Okay.
Yes.
Michael Thorburn: Okay welcome everybody to the second week of Expo.
Michael Thorburn: Our first
Michael Thorburn: Virtual Expo. We've got six presentations today in the electrical and mechanical engineering area.
Michael Thorburn: Each of the presentations is scheduled to last about 40 minutes we expect the actual presentation to be about 20 minutes which will allow for ample time for for questions and answers.
Michael Thorburn: We're going to try to utilize a piece of software that actually collects the transcripts automatically
Michael Thorburn: Please bear with us as we learn how to use that today.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, but when when the present when the students and our teams are done with their presentations, please be sure and fill out the qual tricks survey, you've got a link to that I sent everybody a link. It's
Michael Thorburn: Everybody that's been invited everybody that's all the students have the links.
Michael Thorburn: If I will post it again in the chat room. And if you need
Michael Thorburn: A copy you can't seem to find a copy, let me know and I'll send you one. We value your feedback. The students value your feedback. We also use it.
Michael Thorburn: As we demonstrate are a bit to a better requirements. Okay. So then, without further delay, let me introduce this is the hybrid personal mobility team and their final presentation.
Michael Thorburn: Go ahead and take it away.
David Canizales: Advisor
David Canizales: Dr.
David Canizales: Myself, David, and sometimes
David Canizales: We're seeing a hot flashes on
David Canizales: This is a part of the mechanical
David Canizales: You can see the
David Canizales: Picture of each one of us and how we contribute to the conflict there was four years and one of the
David Canizales: Like I said, this is all of us, but
Michael Thorburn: It could you sit a little closer to your microphone, please. Yes.
David Canizales: Just better
Yes.
David Canizales: And so as I'm saying this is just a picture so you guys can get an idea of what we look like. And this is there's for mechanical engineers, electrical engineer and there really is a description of what each one of us contributed to
David Canizales: We're going to go over and agenda. So for the introduction. I'm gonna I'm gonna
David Canizales: I'm going to begin that I want to go over the project background scope deliverables some calculations and then I'm going to hand it over to
David Canizales: The rest of the team and they're going to go over mechanical design the frame brakes, suspension direction will be done by our chemical engineers Tony and Derek and our electrical engineers and talk
About the electrical design.
David Canizales: So for the project background for many years, the automobile industry has settled for standard size gables and even considering the size of contact sides equal, which is about 14.5 feet.
David Canizales: Long. It's what we consider still reasonably big in order for or considering the amount of people that live in big cities like Los Angeles. So we thought we wanted, we decided we wanted to do something about that but equals inevitably congested ease and increase are coming from.
David Canizales: As we see
David Canizales: There has been there's actually been a this is a little bit of Simon you've actually seen improvements in our environment. Ever since the pandemic happen, and especially in the city.
David Canizales: But what we want to do is to continue that and still be able to have it in a healthy environment within the cities.
David Canizales: So there are some advantages to living in a busy city, right, because we have we have so many things that are
David Canizales: Within a couple of miles away. We have post office. We have grocery stores. We have a lot of things that are conveniently comes to us.
David Canizales: So we decided was we can create something smaller for people to get around. We don't need to be driving a 45 or like a large vehicle in order for us to go run errands, or things like that.
David Canizales: So we decided we want to focus on something like this. This will reduce the congestion depletion and inspire more effective ways
David Canizales: For people to create ideas to make us to our vehicles for us to be able to get around. So the purpose of this was to do the same city life for protecting the environment.
David Canizales: The project scope for the PDF a person will believe us was that we wanted to make something that was about one 10th, the average weight of the park and sizes.
David Canizales: So this, we're looking at about a 300 pound vehicle, considering the weight of the passenger load. And so we wanted to be energy efficient and cost effective.
David Canizales: Because we've seen that vehicles can be expensive, the starting gate starting price for for a new car, for example, is about $15,000 we weren't
Considered
David Canizales: We wanted the tools to be around 2025 miles per hour to keep it within a safe travels and we wanted to create a hybrid between
David Canizales: Some technical talent leaves and electrical power from the motor and so
David Canizales: Within one thing that we really want to focus on was to keep it within state regulations, because if we were to master these to do like this.
David Canizales: A lot last thing you want us to have to have to change features later that we would have to in order for it to a city limits or city limits. So we want to keep it essentially as possible so that we can still use out and not have to worry about breaking
David Canizales: The project components or for this designer, the calculations to frame the power source control.
David Canizales: The steering and suspension.
David Canizales: deliverables and milestones ever
David Canizales: Actually essentially complete everything. The only thing that we unfortunately weren't able to finish designing I was left at the suspension is the most exciting important
David Canizales: Since the suspension is one of the most complicated aspects are parts of the current were able to complete it, and you had
David Canizales: Essentially built everything. I'll use Google as well. And that's when dependent bucket and we were forced to stop work now would be, unfortunately, but they didn't get enough done order for us to give us enough experience and to be able to share this presentation with you.
David Canizales: Some of the initial calculations for powers motors that we wanted to make sure that they have enough power in order for us to
David Canizales: Get to take salary reason and he will, and also get us to travel a reasonable distance without
David Canizales: pedal assist to lose. All right, we're looking at 13.6 months already pretty well considering using a one kilowatt hour battery. And if we consider that an average speed of seven miles per hour for seven meters per second which is about 15 miles per hour. This is considering a flat surface.
Michael Thorburn: Some people are having some difficulty hearing you.
Michael Thorburn: You try just positioning yourself differently in front of your microphone. It's we heard you better earlier.
David Canizales: Is it there. Yeah.
David Canizales: I'll try to speak louder.
Michael Thorburn: That works better for me.
David Canizales: Okay, so using the pedal assist however what give us an additional an additional 32,000 meters which would be. And if we were to look at it in terms of miles, it would increase from 15.6 miles to about 20 miles.
David Canizales: For the power and velocity we want it. We understand that as we increase velocity
David Canizales: The air resistance is gonna is going to increase exponentially. So we went ahead and graph this, to have an idea to get the best possible the
David Canizales: Most reasonable efficient feed without having to overpower the vehicle in order for us to maybe go one or two miles per hour extra and if you guys can see this is the power, the velocity and power.
David Canizales: And once you hit that muscle.
David Canizales: One second. I'm not sure what happened.
As far as
David Canizales: So,
David Canizales: This is the graph on on how much party wants to stay and we decided we wanted to stay within 2000 watts for the motor in order for below 2000 watts. In order for us to get the most efficiency.
David Canizales: After conceptual designs and a lot of a lot of FDA work finite element analysis, we decided to stick with this design here.
David Canizales: Next up I want to have
David Canizales: Russia number one.
David Canizales: Take over the frame rates.
Rashed Almarwan: Hi everyone. Should I share my screen.
Michael Thorburn: This Rashad, please do.
Rashed Almarwan: One moment.
Oh. Oh.
Michael Thorburn: Oh,
Oh,
Rashed Almarwan: And I see the full screen.
Michael Thorburn: On know Rashad we see your PowerPoint. The whole frame, you need to put it in the screen mode. Yes.
Rashed Almarwan: Well,
Michael Thorburn: You know,
Michael Thorburn: I still see the PowerPoint presentation.
Michael Thorburn: It looks like you're still in editing mode.
Rashed Almarwan: Yeah, try to enable the slideshow, but
Michael Thorburn: People editing up at the top.
Michael Thorburn: There you go. No.
Rashed Almarwan: Second,
Michael Thorburn: There's just to delay maybe
Okay.
Michael Thorburn: You're back in screen mode.
Rashed Almarwan: It's better now.
Michael Thorburn: Yes. Well, no.
Michael Thorburn: I think what we're gonna have to do. I apologize, everybody, we're trying to work out this transcription process.
Michael Thorburn: Rashid, I think.
Michael Thorburn: This is working. So maybe we can go back to David driving the screen.
Michael Thorburn: He does.
Michael Thorburn: Speak to your own charts. So David, if you would take over the screen again please.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, and let's
David Canizales: See that
Michael Thorburn: Yes, we on your agenda page at this moment. Yeah.
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Rashed Almarwan: So hi everyone I am rush it. I'm gonna talk about the frame and brake system or the frame.
Rashed Almarwan: We first with we thought on within Lewis said about the first for the safety for the driver and since it is the main component of
Rashed Almarwan: A bigger. So with this after, after some research that we did a lot of research about the steps that you use for our projects or
Rashed Almarwan: We found out that Cromarty steel and myself in a routine, but
Rashed Almarwan: For us, it was a common one that we use.
Rashed Almarwan: The market on the vehicles and dinner because of the cost and the weights and the availability. So since we Dr Sharif provide us with
Rashed Almarwan: My see 1018 so we use that since we have it. So we save that cost and save the budget. So you can see on the screen that this is a frame that we made so far it's only missing the page that the top part and the other part was like
Rashed Almarwan: Just to
Rashed Almarwan: Other but just in it. So it was almost a frame was almost done. Just the cage barters was missing and from the FDA or find elements method that's our weight is like the frame itself is what's to be 880 pounds.
Rashed Almarwan: And it was all the parts together supposed to have almost 400 pounds.
Rashed Almarwan: With under slide.
Rashed Almarwan: Oh,
Rashed Almarwan: Yeah. And then it's a side. So we have
Rashed Almarwan: Some options that too for the brake system to use it with this kind of vehicle. So we thought about the drum. This
Rashed Almarwan: Is not gonna work or it's not going to be more safe to the driver since that this product is better than any, any type of substances can handle them wet weather like right if it is raining or
Rashed Almarwan: This is all those in its know
Rashed Almarwan: And since we are using the website. Use the steering bar. So, we will we will use this kind of break luck with the cannabis on the same string.
Rashed Almarwan: Bars like easier for the driver to handle it and use it. And also, this does is it to mention us and so
Rashed Almarwan: He to buy an easy to find in the market.
Rashed Almarwan: Let's go to the next slide.
Rashed Almarwan: Yeah, so now I will handle the slide to my colleague Tony talk about suspension. Thank you.
Tony Rios: Should I share my screen or should they would continue
David Canizales: Tony, try sharing your
Michael Thorburn: Sharing your screen, my internet became unstable.
Okay.
Tony Rios: CASEY
Michael Thorburn: Yes.
Tony Rios: Okay, so this was pretty much my portion of the project. So our team wanted to implement some type of suspension system and our vehicles and
Tony Rios: This was going to be like a alternative to electric additional cars, then our vehicle should have a similar ride and feel to like traditional cards. So we decided to go with the bullish on suspension.
Tony Rios: Some other considerations that we had to include in our design was like the king kingpin inclination, the cash triangle and aggravation strain. So pretty much the most difficult part of designing the suspension was getting the the
Tony Rios: The components that we purchase online and like convert them to a digital copy. So we could put them in our, in our Assembly.
Tony Rios: Since like we purchase these components from like Ebay, Amazon, there wasn't like CAD files available for us to just get and just put into our Assembly.
Tony Rios: So pretty much what I had to do is take some calipers and take dimensions of every single part and try to draw them as accurately as I could. So we use these rods for the steering
Tony Rios: And this golden black was the boardroom for the control arms, and this was the shock absorber that we were going to use, which is here.
Tony Rios: So other considerations that we have to assume pretty much was that the suspension geometry is going to be approximate
Tony Rios: For like for the same reasons that I told you before that the component that we purchase and I drew. We're only act approximations because they're only as good as the measurements I took and the drawings. I can make
Tony Rios: And like where she was mentioning, we use. We decided to go for a steering rod instead of like a like a rack and pinion which will make the assembly more complicated. So we just the simple images that were just wrote it and we can achieve string that way.
Tony Rios: And yeah that's pretty much the same.
Tony Rios: So I guess the most important part of the suspension is the kingpin
Tony Rios: Which is this part, which is where the wheel would attach to and the lower control arm and the upper control as well. And the shock absorber.
Tony Rios: So the camera angle that we chose to have for our for we over seven degrees and our kingpin inclination was 12.6 and that's just pretty much saying that like if we draw lines from the ball joints that are just be this angle with respect to a normal line.
Tony Rios: And this this gold kingpin was just messing around, and in Canada, which I use some a feature called topology optimization
Tony Rios: Which pretty much is optimizes the geometry of the this part. So, I will tell it where would it be constrained, and which word loads, where they have the bear and the computer would like solve this. I don't like is this program and they'll give me the
Tony Rios: The best geometry that could sustain that load.
Tony Rios: And I was kind of fun.
Tony Rios: And finally, for our geometry we wanted to include
Tony Rios: The role center and the center of gravity. So pretty much that's done by drawing lines from the, from the center of the wheel and we have to intercept.
Tony Rios: The control arms. So, for example, is for the right side and we draw this line all the way out, it would
Tony Rios: Create a point here and for the upper control arm we will draw another line. This is pretty much this point out here to my left, where my mouse is that's the instant center. So we draw the line.
Tony Rios: From that point to the center of this wheel.
Tony Rios: And we do the same thing for the other side, wherever those both these lines intersect. That's going to be a row center.
Tony Rios: And for our vehicle. It was about seven inches above the ground, which is okay. I really don't have anything to compare it to. But I guess it was the best that we could do.
Tony Rios: And yeah, that concludes my part I'm going to hand it over to them for the drive train stern
Tony Rios: Should I change T shirts partner.
Michael Thorburn: Is please try
Darren Chirino: Okay, very minor now.
Darren Chirino: It says I have to quit zoom to give
Darren Chirino: You have to quit zoom us will not be able to record the content to your screen until it's quit.
Darren Chirino: Because I have to give you permission.
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Perhaps Tony winner to flip the charts, while
Michael Thorburn: Well,
Darren Chirino: Yeah, just Tony could do
Darren Chirino: Yeah yeah okay so
Darren Chirino: Um, hi I'm Darren I'm going over the power train and pedal assisting and the whole steering mechanism. So basically this picture right here shows
Darren Chirino: The majority of what we had completed, thus far, like in real life constructing the vehicle. We made the whole frame which took a few weeks and oh wait, Tony. The
Tony Rios: Screen just kind of messing up I
Darren Chirino: Don't know.
Darren Chirino: So basically this is what we have completed so far, which was the the frame we mounted the motor. We put brackets to mount the motor on we
Michael Thorburn: I'm sorry, you've got that. That looks like you've got the either the chat room or the participants just close that
David Canizales: Yeah, minimize that.
Michael Thorburn: There is better at least it's tiny. Yeah.
Darren Chirino: So yeah, we basically mountain the motor. I made the rear sprocket I machine that
Darren Chirino: As you could see the, the black, the big black sprocket it's mounted to the hub. So I basically made a big aluminum clamp to clamp that to the hub, so we don't have to, you know, well then anything to the. We don't have to, we're not able to weld the sprocket to the
Darren Chirino: Rear wheel just because they're dissimilar metals. So we have to just basically make a rear hub adapter and also we could were able to true up
Darren Chirino: The rear that big rear sprocket so going to that Rubik's the big rear sprocket basically is driven by the motor and the sprocket on the other side. It's kind of hard to see. It's a lighter gray that when just came with the wheel. It's just from the mountain bike.
Darren Chirino: The donor bike that we had. So essentially we were, we have. We didn't get this far, but we were just kind of mount the the chain.
Darren Chirino: The chains mounted to the the big rear sprocket and on the other pocket that we can have a really long chain.
Darren Chirino: And welcome chain guides and stuff, all the way to the front to where you could pedal from and we were just going to use. We're just going to use the
Darren Chirino: Biggest gear, since we don't want to use the derailleur on the backend stuff. And that would have the that big gear would have the least amount of torque, but the
Darren Chirino: highest amount of top speed since the motor is just to kind of assist and pedaling is going to be once the pedaling is can be used for once the vehicle gets up to speed and
Darren Chirino: And you're, you're just
Darren Chirino: You're just helping maintain the inertia of the vehicle so that motor is a 1800 watts of electrical motor was given to us by their advisor, Dr Sharif, and it came with the controller and stuff. It was pretty nice. We got to working. We got the rear wheel spinning on its own.
Darren Chirino: What again this this motor with us to assist with, you know, hills, because it would be pretty hard to pedal this up a hill and also
Darren Chirino: Starting the vehicle from from a stop whenever you have to stop this would help you get the vehicle going and
Darren Chirino: You know your can be
Darren Chirino: really excellent.
Darren Chirino: So yeah, basically, that that's what our design was for the
Darren Chirino: For the rear. We couldn't make it driven by the we kind of make up front wheel drive by pedaling. Just because that would be a whole senior project of its own, we would have to have
Darren Chirino: CV axles and stuff because the front suspension articulate, as well as steers and we can't take that away because you know wouldn't really work. So moving on to the next slide.
Darren Chirino: There you go. Okay, so this is basically the front of the vehicle. So that whole pedal assembly was also taken from a donor bicycle. We were going to mount it just how that was
Darren Chirino: We attempted to but we kind of messed up. Can't get everything. The first try, but it does have a weird geometry to it. So basically we're kind of mount the seed in first, which we didn't really get to either and then mount this accordingly to wherever your legs lined up so
Darren Chirino: Again, the pedaling is just use for maintaining the momentum and inertia of the vehicle. And also, since you have a free wheel gear on the rear
Darren Chirino: On the rear hub. These pedals won't be spinning and hitting you whenever you stop pedaling and let off if you're just coasting to a stop, or if you get tired and just want the motor to, you know, do all the work for you.
Darren Chirino: Again we are, we tried to implement both of those together where you can pedal and give or where you could pedal and have the motor working at the same time to, you know, reach a faster speed but
Darren Chirino: However, if that rear hub is spinning, ever is spinning really fast and your ability to pedal you you will not
Darren Chirino: You won't be able to pedal. If you're not able to peddle the rear hub faster than its spinning. You won't be really contributing to any any work.
Darren Chirino: Any
Darren Chirino: Any work of moving the vehicle forward so
Darren Chirino: And yeah. Next slide.
Darren Chirino: And then as for the steering this. This is the very first picture I ever found of like a Go Kart.
Darren Chirino: Like a example just a go kart steering how they did it. This just looks like someone made this in the garage, but it's a really good design.
Darren Chirino: Because it's very simple, very cheap, those, those writings were like, I think, like, three or $4 each so we can make this cheap really cheap. However,
Darren Chirino: That's the ideal design. However, it, it sticks up and if we have the pedals there. And in my not work. So our design on the right is
Darren Chirino: What we came up with. We found another example to kind of go off of and Tony translated them into CAD, and instead of a steering wheel. We have that bar. It's kind of weird. In this picture, but it's that
Darren Chirino: Horizontal
Darren Chirino: gray bar there. It looks like a piece of the frame. But it's not. Yeah, right there, right there. And that was kind of
Darren Chirino: That was kind of help with the steering, we got we bought some three quarter inch aluminum. I was just going to cut it off and you know squared up in the late and use the Robbins and throw them in, but we didn't get that far but it all works in CAD so
Darren Chirino: So it's there.
Darren Chirino: And that's pretty much it. Next slide.
Darren Chirino: And now I'll be
Darren Chirino: Tried turning this over to West on take over the electrical components of this
Michael Thorburn: When you're muted.
Wejdan Alharbi: Yeah. Hi, everyone. Sorry, I was talking. I'm always down Harvey, I will talk about the solar panel like you see in the diagram. It shows
Wejdan Alharbi: The solar panel. It's will charge the control, then the battery. The control than the water. So the solar power glitter also knows that the charge to control assist battery charge also control the voltage direction of the current and prevent overcharging
Wejdan Alharbi: In addition, the
Wejdan Alharbi: Solar Panel load can be connected directly to the body.
Wejdan Alharbi: We're planning to put the solar printer and back of the car and and the roof and because what's happened now we're like situation, we couldn't order the solar panel for our vehicle.
Wejdan Alharbi: So next slide.
Wejdan Alharbi: And for the bay. We have lithium ion battery with 48 volts 2000 watts.
Wejdan Alharbi: Next,
Wejdan Alharbi: So we
Wejdan Alharbi: Have Tony this one.
Wejdan Alharbi: So,
Wejdan Alharbi: We think for Dr. Sherry, if I'm Professor black man like for everything. So if you have any question you can ask us
Michael Thorburn: Okay thanks everybody. I um it was a very interesting presentation I I saw that vehicle in the hallway.
Michael Thorburn: Well, several weeks back. Now I'm sorry to see that you weren't able to finish it.
Michael Thorburn: But it's a good project, the
Michael Thorburn: And I want to apologize to the audience. We were trying to work out how to do the transcription automatically
Michael Thorburn: That experiment didn't work very well. So fortunately, this team bore the brunt of that.
Michael Thorburn: But, but in the end, I think the presentation came across at this time, we have some time for questions.
Michael Thorburn: All you need to do is to unmute your microphone and then just ask the question.
Michael Thorburn: Who would like to go first.
Michael Thorburn: And then I'll go first. Um, if we could go back to the slide that showed the rear wheel assembly and the
Darren Chirino: One, I did.
Michael Thorburn: I went toward the yeah I think any one of them will be okay. Yeah, that's a good one. For example,
Michael Thorburn: Ticket. It looks like there's not a lot of clearance between the tire and the frame and the seat.
Michael Thorburn: How much clearances there.
Darren Chirino: It's very close to the frame. But it's all mounted up, like I said, and it spins freely and we turn on the motor. It's been it
Michael Thorburn: Does it change underweight or loading anything
Darren Chirino: The rear tire will squish a little bit but
Darren Chirino: Not much.
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Tony Rios: Yeah, I think it just question we were installing the wheel. But after was installed, there was about, like, I want to say half an inch in the front and the back of that wheel. So there was, I think there was plenty enough of clearance for that. Okay.
