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is teleportation possible well the short
answer to that question is yes in fact
it's already been done but more on that
later when we narrow down the question
to is teleportation possible for large
objects and what about humans things get
a little more interesting
before we start remember to give this
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fiction based videos what do we already
know about teleportation let's start
this one by getting a little more
specific when it comes to what we
physically mean by teleportation when we
boil it down there are three types of
teleportation methods the first being
when an object or person completely
disappears then reappears in a different
place think apparation and Harry Potter
the second is when an object or person
transports particle by particle through
some sort of machine and ends up at
another place think star trek and the
third is the one where scientists have
actually made some significant strides
and is likely the only real way
teleportation is physically possible the
simplest way to describe it is scanning
the object or person then sending the
information to another place and having
the information create a genuine copy of
the original molecule by molecule before
we dive into that let's acknowledge that
as of now in science there is no way to
replicate the Harry Potter or Star Trek
forms of teleportation but as I said
scientists have made significant strides
in the third type of teleportation so
how does it work it all starts with the
simple concept of quantum entanglement
also referred to as spooky action at a
distance
by one Albert Einstein by the way I lied
the concept is in no acid but let's see
if we can bring it down to an
understandable level
think of two particles as twins and
despite how much distance is between
them they will always be twins the
particles share an extremely strange end
as of now unexplainable bond as long as
you know the information about one you
can know the information about the other
again this is regardless of the amount
of distance between the two look at it
like this
the twins are more like archenemies
whatever one is doing the other is doing
the exact opposite scientists measure
this in terms of spin if one particle is
spinning up then we automatically know
that the other particle is spinning down
this can also get a little more in-depth
for instance if we knew one was spinning
up and to the right we would also know
that the other would be spinning down
and to the left but here is where things
get tricky when observed quantum
particles change and when unobserved
they are simultaneously in all possible
states which is referred to as a
superposition while this facts can prove
a challenge for scientists when trying
to measure the particles properties it
can also be very useful in a strange way
we'll get to that a bit later in the
video
scientists found a way to get around
this problem by adding a third particle
to the mix and indirectly measuring them
together in simple terms the sender adds
particle one into a box with a third
particle then the sender can indirectly
observe these particles and learn some
information but not all the information
about the particles this is called a
bell measurement while the sender still
doesn't have all the information because
they can't look directly at the
particles they will still have enough
information to achieve some very
complicated algebra then the sender can
send this information to the receiver
once the receiver has this information
they too can prepare some complicated
algebra but they still need one vital
piece of information the actual state of
the first particle which means the
sender will now look still indirectly at
the particle and send that piece of
information to the receiver through this
process and some more complicated math
the second particle will then take on
the state of the first particle
now this doesn't exactly sound like
teleportation but let's say the first
particle is actually a group of
particles that make up say a banana the
information that is being teleported to
the jumbled entangled particles would be
the makeup of the banana so once those
particles take on the state of that
banana it would technically be
teleported but why wouldn't it just be a
copy well during the process the banana
on the sending end would turn into a
giant pile of particles that are the
furthest thing from its original form in
other words it would be completely
destroyed so this is basically the
science behind what we know about
teleportation of course in the simplest
shortest way possible I could describe
it but where is the proof is this just a
theory that brings us to part two of
this video
have there been any successful
experiments the first successful
teleportation experiment was in 1998
physicists at the California Institute
of Technology partnered with two
European groups and approved the
teleportation theory as described by IBM
possible they managed to successfully
teleport a photon which as most of you
know is a particle of energy that
carries light this experiment teleported
the photon just one meter in distance
but as we discussed earlier the theory
should work regardless of the distance
between the entangled particles well in
2004 the distance of a successful
teleportation increased to 600 meters
then a few years later to 16 kilometers
then 97 kilometers and as of 2017 in
