MUSIC: College Boy by Derek New
APPLAUSE
University Challenge.
Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.
Hello. St Peters College, Oxford and Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge
have taken the first two places in the semifinal stage of this contest.
Both of the teams playing tonight have already lost
one quarterfinal match, so whichever of them wins will earn
a final chance to qualify but, for the losers, it's curtains.
The team from the University of Durham beat a decidedly
off-form team from Brasenose College, Oxford in Round One
and then dismissed York University in Round Two
but they lost their first quarterfinal match by 95 points
to the 275 scored by Gonville & Caius College, Cambridge.
Hoping to redeem themselves tonight and stay in the contest,
let's meet the Durham team again.
Hello. I'm Daniel Morgan-Thomas, I'm from East London
and I'm studying History and Classics.
Hi. I'm Freddie Lloyd, I'm from Penshurst in Kent
and I'm studying Philosophy.
This is their captain.
Hi. I'm Fred Harvey, I'm from Bridlington in East Yorkshire
and I'm studying Physics.
Hello. I'm Nikul Boyd-Shah, I'm from Bournemouth in Dorset
and I'm studying Law.
APPLAUSE
Now, the team from Trinity College, Cambridge also lost
their first quarterfinal match when they failed to do themselves justice
against Magdalen College, Oxford - losing by 55 points to 315.
Tonight, they'll need to recover the form they showed us
in the earlier rounds when they sent teams
from the Universities of Leicester and St Andrews home
with their tails between their legs.
Let's meet the Trinity team again.
Hi. I'm Matthew, I'm from London and I study Physics.
Hi. I'm Clare, I'm from Greenwich in London and I study Classics.
And this is their captain.
Hi. I'm Hugh, I'm from London and I'm studying Chemistry.
Hi. I'm Aled, I'm from Birmingham and I'm studying Maths.
APPLAUSE
OK, you know the rules, so let's just get on with it.
Fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.
From the Greek for, "unpublished items,"
what term in the plural denotes Procopius' Secret History
of the Byzantine emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora?
More generally, the singular form means a short narrative
involving an amusing or interesting biographical incident.
Encomium.
Nope.
One of you buzz.
Anecdote.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, the first bonuses are on Russian cities, Durham.
Which city was known as Sverdlovsk until 1991 when it reverted
to its previous name after the Empress Catherine the Great?
It was the site in 1918 of the assassination of Tsar Nicholas II.
Yekaterinburg?
- Sorry? 
- Yekaterinburg?
Yekaterinburg.
Yekaterinburg, yes.
From the 1930s to the 1990s, the city of Nizhny Novgorod
was known by what name after the pen name of a writer born there in 1868?
Erm...
Tolstoy was born there, wasn't he?
Something like Novgorod like Ivanon...
Gorky?
Maybe Maxim Gorky, cos I think that was his pseudonym.
So what would the city be?
Kaliningrad?
Kaliningrad.
No, it's Gorky. And finally,
which city in south-west Russia was formerly known as Tsaritsyn
and then as Stalingrad? It took its current name in 1961.
Erm...
Kaliningrad.
No, get that name out of your head - it's completely wrong.
It's Volgograd. Ten points for this,
the definition of which figure of speech appears in the dictionary
close to headwords meaning,
"Hormone that stimulates contractions during labour,"
and, "Life-supporting component of the Earth's atmosphere"?
Oxymoron.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Three questions, Durham, on an English painter.
Which English painter established his reputation in the early 1750s
with his portrait of Commodore Keppel? The sitter's heroic pose
was based directly on the classical statue
known as The Apollo Belvedere.
- Was it Joshua Reynolds? - It...
He... I don't know. It could really be any portrait artist
from that point, but, yeah... - Was it Joshua Reynolds?
- What do you think? 
- Yeah.
- Are you sure? Cos you got the Gorky thing... 
- I have no idea.
I don't really know but he was a portrait artist from that time so...
Joshua Reynolds.
Correct. Some of Reynolds' paintings are now in a poor condition
as a result of his experimentation
with which transparent brown pigment?
Also called asphaltum, over time it develops a network of small cracks.
