“… The police are my friends!” a senior
citizen blurted out in the middle of a police-community
meeting I attended in the South Bronx.
I’ve heard variations on this theme dozens
of times from the law-abiding residents of
high-crime communities. These hard-working
people don’t loathe the police—quite the
opposite. They understand what so many seem
to have forgotten or never understood: Police
spend most of their time in minority communities—that
is, mostly black communities—because that
is where innocent people are most being hurt
by violent street crime.
To put it plainly: Police go where the crime
is.
In the 75 largest U.S. counties, about 60%
of robbery and murder defendants are black,
even though blacks comprise only 15% of the
population in those counties.
In New York City, blacks make up 73% of all
shooting victims, though they are 23% of the
city’s population. In Chicago in 2016, there
were 4,300 shooting victims—almost all
black. Among the two dozen victims under the
age of 12 was a three-year-old, shot on Father’s
Day, who is now paralyzed for life, and a
ten-year-old, shot on Labor Day, whose pancreas
and spleen were ripped apart.
This is the reality that police commanders
in urban areas face every day. And every day,
they get calls from law-abiding citizens in
high-crime neighborhoods, begging for assistance.
So are the police friend or foe? Are they
engaging in an epidemic of deadly racist violence,
as we so often hear?
In 2019, the police killed 235 blacks, most
of them armed or dangerous, out of 1,004 police
shooting victims overall. That 25% ratio is
actually less than what the black crime rate
would predict, since police shootings are
a function of the rate at which officers encounter
violent suspects.
What about the unarmed victims of fatal police
shootings?
As of June 1, 2020, the Washington Post’s
database of fatal police shootings in 2019
showed 9 unarmed black victims and 19 unarmed
white victims of fatal police shootings. By
comparison, about 7,500 blacks die of criminal
homicide a year.
You know about George Floyd and Breonna Taylor,
but what about Tony Timpa? In 2016, three
Dallas police officers held the handcuffed
Timpa, a white man, on the ground for 13 minutes
with a knee to his back while he pleaded for
help. His death was ruled a homicide, caused
by the officers’ physical restraint and
by cocaine.
The point here is not to justify police misconduct,
but to rebut the claim that questionable tactics
occur only—or even disproportionately—in
the case of black suspects. Indeed, it is
premature to conclude that the killing of
George Floyd was a product of racial animus
at all, as opposed to poor training and the
officer’s unfit temperament.
Ideally, officers would take no one’s life
in the course of their duties. But in light
of the number of arrests that officers make
each year—around 10 million—and the number
of deadly weapons attacks on officers—27
a day—it is not clear that 1,000 civilian
deaths, the vast majority occurring in the
face of potentially deadly attack, show a
law enforcement profession that is out of
control.
Can police methods be improved? Of course,
they can—with more hands-on tactical training,
more practice in de-escalation, and better
techniques to control stress. What won’t
help is defunding police agencies. Officers
in depleted departments who cannot get back-up
when they face dangerous suspects will be
even more stressed out and more at risk of
making bad decisions. Response times will
increase. Cash-starved agencies will train
less, not more.
If the goal is to reduce crime, shifting police
funding to social services is also a mistake.
For decades, New York City was spending one-seventh
of all government welfare dollars in America.
Yet, crime started falling in the city only
when the NYPD adopted the data-driven policing
that has now become the norm across the country—sending officers to the areas where they are most
needed. That norm is now threatened.
Sure, there are bad cops—of all races—who
must be removed. That is true of every profession,
and always will be. But so is this: The overwhelming
majority of officers are motivated by a desire
to help the most vulnerable among us.
Police are not the problem.
Racism is not the problem.
Crime is the problem.
The law-abiding citizens of high-crime communities—the
ones who will pay the price of a diminished
police presence—get it.
If you believe that all black lives matter,
you should too.
I’m Heather Mac Donald, senior fellow at
the Manhattan Institute, for Prager University.