perhaps the most impressive feat for
quantum teleportation Chinese scientists
managed to teleport the quantum state of
a photon from Tibet to especially
designed quantum satellite in orbit
around the earth for a distance of 1,400
kilometers or about 870 miles again
though if the theory states that
teleportation should work regardless of
distance then why did it take us so long
to get that far and why is it so
impressive the answer lies in the
initial quantum entanglement before you
can use two particles that are quantumly
entangled you first must entangle them
and then separate them to the two
hoots you wish to teleport them and
getting particle B into space can prove
quite a challenge
the Chinese scientists fired a laser
beam carrying one end of the entangled
particles into space sounds easy right
well this is quantum teleportation so it
definitely isn't remember earlier when
we learned that if an entangled particle
is observed the entanglement is ruined
because the particle changes
well when sending the particle all the
way into orbit you risk it interacting
with objects and particles and therefore
breaking the entanglement to get around
this issue the scientist actually sent
out millions of photons and out of that
only 911 made to the satellite
undisturbed all in all the experiment
ended up being a success and there are
many examples of successful quantum
teleportation but what does that mean
for us how can we use this technology
and will humans ever be able to teleport
with this theory is it likely we will
ever be able to harness the technology
for large objects and everyday use when
we think of teleportation we think of
moving people or perhaps objects such as
your suitcase to different locations
without having to go through the
exhaustive process of actually moving
we'll start by talking about that but
there is a much less obvious use of
quantum teleportation specifically that
we can see implemented within our
lifetime
we will get to that shortly to begin the
application of the technology so far
exists just in the quantum world weirdly
enough the quantum world seems to have
different laws than our macroscopic
world the macroscopic world being that
the objects that can be viewed by the
naked eye the body of laws that apply to
the quantum world is referred to as
quantum mechanics this means the first
challenge of teleportation would be to
imitate a similar situation that would
work outside of the world of quantum
mechanics as of now that seems pretty
unattainable for physicists but for the
video sick I'm going to assume that in
the near future we do find a way to
replicate the effect if we used this
method we would still not be sending the
object itself just the information of
the state of the object while destroying
the original so we could teleport your
suitcase full of all your belongings to
your vacation destination but in reality
it would just be an exact replica not
the original but if this is just an
object and you can't tell the difference
who cares
provided you're not sentimentally
attached to say a baseball glove handed
down to you from your grandfather it
basically works exactly how you would
want it to the real ethical challenge
comes when we talk about teleporting
humans we can get to that shortly but
first the practical use of quantum
teleportation that real scientists are
trying to develop as we speak a quantum
internet a quantum Internet would be
based in quantum cryptography quantum
cryptography would be the most secure
way to send information that exists in
the world of computers today the quantum
Internet itself would theoretically
exist within our current form of
Internet those who wished to use the
quantum Internet would be able to log in
to it via the Internet Internet
then take advantage of the hyper secure
quantum network quantum computers could
send encrypted information in the form
equipments or in long form in quantum
bits equipment is similar to a classical
bit but instead of being in one state a
1 or 0 it can be physically realized in
a 2 state device but enough about the
actual technology why would it be so
secure quantum cryptography doesn't
actually tell us what the information
being sent rather in teleport the key
needed to unlock the encrypted
information in the current system
encryption keys have been known to be
intercepted and copied while on their
journey to the desired recipients in
part 1 of this video I mentioned how a
particle that changes when observed
would be very useful in some cases and
this is some cases the key would
literally be impossible to intercept
because if it was observed it would
change and even if someone found a way
around that the receiver on the other
end would see the effect on their
entangled particle in real time this
would be the ultimate security in the
computer world the challenge for this
just lies in creating a mask want
Network the lead of the Chinese team
that teleported a photon to their very
own quantum satellite says he has plans
to launch more quantum satellites in the
next 5 years by 2030 he hopes to have
quantum communications spending multiple
countries that means in just 11 years as
of this video's release really well may
see teleportation being used as a form
of hyper secure computer networks
not exactly humans being teleported to
Mars but Pegg still pretty impressive
but speaking of humans it's time to get
into
could it ever work for humans we could