Ochre, something like that?
Anything else?
Ochre.
No, it's bitumen.
Referring to the versatility and individuality
of Reynolds' portraits, which of his close rivals remarked,
"Damn him - how various he is."?
- Someone like Gainsborough? - Yeah, that's what I was thinking.
Maybe. Gainsborough.
- Correct. Ten points for this. 
- APPLAUSE
Elected MP for Newark
at the age of 22, who spoke out in Parliament
against the abolition of slavery and soon after was described
by Macaulay as, "The rising hope of those stern and unbending Tories"?
His con...
Pitt the Younger.
No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
His conversion from Conservatism took place over a generation
and he then...
William Gladstone.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
These bonuses, Durham, are on cosmology.
In 1922, the US astronomer Vesto Melvin Slipher
noted that the light from most spiral nebulae was shifted
towards the red end of the spectrum. Which scientist
later related this phenomenon to the distance of these sources?
- I think I'm fairly sure it's Hubble. 
- Yeah.
Hubble.
Correct.
According to data from the Planck satellite released in March 2013,
the value of the Hubble Constant is 67.15, expressed in what units?
Oh, no.
It's something like kilometres per second. Hang on, it's speed...
Mega...
Kilometres per second per megaparsec.
- Spot on. Well done. 
- APPLAUSE
Planck was observing cosmic microwave background radiation,
originally omitted as ultraviolet and visible light
that was red-shifted to more than 1,000 times its initial wavelength,
giving it what apparent temperature to the nearest whole Kelvin?
I don't think I'm going to be able to do this.
- Just say a number. - Go for something.
30?
- I've no idea. 
- Erm...
- 30. 
- No, it's 3.
- 2.73, to be precise. 
- LAUGHTER
OK, ten points for this,
the Arch of Constantine in Rome was the model for which monument
designed by John...
Arc de Triomphe.
No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
Er, monument designed by John Nash to commemorate Nelson's victories?
Originally erected in front of Buckingham Palace in 1826,
it was moved to the north-east corner of Hyde Park in...
Marble Arch.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, your bonuses are on uranium mining, Durham.
More than 60% of the world's production of uranium
comes from mines in Canada, Australia
and which Central Asian country?
- Australia? 
- Iran?
- Could be Iran, could be, like... 
- Azerbaijan?
..Kazakhstan, something like that.
- Don't know. 
- Iran? 
- If it's Iran... 
- Go for Iran.
Iran.
No, it's Kazakhstan.
In fourth and fifth place are two African countries,
each accounting for around 8% of world uranium production.
One is Namibia. Which large, landlocked country is the other?
Is it... Is Algeria landlocked?
- Er, no. 
- Chad is pretty large. 
- Chad is large.
Well, Democratic Republic of the Congo is big and landlocked.
- I think we'd have heard. Want to go with Chad? 
- Democratic Republic...
I don't know, Chad seems reasonable.
Oh, what do you think? Anyone?
I don't know.
Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- No, it's Niger. 
- Oh.
And finally, a major source of uranium for the Manhattan Project,
the former Shinkolobwe mine lies close to the Zambian border
in the Katanga region of which present-day country?
- Erm... Zimbabwe, maybe? 
- Could be Zimbabwe,
- I think that does have a border. 
- With what? 
- With Zimbabwe,
- I think it does. 
- OK. 
- Did America have, like, links with...
Oh, I don't know.
Zimbabwe.
No, that is the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Right, a picture round.
For your picture starter, you'll see a map where a city has been marked.
Ten points if you can give me its name.
Vienna.
- Vienna is correct, yes. 
- APPLAUSE
The music festival Donauinselfest takes place on the Danube Island
in Vienna, with over three million attending in 2013.
For your bonuses, three more locations which are home
to some of the largest music festivals in the world.
I'd like the name of the festival, please. Firstly,
the name of this rock festival which, in total,
has attracted around seven million people at the last count.
It's held in different locations worldwide. The map shows
the original festival location.
So that's Rio de Janeiro or...
- Yeah, Rio. 
- What's it called, Rio?
- Give it a try. - Erm...
Erm...
No.
