University Challenge. Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.
Hello. Oxford plays Cambridge tonight as two institutions
with daunting reputations in this contest
compete for the first of the two quarterfinal victories
they'll need to take a place in the semifinals.
Now the team from Magdalen College, Oxford,
are representing an institution
that has taken the title of series champions four times in the past,
a distinction they share only with Manchester University.
Their journey towards what they hope will be a fifth victory
has seen them defeat Pembroke College, Cambridge,
by 220 points to 120 in the first round
and the Open University by 225 to 130 in the second.
With an accumulated score therefore of 445,
let's meet the Magdalen team for the third time.
Hello, I'm Harry.
I'm from Stone in Staffordshire, and I'm reading classics.
Hi, I'm Chris Savory from Burgess Hill in West Sussex
and I'm reading chemistry.
- Their captain. 
- Hello, my name's Hugh Binnie.
I live near Cheltenham near Gloucestershire,
and I'm also studying chemistry.
Hello, I'm Cameron J Quinn, originally
from Los Angeles, California, and I read philosophy and French.
APPLAUSE
Now teams from Trinity College, Cambridge,
have taken the series title on three occasions,
and they are, or course, the current reigning champions.
Their latest team has already dismissed
the University of St Andrews in round one with 150 points to 100
and Leicester University in round two by 220 to 140.
With an accumulated score, therefore, of 370,
let's meet the Trinity team for the third time.
Hi, I'm Matthew. I'm from London and I study physics.
Hello, I'm Claire. I'm from Greenwich in London and I study classics.
And this is their captain.
Hi, I'm Hugh. I'm from London and I'm studying chemistry.
Hi, I'm Aled. I'm from Birmingham and I'm studying maths.
APPLAUSE
OK, you all know the rules.
So fingers on the buzzers. Here's your first starter for ten.
The defeat of the Duke of Somerset at St Albans traditionally
marks the start of the first phase of which series of wars?
Later battles were at Northampton, Wakefield and St Albans again.
BUZZER
- The Wars of the Roses. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
The first set of bonuses, Magdalen, are on trilogies.
Including The Soft Machine and The Ticket That Exploded,
The Nova Trilogy and The Cut-Up Trilogy are names sometimes given
to experimental works by which US author who died in 1997?
Who could this be?
- Asmuth's not American, is he? 
- Asmuth? No.
- Erm... 
- DeLillo? Was he dead by then? 
- No, he's still alive, I think. 
- OK.
- Maybe, like, Bellow? 
- Bellow? 
- Yeah.
- Bellow. 
- No, it's William S Burroughs.
The Van is the third novel in the Barrytown trilogy
by Roddy Doyle that began with which novel, published in 1987?
I think Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha is '93.
But if that's the only Roddy Doyle we have...
Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha.
No, it's The Commitments.
And finally, born 1891,
which US author wrote The Rosy Crucifixion trilogy,
whose three novels are Sexus, Plexus and Nexus?
1891.
Erm...
- Anyone born in 1891? 
- Don't know.
Fitzgerald.
No, it's Henry Miller. Ten points for this.
Who or what is the subject of the following lines
of a poem by Shelley?
- "I am the daughter of earth and water..." 
- BUZZER
Mushrooms?
Er, no, you lose five points.
"And the nurseling of the sky.
"I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores,
"I change, but I cannot die."
BUZZER
- Rain? 
- No, it's a cloud. Ten points for this.
"When his petulance and egotism are assessed,
"along with his misjudgements and errors,
"his real substance as the pre-eminent British proponent
"of democratic socialism in the 20th century outweighs everything."
These words refer to which former coal miner,
- who entered parliament... 
- BUZZER
- Bevan. 
- More, please. Name?
- Er, Nye Bevan. 
- Nye Bevan, Aneurin Bevan.
I only say because sometimes people get him
muddled up with Ernest Bevin.
- OK. 
- Well done.
Set of bonuses for you now, Magdalen. They're on the Caribbean.
Two main islands of which country in the Caribbean are separated
by a channel called The Narrows?
The smaller island has a name derived from the Spanish for snow.
- What's the Spanish for snow? 
- Er, nieve.
- St Kitts and Nevis. 
- Oh, yeah.
- St Kitts and Nevis. 
- St Kitts and Nevis is right.
Which country in the Lesser Antilles consists of a major island
whose capital is Kingstown and an archipelago to the south
that contains the islands of Bequia and Mustique?
It's Grenada, right, for Kingstown?
I think it was.
- I don't know. Try it. 
- Grenada.
No, it's St Vincent and the Grenadines.
And finally, which country is named after two islands
whose respective capitals are Port-of-Spain and Scarborough?
- Trinidad and Tobago. 
- Correct. Ten points for this. 
- APPLAUSE
In the Critias, what does Plato describe as
"greater in extent than Libya and Asia.
- "When afterwards sunk by as earthquake, it became..." 
- BUZZER
- Atlantis. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
These bonuses, Magdalen, are on natural history.
What two words are represented by the letters CC
in the abbreviation CCD coined in the 21st century?
The term describes a disorder that appears to have been documented
since the late 19th century
and was formerly known as Spring Dwindle or May Disease.
- Any ideas at all? 
- No idea, sorry.
Pass.
It's Colony Collapse Disorder.
Also known as bee glue,
what substance is used to attach a honeycomb to the inside of a hive?
It's been valued as an antiseptic since ancient times
and was formerly used in wood varnishes.
- I think it is beeswax. 
- Beeswax.
No, it's propolis.
And finally, what term denotes male bees
that are expelled for the winter months when the hive
adopts a lean survival mode of existence?
- Are these the drones? 
- WHISPERING
- Drones. 
- Correct. We're going to take a picture round.
For your picture starter,
you'll see a list of the dramatis personae of a 20th-century play.
For ten points, please give me the title of the play.
BUZZER
- Death Of A Salesman. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
For you bonuses, you will now see the character lists
of three more notable 20th and 21st-century plays.
Again, in each case,
I want you to identify the play from its characters. Firstly.
Could this be...?
- It's not, like, The Ice Man Cometh? 
- Could it be The Ice Man Cometh?
Could be.
The Ice Man Cometh.
No, that's Tennessee Williams' Cat On A Hot Tin Roof. And secondly.
- That's Arcadia. 
- Arcadia? 
- Yes.
- Arcadia. 
- Correct. And finally.
Oh, erm, it's The History Boys.
- The History Boys. 
- It is The History Boys by Alan Bennett.
Right, ten points for this starter question.
See if you can get off the mark with this, Trinity.
In a work of 1958, which economist used the expression
"private opulence and public squalor"
of a community where public services have failed to keep abreast
of private consumption, the work in question being The Affluent Society?
BUZZER
- Galbraith. 
- JK Galbraith is right.
APPLAUSE
Right, these bonuses, Magdalen College,
are on pairs of proper names that are eye rhymes.
That is, their spelling are similar,
but they do not rhyme, for example, James and Thames.
In each case, give both words from the explanations. Firstly,
the French artist whose works include The Dance Class
and Miss La La At The Cirque Fernando,
and the largest city of the state of Nevada.
- Degas and Las Vegas. 
- Yes.
- Degas and Las Vegas. 
- Correct.
Secondly, the author of The Razor's Edge and Of Human Bondage
and the 19th-century Lord Chancellor
who gives his name to a type of four-wheeled carriage.
That's Maugham and...
Brougham? Is that how you say it? I don't know how you say it.
It's Maugham and...Brougham, just say that.
- Maugham and Brougham. 
- I'll accept that.
It's usually pronounced "broom."
But Maugham and Brougham is what I was looking for. You're right.
Finally, two poets, the authors of Ode To A Nightingale
and Easter 1916 respectively.
- Keats and Yeats. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
By the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht,
Spain ceded which two territories to Britain?
One of them, the second-largest of the Balearic Islands,
- was returned to Spain in 1802, but... 
- BUZZER
- Gibraltar and Minorca. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
See if you can start the catch-up now with these bonuses on chemistry.
