The United States has the largest prison population
per capita in the world behind the Seychelles,
but in terms of inmates, the tiny island nation
has nothing on the US.
According to Prison Policy, in total, if you
include all the various forms of detention
such as prisons, jails, juvenile correctional
facilities, and more, there are currently
about 2.3 million Americans behind bars.
Violence, property crimes, drugs and public
order offenses are why most of those prisoners
are doing time.
What’s goes on in US prisons is also a matter
of ongoing controversy often depicted in movies
and documentaries, but the atrocities of the
past in those prisons, and prisons all over
the world, are even more shocking.
That’s what we’ll look at today, in this
episode of the Infographics Show, Worst Prison
Experiments Conducted on Humans.
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Perhaps the worst of all nightmares is being
surgically experimented on by a ruthless physician.
Such a narrative has been a mainstay in sci-fi
and horror fiction for some time, with recent
examples being Deadpool and before that The
Human Centipede.
These ideas didn’t come out of nowhere.
Indeed, we might look back at an American
doctor and eugenicist called Leo Stanley.
He was the Chief Surgeon at California's San
Quentin State Prison from 1913 to 1951.
As a believer in eugenics – the principle
that we can be improved by controlled breeding
and modifying the body – he started off
at the prison by sterilizing all the men he
considered beyond redemption.
That was the least of it.
He also believed he could make an old prisoner
more virile by implanting the testicles of
young men that had been executed into older
inmates.
It didn’t really work, but he carried on,
only with not enough dead men’s nuts, he
turned to using the glands of rams, boars
and goats on thousands of inmates.
Such surgical experiments might make us wince,
but far worse was done with disease.
One such case started in 1956 and went on
for 14 years, during which researchers took
mentally disabled children from Willowbrook
State School in Staten Island, New York, and
purposely gave them viral hepatitis.
The kids were given food contaminated with
the feces of infected persons, which the doctors
had told parents amounted to a vaccination.
This wasn’t true, and the case goes down
as an immoral experiment to find a treatment
for the disease.
While this is not strictly a prison experiment,
the children were for all intents and purposes
in detention.
If not for medical science, then prisoners
have been used in military experiments.
One such experiment happened over a period
of 20 years in the 1950s and 70s at the now
infamous, and closed down, Holmesburg Prison
is Philadelphia.
The prison became notorious for its "perfume
experiments” – a name the prisoners gave
the experiments, but was also known for mind-control
experiments.
Using mostly black prisoners, scientists at
the University of Pennsylvania working with
the Dow chemical company, the US Army, and
Johnson and Johnson, performed a series of
tests by injecting them with powerful, toxic
chemicals in order to see how the skin reacts
to them.
Toxins were also added to prisoners’ toothpaste,
deodorant, shampoo, skin creams, and other
products.
Many of the prisoners became very sick and
many had painful and horrific looking skin
conditions.
It’s thought 9 out of 10 prisoners were
tested on.
One of the chilling facts from this time is
what the leading scientist said when he first
walked into the prison and realized how perfect
it would be for testing.
“All I saw before me were acres of skin
... It was like a farmer seeing a fertile
field for the first time,” he said.
If that wasn’t bad enough, many inmates
were also given LSD in mind control experiments.
One of these psychological experiments involved
a substance known as EA 3167.
The drug, used in chemical warfare, is said
to cause “delirium and other psychotic behavior
lasting from three to four days with subsequent
amnesia.”
While it’s thought such methods are on their
way out, former detainees of the USA’s notorious
detention center at Guantanamo Bay have reported
that they too were experimented on with mind-altering
drugs.
We will now turn our focus away from the USA
and towards Germany.
Detailing Nazi atrocities would be a show
in itself, so we will talk about perhaps the
worst of the worst regarding experiments performed
on prisoners in concentration camps.
Again, it is the surgical experiments that
make the skin crawl the most.
Some of these were conducted by Nazi scientist,
Josef Mengele, who it is said during 1943
and 1944 performed experiments on almost 1,500
twins in the camps.
Twins were initially saved from the gas chamber
so the doctor could conduct his tests in the
name of eugenics.
Stories differ on what he actually did, but
according to the BBC he would sometimes take
out organs without anesthetic.
The BBC also wrote that he had a collection
of human eyes of all different colors stuck
to his laboratory wall.
He was fascinated with eye color, and it’s
said he would inject dye into children’s
eyes to change the color.
Adding to the horror and mystery behind the
strange case of Dr. Mengele, whom according
to some surviving twins had a fatherly side
to him, there is one story that says he sewed
two Gypsy twins together to make them conjoined.
They later died of gangrene it was reported,
after spending three days in terrible agony.
Some prisoners were said to have bone, muscle,
and nerve transplantation performed on them
without anesthesia.
The Nazis also conducted all kinds of other
experiments, including freezing prisoners
to study hypothermia, infecting them with
diseases, poisoning them and burning them
alive.
Japan also has a dark past involving its treatment
of prisoners of war.
Many of the worst atrocities were carried
out on American POWS, something which has
been told in all its lurid detail.
In one such article, The Guardian explains
that US prisoners were injected with seawater;
one man had his lung removed and another man
had his head drilled into so doctors could
take out some of his brain in an effort to
better understand epilepsy.
It’s also reported that one of the soldiers
had his liver removed, for it later to become
dinner for Japanese soldiers.
The charge of cannibalism to the Japanese
soldiers was never brought, though, due to
a lack of evidence.
According to a Japanese man who was a medical
student at the camp, the experiments had no
medical value.
“They were being used to inflict as cruel
a death as possible on the prisoners,” said
the man.
The Japanese imperial army’s penchant for
torture didn’t stop in Japan.
A research and development center located
in China known as Unit 731 was the place where
Chinese POWs would experience a kind of hell
on Earth.
It’s now believed that thousands of POWs
experienced live vivisection without anesthesia.
Not only soldiers, but local women and children
had their organs removed in the name of science.
Most would die.
It’s said that other prisoners had their
limbs removed so the Japanese could study
blood loss, and sometimes the doctors would
attempt to attach the limbs to the opposite
side.
The list of cruelties is a long one, and it’s
thought thousands of civilians died in the
end, many of whom had been purposely infected
with a number of diseases.
Other prisoners were killed when the Japanese
were merely testing how well their guns, bombs
and flamethrowers worked.
Over to Russia and life in the Gulag, the
Russian prison for so-called enemies of the
people.
One of a number of horrible ways to die in
the Gulag was to have poisons tested on you.
It’s reported that a famous doctor used
scores of patients while testing deadly poisons
at the Gulag’s Laboratory 12, aka, The Chamber.
Head of the lab, Grigory Mairanovsky, was
looking for a poison that was tasteless but
could kill a man in seconds.
It’s reported that many of the victims of
The Chamber were previously well-respected
academics, politicians and artists.
Well, that’s the end of today’s rather
macabre show.
Do you think that we, as a civilization, have
moved past experimenting on prisoners, or
do you think it’s still going on today?
Let us know in the comments!
Also, be sure to check out our other video
called Most painful Things a Human Can Experience?!
Thanks for watching, and, as always, don’t
forget to like, share, and subscribe.
See you next time!