It's probably not Sao Paolo cos that's further down.
- Is Coachella... Coachella's a music festival. 
- OK.
Coachella.
Er, no, that's Rock In Rio, Brazil.
Secondly, this festival which started as an activist movement
and attracted around 200,000 people in 2013.
Belgrade...
I think it's Belgrade, isn't it?
- Erm, yeah. - Festivals in Belgrade?
Erm...
- I have no idea. - Nope.
Belgrade.
It's the Exit Festival or State Of Exit and it's at Novi Sad
but you're right in the country, it's Serbia. Finally,
I want the name of this music and arts festival which attracted
over 650,000 in 2013.
- That could be Burning Man. 
- Is that in California? I thought that was...
Or Co... Co...
Erm, Coachella. Is that in California?
- I have no idea. - It's one of the two.
Is there desert? It looks like it's probably not the desert,
- it's near a lake. - No, no.
In which case, Burning Man is good.
Burning Man.
No, that is Coachella. Right, ten points for this,
Cobalamin is the chemical name...
Vitamin B12.
- Correct, well done. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, your bonuses are on similar words and names. In each case,
give both words from the definitions. The order
of your answers must correspond to that of the definitions. Firstly,
two Venetians born in the 18th century -
one a neoclassical sculptor whose works include The Three Graces,
the other an adventurer noted for an account of his sexual encounters.
- Well, the second one is Casanova. - Yeah.
Erm...
- Caravaggio? - No, no.
- Cazanova? - No.
- Cava... Cava... Cavanova? - Give it a go, I have no idea.
Cavanova and Casanova.
No, it's Canova and Casanova. Two adjectives, secondly -
one descriptive of an order of knights defeated by Alexander Nevsky
in 1242, the other relating to large-scale movement and deformation
of rocks in the Earth's crust.
- Teutonic and tectonic. 
- Yes.
Teutonic and tectonic.
Correct. Two four-letter words
meaning a wild goat with semicircular horns
that lives close to the snow line
and a long-legged wading bird venerated by the Ancient Egyptians.
Yeah.
Ibex and ibis.
- Correct. Ten points for this, 
- APPLAUSE
Zizzer-Zazzer-Zuzz in Dr Seuss' ABC
and Thethuthinnang, a female rabbit in Watership Down,
are examples of names whose predominant consonants
belong to what general class
produced by forcing air through a narrow...
Fricative.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, your bonuses are on November 30th.
November 30th saw the birth in 1554
of which English soldier, courtier and poet?
Dying in 1586 at the age of 32,
his funeral procession was reputedly so extravagant
that it almost bankrupted his father-in-law,
the spymaster Francis Walsingham.
Erm...
- Drake or... 
- Raleigh.
Oh, no, Raleigh died in the early 17th...
- Drake? 
- Drake, no, cos Drake was alive in the Spanish Armada.
Spenser, was he...? Did he have a career as a soldier?
Yeah, go on.
- It's not Drake or Raleigh. - It's not, OK.
Could be a Cecil. The Cecils were close to Walsingham.
- Oh, well, if you want... 
- I don't know.
- I don't know. 
- Choose something.
He's not really a soldier.
Spenser.
Spenser.
No, it was Sir Philip Sidney.
Which king of Sweden defeated a Russian army
at the Battle of Narva on November 30th, 1700,
and died at the age of 36 on the same date, 18 years later?
I don't know. The only king I know is Gustavus Adolphus
but he's earlier, I think.
- Well, it's more than I know. - I don't know.
King of Sweden?
Gustavus Adolphus.
No, it was Charles XII.
Born on November 30th, 1836,
the English politician Frederick Cavendish
was one of two men murdered in 1882 in an incident known by the name
of which Dublin location?
Any Dublin location. Some famous ones?
- The Docks? 
- The Docks?
The Docks.
No, it was the Phoenix Park Murders.
Ten points for this, Argon, Hydrogen and Zinc
are the titles of the first three chapters of which 1975 memoir
by an Italian...
Primo Levi's The Elements.
No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
..Memoir by the Italian chemist and Auschwitz survivor Primo Levi
who named every chapter after a chemical element?
