
English: 
Compression is reducing the amount of information
but without, in a sense, losing any of it.
Trying to compress it and shorten it in such a way that you could in principle recover
the full information that you started with,
but in terms of transmitting it over a network, it's going to cost you less
because you pay per bit or per byte or whatever.
And if you could get the number of bytes down that you need to transmit
to get something across the wire, then that benefits everybody, generally.
You do sometimes not compress because the following
drawback happens. If you compress something then you have to decompress it to get back the full story,
that decompression takes time at the other end.
You have to get a computer on it saying: "this was transmitted compressed,
because it saved BT bandwidth cost,

English: 
Compression is reducing the amount of
information but without, in a sense, losing
any of it. Trying to compress it and
shorten it, in such a way that you could,
in principle, recover the full
information that you started with.
But in terms of transmitting it over
a network it's going to cost you less
because you pay per bit, or per byte, or
whatever. If you can get the number of
bytes down - that you need to transmit to
get something across the wire - then that
benefits everybody, generally.
You would sometimes not
compress because the following
drawback happens: if you compress
something then you have to decompress it
to get back the full story. That
decompression takes time at the other end
yeah? You have to get a computer on it
saying this was transmitted compressed
because it saved
BT bandwidth costs. But now I'm at this
end and I want to see the real picture.

Turkish: 
Sıkıştırma miktarını azaltıyor
bilgi olmadan ama bir anlamda kaybetmek
herhangi biri. Sıkıştırmaya çalışıyorum ve
onu kısaltabilecek şekilde kısaltın,
Prensip olarak, tam kurtarmak
başladığınız bilgiler.
Ama onu iletmek açısından
bir ağ size daha az mal olacak
çünkü bit veya bayt başına ödeme yaparsınız veya
her neyse. Eğer sayısını alabilirsen
bayt aşağı - aktarmanız gereken
telin üzerinden bir şey al - o zaman
genellikle herkese yarar sağlar.
Bazen olmazdın
aşağıdaki çünkü sıkıştır
dezavantajı: sıkıştırırsanız
Bir şey o zaman onu açmak zorunda
hikayenin tamamını geri almak için. o
dekompresyon diğer ucunda zaman alır
Evet? Bir bilgisayar bulmalısın
bunun sıkıştırılmış olarak iletildiğini söyleyerek
çünkü kurtardı
BT bant genişliği maliyetleri. Ama şimdi bu işteyim
Sonunda gerçek resmi görmek istiyorum.

English: 
I've got to uncompress it.
So the nice thing about not compressing,,
if you don't mind the amount of data, is
it's there at the other end and it's 
instantly processable. You compress data,
essentially, by looking for repeated
patterns and predictability. And I think
if you take an example, shall we say, of a
text file - something that repeats itself
over and over again with the stock buzz
phrases used over and over and over
again is going to be pretty compressible.
If somebody writes a report that's got
the phrase; "meaningful and relevant
scenarios at this point in time going forward",
then you take that out. And it's been
used a thousand times and it drives
you're mad and you make one copy of it
at the top of the file and that's maybe,
I don't know, 50 characters, 50 bytes. And
you say: "I'm not gonna spend 50 bytes
repeating that phrase every time in this
report, I'm going to compress it. Take one copy
and I'll take a note of 

Turkish: 
Sıkıştırmam lazım.
Sıkıştırmamanın iyi tarafı,
veri miktarına aldırış etmiyorsanız,
diğer ucunda orada ve 
anında işlenebilir. Veriyi sıkıştırıyorsun
aslında, tekrarlananları arayarak
kalıplar ve öngörülebilirlik. Ve düşünüyorum
eğer bir örnek alırsanız,
metin dosyası - kendini tekrar eden bir şey
buzz'larla tekrar tekrar tekrar
tekrar tekrar kullanılan ifadeler
yine oldukça sıkıştırılabilir olacak.
Birisi varsa bir rapor yazarsa
ifade; "anlamlı ve alakalı
İlerleyen zamanda bu noktada senaryolar ",
sonra onu dışarı çıkar. Ve oldu
bin kere kullanıldı ve kullanıyor
Kızdın ve bir kopyasını çıkarttın.
Dosyanın en üstünde, belki de
Bilmiyorum, 50 karakter, 50 bayt. Ve
"50 bayt harcamam
her seferinde bu cümleyi tekrar etmek
Rapor, sıkıştırmaya gidiyorum. Bir kopya al
ve not alacağım