For what do the letters LFT stand
when describing a model developed to predict
all of the properties of transition metal complexes
when previous models were shown to be inadequate?
- Ligand Field Theory. 
- Correct.
Examples being glycinate and ethylene-diamine,
what is the term for a ligand with two lone pairs of electrons?
- Bi-dentate. 
- Correct.
Many transition metal complexes are highly coloured
and are used as dyes.
Name the metal and the ligand that compose Prussian blue.
Probably cobalt. Is it cobalt or something else?
- Cobalt rings a bell. 
- With something else? 
- It could be cyanide.
You get it with cyanide.
Cyanide and cobalt.
No, it's cyanide and iron. Ten points for this.
In biochemistry,
which carboxylic acid is formed by hydration of fumaric acid
and, in the Krebs cycle, is oxidised to oxal-acetic acid?
BUZZER
- Malic acid. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
These bonuses are on terms coined by social scientists.
What term did the US academic Irving Janis coin for the phenomenon
which can cause a group of people to make faulty decisions
when interpersonal pressures lead to a deterioration
of mental efficiency and moral judgment?
- Groupthink. 
- Correct.
A term coined by the US sociologist Arlie Russell Hochschild
in her book The Managed Heart,
what type of labour is described as "the management of feeling to create
"a publicly observable facial and bodily display, sold for a wage"?
- Do you know? 
- Something in the theatre. 
- Go for it.
Acting.
No, it's emotional labour.
Lastly, what two-word phrase did the British sociologist
Stanley Cohen coin when studying the public response
to mods and rockers in the 1960s?
It indicates a disproportionate public fear in response
to a perceived threat to social norms.
This is moral panic?
- Moral panic. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
Give the three letters of the alphabet
that appear together at the end of the surnames of the authors
- of Zazie In The Metro, Reveries Of A Solitary Walker... 
- BUZZER
- E-A-U. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, you get a set of bonuses, Magdalen, on Hindu deities.
Also known by epithets meaning "great lord" and "beneficent",
the name of which god derives from the Sanskrit for "auspicious one"?
I don't know.
Brahma? I don't know.
- You think Brahma? 
- Yep.
- Brahma. 
- No, it's Shiva.
Shiva's vehicle in the world is Nandi,
who takes the form of what specific animal?
It isn't cats, is it?
Snake maybe? Snake?
- A snake. 
- No, it's a bull.
According to one version of the myth,
which god was created by Parvati and beheaded by Shiva,
who later replaced the missing head with that of an elephant?
- Ganesha. 
- Ganesha is correct.
We're going to take a music round now. For you music starter,
you'll hear a piece of 20th-century orchestral music.
Ten points if you can give me its title, please.
PLAYFUL ORCHESTRAL MUSIC
BUZZER
An American In Paris.
- By Gershwin, that's right. 
- APPLAUSE
As well as being a piece in its own right,
An American In Paris also appears in Of Thee I Sing,
co-written with his brother, Ira,
and the first musical to win the Pulitzer prize for drama.
For your bonuses, three more US musicals that have won that prize.
In each case, I simply want the title of the musical.
Firstly, a winner in 1996.
# Five-hundred, twenty-five-thousand, six-hundred minutes... #
- Rent. 
- Correct.
Secondly, a winner in 1962 which was revived in 2011.
I want the precise title.
# How to apply for a job... #
- A Chorus Line. 
- A Chorus Line? 
- Yes.
# How to advance from the mail room... #
A Chorus Line.
No, it's How To Succeed In Business Without Really Trying.
And finally, a winner in 1950.
# There is nothing like a dame... #
This is Guys And Dolls, isn't it?
# Nothing in the world... #
- Guys And Dolls. 
- No, that's from South Pacific.
Another starter question. Answer as soon as your name is called.
- What day of the week will it be 100 days after Monday? 
- BUZZER
Wednesday.
- How did you know that?! 
- APPLAUSE
Modular arithmetic.
Easy, modular arithmetic, isn't it?
Right, you get a set of bonuses this time,
Magdalen, on short story writers.
Dear Life and Dance Of The Happy Shades are short story collections
by which Canadian writer who won the 2013 Nobel Prize for literature?
- Munro. 
- Alice Munro is correct.
The 2013 BBC National Short Story Award was won by a work
entitled Mrs Fox by which author,
who also wrote the Booker-shortlisted novel
The Electric Michelangelo?
- Don't know. 
- No?
Smith.
No, it was Sarah Hall.
Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman is an award-winning short story collection
by which Japanese author?
His novels include Norwegian Wood and 1Q84.
- Oh, it's Murakami. 
- Thank you.
- Murakami. 
- Murakami's right. Ten points for this.
Deborah, Gideon, Ehud
- and Samson are figures who appear in which book of the Old...? 
- BUZZER
- Judges. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Your bonuses this time, Magdalen, are on botany.
Also denoting an Episcopal crook, what term is used in mycology
for the hook formed by the terminal cells of asco-genous hyphae?
Is it looking like a scroll?
I should know this, but...
- What did you say it was, sorry? 
- A scroll? 
- A scroll?
- A scroll. 
- No, it's a crosier.
A crosier is formed by the young circinate fronds
of which group of non-flowering plants as they emerge from the soil?
- Ferns. 
- Pterido-phytes or ferns is correct, yes.
Finally, the frond of a fern is diploid.
Considering the alternation of generations,
what is this diploid stage called?
The term in question means "spore producing."
Phagocyte?
Isn't that eating?
Oh, oh, yeah. Right.
Gymno... Gymnosperm?
- Gymnosperm. 
- No, it's sporophyte.
Ten points for this.
Edo, Kanuri and Tiv are among over 500 languages of which country,
with more than 150 million people?
- It's major ethnic groups include the Hausa, Yoruba... 
- BUZZER
- Nigeria. 
- Nigeria is correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Magdalen, these bonuses are on politics and a flower.
Firstly, which flower shares its name
with a grouping of back-bench conservative MPS established
by Lord Randolph Churchill at London's Carlton Club in 1883?
- Don't know. Rose? I don't know. 
- Daffodil.
No, it's the primrose. Primrose League.
Briefly Prime Minister in the 1890s, by what aristocratic title
was Archibald John Primrose more commonly known?
- Rosebury? 
- I think so.
- Earl of Rosebury. 
- He was indeed, yes. The fifth thereof.
April 19th has been called Primrose Day to mark
the death in 1881 of which British politician?
1881... Gladstone?
No, it's not.
Disraeli? Salisbury?
- What was the day? 
- 1881. 19th or April. 
- No, no the flower?
Gladstone.
No, it's Disraeli. Ten points for this.
Goliath, Freud, Fifi, Frodo, Spring Goblin and David Greybeard
- were among the chimpanzees named and studied by which British...? 
- BUZZER
- Goodall. 
- Jane Goodall is correct, yes.
APPLAUSE
These bonuses, Magdalen College, are on scientific apparatus.
Named after its inventor,
a French hydraulic engineer born in 1695,
which piece of apparatus measures flow velocity
and is commonly used as an air-speed indicator in aircraft?
- No? 
- Anything I can think of sounds wrong, so...
We don't know.
It's a Pitot Tube.
Invented in the late 1840s, a bourdon-Tube gauge is still
one of the most widely used instruments for measuring what?
Is it, like, the level thing?
Spirit level.
Level-ness?
Er, no, it's pressures of liquids and gases.
Named after the 19th-century Dutch instrument maker who invented it,
which apparatus generates a stream of any gas
that can be made by reacting a liquid with a solid?
You are a chemist. You should know. LAUGHTER
We have never used this.
A Van Allen device.
No, it's a Kipp's apparatus.
Time for another picture round.
For your picture starter you'll see a painting.
Ten points if you can name the Flemish painter.
BUZZER
- Rubens. 
- It is Rubens, yes. 
- APPLAUSE
The Walk In The Garden.
That is part of a collection in Munich.
For your bonuses, you will now see three garden scenes
by central European artists.
In each case, I simply want the name of the artist.
First, this Swiss artist.
- It'll be Klee. 
