, cultural
and use significance; we have extensively
talked about value and significant in our
earlier lectures.
Understand the history and technology of the
monuments.
History and technology of the monument.
What is technology of the monument?
How it was constructed?
What was the material?
What was the fabrication detail?
So, that is the technology of the monument
so, understand the history and technology
of the monuments, ensembles or sites in order
to define their identity, planned for their
conservation, and interpret the results of
this research.
So, is always a conservation specialist has
to have a lot of research to understand not
only the context, but also the technology
of the monuments and in order to define their
identity understand the setting of the monument,
ensemble on the site, their context and the
surroundings, in relation to other building,
gardens or landscape; this can be a small
area, this can be a huge area, this can be
a part of a city, this can be a one singular
structure, it can be a group of structures,
but what is important to understand that where
it is, what context historically, site wise,
landscape wise and along with the people.
Find and absorb all available sources of information
relevant to the monument, ensemble or site
being studied.
So, what it is emphasizing is the need of
the research not only the documentation of
the building or the structure as we see, but
also the need of the research document through
various disciplines, the technological artistic
history that makes a very important part before
we start intervening in the structure.
So, a conservation specialist should develop
these expertise and be aware of that be expert
in that.
After that research which is also is an ongoing
process a very important part is the survey
and documentation.
So, when we talking about the survey and documentation
what it is talking about is understand and
analyze the behavior of the monuments, ensembles
on the site as a complex system.
So, it is talking about a system not only
what is visible in our eyes that how it has
worked over the years, how the things are
interrelated.
Diagnose the intrinsic and extrinsic causes
of decay as a basis for appropriate action.
How the decay has happened?
What are the reasons for decay?
This diagnosis is a very important before
we intervene to the structure that what really
it is just not seeing a damage and then start
repairing it, what really is the reason and
there may be various options, various causes.
So, if you do not understand the root cause,
it should not intervene before that, it may
take some time, but it is absolutely important
while doing the service.
So, it is not only just a measured drawing,
there is a research part which is very important.
Inspect and make reports intelligible to non
specialist readers of monuments, ensembles
or site illustrated by graphic means such
as sketches and photographs.
Remember that conservation is a multidisciplinary
approach, we have to talk to the local people,
talk to the authority, convince them.
It is very important to make the report onsite
report and the next stage reports, very important,
very clear because they are also important
as a document and they must be communicated
with the people and of all the disciplines.
So, these are, these reports are very important
parts also for the future generation even
before we take some sort of an intervention
measures.
So, as we see that there not only the identification
is important, the location, the functional
type, the dating if we have the evidence or
if you have to go and take some sort of a
research for that, who are the persons or
organization who are involved with that, the
building materials, the techniques, the physical
condition, the status of the structures each
and every element and the protection status.
All these various aspects have to be taken
care of when the documentation and the survey
is being done and preparing the report.
As we can see that that if you see that architectural
resource it is existing a new data and here
it is not just a machine drawing, but looking
into the old photographs, old drawings, old
information all are very important well while
we take or we make a report and for the documentation
of the structure, not only that.
So, it requires involvement of a lot of people
from a lot of disciplines, archaeologists,
historians, the local people and the monuments,
the museums they are not only important, but
also important is that the use of the technological
advancements to see the structural condition
that what are the parts which are damaged
or there is a water seepage and then on the
measured drawing, very authentic measured
drawing, accept measured drawing, these information
are also have to be reflected and this is
what we call the status.
We have to record the status report and each
and every element, their condition status
or have to be documented very clearly and
whatever technological advancements, tools
and equipment is required, we must take care
of that and then that makes a complete report.
Then third it says about understand and apply
the International Doctrine, we have talked
about the Venice Charter.
There are many other doctrines, depending
on what type of structure, what type of resources,
heritage resources we are considering and
we have to understand the International Doctrine
for that like the natural landscape there
may be a Ramsar convention for the wetland
convention.
So, depending on there may be the intangible
heritage so, there are different doctrines
which has been developing over the years.
