current few is formulated by
a so-called big-name Big Bang Theory
after which the TV show
was name I
it's interesting I didn't I don't want
to really
up but what I've heard retort trips here
and there
their sinus is impeccable and very kar
so excellent job %uh but not all
scientists are nerds
I
so basically according to this
a big bang theory the universe
including space in car was created
in one giant explosion and
the universe and space and time
have been expanding ever since so it's
important to realize that this we've
talked before
when we've discussed up the couple's law
it's not that the explosion or curd
im pre-existing space as if I would have
a firecracker
you're going off right in pre existing
space no what is happening
actually the space itself was created
space and time space-time
were created that moment and the space
or space-time itself is expanding
so as we discussed before
this certainly is I consistent with
the couple's law which results from
observation
and then we can pose the question okay
can we use the Hubble's law
to estimate the agency
this right to calculate the time
up since the big back
that time obtained from the couple's law
is often refer to as the couple stock
so the argument goes like this:
at time 0 just soon after the Big Bang
where everything was much closer to the
arts is where much closer to each other
and now they are separated by some
this them a the right so after the
couple's time
the two galaxies that we're just sitting
on top of each other
are separated by at this than a
by that this is the and say
this is our Milky Way and we see another
galaxy
add to this the this be receding from us
with certain recession velocity be
that we can determine from the redshift
of its like
so on one hand at the couple's law tells
us
that that this this is related to
a researchers speed in this way
right that precision speed is the
couple's constant times
this on the other hand if up
this other galaxy was moving with
speed be for this time the couple's time
the discursive covered this simply
going to be the product between the
sessions speed
and the elapsed time so we can actually
a up up put this here
result for this session is speed in the
above equation to get this
divide out the distance and get
that the time sis the Big Bang
according to the couple's law is one
all but the couple sconce that shall
remember that one
over the Hubble's constant will give you
a
estimate or a at the age of the universe
from the Big Bang until now and we know
a what this a value
are the current value of the couple's
constant is 70 kilometers per second per
make a parsec
and when you do the calculation you
a and up with the hubble I'm of about
14 billion use which is actually quite
close been very certain corrections that
have to be done
to this simple estimate but the result
that you get
is actually quite close to up
the actual about so our universe
is just under 14 billion years old
that much time is a lobster are
up from the big back
okay so what David is do we showed that
indeed such an explosion are occurred
and the scientific argument points as in
a particular direction right after the
explosion
good universe had to be very heart
and very depths I'm
I but as it expanded
it started to cool choice
it expanded its temperature drop
I
when the temperature initially up when
it was very hard
it was the Venice make sure that's true
of electric charges electrons protons
neutrons
and also for Tots but because of high
density
of electrons these photos could not
propagate through
it would constantly be a scattered so
the universe
was initially opaque because the light
could not
travel through I just like
are a light coming through the fog I
the light at visual wavelengths is
constantly being
a redirected by good drop with the
drug droplets of of or water in the mist
so it doesn't reaches the wreck so this
is an analogy
I'll through the fact that when we said
this then this mixture
or charges that would
scatter are the photos very effectively
they could not propagate
freely when the temperature dropped
to about three thousand degrees Calvin
and that is about art
a temperature of a filament and go libel
three thousand degrees Kelvin
I it was possible for Protoss
to capture electrons and form
neutral hydrogen saw
the electrons were so so to speak
removed they were bound
to are are protons and now the light
could propagate freely the univers
became
transparent like and I illustrate this
with the little diagram here so in the
beginning
the universe was a dance mixture of
protons
the circles with plus inside
denoting the charge and the electrons
and because it was very hard
these particles were moving at high
speeds
and a because the charges
scatter life effectively the photons
were constantly being redirected they
were constantly being scattered and the
could not propagate a freely through
this dance troupe
of electric charges but after about
three hundred eighty thousand years
are when the universe expanded and as a
result cooled
it was possible of four protons to
capture electrons and form
neutral quieter I'm
initially there was too much energy for
up
elektronische to be bound up
to individual protos because I
that the the these items would collide
each other
I and eyes each other there energy of
motion with going to internal engine to
call the electrons
soul it was not possible initially to
ship something like this
once the electrons where so to speak
removed
from the game by being captured by
protons
vandalized good propagate really
I the universe became
transparent to light
are now
the radiation is always
in equilibrium with Matt and
but because radiation when the universe
became transparent
to the white a said to obey
so-called Winslow or blackbody radiation
the it as it is up more often
are called and we discussed at least
those if you could took
astronomy 1301 will call our discussion
up there
Winslow basically any source
admits electromagnetic radiation