- Yeah, it does look like... Yeah.
Klee.
Yes, it's usually pronounced "clay." It's Bird Garden.
And secondly, this German artist.
Doesn't look like Friedrich.
- Nothing. I don't know. 
- Do we have anything else to offer? 
- No.
Caspar David Friedrich.
- It is indeed. 
- Oh! 
- Yes, it's the Garden Terrace.
And finally, this Austrian artist.
- Klimt? 
- It looks like Klimt.
QUIET CONFERRING
Do we want to go with Klimt, you may.
- Klimt. 
- It is Klimt. Farm Garden With Flowers. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, ten points at stake for this.
Fingers on the buzzers, answer as soon as your name is called.
How many years separate the execution of King Charles I
- and the restoration of King Charles...? 
- BUZZER
- 12. 
- No, and I'm afraid you must lose five points for that as well.
The Restoration of King Charles II?
- Anyone like to buzz from Magdalen? 
- BUZZER
11.
11 is correct. Yes, it's just under 11 years, four months.
Right, you get a set of bonuses now on US secretaries of State.
Which US secretary of state sought a diplomatic resolution
to the Cuban missile crisis, but was vilified by many
for his support of American involvement in Vietnam?
- It's not, is it? 
- McNamara? 
- Yeah.
- McNamara. 
- No, it was Dean Rusk.
Who was appointed secretary of state by George Bush Senior in 1989?
He went on to help reach agreement with the Soviet Union
on the reunification of Germany.
- Rumsfeld? 
- Rumsfeld?
No, erm...
- Rumsfeld. 
- No, it was James Baker.
And finally, Warren Christopher and Madeleine Albright
both served which president as secretary of state?
- Clinton. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
Meaning "far vision", Door-Darshan, introduced in 1959,
is a public service television broadcaster
- in which populous country? 
- BUZZER
- India. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
These bonuses, Magdalen College, are on films.
Firstly, based on the life of a Nobel laureate in economics,
which film of 2001 was inspired
by a Pulitzer prize-nominated book of the same name by...?
- A Beautiful Mind. 
- ..Sylvia Nasar? 
- A Beautiful Mind. 
- Correct.
Which 2004 film is based on a short story by a sports-person
writing under the pen-name FX Toole?
Oh, erm...
- 2004? 
- Sorry? 
- Invictus.
- I thought Crash was 2004. 
- Does it have to be best picture?
- Invictus. 
- No, it's Million Dollar Baby.
And finally, which 2005 film is an adaptation of a short story
by Annie Proulx?
- Brokeback Mountain. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
What ascending sequence of numbers links Bruckner's Romantic symphony,
Mendelssohn's Reformation and Beethoven's Pastoral?
BUZZER
- Four-five-six. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
These bonuses are on regions of Italy, Trinity College.
L'Aquila, hit by a devastating earthquake in 2009,
is the capital of which region of Italy on the Adriatic coast?
- Apulia? 
- Erm... I thought the capital of Apulia was Taranto.
- OK, erm... 
- I thought the earthquake was far more north...
Erm...
Erm, Umbria and....
- Umbria. 
- No, it's Abruzzo.
San Marino lies on the border between the Italian region of Marche
and which other, in which the cities are Rimini and Bologna are located?
- San Marino... I think the Venetos are round San Marino. 
- So it's, erm...
Or Umbria.
- Umbria. 
- No, it's Emilia-Romagna.
And finally, in which of Italy's regions is the city of Rome located?
- Lazio. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
The words "Scotland brought me forth"
are inscribed on the sarcophagus of which medieval
Franciscan philosopher, known as Doctor Subtilis?
BUZZER
- Duns Scotus. 
- Correct.
These bonuses, Magdalen College, are on a title.
Edward III of England publicly claimed which title
on 26th January 1340?
- King of France. 
- Correct.
Who, by the age of ten, had in separate ceremonies been crowned
both King of England and of France?
He lost both titles, along with his life, 40 years later.
- Henry VI. 
- Correct.
Who was the last British monarch to style himself King of France?
WHISPERING
- George II. 
- No, it was George III.