English: 
but now I'm at this end and I want to see the real picture, I've got to uncompress it."
So, the nice thing about not compressing, if you don't mind the amount of data,
is it's there at the other end and it's instantly processable.
You compress data essentially by looking for repeated patterns and predictability.
And I think, if you take an example, shall we say of a text file,
something that repeats itself over and over again
with the stock buzzphrases used over and over and over again is going to be pretty compressable.
If somebody writes a report that's got the phrase
"meaningful and relevant scenarios at this point in time going forward",
then you take that out and it's being used a thousand times and it drives you mad
and you make one copy of it at the top of the file,
and that's maybe, I don't know, 50 characters, 50 bites, and you say
"I'm NOT gonna spend 50 bites repeating that phrase everytime in this report,
I'm gonna compress it." You take one copy and take a note of where it occurs in the file.

Turkish: 
dosyada gerçekleştiği yer. Oluşur
pozisyonları 20, 800, 1500 ve benzeri başlar.
Ve çok büyük miktarda tasarruf yapabilirsiniz çünkü
bu sayılar üç veya dört bayt alır
her biri - yüz tek bayt değil - her seferinde.
Resimler daha zor. Buna geri dönüyorum
şeyleri sıkıştırılabilir yapan şeyin ne olduğu fikrini
öngörülebilirlik,
o zaman bir fotoğraf düşünürseniz.
Bazı fotoğraflarda söyleyebilirsin
öngörülebilir alanlar. Alabilirsin - olur
biz söylüyoruz - bir fotoğraf - Microsoft'taki gibi
Windows var sarı bir ıssız ada
Pasifik Okyanusunun ortasında
bir yeşil ağaç. Bu kolay çünkü 
Pasifik tamamen pürüzsüz.
binlerce mavi pikseliniz var
yüzlerce sarı pikseliniz var
çöl adası birkaç yüz daha
ağaç.
Böylece göndererek sıkıştırabilirsiniz
tek tek her piksel
deniz olduğunu söyleyerek

English: 
where it occurs in the file. It occurs at
start positions 20, 800, 1500 and so on.
And you can save a huge amount because
those numbers take three or four bytes
each - not a hundred-odd bytes - every time.
Pictures are harder. Coming back to this
idea that what makes things compressible
is predictability,
then if you think about a photograph.
Some photographs, you could say, do have
predictable areas. You could take - shall
we say - a photograph of -- like on Microsoft
Windows there's a yellow desert island
in the middle of the Pacific Ocean with
one green tree. Well that's easy because 
the Pacific is totally smooth,
you've got thousands of blue pixels,
you've got hundreds of yellow pixels for
the desert island a few hundred more for
the tree.
So you can compress it not by sending
every single pixel individually but by
saying there's the sea,

English: 
It occurs at  20, 800,1500 and so on.
And you can save a huge amount because those numbers take three or four bytes each
not a hundred bytes every time.
Pictures are harder, coming back to this idea of what makes things compressible
is predictability.
Then, if you think about a photograph
some photographs, you could say, do have predictable areas.
You could take, shall we say, a photograph of,
like on Microsoft Windows,
there's a yellow desert island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean
with one green tree.
Now that's easy, because the Pacific is totally smooth,
you've got thousands of blue pixels,
you've got hundreds of yellow pixels for the desert island,
a few hundred more for the tree.
So you can compress it, not by sending every single pixel individually,
but by saying: "There's the sea,

Turkish: 
mavi renk var, bir
bunlardan bin tanesi, sadece onları çoğaltın.
Benzer şekilde çöl adası ve
ağacı. Demek istediğim bu.
öngörülebilirlik veya ortak unsur
resmin içindeki alanlar. Şimdi ortalama
çektiğiniz fotoğraf oldukça basit olabilir.
Düz yüzeyli bir iç mekan fotoğrafı,
ama fotoğraf çekmeyi hayal ediyorsun
örneğin, bir spor araba yarışı veya
BLOB'ları olan izlenimci bir resim
her yeri boyama - her yere y '
biliyorum - bu çok daha rastgele. Ve orada
alabileceğin bir kalıp değil
kolayca sıkıştırılabilir hale getirmek için. Temelde sen
derin bir nefes alıp şöyle demeliyim: "Ben gidiyorum 
her şeyi iletmek zorundayım çünkü göremiyorum
Burada herhangi bir desen ".
>> Brady: Bu mavi piksellerden bahsediyordun.
Bin tane mavi piksel olabilir.
>> DFB: Evet. 
>> Brady: Ama bilgisayar hala bilmek zorunda
her birini nereye koyacağız öyleyse nasıl
zaman kazanmak?
>> DFB: Hala bazı minimal iletmek zorunda
nerede döşenmeye başlanacağı bilgisi

English: 
there's the color blue, there's a thousand of those, just replicate them,
similarly for the desert island and the tree.
So, that's what I mean about the element of predictability or common areas inside a picture.
Now, the average photo you take
maybe fairly simple if it's an indoor photo with flat surfaces
but you imagine taking a photograph, for example,
of a sports car race, or of an impressionist picture with blobs of painting all over,
all over the place, you know,
that's much more random and there isn't a pattern that you can pick up on to make it easily compressible.
You best have to take a deep breath and say: "I'm gonna have to transmit the whole thing
because I can't see any patterns in here."
You were talking about these blue pixels, there may be a thousand blue pixels,
but the computer still has to know where to put every single one, so how are we saving time?
You still have to transmit some minimal information

English: 
there's the colour blue, there's a
thousand of those, just replicate them.
Similarly for the desert island and the
tree. So that's what I mean about the
element of predictability or common
areas inside a picture. Now the average
photo you take may be fairly simple, if
it's an indoor photo with flat surfaces,
but you imagine taking a photograph,
for example, of a sports car race, or of
an Impressionist picture with blobs of
painting all over - all over the place y'
know - that's much more random. And there
isn't a pattern that you can pick up on
to make it easily compressible. You basically
have to take a deep breath and say: "I'm going to 
have to transmit the whole thing because I can't see
any patterns in here".
>> Brady: you were talking about these blue pixels.
There may be a thousand blue pixels,
>> DFB: Yeah. 
>> Brady: But the computer still has to know
where to put every single one so how are we
saving time?
>> DFB: You still have to transmit some minimal
information as to where to start laying

Turkish: 
Bu pikseller ekranda. Diyorsun
böyle bir pozisyonda başlamak, XY,
resmin ne kadar geniş olduğunu biliyorsun
Sadece 10.000 mavi piksel fırlattım ve görüyorum
nasıl uyuyor.
Söylemene gerek yok: "İşte
spec. için mavi pikselin
bin pozisyonu. İşte aynı
Spec. 2001'deki mavi piksel için ".
Bunu yapmana gerek yok. Sen sadece gönder
spec. bir kere söyleyin ve çoğaltın 400,
ya da her neyse, kere.
Ben onu olduğundan daha basit yapıyorum.
Belki de iyi bir örnek
JPEG sıkıştırması Bu çok yaygın. Zorunda
fotoğraf alabilmek için yapılmalı
gibi sitelere yükleme için boyuta aşağı 
Picasa ve Flickr. Olmayacaklar
her birinizin olması mutlu
20 MB alan ve olmak
son derece mükemmel.
Sıkıştırmak istiyorlar.
kilobayt. Ve sorun şu ki,