start by addressing the obvious and the
problems with teleporting a human using
the current method of teleportation if
we were to teleport a human the same
rules would apply the human themselves
would not be teleported but the
information about the exact makeup of
the human would be transported to a set
of particles that would then take form
of the now destroyed human on the other
end now this turns into a bit of a
philosophical conversation say the
teleportation was successful there are
two main things to think about at this
point is there such a thing as a soul
how do we really know when something is
actually alive
theoretically we would assume active
brain circuits qualify as a quality to
life and perhaps a pumping heart would
mean alive in the physical sense but
we've never tested the idea of
transferring one life to another body
what does that even mean would the body
on the other side actually be alive if
all of the brain functions and body
functions work does that qualify the
second thing we have to think about is
what it means to be truly you if
successful teleportation took place and
the new working body on the other side
was fully cognizant does that mean that
it is still the same human that was on
the other side before teleportation or
does that human die and then an exact
replica lives on to take their place
these aren't necessarily questions that
can be answered with science like I said
this is more of a philosophical debate
I'd be curious to know what your take on
the issue is though let me know in the
comments below
there is however a few issues that arise
in terms of science when we discuss the
idea of human teleportation for one we
mentioned earlier that the macroscopic
world and the quantum world have some
differences in terms of laws just as it
would be as of now essentially
impossible to teleport a macroscopic
object the same rules apply to
macroscopic beings meaning as of now the
technology we understand doesn't allow
for human teleportation if we did
however find a way to get around that we
would mean some pretty amazing computers
to pull it off considering that for each
human the computer would have to analyze
all of the atoms that make up a human
body and that's more than a trillion a
trillion it's hard to imagine a
processor that strong but then again
look how far computers have come just in
the past 50 years but there's one more
problem I wanted to get out assuming we
figure out how to bypass these two
issues every human teleportation would
be a substantial risk the human body is
very complex and extremely deliberate
even the slightest mix-up of a single
molecule could lead to severe
neurological or physiological damage
there could be no margin of error at all
if we ever wanted to really use the
technology that in itself would be a
difficult feat what are the predictions
made by scientists on the possible
future of teleportation if you've ever
watched the discovery or History Channel
for more than a few minutes you'll
recognize the physicist Michio Kaku Kaku
has earned a reputation as a very
optimistic scientist he has become a
controversial figure in the physics
world as on one end
he has brought interest into the
scientific world to the public and on
the other he is somewhat exploited and
exaggerated real science in the
publicity on the matter of teleportation
he has publicly stated that he
personally believes an hour rate of
advancement and the information we
already know about the technology it is
likely we will see full human
teleportation in just a few decades in
an interview with big thing he stated in
the coming years we do expect to be able
to teleport molecules maybe water and
carbon dioxide and after that who knows
maybe even DNA he did also clarify that
although it may be possible it comes
with many challenges that would need to
be fixed to throw a less controversial
scientist in dr. Mary Jacqueline Romero
from the school of physics and astronomy
at the University of Glasgow also has a
pretty optimistic view on the future of
teleportation on the matter she stated
teleporting a person atom by atom will
be very difficult but perhaps the fella
means in chemistry or molecular biology
will allow us to do it more quickly the
good thing about teleportation is that
there is no fundamental bomb telling us
that it cannot be done and with
technical advances I would estimate
teleportation that we see in the films
will be with us by 2080 as great as that
sounds
there are just as many scientists who
say we will never see human
teleportation as it is physically
impossible for example scientist Frank
Halley has gone on the record to say
that due to the complexity of the human
body it is safe to say human
teleportation will never be possible he
is very detailed article for slate
covers all the reasons he is confident
it will never happen but then again many
of the greatest scientific advancements
were laughed at in their time
in conclusion teleportation is possible
and it has already been done but the
science behind we like applications is
still very much up there remember though
the strides science has made and
teleportation have only been made in the
past few decades give it a few more and
who knows what will be maybe there will
be human teleportation in the year 2080
maybe it really is impossible but as of
now no one can say for sure what do you
think are you optimistic I'd love to
hear everyone's ideas in the comment
section
you