Tony Rios: It just, it was just the interference when when we were pushing the wheel down, it would hit this frame member here.
Tony Rios: But inside here. There's like an arc, and there's like there's room here, here and here.
Tony Rios: Don't like about half inch for
Darren Chirino: Yeah, so the widest part of the wheels between those two.
Tony Rios: Yeah, so it sticks on the top right here.
David Canizales: And we did consider using a smaller wheel. However, the doctor Sharif had this wheel available societies. This wheel, I believe it was a 24 inch
David Canizales: There are also a lot of 22 inch wheels for the for bikes that we could have used also. But since we had access to this one. I will decide to build the sprocket and everything around this model. And this is the model that we draw, but we did consider using
David Canizales: A smaller one. But again, didn't because this is what we're able to work with.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. Other questions.
Chris Bachman: So team. I really, I really
Chris Bachman: Give you a lot of credit for learning a lot these vehicles is a lot going on and you guys learned a lot. This this year. So, nice job on that and I you guys were full steam ahead all year. I could tell in the maker space. I was very impressed with that.
Chris Bachman: One one kind of question to have just thinking about if we continue this in the future. So you chose to do three wheels which is not necessarily the most stable setup. You could have picked
Chris Bachman: Do you have any idea what type of lateral accelerations. Like, how, how much can you how quickly can you turn in this thing before the thing rolls over
Chris Bachman: Especially with a lot of weight in the back with the solar panels and the person all over this rear wheel and unable to
Chris Bachman: Unable to transfer any weight in the rear at all. So I'd be curious what you what you think about that and maybe in the future. Would you think to maybe have two wheels in the back.
Darren Chirino: We didn't really consider how fast you could take a corner with it. It's not really a race car. But we tried to keep all the way in the middle and also more than more or less of 5050 with distribution, because that's more ideal, but
Darren Chirino: We considered the the role center of it song, one of the slides.
Chris Bachman: Yeah.
Chris Bachman: Totally could, we could talk a lot about role centers to
Darren Chirino: If you guys. Yeah.
Chris Bachman: But yeah, it's, it's not really a function of your it's not really a strong function of your role center, whether or not
Chris Bachman: You're going to roll over or not it has more to do with your attract with of your vehicle and the height of your CG but I mean I think you guys, there's this is the crazy kinematics problem million things going on. So I
Chris Bachman: commend you guys like you. For example, you didn't weren't sure where your role center should be right. I mean, I guess the question would be, do you want it to be higher. Do you want it to be lower.
Chris Bachman: Right. Are you anything about pushing it towards your CD or you think about pushing it towards the ground. What are the trade offs there. But that's a pretty complex. I mean, you can feel free to answer, but it's a pretty complicated kinematics question.
Tony Rios: Yeah, we were just there and concerns. I mean, after we spoke to Blake.
Tony Rios: He was the one who first slide told us all which a party include like have a row center in your vehicle 2% but I mean as far as like having the row center closer to the center of gravity that they were considering the most was that the roster wouldn't be below the ground.
Tony Rios: And that was pretty much the only consideration that we'd say
Darren Chirino: Yeah, we just didn't want to mess up like completely messed up.
Michael Thorburn: Yeah.
Tony Rios: And for the future, because you know how the rear. The rear wheel. It's like it's fixed right so maybe adding like a suspension and that wheel. I don't know if that would help, but I don't like as far as going four wheels. We didn't even consider that
Tony Rios: Maybe it's worth worth thinking about.
Darren Chirino: Or we could use, use a smaller wheel which would lower your center of gravity and that would be that'd be
Darren Chirino: Very beneficial because what
Darren Chirino: David say the other common weal sizes of 22 so we're using 26, I think. Yeah. So that would lower the vehicle.
Darren Chirino: Three inches or
Darren Chirino: Two inches.
Chris Bachman: Cool. Very cool. Thank you, Tim. Yeah. Really, really impressed with your work out here what I saw.
Darren Chirino: Yeah, just just fabricating. This was
Darren Chirino: Was a lot of yeah every angle on that frame is different. There's, you know, like 55.2 degree angle that we had to set up in the mill. It was just making the frame took forever.
Chris Bachman: Yeah.
Michael Thorburn: Are there other questions.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, well. If not, thank you team, let's, good job. I appreciate the presentation.
Michael Thorburn: I'm I apologize for the technical difficulties here.
Tony Rios: Thank you.
Darren Chirino: Okay. Thank you, Professor.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, up next.
Michael Thorburn: Is the by axial tension equipment team presentation will start
Michael Thorburn: At
Michael Thorburn: I guess it
Michael Thorburn: Could start it anytime. Actually, I guess we're running on a little bit
Michael Thorburn: Yeah, so whenever you're ready, then we can pick up
Yeah.
Michael Thorburn: Are you ready to go.
Zoheb Mateen: Yeah.
Darren Chirino: Give me one second.
Zoheb Mateen: All right. Hello, everybody.
Zoheb Mateen: My name is they'll have and we're going to be doing our presentation, which is the by actual tension equipment my team members are onyx Jacqueline and Eileen, as well as I, and our faculty and Leon's as doctors Matthews through
Zoheb Mateen: So far agenda. We're going to be breaking it up in parts and I'm going to be going over the project. Background The criterion timeline.
Zoheb Mateen: So, as highlighted right here. I'm going to be going over this and then afterwards, I'm going to be giving it to onyx
Zoheb Mateen: Okay, for a project background. What is a by actual tension test well the by actual tension test measures the mechanical properties in multiple directions.
Zoheb Mateen: And it provides data on stress strain relation by actually with respect to displacement. So, what is the importance of actual testing.
Zoheb Mateen: Biological soft tissue tend to have an isotopic behavior where each access has different mechanical properties. Therefore, making it a dynamic structure.
Zoheb Mateen: Understanding the dynamics. The dynamic structure of the soft tissue will help us understand use the date understand and use the data to better mimic the biological properties.
Zoheb Mateen: So on the right side, I'm going to be showing you what's the difference between uni actual and by actual
Zoheb Mateen: So the differences. Since the tissue are Anna and isotopic experiencing loads in different directions. You need actual testing fails to incorporate the multi actual characteristics of the tissue, since we were making a by actual test we can better understand the multaq solos.
Zoheb Mateen: Next slide.
Zoheb Mateen: Okay, for a project background, what is the actual tension equipment and machine by actual
Zoheb Mateen: Attention equipment is a machine that will measure the forces of a given object and to actual environment.
Zoheb Mateen: So through mechanic goal and electrical engineering. This will allow us to achieve a precise mechanical behavior and of the biological tissue under multi actual loadings and on the left you can see existing equipment in the market right now. So how the market stands
Zoheb Mateen: They have the by actual tension and they have four motors and stuff. This is what's existing in the industry and we're gonna do our own take on it.
Zoheb Mateen: So here's our criteria for a project, we have to test the mechanical behaviors of biological soft tissue precisely ability to we have to have the ability to stretch up to 10 centimeters on each access ability to pull at a speed less than one millimeter per second.
Zoheb Mateen: As well to read point one Newton up to 500 Newton's of force calculate Displacement, velocity perform tests under sailing solution and we have to store this in a research laboratory
Zoheb Mateen: So in our timeline. You can see what we have scheduled from January till April January and February went smoothly. According to schedule but in March, we had some discrepancies.
Zoheb Mateen: As the CAD design was approved unfortunately we received the parts to assemble the machine. The same week as the stay at home orders have arrived, since this happened, we were not able to machine, the parts.
Zoheb Mateen: Although we tested both load cells and cameras individually, we were not able to make test runs with the tissue all together. Therefore, we could not assemble the system as well.
Zoheb Mateen: And scheduled in April was to debug and the to debug the system in perform sample test and finally show in our presentation of the results.
Zoheb Mateen: So now I'm going to be handing it over to onyx and he's going to be talking about the system overview and the overall design with all the parts of the system on a
Onyx Ahmad: Thank you and good afternoon everyone. I'll be going over the overall design our overall design is one meter by one meter, which is a very convenient size to story in a laboratory
Onyx Ahmad: There's six major components in there for mechanical arms for linear rails for brushless DC motors with gearboxes and controllers for 3D printer grips and one as can camera.
Onyx Ahmad: We also have adjustable cameras and we have polycarbonate cell line top where the testing will take place.
Onyx Ahmad: Are all electronics will be attached on an aluminum optical blood breadboard platform and it will be very easy to assemble or disassemble all the electronics to the next slide we have our mechanical arm which is custom designed for linear rail platform. It holds load sale and great
Onyx Ahmad: One and will be screwed with the linear rail and the other end will go into the top and pull the sample while it's attached to that grip.
Onyx Ahmad: On to the next slide. It's very simple construction. The arm as six inch tall and almost a foot long
Onyx Ahmad: It's only one and a half pound weight and it's very easy to machine only metal cutting is involved into machining.
Onyx Ahmad: And our screws are kept in metric measurements, just to be consistent with our linear rail and the load load. So we keep our tool consistent because in case of future replacement or repair it to be very easy for a technician to have one set of screw.
Onyx Ahmad: On the other side we have selected element em six or six medals to design or arm because of its strength of the availability in the market. It's very lightweight and it's very popular in the machining.
Onyx Ahmad: We are very concerned about the displacement in the arm while it's while it experience a load from the sample, because it will affect the reading of our camera.
Onyx Ahmad: And the camera will be at a fixed position during the test. So if there is a significant displacement in any accesses will have errors in our, in our data.
Onyx Ahmad: So we run a simulation on ARM applying the maximum force we can achieve which is 100 pound, which is close to 4045 Newton.
Onyx Ahmad: And the maximum displacement that might occur isn't Y axis which is on six millimeter and if and only if we get the maximum load on it so we can always expect
Onyx Ahmad: A lower lower or a lower displacement or any any accesses the value is very considerable and the effect will be negligible. So we have we have approved the arm design for for equipment.
Onyx Ahmad: To the next slide. This is a 3D printed grip and it will be attached with the load. So, we have adopted existing designs for the grip and this group is also used in
Onyx Ahmad: Any actual test, which is very common in the industry that dimension are not specified because it can vary with respect to the size of the sample.
Onyx Ahmad: We were unable to test the performance of the grip due to the pandemic and also any kind of design modification can are necessary. According to the sample week we get
Onyx Ahmad: To the next slide we have, I'll go over the linear motion system.
Onyx Ahmad: The linear rail. So linear rail is one of the major components we have linear real converts rotational motion from motor to linear displacement
Onyx Ahmad: We needed a linear rail with a struggle and 100 millimeter which can carry up to 500 a needle lower low friction guidance was one of our priority when selecting the linear rail system.
Onyx Ahmad: To the next slide.
Onyx Ahmad: This is our tread study, like how we have selected all of our components, especially the major components we have and we have selected Thompson linear and 50 series among many alternatives, we have in the market.
Onyx Ahmad: If you look at the comparison, the red box represents that it doesn't meet our minimum requirement that yellow boxes represents that it satisfies our minimum requirement and the green shaded boxes are
Onyx Ahmad: They represent that they're higher than our minimum expectations. So we have chosen Thompson and 50 based on its capacity to carry load it's higher repeatability the mounting option and the lifetime, obviously.
Onyx Ahmad: To the next slide we have the motors and we needed a motor which is compatible with a linear rail system which generates enough power to support our experiment and which is easy to control and programmable using Arduino and similarly
Onyx Ahmad: We have selected Anaheim's brushless DC motor based on its power torque efficiency edits lead time
Onyx Ahmad: Big sense and I'm automation is a local distributors, so they can always help us the instantly and locally. Whenever we need a repair or any kind of replacement to the next slide. It's our
Onyx Ahmad: Same comparison, as we have done in our, in our for linear real system and we have chosen the browser DC motor based on its power torque and and the lifetime.
Onyx Ahmad: We have chosen brushless DC motor over stepper motor because it generates higher torque at lower speed. It has a longer life lifetime. It has better positioning and the Ultra runner configuration has better ventilation and eliminates noise and vibration
Onyx Ahmad: To the next slide, I'm after testing our motor we achieved our desserts speed and power, but it was running at its higher capacity so
Onyx Ahmad: We have decided to include a gearbox into our system. The gearbox was not initially included, but regardless of its size, weight, and cost.
Onyx Ahmad: We decided to have a gearbox into a system, the gear. The integration of gearbox will provide accurate RPM and power.
Onyx Ahmad: According to our calculation any gear ratio between 64 to one A t shirt serve our purpose selecting and validating of the gearbox is necessary, in future, because we have just run our simple calculation. But we're not able to pick the exact gear ratio and try to test it with our system.
Onyx Ahmad: To the next slide. This is the overall view of our linear motion. Assembly so
Onyx Ahmad: Our motor will be mounted the gearbox, and it will it will be managing the linear real system. And if you look at the top there is a platform.
Onyx Ahmad: For arm or arm will be screwed with it and our loads will be attached to the other end of the arm using a screw, a doctor and the grip will be at odds with the load sell in the same manner. Now I'll hand over to my teammate Eileen is electric engineer to describe the wiring diagram.
Alleine: Hello, Ron, I might have only
Alleine: So, before any Assembly should take place. We need to be able to connect our motor to this speed control to be able to control it using different approaches. So did I.
Alleine: Make the connections between the motor and the speed controller which is a easy process since they're both from Anaheim automation company.
Alleine: We did have to buy a separate power supply for the speed quicker because it needs a about 10 to 12 volts to run the instructions are below for the connections for this power supply as well.
Alleine: So on this slide designers below show the voltage very verification using a digital multimedia that are speak controller is being supplied a sufficient amount of voltage which is about 11 point 56 volts.
Alleine: So on this slide, we have our motor connection. So on the left column shows the detailed instructions on manual, meaning that the connections are made only between the motors P controller and the power supply.
Alleine: It is important that it isn't internal mode and the detailed instructions are on the are below on the left column.
Alleine: This that was necessary to do because we need to verify that the motor runs and functions. Before we can connect it with a microcontroller.
Alleine: So now on the right column. Sorry. Go back. Yeah. So in the right column shows that the detailed inch instruction on internal mode when connected to an Arduino. So the table below are the connections between Arduino and the speed control that did switch setting are also included
Alleine: So at this slide we have the motor control using simulation. So we used to simulate initially for speed command, because we wanted to
Alleine: See a real time response when the speed is very but ideally our advisor actually needed to control our whole system is the only one software in Latvia, which I will show any future slide.
Alleine: So that I will be talking about hotels.
Alleine: So as mentioned earlier, there will be for load cells installed to each grip on the leaner rail system, the selected load cell fulfills the requirement of maximum load of 100 pounds, which is about 445 neutron
Alleine: The load cell has a rating of IP 68 which means that it is waterproof and can be said merge for up to one meter for about 30 minutes
Alleine: The table below shows the load self selection process. The important crew criteria that led to the selection process was the accuracy size and the increased Ingress protection rating.
Alleine: As you all can see the frantic little wins wins over your mega local to to it's IP 68 rating and the smaller inside which is actually important. Due to the limited space of our whole system.
Alleine: So on this slide. What you see here is a basic level model trial, just to test and verify that field. So given to us is functioning the graph was obtained by varying the force applied to the load. So, using my hands and by connecting it through the deck system.
Alleine: Okay. So as I mentioned earlier, this. This diagram shows our whole system in a in a lab you file the picture below is the system control panel in love you.
Alleine: I didn't include the live you BlackBerry respire basically be used the links function to connect Arduino into live you and by using the diagnosis.
Alleine: Did that assist function block as well to put the law, the law itself. So for this overview of the system for lab you
Alleine: We wanted to be able to control our whole system just by using one, that means we can collect data for force the speed of the motor, as well as we can also get images for our for our displacement, which will not be talked about by Carolyn.
Michael Thorburn: Rolling
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Okay. Good afternoon, everybody. My name is Jacqueline, I'm going to be going over the image analysis and everything that had to do with our camera module also be going over the up to date costs. Our conclusion and also whatever future progress that we have to make
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: To start off, I'll be going over the camera that we decided to choose. So because of the fact that the skin is the muscle is very
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: small in size. We have to choose a very precise camera so we decided to choose.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: This camera because of the resolution, the resolution is extremely high, which makes it so we can see it very accurate depiction of every single sample we test.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Also the frame rate is 203 frames per second. This ensures that there is a smooth transition between frame the frame as we are conducting each test.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Also for the primary working distance of this camera. It's about 165 millimeters, which is about 6.5 inches.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: We decided to choose this because it allows us to have a more compact design, rather than having something that requires a camera from being a further distance we use this in order to make sure that our system still is able to be stored within a lab setting.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: This is just a quick overview of the image analysis that can be done with the camera. If you can see on the bottom left corner. That is a sample specimen that we use to test our camera because we weren't able to get actual
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: human tissue to use for testing what we went ahead and did is we use on a piece of paper that has four dots on it and we would please stay in front of the camera, and we would
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Further to distance away from the camera in order to simulate some sort of displacement. And if you could see on the lab view program that I created.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Basically, what it does is it gathers the images through tests, it converts it into a black and white image in order to be able to test a point to detect the points of interest. A lot easier. And then from there it on
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: It a projects a displacement graph that does it through real time and it's also already calibrated in order to be with virtual axis virtual X and Y axis and real time.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: And just to go over the project expenses that we made up to date. We spent a good amount of money for this.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Equipment, but it is a lot cheaper than what is already out. So for the sensor system. We spent around 4000 the linear motion system around 2000
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: The entire image analysis was around 900 assembly which includes about the 3D printers that we use in order to
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Potentially make the grip designs was around 400 the power supply was about 80. So in the end, we spent roughly about $8,500 and of course you want to give credit to Kelsey LA. And of course, Dr. Bree you for providing everything to make this equipment.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: In conclusion, we were able to get semi control of the linear rail and also the motor through simulate also the functionality of the load cell.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: And we were also able to test our image analysis. Unfortunately, due to the unforeseen events of coven we weren't able to entirely put the
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: System together physically, we were able to really everything but unfortunately we weren't able to put everything together at then so for future
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Things that need to be done by the next following theme, would be to design a proper grip design for our
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Equipment and also properly integrate the four sensors and make sure that they do work hand in hand with all the components of our system.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Also, we still need to machine, the arm completely together. We weren't which we weren't able to do, and also to do the full assembly of the system and also to get the gearbox to work properly with linear rail and also the motor and we also need to be able to test
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Actual samples of biological tissue which we weren't able to do and also after we are the next team is able to conduct all of those future progresses on live you needs to be integrated hand in hand with both the
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Motor load cell and also the image analysis. We wanted to be able to make it so everything is run through one lab view program in order to get every single data into just one file.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: That way we don't need to extract in multiple different ways it could just go on to one file and all analysis will be done at real time.
Onyx Ahmad: I'd like to acknowledge Dr. Matthews review for the overall support for sponsoring our project to be with us for every kind of question and problems we face.
Onyx Ahmad: And for allocating space in the school to work together as a team. I'd like to thank Dr. Michael torbert and Dr Bachman for
Onyx Ahmad: For hosting the cast on senior design. I also like to acknowledge Micah, who is a mechanical engineering student and she shared the crib design that she had. And thank you very much everyone for being to be present presentation and if you have any question we'd love to answer. Thank you.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. Team. I'm very interesting presentation. We have plenty of time for some questions.
Michael Thorburn: Who would like to first
Michael Thorburn: Need to unmute your microphones.
Sangbum S. Choi: Can I
Sangbum S. Choi: Ask a question first.
Sangbum S. Choi: This is a testing.
Sangbum S. Choi: Is sometimes I'm sure but you have any like a safety, excuse me, safety features like emergency shut up buttons or some kind of limiting switch for the traveling all those safety because of testing equipment always require some kind of safety features have your plans for those features.
Onyx Ahmad: Yes, I know our linear rail system comes with limits switch on itself with the model, man. It's so that one we have in our mind. And we literally have it into consideration as well.
Onyx Ahmad: For the motors, we have individual motor controllers and we have individual power supply and that will, you know, avoid any kind of like power outage or overpowering the mortar.
Chris Bachman: Team.
Chris Bachman: So do you
Chris Bachman: You might have said this, I just missed it. Do you plan to test human human tissue in this or is it mostly going to be tissue that mimics
Chris Bachman: Mimics human tissue and if it is human tissue. Was there some consideration for kind of cleaning, cleaning it and, you know, how well would the, how would the materials be compatible with typical clean human tissue.
Onyx Ahmad: So we consider we can test any kind of biological tissue and it's not necessarily human tissue, but we're human tissue is one of our
Onyx Ahmad: Consideration as well as our desired sample. And since we're doing the testing totally under like in a sub more situation in silence solution. And so that's why you know it's the overall design like
Onyx Ahmad: Gives you the opportunity to test any kind of biological life tissue or soft tissue under selling solutions, the cleaning, I guess.
Onyx Ahmad: Comes in a preservative as well when you get the sample if it comes in a preservative. We didn't sell any solution will just take it off and put it back to the same condition during testing as well. Hope that answers your question.
Chris Bachman: That you see, you know, but I assume after you're done the test, you probably got a spray this thing down bleach and quite both
Chris Bachman: Yeah, that data is that not something you really have to do is that, yeah.
Onyx Ahmad: We will destroy the tissue because we will push pull the tissue at at at its limit to lay know deter mind what's, what's the maximum strength on the tissue. And at which point it tears so that we're not going to reuse the tissue after the testing.
Chris Bachman: Okay. Sounds good. Yeah. Good work team. A lot of a lot of good design worked in there.
Chris Bachman: I'll be cool to see the machine machine at work here. Hopefully soon.
Onyx Ahmad: Thank you.
Michael Thorburn: Any other questions.
Onyx Ahmad: Just to add, Dr. Thurman, I guess I didn't answer Dr Bachman properly. So if you mean that if if
Onyx Ahmad: Like cleaning the whole equipment is a concern, then yes, it's very easy to like take off the arms. You just have to unscrew it and the whole cell and it's it's made of polycarbonate. So you can always take it off, clean it and put it back.
Chris Bachman: Right, very cool. I found the TSA. You can use like alcohol to so it's not as
Onyx Ahmad: Yeah.
Chris Bachman: He coming out of a very famous other stuff that you might need.
Onyx Ahmad: Right, it's just simple cleaning or just have like selling water on it, you can always take it off and clean it with basic water and just selling solution and keep it dry and put it back.
Chris Bachman: Very cool. I used to do some research on implants and we'd have surgeons come and actually do different implants and
Chris Bachman: I remember our stuff after a while, I just got all rusty and things would stop moving. Right. And it was a total was a total hassle that I had never I had never thought about at the time but ended up end up being something I wish I had more when I when we made some of our pictures.
Yeah.
Onyx Ahmad: Yeah, and also polycarbonate it's compatible with like all of like most of the regular alcohol. Cleaning, cleaning liquids that are available in the market like you use for basically anything in the laboratory. So it'll work the cleaning is very, very easy on this, on this equipment.
Chris Bachman: Or cool. Very cool.
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Any other questions.
Sangbum S. Choi: And one another question. I think it's for
Sangbum S. Choi: Image Processing about measuring the string values is that with 10 that you guys are developed or just simply using the Mojo that is built in for the camera from the camera.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: So basically, what I did is I developed a lab view program that can track the image and then through there, we can export a graph that visually represents the displacement that's made by every single point of interest.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: We were supposed to further, further develop that in order to measure and also velocity and strain and also
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Angular distortion, but unfortunately because of the coven I wasn't able to have extensions needed for lab you in order to develop them develop that program. So I was only able to get as far as tracking the displacement in real time.
Sangbum S. Choi: What is a preseason up that you're, you know, camera for soco image processing capability.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Sorry, what was that
Sangbum S. Choi: The precision.
Sangbum S. Choi: About imagine the string, string values right
Sangbum S. Choi: Yes, or
Sangbum S. Choi: Precise out what is the lack of point 001 train or what's the 1000 screen.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: I did not get that far into it. Um, I was only I was gonna go ahead and edit the program for that as well.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: After being able to test it with the actual program, but the resolution of the image should be able to track everything to a very precise.
Jerilyn Carol Hinahon: Measurement but unfortunately we weren't able to conduct everything all the way in order to fully develop the lab view. So I'm not quite sure about the precision of the camera itself with real time samples.
Onyx Ahmad: But the manufacturer day dimension that the precision of the camera. It's one 10th of a millimeter
Onyx Ahmad: So this is the accuracy of the camera and it's actually in the property when you purchase that camera from the manufacturer. Yeah, the data has been provided from the manufacturer. So, but we are not able to like see it in person.
Sangbum S. Choi: Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, other questions.
Tony Rios: I saw that you guys were supposed to use a gearbox.
Tony Rios: I was wondering if you could go to your assembly.
Tony Rios: Where would it be the the gearbox where number two is that
Tony Rios: Yes. Okay, so be like a planetary gear gearbox.
Onyx Ahmad: Yeah, it's a big gearbox as it's made for exactly we can get the gearbox, according to the size of our motor shaft and it's easy to mount. We just have to add it with our whole system to, like, you know, have the motor with its desired power.
Tony Rios: Very nice.
Onyx Ahmad: Thank you.
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Okay then. Well, um, thank you team. It's very interesting presentation.
Onyx Ahmad: Thank you very much. Thank you all for being here with us. Okay.
Michael Thorburn: We've got about five minutes before the next presentation that will be Southern California Edison hoping conductor fault.
Michael Thorburn: Team. So that will start at 320
Michael Thorburn: So standby for for five minutes while they queue up
Michael Thorburn: With somebody on that team wants to grab
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Thank you, everybody.
Michael Thorburn: I think we're ready to go. Can Steve confirm that here's everybody
Michael Thorburn: Yeah, okay.
Michael Thorburn: Okay. The thank you this. Welcome to Expo 2020 our first online.
Michael Thorburn: First day of the second week we have a full plate of presentations. Each day from noon until 6pm
Michael Thorburn: The next presentation in this session is the Southern California Edison open conductor fault team.
Michael Thorburn: When we remind everybody that we have a
Michael Thorburn: Wall tricks survey where you can fill out.
Michael Thorburn: Over and give some comments about
Michael Thorburn: Provide back to the students and back to the department so that we can all improve. I encourage you to fill that out. You've got the link in your invitation. I will also post the link
Michael Thorburn: To that survey in the chat room.
Michael Thorburn: If there are no questions, then I think it's, it's time for the team to start. So without further delay.
Michael Thorburn: This is the open conductor protection on distributed lines team sponsored by Southern California Edison.
Michael Thorburn: Go ahead blur, take it away.
Blair Vidana: Thank you Mike. So good afternoon, everyone. My name is blurry Diane like as Mike said we are the open conductor detection group our sponsors for our project was Southern California Edison or se liaisons or you can also Sanchez Sean Wang and Robert Lloyd and our faculty advisors, Dr. Dorian.
Blair Vidana: So for today's presentation, I'll be introducing the team. I will also be covering the scope of work background and society impacts that our project has
Blair Vidana: On the public after myself Steven will talk about our projects technical requirements or group scheduling.
Blair Vidana: After him Nancy would follow by presenting our final model and the process we took to get there. Kendrick will discuss our results and simulations. Matthew will present our detection logic scheme. And lastly, Jonathan will conclude our project findings.
Blair Vidana: So as I said before, I'm blabbing Anya, and I'm the project lead for the spring semester of our projects are
Blair Vidana: Our group was broken down into two sub teams. Our first team as a simulation team with Nancy mart is as team leaders.
Blair Vidana: And team members country Glenn Stephen Chang and Jonathan Estrella our second to second team is our protection really logic team with Matthew Guzman as a team lead and along with being the team lead for the whole team. I was also part of the relay team.
Blair Vidana: So for our scope of work.
Blair Vidana: Our main goal was for for this project was to design a really detection algorithm capable of the tech team and the energizing and open conductor before it hits the ground.
Blair Vidana: But in order for us to do this, the simulation team. First, how to use the software piece scan to design a distribution model to simulate an open conductor at different locations within the model.
Blair Vidana: And once the simulations were completed and data was extracted from the simulations, the relay team, how to analyze that data to be able to come up with
Blair Vidana: threshold values for relay studies and along with coming up with our threshold values or relay team was also in charge of designing the Boolean logic for the detection algorithm.
Blair Vidana: And within the scope of work. It was also required for us to submit our final detection algorithm. So our SoC s see liaison so they can test. And so they could test or chip equation and providers feedback so we can refine and make our algorithm work better.
Blair Vidana: So to give you a better understanding of what our project is and where exactly is taking place within the power system. I want to provide you all with some background. The first thing is
Blair Vidana: Just
Blair Vidana: defining what an open conductor is an open conducted condition occurs whenever a power line disconnects from the power system.
Blair Vidana: But doesn't make any contact with any other surfaces. I know like a scene and figure one for this figure, they'll conduct is actually touching the ground but just to kind of show you that there's two remaining healthy phases, but one detaches articles to be able to try and
Blair Vidana: Do, first of all,
Blair Vidana: What's the word I'm looking for. I'm sorry here to be able to detect it. And then the energize it before it hits the ground.
Blair Vidana: And the second thing I want to explain to you is kind of describing the main components within the power system.
Blair Vidana: It could be summarized into five key components. Just be aware that there's other ones throughout the way, but for the most part is just important for me to identify these here.
Blair Vidana: So starting at the start of the power system is the generation. This is where, for the most part, mechanical energy is converted into electrical
Blair Vidana: Once has been generated the voltage goes through a step up transformer and it's carried out by the transmission lines from the transmission lines, the power goes to the substations
Blair Vidana: And then it gets stepped down from the substations of power is the we directed to distribution lines and from the distribution lines and it's delivered to the customers.
Blair Vidana: The customers can be broken down into two main categories, which is either commercial or red or residential for our project, our focus is being able to detect an open conductor within the residential customers section of the power system as a yellow arrow is showing and figure to
Blair Vidana: Now,
Blair Vidana: Been able to detect in the energized and open conductor is a challenge that many utility companies around the world are still attempting to overcome.
Blair Vidana: And the reason why is it so important is because distribution power lines can be located within populated areas that exposes them to an environment where they can easily be diamonds
Blair Vidana: Open conductors conditions can occur do two vehicles crashing into power poles.
Blair Vidana: Objects such as tree branches here in the conductor's or harsh weather conditions that may cause the power lines to the tide, such as high winds
Blair Vidana: Or even like lightning strike coming in contact with the actual power line when conductors are damaged they pose a serious threat to the public.
Blair Vidana: They can cause hazardous electrical Arkema may come into physical contact with people or any surrounding buildings and I'm as many of you may know that here in California.
Blair Vidana: Some of these some of these distribution lines could be located within dry landscapes, especially during the summer. So if an open conductor.
Blair Vidana: situation occurs and it comes in contact with that dry landscape, it could cause a serious fire and post a serious threat to the public.
Blair Vidana: So it's not only important you know because it's a safety hazard for for the public, but any damages caused by these wildfires. The utility companies have to be able to
Blair Vidana: Kind of, you know, pay the price. So, and sometimes that just it's hundreds of millions of dollars in damages that could lead a company to kind of just
Blair Vidana: go bankrupt.
Blair Vidana: And with this said I'm going to pass my presentation on to Steven
Steven Cheung: Thanks for my name is Stephen tongue. We talked about the politic technical requirement and scheduling. Next slide please.
Steven Cheung: In order to complete this project Southern California at the sample. Why a set of technical requirement based on their current power distribution system.
Steven Cheung: Single, single open contractor happen on one of the three phase distribution lie at the residential location system voltage said that point 4.9 year old and current range between 15 to 17 zero am
Steven Cheung: Our design it up respond within half a second, which means 30 cycle of we form of society. Next slide please.
Steven Cheung: Start on fourth semester 2019 we mainly focus on research, such as relay face shipping power distribution theory we attend as Southern California trainings you practice piece cap software and also we did very early stage of built in logic designs. Next slide please.
Steven Cheung: On face to
Steven Cheung: Face got him opting the I triple 834 past distribution model we stimulate an open contractor in five different locations with requirement as relating request, then we let him fine tune the logic. I will
Steven Cheung: Create a trip equation and submit to Southern California Edison. Next slide please.
Steven Cheung: In this project we learn the background knowledge about the power system operation and protection from Southern California Edison, we get familiar with software such as piece cap associated quick set
Steven Cheung: And as El central wave
Steven Cheung: Also we learned a way to implement the logic algorithm into the SGR relay
Steven Cheung: For more detail information, our team may will talk on this project. Now, next we'll pass on to Nancy
Nancy Mardis: Thank you, Stephen. Good afternoon. My name is Nancy Marta's I am the peace care team lead and I will be discussing the final simulation model we use for this project and the journey we took to arrive at the decision to use this model next like
Nancy Mardis: To get to our final model, we just went through a bit of a process.
Nancy Mardis: We began with this initial district designed for our standard distribution model based on the technical requirements established by Southern California Edison.
Nancy Mardis: Which if you will recall required for the open conductor condition to occur in a residential portion of the electric power system.
Nancy Mardis: Our model was designed to include zones of protection shown in the bed boxes and they were meant to isolate the affected part of the system to ensure delivery of power to other parts of the system.
Nancy Mardis: After we had an initial design that we wanted to build. We got to work creating a model simulation using
Nancy Mardis: simulation software and collecting relevant data next likely
Nancy Mardis: Power Systems computer aided design, also known as peace. God is a simulation software used to facilitate the study of electric power systems by enabling users to construct a circuit and run a simulation of it.
Nancy Mardis: For this portion of the project, we needed to learn the ins and outs of the software in order to be able to construct our standard distribution model and extract data.
Nancy Mardis: To our study, we learned that piece cat comes with pre loaded examples of various power system models which can be used as a starting point to build projects with user specific needs.
Nancy Mardis: We decided to try to use one of these models and modify it to conform to our project needs.
Nancy Mardis: This figure shows a to BuzzFeed system with feeder and we decided to use it because we felt it closely resembles our initial idea for a standard distribution model.
Nancy Mardis: However, as we look deeper into the construction of the model we found
Nancy Mardis: I guess the major flaw.
Nancy Mardis: The model is only the model will only extract fault data conditions such or
Nancy Mardis: Data for fault conditions such as landline in line to ground bolts. We learned that piece guy doesn't actually have a component representation
Nancy Mardis: For an open conductor condition, we decided to go back to our original idea or our original plan of constructing our initial idea first under distribution model and peace, Dad.
Nancy Mardis: Next slide please.
Nancy Mardis: The figure shows the model that we were able to construct because peace. God does not have a component for an open to Dr. We decided to
Nancy Mardis: Design it open conductor condition by placing a circuit breaker represented by the green box on the line that would open during the simulation event and provide us with open conductor data.
Nancy Mardis: despite our best efforts, we came to the conclusion that our design was not complex enough to accurately represent a medium voltage distribution system or circuit was comprised entirely of ideal components and could not mimic real working distribution system.
Nancy Mardis: Because we needed to collect meaningful data. Our liaisons at Edison.
Nancy Mardis: Decided to provide us with a distribution model. Next slide.
Nancy Mardis: This is the I triple 834 bus test feeder model. And there's a real system being modeled in peace, Gad, the actual theater is a three phase radio distribution system located in Arizona.
Nancy Mardis: The 34 bus model is a 6060 Hertz 24.9 cobalt 12 megabytes ampere system with various fix loads and unbalanced loads connected to a main distribution substation
Nancy Mardis: This system includes detailed information online and cadences transformer connection and appearances and load data due to limitations of the student version of peace. Get that we were using. We had to eliminate the regulators, which are highlighted in red.
Nancy Mardis: In the figure.
Nancy Mardis: Since regulators were responsible for updating the output voltage of the systems transformers their elimination have little impact on the study
Nancy Mardis: In order to gather meaningful data we extracted open conductor data from five different locations throughout the system. For more information on this I will pass it on to Kendrick
Kendrick Lin: Thank you, