Ted Bohn
My name is Ted Bohn I'm with Argonne National Laboratory we are here in the electrified power reusable fuel lab we
are going to use the vehicles and facilities in this lab space to describe charging, installation, and charging
infrastructure. All electric vehicles or plug in electric vehicles have a level one charger in the trunk of  the
vehicle which has a level one AC connector on one side and a level two AC connector the J1772 on the opposite side
which is compatible with the connector on the vehicle. These are wall mounted so there are two
very large mounting screws or more to screw it to the wall, the cover must be removed to access the internals,
inside are the AC input block where you can see the two AC mains and the earth ground and the output wires are
prewired. The Lavaton unit, has a different approach that it uses a pre-installation base plate that's screwed to
the wall and has doll pins on the back that snap into the base plate it also is prewired with Anema 6-20 240
volt 20 amp connector that usually has a lockable enclosure over the plug as another way to meet the national
electric code. Inside you can see there is no user terminals needed it is a very simple straightforward
enclosure. Their environment unit is also mounted has convenient hooks on it to allow the electrician to hang
the front panel down below as he makes internal connections to the AC mains and the earth ground the power feed
can come into the bottom or the rear depending on how things are mounted and has a O ring on the front to seal
it and as you can see not much electronics inside for all the safety interlocks, these are not intelligent
charge stations which do not have RFID or other way of doing billing so these are direct on/off. There is allot
of confusion about level 1 level 2 level 3 AC vs. level 1 level 2 level 3 DC and world harmonization of
standards we saw the level 2 connector for most charge stations in the united states so most charge stations in
the united states will use the SAEJ-1772 level 2 AC connector which is up to 80 amps if you have the
appropriately sized cable this cable is sized for 30 amps. The connector has the basic five pins of the main
power, the earth ground, the pilot wire which governs the amount of current that the charger can draw, and the
proximity pin which is the interlock to make sure that the power is removed before the connector is extracted.
In the united states we use single phase power for both level 1 and level 2 and of course level 3 ac is 480
volts so level 1 is 120 and level 2 240 level 3 AC is 480 volts. If any of you are looking at Nissan vehicles
they use the Japanese gyre connector and so this is JEVS G105-1993 which has two pins that are 150 amps and
eight interlocked in so ten total this is going to be superseded by a combination of the DC and the AC to
simplify the process, and that is how the world is harmonizing on AC standards and combined with DC standards and
this is level 2 DC so what you'll see is level 2 home and level 2 public infrastructure and then level 2 DC
which is up to 200 amps level 3 DC is 400 amps and level 1 DC which is unknown to most people will also use this
and use the communication pin to facilitate using the existing connector up to 72 kilowatt on this 42 millimeter
connector. So in general harmonization with the globe between US, Europe, China, and Japan is ongoing and in the
United States we've settled on the  SAEJ-1772 level 2 connector for 240 volts and the combination connector for
level 2 DC and level 2 AC. There is been some confusion out there between the difference of charging stations
and chargers and the things you are charging which are batteries. So in all electric vehicles there are
electrical energies electro chemical energies storage systems with the battery management system on top of each
car which tells the charger this unit or this unit how much DC power to take from the AC lines and put into the
battery so this system of the charger and the battery and the management system governs the amount of electricity
that goes into the battery for a 24 kilowatt hour vehicle charging at 3 kilowatt would be 6 plus hours of charging
for smaller vehicles it would be less and of course for a plug in hybrid vehicle which might have a 4-6-8 kilowatt
hour capacity it would be in the 3-6 hour range. Inside the charger there are sophisticated electronics to convert
AC power into DC power along with the communications to the battery management system, these can be air cooled or
liquid cooled. The measurement system of AC power is usually done off board, some units have a metering circuit
inside of it some have an external one that is owned by the utility much like the regular full sized meter it has a
submeter. Submetering is an important part of the smart grid and the way utilities can bill out energy to that is
distributed to the car separate from energy that is delivered to the residents or to the business.