So, we have to understand that and know understand
and apply the UNESCO conventions and recommendation
and ICOMOS and other recognized charters,
regulations and the guidelines.
There are many, many other regulations which
are there sometimes they are international,
sometimes they are local, national and other.
So, we have to understand these doctrines
and we have to intervene according trying
to following these approaches under their
guidelines.
Now, when we are talking about the International
Doctrine, the UNESCO as I told is a very important.
The UNESCO has convention, it has recommendation
and it has declaration, there are three types
majorly when it talks about that these are
all available in the UNESCO website and ICOMOS
has their various charters, council of Europe
also have convention and recommendation, they
are all very important documents which are
all available on the website, one can refer
that and see that what they talk about, they
become a very important resource material
in understanding and taking care of our heritage
while we are documenting and studying them.
Just to mention some of the international
doctrines, there are many, many, many more,
but I am just mentioning some of them like
2005, there was a Diversity of cultural expressions,
we can see also the logos of each one of them,
2003 there was a Doctrine for Intangible Cultural
Heritage, 2001 Underwater Cultural Heritage,
1972 the World Heritage Convention was there,
1970 Illicit trafficking because a lot of
these, a parts of the monuments and the relics
are illegally taken away from their very place
of origin, there is a convention for that
and 1954, The Hague Convention.
So, they are some of the doctrines which are
there and we must take care of understand
that and understand that how we should sort
of take help of these doctrines before we
take intervention measures.
As we talked about that we should understand
and apply the international doctrines, we
talked about know understand and apply UNESCO
convention and recommendation and the other
chapters.
We also have to make a balanced judgment based
on shared ethical principles and accept responsibility
for the long term welfare of cultural heritage.
Now, when we are talking about heritage I
mean we started from the Venice Charter, there
was a recognition that it is our shared heritage.
Shared heritage comes in a very different
way because not only something which is important
for the entire mankind, there are lot of heritage
which may have been produced in one country,
but because of the influences of other cultures
or other nations and these are all shared
built heritage or shared cultural heritage
because culture is something which is not
compartment and in a compartment.
It actually interacts, it sort of imbibes,
it gives and takes a lot of things.
So, when we need talk about a culture, this
sharing and how many, many heritage which
are there, we will talk about some of them
which comes under the shared built heritage
and how many cultures get involved and we
have to understand those ensemble, structures,
monuments or sites from that perspective and
until and unless we understand that, we until
and unless we accept the responsibility for
the long term welfare of cultural heritage,
it does not mean anything, we that, that that
talking about the larger scenario is very
important part when we talk about our heritage
and conservation.
And while we are talking about that as we
say the sharing is a very important part so,
collaborate in conservation management, the
not only we the technical important and the
rules and doctrines are important, the management
is a very important part, more and more this
management aspect of conservation is being
realized and so, this collaborative effort
between the different countries, between different
nation, between different types of expertise
are being recognized more and more and so,
this collaboration becomes a very important
part of the conservation movement which has
been, which is a part of the training.
Recognize when advice must be sought if you
remember the Abu Simbel Temple reconstruction,
actually experts from all over the world came
and helped depending on their expertise and,
even now Archaeological Survey of India has
been involved in conservation restoration
of many countries for example, Bamiyan Buddha,
it was restored earlier under ASI’s guidance,
their involvement.
Again Cambodia is another example, there are
many examples where international collaboration
goes on and to take care of the heritage and
that is the spirit of heritage.
So, recognize when advice must be sought and
define the areas of the need of study by different
specialists, wall paintings, sculptures and
object of artistic and historical values and
our studies of material and system.
So, you can see that it is this collaborative
effort between the different countries, definition
and expertise is a very important part when
we talk about our heritage, to give expert
advice on maintenance strategies, management
policies and the policy framework for environmental
protection and preservation of monuments and
their content.
So, conservation is a learning process, we
learn from the people, we learn from the local
craftsmen, we learn from the experts and these
is actually the spirit when we talk about
our heritage and this should be the spirit.