There's about three and a quarter minutes to go
and ten point for this.
The Human Condition, The Pleasure Principle
- and The Treachery Of Images are paintings by which...? 
- BUZZER
- Magritte. 
- Magritte is right, yes.
APPLAUSE
Your bonuses this time are on former military ranks.
Now replaced by second lieutenant in the British Army,
which rank is the lowest
held by commissioned officers in the US Navy?
- Ensign. 
- Correct.
Which rank in the British Cavalry was equivalent to ensign?
Their responsibilities included carrying regimental colours.
- Cornet. 
- Correct. Which current rank in the British Army
replaced the short-lived colonel-commandant in 1928?
I'd hazard a guess at lieutenant-colonel.
- Lieutenant-Colonel. 
- No, it's brigadier. Ten points for this.
Who was the leader of the expedition recounted
in Apsley Cherry-Garrad's 1922 work The Worst Journey In The World?
BUZZER
Shackleton.
Anyone like to buzz from Trinity?
BUZZER
- Scott. 
- Scott is correct, yes. 
- APPLAUSE
Your bonuses are on South America, Trinity.
In each case, name the country
in which the following major cities are located.
Firstly, Rosario, Tucuman and Mendoza.
- Columbia. 
- No, it's Argentina.
Secondly, Merida, San Cristobal and Maracaibo.
I have no idea.
- South American? 
- South American.
- It's not Mexico? 
- Come on.
- Bolivia? 
- No, it's Venezuela.
And finally, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre and Salvador.
- That's Chile? 
- I'm not sure. Salvador...
- Could be Brazil. 
- Go for Brazil then.
- Brazil. 
- Correct. Ten points for this.
"In the spring, a young man's fancy lightly turns
"to thoughts of love." Which poet wrote this
in the 1842 work Locksley Hall?
BUZZER
- Tennyson. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Your bonuses are on politics in the 1830s.
In 1834, William IV became the last British monarch to dismiss
a Prime Minister who still had the confidence of the House of Commons.
Whom did he dismiss?
Lord Melbourne, wasn't it?
Is it not Viscount Melbourne?
- It was later. 
- Well, Melbourne would be my guess, I just don't know.
- Melbourne. 
- Melbourne is right.
The king's decision was based on Melbourne's appointment
of which reforming Whig as chancellor?
He was later Prime Minister from 1846 to '52 and from 1865 to '66.
- Palmerstone. 
- No, it was Lord John Russell.
The Duke of Wellington served briefly
as "caretaker" Prime Minister before which Tory took over?
Serving for less than one year, he became Prime Minister again in 1841.
No, no, it's much earlier.
- Palmerstone. 
- No, it's Sir Robert Peel. Ten points for this.
- Up, down, top, bottom, strange and charm...? 
- BUZZER
- Quark. 
- Quarks is correct. Here are your bonuses.
They're on the lunar landscape.
In each case, give the English translation of the Latin name
of a feature on the Moon's surface.
Firstly, lacus somniorum.
- Sea of sleep? 
- Sea of sleep.
No, it's lake of dreams.
Secondly, mare nubium.
It's the sea of...
- Black? No, cloud. 
- Sea of clouds.
Correct. Finally, sinus iridum.
Ridge? Glowing ridge or something?
Bend of colours. I don't know.
- Bend of colours. 
- It's bay of rainbows. 
- GONG
And at the gong, Trinity College, Cambridge, have 55.
But Magdalen College, Oxford, have 315.
You were on nothing like as good form today
as you were last time we saw you, Trinity.
But never mind - you've got a chance to live again.
So we shall look forward to seeing you in your second quarterfinal.
Magdalen, that's a storming performance
and we shall look forward to seeing you again.
You only have to win one more match
to go straight through to the semifinals,
as opposed to the two that Trinity now have to win.
So congratulations to you.
I hope you can join us next time for another quarterfinal match,
- but until then, it's goodbye from Trinity College, Cambridge. 
- Goodbye.
- It's goodbye from Magdalen College, Oxford. 
- Goodbye.
And it's goodbye from me, goodbye.
