Elon Musk, the celebrity
entrepreneur behind Tesla and SpaceX, finally
unveiled what his company Neuralink has been
up to for the past two years.
Neuralink is developing a brain-machine interface,
or BMI, with the goal of one day helping the
paralyzed use robotic limbs or other devices.
Musk even envisions a future where able-bodied
people also have BMIs that will let them communicate
with artificial intelligence more efficiently.
But BMIs have been around for over a decade,
so what makes Neuralink’s device newsworthy?
Well, aside from Elon Musk himself.
What can I say, everything the guy does generates
publicity.
He has a habit of making bold predictions
and goals for the future, like his claim that
putting a human on Mars in the next four years
“sounds doable.”
For perspective, NASA’s crewed missions
to Mars won’t happen until the 2030’s.
So of course when Musk announces a company
that’s created thin threads to be implanted
in human brains, it’s going to make… headlines.
Anyway, hilarious puns aside, that is one of the more
exciting aspects of Neuralink’s coming out
party; the thin cellophane-like filaments
containing electrodes that will be inserted
into the brain.
BMIs that have come before use an array of
stiff needles with electrodes to detect neural
activity.
As you might imagine, squishing a microscopic
pincushion into your brain causes some damage,
and the recovery process can lead to some
points of contact being lost over time.
The brain also shifts inside the skull, and
when that happens, the needles can cause further
damage.
Flexible threads of electrodes just 4 to 6
micrometers wide could be less invasive and
damaging.
Neuralink also claims they would allow for
a higher volume of data, since they could
use over 3,000 electrodes, while some current
BMIs have up to about 100.
But their flexibility also makes them harder
to insert, like pushing on a rope.
To go along with their threaded electrode
development, Neuralink also announced a remotely
operated neurosurgical robot capable of inserting
6 threads a minute.
Imagine a microscope and a sewing machine
had a baby and you get the gist of it.But
Musk’s company still has bigger goals in
mind.
They’re also hoping to do away with the
mechanical drilling necessary to pierce the
skull and get to those delicious brain meats.
A physical drill sends vibrations through
the skull, which sounds unpleasant to say
the least.
Instead, Neuralink would like to crack your
bone-bucket with, what else, lasers.
And once their done lasering holes in your
skull and using robo-sewer to run you full
of electrodes, they’d like to seal your
skull up again completely.
Right now, BMIs rely on some sort of port
sticking out of the skin.
Neuralink’s prototype has a USB-C plug to
connect it to hardware outside.
A wireless connection would probably mean
less data could be sent back and forth, but
it would eliminate the open hole in the skull,
a prime site for dangerous infections.
Neuralink envisions a sleek, battery-powered
computer sitting behind the ear that will
communicate with implanted chips connected
to four different areas of the brain.
It might even be controlled by an app.
Some of the uses of BMIs are obvious.
People in wheelchairs could control it with
their minds instead of a joystick.
Those who have lost limbs could have a connection
to a robotic arm they can manipulate.
And Musk envisions his threads of electrodes
not only being used to detect brain signals,
but giving feedback as well.
Controlling an arm that doesn’t tell you
where it is is like moving a limb that’s
fallen asleep.
Some sort of sensory feedback would go a long
way to making the technology more practical.
But Musk also sees uses for his technology
that are not as readily apparent.
Right now the way your brain communicates
with the outside world is pretty limited.
If you want to talk to a computer, you’ve
got your mouth for speaking and your fingers
for typing and that’s about it.
Musk envisions high-bandwidth communication
directly from your brain to machines and vice-versa.
He hopes to make the human relationship with
AI a symbiotic one, instead of his famously
pessimistic outlook on the future of artificial
intelligence.
But again, this may be Musk looking at such
a big picture he’s painting off-canvas.
Before any of this can happen Neuralink needs
to get approval from the FDA to begin testing
their technology in humans.
The threads need to be proven to survive the
highly corrosive salty solution inside the bra
And there’s a host of ethical, security,
and privacy issues that need to be worked
out as well.
Right now Neuralink technology has only been
tested in rats, and the grander ideas they’ve
proposed were in a white paper that has yet
to be peer reviewed by other academics.
Musk hopes to have human trials beginning
by the end of next year, but like his ambitious
four-years-to-Mars prediction, he might be
ahead of his time.
Would you use this technology to mind-meld
with computers or are you worried about the
ethics and security?
Let us know in the comments, and while you're at it
check out this episode on How Close
Are We to Controlling Machines With Our Minds.
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I'll see you next time on Seeker.