A very well known example of this collaborative
in conservation management is the very well
known example is the Humayun’s Tomb Conservation
is a world heritage site, is an ASI monument,
Archaeological Survey of Indian and this is
the first example, a very good example where
ASI actually opened up and it invited not
only the experts from all over the world,
who whenever depending on what was required,
it also trained the local craftsmen.
It took the financial support from the private
organizations Aga Khan Trust and the Tata’s
came in a very big way to support that and
it is an epitome of a collaborative practice
of heritage and now it is a world famous example
of that and it has been preserved, not only
the monument has been preserved.
This is a very good example of the social
and the local participation where this adjoining
area of Nizamuddin Basti and also a nursery
from the British time, they become a part
of this heritage.
So, it is not confined within a particular
period, not confined only as a symbol of one
particular nation or a symbol of one particular
type of culture.
It is an example that how a collaborative
participative approach of conservation can
lead us to the future and open ended view
sought actually is a very important part of
this type of conservation management.
So, as a part of that we must understand that
in such cases the document works executed
and makes them accessible to people, not only
just keeping them in museum or under a safe
custody the sharing is very important and
making them accessible.
The work should be multidisciplinary groups
using sound methods where, as I told you that
whatever expertise is required, it has to
be brought it and training and awareness is
a very important part.
To be able to work with inhabitants, administrators
and planners to resolve conflicts when we
talk in this type of environment with the
multiple stakeholders is not an easy task,
to convince you have to resolve the conflict.
So, management is a very important part and
based on that the conservation strategies,
which is appropriate to the local need abilities
and resources as I told you that this Humayun’s
Tomb collaboration, the Nizamuddin Basti and
this entire initiative is a very important
example of this type of collaboration in the
conservation management.
And because of this need for collaboration
some of the concepts are emerging.
And as we see that we found out that the UNESCO
has the convention recommendation and international
campaign which is a very important part apart
from the declarations.
As a part of that campaign they maintain and
increase and diffuse the knowledge because
as I said the sharing is a very important
part and assuring the conservation and protection
of the world inheritance of books, works of
art, monument of history and science.
They must be documented and this must be shared
and made accessible, you can go to the UNESCO
world heritage site science and other, you
can see a lot of publications are there and
first major that the encouraging cooperation
among the nation in all branches of intellectual
activity is very important part of this type
of collaborative effort.
Now, as we talked about the traditional approach
of conservation, we talked about the Romantic
Conservation during the renaissance time,
we also talked about the modern conservation
movement, the Venice Charter and other where
we talk more often internationalization or
a global movement in the field of conservation
and different doctrines and different organization
playing important [Time : 31:42] part in training,
in conservation expertise and collaboration.
But we must understand that this is also not
a static, this is not changing.
In post 1989 and after the globalization we
find that the lot of even how the old structures
will be viewed, that entire approach is also
changing.
So, let us talk a little bit about the heritage
in the age of globalization in post 1989.
So, if you can see some of the basic points,
in during this the recent time, one is that
the shift from a nationalistic to international
global perspective, it happened.
It started with a Venice Charter and other,
there due to the globalization it is becoming
more and more, this globalization, this international
or a global perspective.
Another thing which is of much concern is
the growing commercialization of the heritage
and disappearance of ancient regime of monument
centric conservation.
It has now become more people centric conservation,
this is a major shift which is also happening
and we must take note of that.
Territory of intangible heritage or memory
landscape, what is this intangible heritage
or more than the product or monument or structure.
Now, we are seeing a shift towards the intangible
heritage, the people’s, their value, their
ethics, the practices and beliefs not only
that, but it is a memory landscape, please
take some example of that.
Or what is a memory landscape you saying?
Dissolution of the real monuments, intangible
heritage, cultural landscape and memory landscape,
this is one of the theme which is recurring
again and again in the present time.
Let us take this example which is the Ghetto
Heroes Square, Krakow, Poland.
Krakow, this is actually a square, where there
was a Ghetto during the Second World War where
the Jewish people were concentrated within
a particular part of the city in a Ghetto.
The walls were put up, they were not supposed
to, they are confined within that and these
actually was a part of that Ghetto.