No?
Of Human Bondage. No, I...
No, that's Somerset Maugham. It's the Periodic Table.
Ten points for this, "An old master who's not merely modern
"but actually appears a good many steps ahead of us,
"turning back to show us the way." These words of the critic Roger Fry
refer to which painter, born in Crete in 1541?
El Greco.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, your bonuses, Durham, are on sport and numbers.
The term, "sabermetrics", was defined by its creator,
the US author Bill James, as,
"The search for objective knowledge about..." which sport?
- Fencing? 
- That makes sense.
- What? 
- Yeah, it's an American.
Isn't there, like, isn't there a baseball team called The Sabres
- or something? 
- Yeah, I was going to say, is it not sabre as in...
I wouldn't say baseball was particularly American...
If you're right again, I'm really sorry... Baseball.
Baseball's right. After two noted baseball players,
what term describes a pair of consecutive numbers
such that the sums of the prime factors of the two numbers
are equal? Thus, 714 and 715.
Don't know any baseball players other than Babe Ruth.
- That's one name. 
- And we need two!
Erm...
No, sorry, we don't know.
They're a Ruth-Aaron pair. And finally,
in baseball, what two-word term denotes the quotient used
to indicate how close a frontrunning team is to winning a season title?
Do you have any idea at all? Any, sort of, word?
Home straight? I'm just... They're just words.
A home straight.
Home straight.
No, it's magic number.
Right, we're going to take a music round.
For your music starter,
you'll hear a piece of popular music.
Ten points if you can identify the band, please.
# And if you tolerate this then your children will be next
# And if you tolerate this then your children will be next
# Will be next, will be next Will be next, will be next... #
Er, Manic Street Preachers.
- Yes, it is. 
- APPLAUSE
The band took legal action against the British National Party's
use of their anti-fascist anthem there,
If You Tolerate This Your Children Will Be Next,
because they were using it on their website. Your music bonuses
are three songs that US politicians tried to coopt, only to be met with
resistance. In each case, name the artist you hear. Firstly, for five,
this artist, who made George Bush Snr
stop using this track in his 1988 presidential campaign.
A CAPPELLA MUSIC
Oh, it's Bobby McFerrin, isn't it?
Bobby McFerrin.
Correct, yes. Don't Worry, Be Happy.
Secondly, this artist, who stopped George W Bush from using
this track in his 2000 presidential campaign.
# Why don't we turn the clock to zero, honey
# I'll sell the stock We'll spend all the money
# We're starting up a brand-new day... #
Sounds late '90s, erm...
# Turn the clock all the way back
# I wonder if she'll take me back
# I'm thinking in a brand-new way... #
The band was 2000s, no, the late '90s.
- Maybe Bruce Springsteen? - A male artist.
- Did he say band or... 
- No, it's an artist. 
- Artist.
- Springsteen? Shall we give that a... 
- Why not?
Bruce Springsteen.
No, it was Sting's Brand New Day. And finally, this artist,
who denied Ronald Reagan permission to use this song
in his 1984 presidential campaign.
# Born down in a dead man's town... #
- Oh, that is... 
- That is...
Bruce Springsteen.
- Too easy, yes. Ten points for this. 
- APPLAUSE
What class of astronomical object
was discovered in 1967 by Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony...
Pulsars.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, these bonuses are on 19th-century composers, Durham.
In 1853, a concert tour brought the 20-year-old Brahms into contact
with which German composer, who went on to declare
the younger man's genius.
- I think that's Schumann. 
- It might be... 
- Schumann. 
- Yeah.
- Is that the right age? 
- Oh, no, hang on, 1853... 
- Yeah, yeah, yeah.
I think he'd...
Schumann.
Correct. Brahms' works were considered conservative
by proponents of the so-called New German School, whose representatives
included the Hungarian-born Franz Liszt
and which French composer?
His works included the Symphonie Fantastique.
- Berlioz. 
- Yeah.
Berlioz.
Correct. Brahms, Schumann and Liszt are among those who have written
variations on themes by which virtuoso violinist
born in Genoa in 1782?
Paganini.
