>>Matt Ridley: We have become more prosperous
as we have moved away from self-sufficiency.
The more we work for each other, the better
off we are.
The more we rely on our own efforts, the poorer
we are.
That's why we call it subsistence.
"Self-sufficiency" is indeed another word
for "poverty."
The story of human prosperity is that through
the magic of exchange, we get more and more
specialized as producers, more and more narrow
in our work so that we can become more and
more diversified in our consumption.
On my desk at home sit two objects, which
are exactly the same size and shape.
One is a Acheulean hand axe from half a million
years ago of the kind used by homo erectus.
The other is a computer mouse from a half-decade
ago.
They are identical in size and shape because
they are both designed to fit the human hand.
But one was homemade, the axe.
The other was made for me.
And that's, in a sense, the secret of human
progress.
Because compared with homo erectus, I am well
off because I have thousands -- nay, millions
of servants.
They club together to make me that mouse.
There was a coffee grower in Brazil whose
coffee was being drunk oil rig hand in Mexico
whose oil was being turned into plastic in
America whose plastic was molded into a mouse
in Korea which was marketed here in Britain.
They were all part of my support team, my
staff, my backup crew.
And yet do you know what?
Not only did none of them know they were working
for me.
Not one of them knows how to make a computer
mouse.
Because there's nobody on the planet who knows
how to make a computer mouse.
Quite literally.
The knowledge is not in any individual's head,
because the man who knows how to drill the
oil well doesn't know how to refine it into
plastic.
And the man who runs the computer mouse company,
all he knows is how to run a company.
He doesn't know how to make a computer mouse,
and so on.
That's the incredible, peculiar, almost irrational
thing about the modern world.
It achieves things that nobody actually knows
how to do.