English: 
these pixels out, on the screen.  You say
start at such and such a position, XY,
you know how wide the picture is
I just spew ou 10,000 blue pixels and see
how it fits in.
What you don't have to say is: "Here
is the spec. of the blue pixel for
position one thousand. Here is the same
spec. for the blue pixel at position 2001".
You don't need to do that. You just send
the spec. once and say replicate it 400,
or whatever, times.
Well I'm making it simpler than it is.
Perhaps one good example would be that
JPEG compression. It's very common. It has to
be done to be able to get photographs
down to size for uploading to sites like 
Picasa and Flickr. They're not going to be
happy having every single one of your
photos taking up 20 MB and being
utterly perfect.
They want to compress it down to
kilobytes. And the problem is that many,

English: 
as to where to start laying these pixels out on the screen.
You say: "start at such and such a position, and the XY, you know how wide the picture is,
just spew out ten thousand blue pixels and see how it fits in."
What you don't have to say is "here is the spec of the blue pixel for position 1000, here is the same spec
for the blue pixel at position 1001", you don't need to do that.
You just send the spec once and say "replicate it for hundred, or whatever times".
Well, I'm making it simpler than it is.
Perhaps one good example would be the JPEG compression.
It's very common, has to be done to be able to get photographs down for size
to uploading to sites like Picasa and Flickr, they're not going to be happy
having every single one of your photos taking up 20 MB and being utterly perfect.
They want to compress it down to kilobytes.

Turkish: 
özellikle manzara vb. 
doğuştan rasgele yeterince arıyor
sıkıştırmak kolay değil. Yani JPEG bir
giden bir sıkıştırma örneği
"kayıplı" ismi. Konuştuğumuzda
metinde sıkıştırma hakkında daha önce
dava, senin için yapabileceğini sana koydum
her zaman tam dosyayı kurtar çünkü
vızıltı cümleniz vardı - her yer
çoğaltıldı - sizi durduracak hiçbir şey
uzaktaki son, tüm bunları geri aldım ve
tam olarak olduğu gibi geri
kayıpsız. Fotografik bir durumda
dene ve yap ama alamazsın
çok sıkıştırma çünkü yok
öngörülebilirlik.
Öyleyse JPEG'in yaptığı şey temelde şöyle der: "Eğer
biraz akıllıca yapmama izin vereceksin
deneyeceğim ve daha fazlasını alacağım
ondan dışarı sıkıştırma, ancak yapabilir
Resminizin kenarları biraz bulanık görünüyor
ve onları büyütürken bulanık ".
hakkında her türlü hileyle yapmak
resmi bloklara bölmek ve

English: 
And the problem is that many, particularly scenery and so on, is inately random enough looking
that it's not easy to compress.
So JPEG is an example of a compression that goes by the name of 'lossy'.
When we discussed earlier about compression, in the text case,
I put it to you that you could always recover the exact file
because you had your buzzphrase, all the places it was replicated,
nothing to stop you at the far end undoing all that and building it back exactly as it was with no loss.
In a photographic case, you could try and do that, but you wouldn't get much compression,
because there's no predictability.
So what JPEG does, is it basically says: "if you allow me to do some really clever things,
I will try and get more compression out of it
but I may make the edges of your picture look a bit blurry and fuzzy as you magnify them."
And it's doing it by all sorts of tricks, about

English: 
particularly scenery and so on, is 
innately random enough looking that it's
not easy to compress. So JPEG is an
example of a compression that goes by
the name of "lossy". When we discussed
earlier about compression in the text
case, I put it to you that you could
always recover the exact file because
you had your buzz phrase - all the places
it was replicated - nothing to stop you, at
the far end, undoing all that and
building it back exactly as it was, with
no loss. In a photographic case you could
try and do that but you wouldn't get
much compression because there's no
predictability.
So what JPEG does is [it] basically says: "If
you'll allow me to do some really clever
things i will try and get more
compression out of it, but I may make the
edges of your picture look a bit blurry
and fuzzy as you magnify them". And it's
doing it by all sorts of tricks about
dividing the picture up into blocks and

English: 
dividing the picture up in two, blocks and squares, and saying "well, this is almost the same green,
I'll use this as an approximation."
It's never recoverable exactly the way you started
but you get a lot more compression that way, if you don't mind an approximation.
And for people in the human visual system looking at something that can often be pretty good.
Particularly on a screen.
What are the compressing geniuses in their compression HQ trying to do at the moment
or is it kind of, have they reached their limit? Surely, this has a limit?
There is a limit, this is something that's covered by fascinating topical information theory.
Information theory will tell you
what is called the entropy limit.
Now, many viewers of this video will have heard of entropy, and will freeze solid,
because they were taught it in physics and chemistry, right?
As a computer scientist, and an ex-chemist, let me tell you learning about entropy is a lot easier
from a computer science standpoint.

English: 
squares and saying: "Well this is almost
the same green
I'll use this as an approximation". It's
never recoverable exactly the way you
started but you get a lot more
compression that way, if you don't mind
an approximation.
And for people in the human visual
system looking at something, that can
often be pretty good - particularly on a screen.
>> Brady: What are the compressing geniuses in their
Compression HQ trying to do at
the moment?  Or is it kind of that they
reach their limits? I mean, surely surely
this has a limit?
>> DFB: There is a limit. This is something
that's covered by a fascinating topic
called Information Theory.
Information Theory will tell you what is
called the "entropy limit".
Now many viewers of this video will have
heard of entropy and will freeze solid
because they were taught it in physics and
chemistry. Right?! As a computer scientist
and an ex-chemist, let me tell you
learning about entropy is a lot easier
from a computer science standpoint,

Turkish: 
kareler ve şöyle der: "Peki bu neredeyse
aynı yeşil
Bunu bir yaklaşım olarak kullanacağım. "
asla senin olduğu gibi kurtarılamaz
başladım ama çok daha fazlasını aldınız
sakıncası yoksa, bu şekilde sıkıştırma
Bir yaklaşım.
Ve insan görselindeki insanlar için
sistem bir şeye bakıyor, ki
genellikle oldukça iyi - özellikle ekranda.
>> Brady: Sıkıştırma dehaları nelerdir?
Sıkıştırma HQ yapmaya çalışıyor
an Yoksa onlar böyle mi
sınırlarına ulaşmak? Yani, kesinlikle
bunun bir sınırı var mı?
>> DFB: Bir sınır var. Bu bir şey
Bu büyüleyici bir konu ile kaplı
Bilgi Kuramı olarak adlandırılır.
Bilgi Teorisi size ne olduğunu söyleyecektir
"entropi sınırı" denir.
Şimdi bu videonun birçok izleyicisi var
entropi duydum ve donacak
çünkü onlara fizikte öğretildiler ve
kimya. Sağ?! Bir bilgisayar bilimcisi olarak
ve eski bir kimyager, sana söyleyeyim
entropi hakkında bilgi edinmek çok daha kolay
bilgisayar bilimleri açısından,

English: 
no question about it. You can work out
for example
what's the minimum number of bits I need
to transmit a piece of
information in a lossless way?
Let's concentrate on that. What's the
minimum number of bits i can get away with?
>> Brady: Let's get you a piece of paper!
>> DFB: What happens if I send 101 and there are
two errors in it - not just one .... ?

English: 
No question about it.
You can work out, for example,
what's the minimum number of bits I need to transmit a piece of information in a lossless way.
Let's concentrate on that.
What's the minimum number of bits I can get away with, and, I could,...
Let's get you a piece of paper.

Turkish: 
Bunun hakkında soru yok. Çalışabilirsin
Örneğin
ihtiyacım olan minimum bit sayısı nedir
bir parçasını iletmek
bilgi kayıpsız bir şekilde?
Buna konsantre olalım. Bu ne
En az kaç bit ile kaçabilirim?
>> Brady: Size bir kağıt parçası alalım!
>> DFB: 101 gönderirseniz ne olur?
iki hata - sadece bir değil ....?
