New York City’s Central Park is one of the
most famous urban spaces in the world.
Established in 1857 and extending for almost
3 and a half square kilometres across Manhattan
the park is an outstanding example of urban planning,
incorporating an extensive natural environment
into the heart of a major city.
While its popularity has risen and fallen
over the decades, the park has largely been
experiencing a renaissance since the 1980s
and now draws up to 250,000 visitors every day.
Despite several smaller green spaces dotted
throughout the city, New York’s growing
population - together with a rising awareness
of the benefits that these areas can have
on health and wellbeing - has made turning
the town green a priority for planners.
While creating new natural spaces for people
to enjoy may seem straightforward, the island
borough is one of the most densely populated
areas on earth and has very little space available
for new public parks.
To overcome this, New York City’s authorities
are working to repurpose brownfield and former
industrialised sites where possible.
Perhaps the most prominent and successful
result of this strategy to date is the High Line;
an elevated linear park that stretches
along a disused elevated freight railway line
for almost a mile and half through the west
side of Manhattan.
Opened in stages since 2009 and running from
the Meatpacking District up to the vast new
Hudson Yards redevelopment, the park offers
a refreshing escape for New Yorkers seeking
a break from the concrete jungle.
While proving immensely popular with the public,
projects like the High Line are limited to
the availability of disused sites and require
significant investment to become a reality.
An arguably easier solution is to incorporate
green spaces into the existing urban landscape
- and there is now a growing trend in repurposing
New York’s underutilised rooftops to include
trees and impressive gardens.
In an effort to increase its energy efficiency
and improve public areas, the Empire State
Building has converted a number of its terraces
into green roofs.
While this solution offers occupants a welcome
connection to nature - as high as 30 storeys
above street level - the practice of converting
roofs into green spaces can also have a beneficial
impact on reducing the city’s urban heat
island effect, where temperatures in the urban area
can be much higher than those in surrounding
rural landscape.
The dark colouring and dense nature of materials
like concrete and asphalt makes them extremely
efficient at storing the sun’s heat and
then releasing it at cooler times of day,
contributing to consistently high temperatures
in urban zones.
Reducing the extent of these surfaces, by
converting them into green roofs or gardens,
can significantly limit the impacts of this
phenomenon and help to bring temperatures down.
While projects of this kind are currently
at the discretion of private building owners
and developers - and seen as something of
a luxury in the residential market - the clear
benefits for both occupants and the surrounding
environment are driving uptake.
New legislation introduced by the city’s
authorities in July 2018 could see new buildings
required to integrate solar, wind or green
roof initiatives across the city, following
similar legislation passed in Paris, Toronto,
Denver and San Francisco.
Despite the practice of converting unused
urban areas into green spaces being initially
slow to gain momentum, cities around the world
are now embracing the concept.
While New York may not be the first to begin
to turn its concrete jungle green, its status
as one of the largest and most influential
cities on earth will undoubtedly bolster the
green revolution.
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