of all possible way
okay but the wavelength which
if the Mets most of the energy depends
on the surface temperature
the source so the caller the source
the longer the wavelength at which I
a most of the energy is amid
and the winds log tells us that this
wavelength which most of the energy is
is omitted can be obtained in 90 meters
by dividing this cost in here which is
three million
with temperature im
up the scale or alternatively
if we measure
the wavelength which we detect
the highest intensity of radiation we
can determine the surface temperature
the source by about dividing this
constant
with a the wavering at which most of the
energy is emitted
K so
Quran up the temperature
was three thousand degrees Kelvin I will
ship to divide
I 3 a million
with three thousand I get thousand 90
meters
thousand 90 meters is
I
how much so we get about the millimeter
right and that corresponds to Mike away
range all reddish
okay so are
up 40,000 we get
up up thousand animators right
so wanna meet their is tend to the
minors
I I 93 s
but because I have to give it a show
that shift caused by
the expansion of the universe that
wavelength
that corresponded to 3 thousand
a degrees Kelvin
is now increased because the universe
has expanded
so if a it expanded as it did thousand
times
that whaling now it should be attend to
the sick stunt
yeah so once again
I when the temperature drop to
three thousand degrees that wavelength
at the maximum of radiation was thousand
animators
at that time but since then
the universe expanded thousand times
and as a result of
August logical a redshift you to that
expansion of space
this Wavelink responding to maximum get
to
increase by a factor POW's
soul thousand times 1000 extend to the
sixth animators
so now bet whaling should be 10 to the
6.0 meters
which is tend to the minus 3 meters
there is one milling and
wavelength of one millimeter corresponds
to a
my to its by the same token
up if I know put in here
up the wavelength a corresponding
to the maximum now because the way we
think is going up by a factor of 1000
the temperature now should be thousand
times
smaller that is it should be see degrees
okay
so this are relic radiation
resulting from the moment when the
universe
became transparent to light and is known
as microwave
a a up background radiation
or cosmic microwave background radiation
up
should be all around us we should be
able to detect it but
when we up put our micro detectives
in any direction then night these
rallied photons from the moment when the
univers became Prince parent
to light are passing through ice over
par and indeed
this radiation was are first observed
in 1964 by
to I physicists
at Bell Laboratories dayy
where actually working on a new
I antenna up for
microwave communication with the
satellites and
a initially when they so there's always
a
yes are that they detect
no matter whether they did their
observation a day
or night no matter which direction they
pointed their intended
to there was always this north's so
date part that maybe there's there's
some imperfections
in the antenna they went to inspect and
a sorry there is a up pigeon bird indian
Prime
right so they clean it chased away the
pages
are and good this upstate
no respect well
as it turned out the pigeons were only
pitchers
so they would come back in thirty up the
internet again and a initially first
called them and told them that this
cruise I
a release them are
but with her comeback and a
at that time to Israel with sixties very
we were attention was being paid
to animal rights a the
I are resorted to a radical solution
you know I the noise
still was there and then
they happen through here that actually
teary
of are up the expansion of the universe
up to the Big Bang predict that
there should be that microwave
background radiation
present all around to
show indeed a they
where the first to detective and for
that
up both of them obtain obtain the Nobel
Price
since then up
there were several satellite missions
launched to
actually examine dead up
up background radiation which by the way
was
it's filled it could not confirm that
now the microwaves microwave radiation
actually follows the blackbody radiation
and that was confirmed
by this satellite coffee
across make background explorer
a cream for that here is a little for
all the satellite
and here is a part of the image up
of what it detected so basically
Coby foundered that this
a radiation is uniformed to a great
degree
and indeed it follows Bilawal
a blackbody radiation that is the
Winslow
the subse- quent a
mission up using W
a map a satellite from
actually slight variations in the
temperature of the background huge
and about the most recent one
that was long just and results are still
being
analyze the collected plank
up up up launched by
European a space agency it even
said a better resolution of to
back out to sea that
got a a microwave background radiation
does not correspond everywhere to the
same temperature here
are the data obtained with W map
here are the data obtained by plank
rope and the color in this to the cation
Guinness the changes in temperature from
the average value
in my cookout okay
for their tiny compared to about 3
calkins
which is your overall temperature of
a background radiation but there are
still some fluctuations
does their bluish are slightly colder
does their reddish are slightly warmer
I'm
there are different reasons why I these
non-uniformity is im temperature good
ship Res one possibility is that
initially up a just after a fraction of
a second
after the big back up the laws of
quantum mechanics tell us that there
to be spontaneous fluctuations
im up up the
number of particles the density
and up overtime
the small fluctuations got blown up
are by the expansion so now we perhaps
see
the relics of these quantum fluctuations
in the barely early universe
and a there's an area in in I
astrophysics it actually studies this
and tries to in for
the details about very very early
universe
