
Serbian: 
Datum je 15ti Decembar 2010, 2449 sol misije Oportjuniti rovera u potrazi za
okeanima u prošlosti Marsa.
Do ovog momenta, Oportjuniti je prešao preko 25 km istražujući stene, kratere i
i izložene stene, prelažeći preko peščanih dina i ravnica.
Oblasti koje je istražio sadržale su dokaze koji ukazuju da su ove oblasti bile
redovno plavljene vodom, iako nije definitivno potvrđeno da li je postojala
stajaća voda poput okeana.
Marsovo okrutno okruženje je počelo da oštećuje Oportjuniti tako što su nekoliko
motora počeli da otkazuju i rover nije mogao da skupi svoju mehaničku ruku.
Naš istrajni šampion je upravo stigao do kratera Sveta Marija.
Ali za naučnike, najuzbudljiviji deo misije je bio na horizontu konačno.

English: 
The date is the 15th December 2010, 2449 sols
into Opportunity’s mission to find evidence
of past oceans on Mars.
Up until this point Opportunity had travelled
over 25km, investigating rocks, craters and
bedrock, while traversing sand dunes and plains.
The areas it had explored so far contained
clues that suggested that these areas were
regularly flooded by water, although it fell
short of confirming that a constant body of
water was present there, like an ocean.
Mars’ harsh environment had also started
taking its toll on Opportunity with some onboard
motors failing, meaning it couldn’t stow
its robotic arm away anymore.
Our persevering champion had just arrived
at Santa Maria crater.
But for scientists, the most exciting prospect
for the mission was finally on the horizon:

Serbian: 
Veliki krater širine 22 km gde su uočene naslage gline od strane MRO orbitera.
Glina je značajna jer je to hidrirani mineral, što ukazuje da je površinska voda
bila dugo vremena prisutna.
Ja sam Aleks Mekolgan i vi gledate Astrum, zajedno ćemo pratiti putovanje Oportjunitija i istražićemo
šta je to on video i otkrio oko kratera Endevor.
Nakon 3 meseca bez važnih otkrića kod kratera Sveta Marija, Oportjuniti se uputio
ka najbližem brdu na obodu kratera poznatijem kao Kejp Jork.
Usput je naišao na nekoliko malih kratera, neki su bili veoma mladi
sa materijalom koji je izbačen usled udara meteora.
Ali Oportjuniti se nije dugo zadržavao.
Približivši se Endevoru, Oportjuniti je konačno mogao da vidi varijacije u pejzažu
nakon godina putovanja preko ravnica punih peščanih dina.

English: 
a big, 22-km wide crater where clays had been
detected by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
Clays are significant because they are hydrated
minerals, meaning surface water was likely
to have pooled there for lengthy periods of
time.
I’m Alex McColgan, and you’re watching
Astrum, and together we will follow the journey
of Opportunity, and explore what it saw and
discovered around the Endeavour crater.
After spending 3 fairly uneventful months
at Santa Maria Crater, Opportunity headed
towards the closest hill on the crater rim,
known as Cape York.
Along the way, it came across a few small
craters, some of which were very young, with
ejecta from the impact strewn across the place.
But Opportunity didn’t stay for long.
Approaching Endeavour, Opportunity was finally
able to see some variation in the landscape
after years of simply crossing flat plains
of sand dunes.

English: 
Peaks and capes started to rise up on the
horizon as Opportunity approached the crater
rim.
On sol 2709, Opportunity finally arrived at
Cape York, and specifically a place known
as Spirit Point, named after Opportunity’s
sister rover, that had come to the end of
its mission on the other side of the planet
only a few months previously.
Opportunity had travelled over 30km up until
this point, 50 times further than the original
planned mission distance.
Mission planners decided not to go into the
crater, as points of interest were again found
around the rim of the crater.
Bedrock is exposed to the surface there, which
allowed Opportunity to study the oldest rocks
it had seen so far on this journey.
It was also around these peaks and capes along
the rim where the hydrated minerals, or clays,
were detected by the MRO.
Perched on top of Spirit Point, Opportunity
looked over Endeavour crater, providing a

Serbian: 
Vrhovi i brda su počeli da se izdižu iznad horizonta kako se Oportjuniti približavao ivici kratera.
 
Na sol 2709 Oportjuniti je konačno stigao do Kejp Jorka i do mesta nazvanog
Tačka Spirit, koje je dobilo ime po sestrinskom roveru koji je završio svoju misiju
na drugoj strani planete samo nekoliko meseci ranije.
Oportjuniti je prešao preko 30 km do ovog momenta, 50 puta duže od
planirane dužine misije.
Planeri misije su odlučili da ne ulaze u krater pošto su zanimljive lokacije
bile oko kratera, na njegovim ivicama.
Stene su tu izložene na površini što je omogućilo Oportjunitiju da ispita najstarije
stene koje je do sad video na svom putovanju.
Oko ovih vrhova i bregova na ivici kratera, nalazili su se i hidrirani minerali ili gline
koje je detektovao MRO orbiter.
Na proplanku Tačke Spirit, Oportjuniti je imao pogled na krater Endevor pružajući nam

English: 
perspective about just how big this crater
is.
From the onset, Opportunity began discovering
phenomena never before seen on Mars.
You may remember from previous episodes that
the soil found around the areas Opportunity
had thus far explored contained countless
smooth, tiny, round rocks nicknamed blueberries.
Around Endeavour, no blueberries were to be
found.
Instead the soil looks much coarser, the rocks
sharper and not as rounded.
Mission controllers were so impressed by the
variation of this area compared to the initial
landing site that they said that this section
of the mission provided the equivalent of
a second landing site for the price of one.
The first point of interest Opportunity examined
was a large ejecta rock called Tisdale 2.
It was unlike any other rock so far examined
on Mars.

Serbian: 
perspektivu o tome koliko je zapravo ogroman ovaj krater.
Na samom startu, Oportjuniti je počeo da otkriva fenomene koji do tada nisu viđeni na Marsu.
Možda se sećate iz prethodnih epizoda da je zemljište koje je Oportjuniti do sada istražio
sadržalo veliki broj sićušnih kuglica nazvanih borovnicama.
Oko Endevora, nigde nije bilo takvih kuglica.
Zemljište je bilo mnogo oštrije, stene su bile oštre i nisu bile zaobljene.
Kontrolori misije su bili impresionirani varijacijom terena u ovoj oblasti
u poređenju sa mestom sletanja rekavši da je ovaj deo misije
poput još jednog sletanja na Mars po ceni jednog.
Prva tačka istraživanja je bila velika stena nazvana Tisdale 2.
Stena nije bila ni nalik na bilo šta što je ispitano na Marsu do tada.

English: 
It had volcanic characteristics, but contained
more zinc and bromine than previous seen.
It was determined to be a type of breccia;
old rock fragments having been fused together.
This was further evidence for water.
The impact that threw this bit of ejecta likely
released hot, underground water that deposited
zinc in the rock.
Just a short distance from Tisdale 2, Opportunity
discovered perhaps the most conclusive evidence
that water existed on Mars thus far.
Can you guess what it is from this picture?
Look closely at the bottom of the image, and
you’ll see a thin white line exposed in
this outcrop.
A close-up examination of the vein revealed
it to be gypsum, the Alpha Particle X-ray
Spectrometer on the rover’s arm detecting
the minerals calcium and sulphur, together
making calcium sulphate.
They named this vein the Homestake deposit,
and it likely formed from water dissolving

Serbian: 
Imala ja vulkanske karakteristike ali je sadržala veće količine Cinka i Bromina nego što je pre viđeno.
Utvrđeno je da je to tip Breče; stena sadržana iz fragmenata starih stena koje su se spojile u jednu.
To je bio dodatni dokaz za postojanje vode.
Udar koji je izbacio ovoliko količinu stena je verovatno prouzrokovao izviranje vruće podzemne vode.
koja je nataložila Cink u stenu.
Na maloj udaljenosti od Tisdale 2 stene, Oportjuniti je pronašao možda i najubedljiviji dokaz
da je voda postojala na Marsu.
Da li na osnovu slike možete da zaključite šta je to?
Pogledajte detaljnije dno slike i videćete tanku belu liniju
koja se vidi na stenama.
Ispitivanje ove vene pomoću spektometra zračenjem alfa česticama  ukazalo je da je to gips.
Takođe su pronađeni Kalciju i Sumpor
sačinjavajući Kalcijum sulfat.
Nazvali su ovu venu Homestake deposit, i najverovatnije je nastala tako što je voda

Serbian: 
rastvorila kalcijum iz vulkanskih stena koji se povezao sa sumporom a zatim je nataložen
kao kalcijum sulfat u podzemni rased koji se kasnije pojavio na površini.
Udar koji je izbacio Tisdale 2 stenu je verovatno imao nekakve veze sa ovom venom.
Ako je to slučaj, to onda pokazuje da je voda tekla kroz podzemne rasede na Marsu.
Kasnije analize podataka koje je Oportjuniti sakupio pokazale su da ne samo da je to bio gips nego
je voda bila dosta manje kisela nego na drugim delovima planete
što dalje znači da je ova oblast mogla podržati život.
Marsovska zima je dolazila što je značilo kraće dane i sunce je bilo niže na horizontu.
Za rover koji ima solarne ćelije koje ne može da usmerava,
ovo nije bila idealna situacija.
Ali prvi put od početka misije, Oportjuniti je imao priliku da
zimu provede na nagibu koji bi ga usmerio ka Suncu, tako da bi ovu zimu,

English: 
calcium out of volcanic rocks which combined
with sulphur, and then was deposited as calcium
sulphate into an underground fracture that
later became exposed at the surface.
The impact that threw Tisdale 2 likely had
something to do with this vein as well.
If this is the case, it shows that water once
flowed through underground fractures on Mars.
Later analysis of the data Opportunity collected
showed that not only was this likely to be
gypsum, but also that the water here was much
less acidic than it would have been around
other locations on the planet, meaning it
could have been more conducive to life.
Martian winter was soon setting in, meaning
shorter days and a lower Sun in the sky.
For a solar powered rover that can’t adjust
the angle of its solar panels, this is not
the ideal situation.
But, for the first time since the mission
began, Opportunity had the opportunity to
spend the winter on a slope aimed towards
the Sun, meaning that for this winter, it

Serbian: 
bio ograničen na oblast koja se zove Greeley Haven.
Ova oblast osim što je bila nagnuta ka Suncu, bila je stenovita
što je značilo da Oportjuniti može da je istražuje tokom tih nekoliko meseci.
Ova panorama u 360 stepeni prikazuje tragove Oportjunitija dok se pažljivo
kretao ka svom zimskom smeštaju.
Činjenica da je rover morao da čeka u istom mestu nekoliko meseci je čak bila i dobra
zato što je instrument Mossbauer spektrometar u ruci rovera koristio Kobalt 57
da utvrdi sastav uzoraka.
Kobalt 57 ima polu vek od samo 9 meseci što je bilo prihvatljivo
za misiju u trajanju od 3 meseca.
Ali kako je ovo bila osma godina Oportjunitija , ispitivanje stena je trajalo
nedeljama u poređenju sa prvobitnih pola sata na početku misije.
Kada nije istraživao stene, mogao je da ispituje sićušne promene u
rotaciji Marsa kako bi imao bolji uvid u jezgro planete.

English: 
would be confined to an area named Greeley
Haven.
This area was not only aimed towards the Sun,
but was also rocky, meaning Opportunity had
a lot it could examine during these few months.
This 360-degree panorama shows the tracks
of Opportunity as it carefully navigated its
way to its winter lodgings.
The fact Opportunity had to wait a few months
in one spot was actually handy, as the Mössbauer
spectrometer in the rover’s arm uses radiation
from cobolt-57 to determine the composition
of a sample.
However, cobalt-57 has a half-life of only
nine months, which wouldn’t have been a
problem for a 3-month mission.
However, Opportunity was now 8 years in, and
examining the composition of a rock now took
weeks compared to the half hour it would have
taken at the beginning of the mission.
When it was not examining rocks, it could
also use the time to study tiny wobbles in
the rotation of Mars to gain insight about
the planet's core.

Serbian: 
Potrebno je mnogo nedelja radio praćenja lokacije na površini Marsa
kako bi se utvrdile minijaturne promene u osi rotacije planete, što ranije nije moglo da se uradi
jer je Oportjuniti bio uvek u pokretu.
Male promene u rotaciji koje su tražili bi bile indikator
da li je unutrašnjost Marsa tečna ili ne.
Čekanje je takođe značilo da Oportjuniti može da ispita efekte vetra na Marsovske dine
sa površinske perspektive čak i na nivou mikroskopa
na roverovoj ruci, tražeći sićušne promene tokom meseci u mirovanju.
Meseci su prošli i zima se polako pretvarala u leto.
Na Sol 2947 Oportjuniti je se pokrenuo po prvi put od kako je
mirovao na Greeley Havenu.
Srećom, sve je funkcionisalo kao i pre zime
i Oportjuniti se uputio ka sledećoj tački za istraživanje.

English: 
It requires many weeks of radio-tracking the
motion of a point on the surface of Mars to
measure changes in the spin axis of the planet,
something which couldn’t be done before
as Opportunity was always on the move.
The wobbles they were looking for would indicate
whether the interior of Mars is still molten
or not.
Opportunity’s wait also meant it could examine
the effects of wind on the dunes of Mars from
a ground perspective, even at a microscopic
level using the microscopic camera on the
rover’s arm, checking for slight changes
over the months it was stationary.
Months had passed, and winter was turning
again to summer.
On sol 2947, Opportunity moved again for the
first time since it set up camp in Greeley
Haven.
Luckily, everything that was functioning from
before seemed to still be functioning, and
Opportunity headed out to the next point of
interest.

English: 
MRO data suggested clays where present in
this area, and the mission team were determined
to find it.
A beckoning outcrop was spotted around sol
3057, and the microscopic camera revealed
something about it that no-one was expecting.
Much like Opportunity’s landing site, these
smooth polished ‘blueberry’ rocks were
observed, however, this time they were very
much a part of the rock.
They were also smaller than what Opportunity
had seen before, only a few millimetres in
diameter, and not rich in iron like the landing
site blueberries.
A few of the exposed blueberries observed
had been eroded away, revealing their internal
structure.
Scientists described these blueberries as
“crunchy on the outside, and softer in the
middle.
They are different in concentration.
They are different in structure.
They are different in composition.
They are different in distribution.”
It was quite the mystery.
Opportunity had just one more place to visit
on its trip around Cape York, and that was

Serbian: 
MRO podaci su ukazali na to da je glina prisutna u ovoj oblasti i kontrolori su bili
odlučni da je pronađu.
Izbočine stena su primećene na sol 3057 i mikroskopska kamera
je otkrila nešto što niko nije očekivao da vidi.
Kao i mesto sletanja Oportjuniti rovera, ove zaobljene borovnice su uočene
ali ovaj put su bile sastavni deo stene.
Takođe su bile manje od prethodnih koje je Oportjuniti video, samo nekoliko milimetara
u prečniku, a sa manjkom gvožđa u odnosu na borovnice sa mesta sletanja.
Nekoliko izloženih borovnica nisu bile istrošene erozijom
što je otkrilo njihovu unutrašnju strukturu.
Naučnici su opisali ove borovnice kao
"Hrskave spolja a mekane unutra.
One su drugačije u koncentraciji
One su drugačije u strukturi.
One su drugačije u sastavu.
One su drugačije u rasprostranjenosti."
To je zaista bila misterija.
Oportjuniti je imao još jedno mesto da ispita na svom putu oko Kejp Jorka

English: 
the clay patch dubbed ‘Whitewater Lake’.
On its way there, the Earth and Mars was just
going through a phase called solar conjunction,
where Mars is behind the Sun, which blocks
communications between mission controllers
and the rover.
This has happened a few times during the course
of the mission already, but this time Opportunity
gave mission controllers a bit of a scare,
as during the communication blackout, Opportunity’s
onboard computer reset into a standby mode.
Thankfully, communications were restored,
Opportunity booted back up properly, and it
carried on to Whitewater Lake.
And it was there Opportunity discovered "Esperance",
the pale rock in the upper centre of this
image, which is about the size of a human
forearm.
This was it; the treasure scientists had been
looking for.
Esperance's composition was found to be higher
in aluminium and silica, and lower in calcium

Serbian: 
i to je bio ogranak gline nazvan "Jezero Bele vode"
Na putu ka tamo, Zemlja i Mars su prolazili kroz fazu koja se zove Solarna konjukcija
gde se Mars nalazi iza Sunca, time blokirajući komunikaciju između kontrole misije
i rovera.
To se desilo nekoliko puta tokom misije ali  ovaj put je Oportjuniti
zaplašio kontrolore misije jer je tokom prekida u komunikaciji
kompjuter na roveru ušao u režim standby.
Na svu sreću, komunikacija je uspostavljena i Oportjuniti se ponovo pokrenuo
i nastavio je svoj put ka jezeru bele vode.
Ovde je Oportjuniti pronašao stenu "Esperance", svetlu stenu u gornjem centru
ove fotografije koja je veličine ljudske podlaktice.
To je bio zlatni ćup koji su naučnici tražili.
Sastav stene Esperance je sadržao više aluminijuma i silicijuma a manji nivo