- Correct. Ten points for this. 
- APPLAUSE
Which six-letter title links a 2000 work on the new political order
by the post-Marxist philosophers Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri
with a 2003 book by Niall Ferguson, subtitled
How Britain Made The Modern World?
Empire.
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Your bonuses, Trinity, are on two-letter words
allowed in Scrabble. In each case, listen to the definition of the word
and name the element whose symbol the word spells. For example,
"Individual of the male sex," gives He, so your answer would be Helium.
Firstly, a Roman copper coin, also an English adverb,
often used in similes, meaning, "To the same degree."
- As. 
- Arsenic. 
- OK.
Is it arsenic or astatine?
- Yeah, no... That's... 
- Go on, go on.
Arsenic.
Correct, As.
Secondly, a traditional Chinese unit of distance,
now standardised as 500m.
- Li, L-I. 
- Lithium? 
- Yep.
Lithium.
Correct, Li, yes. Finally,
the infinitive verb form that corresponds to the French etre,
the Spanish estar or the German sein.
Beryllium.
- Correct, Be. Right, ten points for this. 
- APPLAUSE
Listen carefully.
Ordnance Survey Explorer maps have a scale to 1:25,000.
How many kilometres on the ground would be represented
by 5cm on the map?
2.5.
2.
No, it's one and a quarter.
- Ten points for this. I'm not going walking with either of you two. 
- LAUGHTER
Right, ten points for this, contained in Article One
of the World Trade Organisation, what non-discriminatory status
or principle is denoted by the letters MFN?
Most Favoured Nation.
- Yes. 
- APPLAUSE
Your bonuses, this time, Trinity, are on politics in South America.
In December 2013, the left-wing candidate Michelle Bachelet
won a run-off election to become president of which
South American country? She was also president from 2006-2010.
Erm... Have you got any idea?
I don't know. I mean, so, Argentina's female president...
Erm...
Could it be...
Left-wing leaning...
Could be Columbia? I don't...
- I have no idea. 
- I don't know.
Columbia.
No, it was Chile.
In April 2013, an election in which country resulted in
a return to power of the Colorado Party?
It had previously ruled the country from 1947-2008.
Could be somewhere that was in the pocket of the United States.
Probably grows fruit.
Erm...
Erm...
Ecuador?
Ecuador.
No, it's Paraguay.
Also in April 2013, the socialist Nicolas Maduro was elected president
of which country?
Venezuela.
- Venezuela is correct. We're going to take another picture round. 
- APPLAUSE
For your picture starter, you'll see a painting
by a well-known Flemish painter. Ten points if you can give me
the name of the artist, please.
Rubens.
- It is Peter Paul Rubens, it's Susannah In The Bath. 
- APPLAUSE
Your bonuses, three more paintings, all by Rubens,
which include women from books considered by some denominations
as either deuterocanonical or apocryphal. For five points,
I want the name of the woman featured in each case.
Firstly, this woman.
- Salome? 
- Yeah, must be, mustn't it?
Salome.
- No, it's not, it's Judith With The Head Of Holofernes. 
- Oh, dear.
Secondly, the female figure on the right in this picture, please.
- Oh, God. 
- What's going on there?
Erm...
Oh, I don't know.
Esther? That's a complete guess.
It's just a name.
Is that the one, is she pregnant?
I think so, yeah. I can't...
I don't think that can really tell us anything.
Just a name, female names...
- Is everyone happy with Esther or...? 
- Yeah.
Esther.
- Well, you may be happy but you're wrong with it. It's Hagar. 
- LAUGHTER
And finally, the female figure in red.
- Erm, Delilah maybe? - Oh, Delilah, yeah.
- Those are scissors, aren't they? 
- OK.
Delilah.
- It is Delilah, yes. 
- APPLAUSE
Ten points for this, what is the two-word scientific name
of the bacterial infection known informally as C Diff?
Clostridium Difficile.
- Yeah, I'll accept that - it's "Difficil-E", 
- APPLAUSE
I think it's normally pronounced, but, yes. OK, you get
a set of bonuses, then, on political leaders, Trinity College.
In each case, give the three-letter surname of the person described.