So, what happened after that when that Poland,
as we have discussed about the Warsaw and
other reconstruction, but this is also happening
that this square, it has got now these 33
chairs which is made of brooms and timber
and they are an installation to as a part
of a remembrance to what happened there.
It is not actually just pictures or reconstructing
the Ghetto or reconstructing or keeping the
wall, they are an installation, the artist’s
interpretation are sort of a memory landscape
and this type of way of communicating the
history or remembering the history may be
positive or negative incident is also becoming
a part of the conservation movement and this
is what we call the memory landscape and many
places it is also related with tourism and
other, but it has its much in-depth meaning.
Also we see that because of the world heritage
status and the tourism promotion or the tourist
promotion, the network of world heritage cities
are becoming very important and also the urban
heritage branding.
For example, and where we are seeing a change
from the earlier euro-centric conservation
approach to a different approach of conservation
which is also happening all over the world.
Europe, United States, Japan, India, Korea
and other places we see this approach.
For example, if you take of Gyeongbokgung
Palace in Korea, it is actually pronounced
as Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul in Korea,
what happened that this is a case by itself
that where during the Japanese invention there
was a structure which came up and it was a
museum for some time and then it sort of,
there were certain incidents and it got sort
of a demolished and the original structure
got demolished and a new structure came up
which was used as a museum during the Japanese
invention.
So, while doing the reconstruction that building
was completely demolished, the Japanese building
and which was built during the Japanese regime.
The old temple was reconstructed and then
we see that these arches or the gateways what
we see, they are actually facsimile reconstruction
of the old structure.
They are not authentic in that way, but these
are attracting a lot of tourist, tourist branding
as a famous tourist spot.
So, we see a change in the interpretation
of heritage, the, a change in the approach
to the authenticity what we have seen in the
modern movement is now changing and it is
all related in a way also not only the modern
or postmodern interpretation of heritage,
but also it is related with the tourism and
branding and interconnectedness and other
factors.
So, this is also something which was understand
that at this age of globalization, there is
some sort of a change in the established doctrines
what we have seen in the earlier time.
The authenticity, integrity what we have talked
about, what we have talked about, what should
be the restoration and preservation, they
are changing.
There is a shift in the change in their meaning
and we must try to understand this in today’s
context.
So, this emerging concept, one of the very
important this emerging concept is talking
about no longer the monument, but the monument
structures these as a part of the cultural
landscape.
This is one of the emerging concept where
I quote “illustrative of the evolution of
the human society and settlement over time,
under the influence of the physical constraint
and our opportunities presented by their natural
environment and of successive social, economic
and cultural forces, both external and internal”.
So, while we see that here the heritage is
not only the physical part, but it is the
cultural landscape which is very important
and what is culture, it is not only the physical
part, but it is talking about the economic,
the social and cultural forces both intrinsic
and extrinsic which actually form that heritage
and these are taken as a evolution of the
society and this as a whole is now becoming
very important when we are talking about the
heritage things.
So, the cultural landscape is what we are
talking about today and becoming very, very
important and as a part of that there is a
historic urban landscape or HUL, UNESCO declared
in 2011 which addresses the need to better
integrate, the frame, integrated frame the
urban heritage conservation strategies within
larger goals of overall sustainable development.
As we see the sustainable development is encompassing
our entire development scenario, it is also
becoming a very important part of heritage
conservation where the quality of human environment
is becoming more and more important.
Though historic urban landscape is a very
emerging concept of conservation approach
and where entire heritage panorama and looking
at the heritage is taking a new meaning and
a new interpretation.
What it talks about?
It talks about a landscape approach where
landscape approach is not only just the greenery,
but for identifying, conserving and managing
the historic area within the broader urban
contexts, by considering the interrelationships
of their physical forms, their spatial organization
and connection and the natural features and
the settings.
So, physical form, the spatial organization,
natural features of the setting they are all
combined and seen as a process that what type
of culture, what type of political, what type
of economy, what type of society produced
them and how it has evolved over the years
and that is what is historic urban landscape
approach.
So, we are seeing an ensemble or building
or a structure or an area as a, as a product
of that and that process is what we are trying
to address and that should be interpreted,
preserved, understood and there lies the significance.
So, the social cultural and economic values
which are ingrained in those urban landscape
or historic landscape becomes a very important,
how it has evolved over the years.
So, Humayun’s Tomb which I have mentioned
actually these actually very good example
of this historic urban landscape approach
because it talks about Humayun’s tomb which
was a different period of history.
It talks about the Nizamuddin Basti, the people
who are staying there and the Dargah of Nizamuddin
and then also there is a nursery which is
a renewal and initiative.
The so, it is the awareness integrating of
different periods of history, the process
and then also involving them in training them
and incorporating them in the entire process,
this is what is an emerging concept of conservation
and as a result we see the world heritage.
We talked about the world heritage is very
evolving even the concept of world heritage
we talked about later on is also changing.
Here we see that very recently Ahmedabad is
the world heritage, as a first world heritage
city in India has been declared and where
it is not only the monument structures or
the layers of history, but the movement pattern,
the community, the believes, intangible heritage
all are part of this recognition.
And so, it is the recognition of the social
and cultural values in urban areas not only
the monuments, but the normal structures,
their craftsmanship, the people, the community
they are very important when we are talking
about these historic urban landscape value
and the world heritage status.
According to that, I mean because as these
approaches are changing, the realization is
changing we see the different types of charters
or doctrines are emerging.
One is that is the Kyoto Vision of 2012, which
talks about “Only through strengthen relationships
between people and heritage, based on respect
for culture and biological diversity as a
whole, integrating both tangible and intangible
aspects and geared towards sustainable development,
will the ‘future we want’ will become
attainable.
So, we see there is a great shift, we are
talking about the people, we are talking about
the relationship of the people and the heritage
and the respect for not only the culture,
but biological diversity, there is a whole
and both tangible and intangible.
So, people becomes the focus, their value,
their heritage, their quality of life, the
diversity becomes a very important part of
the heritage and that is the future we want
to attend and that is the essence of Kyoto
Vision and that is where we stand today and
it is a challenging area and we have seen
that how it has evolved over the years.
So, as a summary we conclude that we have
seen the Antiquarian approach of conservation
where the archaeologist spins great stories
about culture from physical remnants of earlier
civilization.
We saw the Commemorative value where the historian
protects and tells the story of the historic
place through reconstruction of stage sets.
We saw the Aesthetic- the architect and architectural
historian recreates the heritage vocabulary
for example, the Williamsburg we talk about
that.
We also saw now what is there is the Ecological
bias of conservation where emphasizes a more
holistic view of the interconnectedness of
building, landscape and artifacts as a way
of understanding the world whereas, earlier
biases expressively used the object in isolation,
these approaches are much more integrative.
This 21st century approach is based on the
notion that artifact and ritual come together
to create the cultural reality so, the culture,
people, integration of the economic, social,
ritual, tangible, intangible and emphasis
on the evolutionary process and integration
of the natural and the built and the cultural
heritage and mainly for the encourage the
people as a center place and the quality of
the life of the living.
This is a very and not only the people I mean
all types of diversity, the ecological diversity,
the different types of species, flora and
fauna, that is the ecological bias of conservation
and that is the major focus as we have seen
today and due to that we see this the Kyoto
Vision, the historic urban landscape concepts
which are coming and which is totally changing
the how we are seeing the, how our heritage
resources and how we should take care of our
heritage.
It is a diversified approach, it is a panorama,
it is becoming more and more multidisciplinary,
becoming more or more challenging and that
is where we have to lead.
So, in the next lecture we will talk about
the world heritage sites and how the, what
are the convention and what are the criteria
of the world heritage site and then we will
talk about the other aspects.
Thank you.
But also we must understand that it is only
by integrating the commerce, culture and community
can we achieve a balance between urban growth
and quality of life on a sustainable basis.
So, this quality of life and achieving a balance
between the culture and community becomes
the major essence, the basic essence of conservation
or the heritage.