English: 
and iron, more so than any other rock Opportunity
had examined in more than nine years on Mars.
Testing found that this rock had a clay mineral
content due to intensive alteration by water.
Opportunity spent weeks here, making sure
the measurements were correct, getting everything
it could get done before Martian winter came
around again.
Sights were set on a place called Solander
Point, a sun facing slope on the next hill
1.5 km further south.
Opportunity left Cape York on sol 3344, having
spent 9 Earth years, or 5 Martian years on
Mars’ surface.
It had found the best evidence out of any
Mars mission that neutral ph water once existed
on Mars.
What would the next stage of its mission uncover?
Well, we will have to save that for next time.
Becoming great at science doesn’t have to
be dull.
When presented in the right way, it can be
fascinating and enlightening.

Serbian: 
kalcijuma i gvožđa, za razliku od svih ostalih stena koje je ispitao za 9 godina na Marsu.
Testiranje je utvrdilo da je ova stena sadržala glinu usled kontakta sa vodom.
Oportjuniti je proveo nedelje ovde, pažljivo mereći sve i
radeći sve što može dok zima na Marsu ne dođe ponovo.
Sledeća tačka je bila "Solander Point", nagib na sunčevu stranu na sledećem brdu
kilometar i po južnije.
Oportjuniti je napustio Kejp Jork na sol 3344 provevši 9 Zemaljskih godina
Ili 5 Marsovih godina na površini.
Pronašao je najbolje dokaze od svih misija na Marsu da je nekada postojala
PH neutralna voda na površini.
Šta li će sledeća faza njegove misije otkriti?
Pa, to ćemo sačuvati za sledeći put.
Postati veliki naučnik ne mora da bude dosadno.
Kada se prikaže na pravi način, može biti fascinantna i prosvetiteljska.

Serbian: 
Pasivno učenje iz mojih snimaka može biti sjajno ali ako želite dublje saznanje
predlažem vam da probate sajt Brilliant.
Brilliant ima interaktivni sadržaj koji čini da rešavanje zagonetki u nauci
i astronomiji bude još više zanimljivo i pristupačno plus aktivno učenje
znači da imate veću šansu da zapamite to što naučite.
Oni ulaze u interesantne aspekte astronomije koje će vam definitivno
pomoći da bolje razumete moje snimke!
Dakle, ako želite da probate sami, možete se prijaviti danas besplatno koristeći link
brilliant.org/astrum i taj link će vam omogućiti 20% popusta na godišnju premijum pretplatu
čime dobijate neograničen pristum svim kursevima matematike, nauke i kompjuterske nauke
Hvala na pažnji!
Ako ste novodošli na kanal, pridružili ste nam se daleko u misiji Oportjunitija.
Za celu plejlistu kliknite ovde!
Veoma se zahvaljujem mojim Patreon podržavaocima , vaša pomoć je od velikog značaja.
Ako i vi želite da pomognete, pronaćićete linkove u opisu snimka.

English: 
Passively learning from my videos can be great,
but if you want a deeper understanding, I
suggest giving Brilliant a go.
Brilliant has interactive content that makes
solving puzzles and challenges about science
and astronomy even more fun and hands-on,
plus actively learning means that what you
learn has a better chance of sticking with
you.
They go into some really interesting aspects
of astronomy which will definitely help you
gain a lot of context to my videos!
So, if you want to try it for yourself, you
can sign up for free today by using the link
brilliant.org/astrum/ and that link will also
get you 20% off their annual Premium subscription
to get unlimited access to all of Brilliant's
interactive math, science and computer science
courses.Thanks for watching!
If you are new to the channel, you are joining
us some ways into Opportunity’s mission.
For the whole playlist click here!
A big thank you to my patreons and members,
your help really does go a long way.
If you want to support too, find the links
in the description.

Serbian: 
Sve najbolje i vidimo se sledeći put.

English: 
All the best and see you next time.