Firstly, the leader of the New Zealand National Party
who succeeded Helen Clark as prime minister in 2008.
John Key.
Correct. Secondly, the Social Democrat politician
who served as prime minister of the Netherlands between 1994 and 2002.
Don't know.
Don't... Erm, pass.
That was Wim Kok. And finally,
in Britain, the chancellor of the exchequer between 1916 and 1919,
he became Prime Minister in 1922.
- Bonar Law. 
- Yeah.
Bonar Law.
- Andrew Bona Law is correct. Three and a half minutes to go. 
- APPLAUSE
Ten points for this,
from the surname of a physicist born in Paris in 1797,
what five-letter word is the unit of dynamic viscosity
in the CGS system? It shares its spelling with a word meaning,
"Graceful or dignified bearing."
Poise.
- Poise is right. 
- APPLAUSE
These bonuses are on the Red List
of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
What Red List category, firstly, is abbreviated to NT?
Not Threatened?
- That would make sense. 
- That sounds right.
Not Threatened.
No, it's Near Threatened.
And for what category do the letters EW stand?
Extinction Watch?
Extinction Watch or Warning, one of the two.
OK, do I have to pick? Erm,
Extinction Watch.
No, it's Extinct in the Wild. And finally,
for what two words do the letters LC stand?
Erm...
- Last... 
- Last Chance?
..Chance in Captivity, or something...
- Oh, right. Last Captive? 
- Last in Captivity or something like that.
Last in Captivity.
No, it's the opposite - it's Least Concerned. Ten points for this,
in human anatomy, what is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
In other words, a bone embedded within a tendon. It's roughly
triangular in shape and articulates with the femur.
Patella.
- Yes, the kneecap. 
- APPLAUSE
Right, your bonuses are on a language, Trinity College.
What is the sole official language of Andorra?
- Spanish, presumably. 
- No, it's...
Spanish.
No, it's Catalan.
Catalan has official status in which autonomous community of Spain,
south-west of Catalunya on the Mediterranean coast? It shares
its name with Spain's third largest...
Valencia.
Correct. Catalan is a co-official language in the seaport of Alghero,
south-west of Sassari in which country?
- Erm... 
- Come on.
Mexico.
No, it's Italy. Just over a minute to go, ten points for this,
at an altitude of 2,907ft,
what is the highest point in Great Britain, south of Snowdonia?
Sorry, if you buzz, you must answer.
It was an interruption as well, so you must lost five points.
..South of Snowdonia? Durham, one of you buzz quickly -
I'm not hanging around.
It's Pen y Fan. Ten points for this, answer promptly.
Three of the four kings of Scotland during the 14th century
had what regnal name?
Malcolm.
No, anyone like to buzz from Trinity?
James.
No, it's Robert. Ten points for this, in chemistry,
what colour does the indicator bromothymol blue turn
if pH falls below six?
Red.
No, I'm afraid you lose five points for an incorrect interruption.
Anyone like to buzz from Trinity? Quickly.
Yellow.
- Yellow is right. You get a set of bonuses on the Earth's atmosphere... 
- APPLAUSE
..Trinity College. Which tropical atmospheric circulation or cell
is closely related to the Trade Winds and is named after
the British scientist who proposed it in 1735?
- Halcon or something like that... - Say Halcyon. I don't know.
Halcyon.
No, it's Hadley. To the nearest millibar,
what is standard atmospheric pressure at sea level...
- GONG SOUNDS 
- And at the gong,
- Trinity College, Cambridge have 105, Durham University have 145. 
- APPLAUSE
Well, bad luck, Trinity.
Your performance hasn't really matched your debut on this series
and I guess the questions just didn't fall right for you
but bad luck. Durham, we shall look forward to seeing you again.
Congratulations. I hope you can join us next time
for another quarterfinal but until then,
- it's goodbye from Trinity College, Cambridge... 
- ALL: 
- Goodbye.
- ..it's goodbye from Durham University... 
- ALL: 
- Goodbye.
- ..and it's goodbye from me, goodbye. 
- APPLAUSE
MUSIC: College Boy by Derek New
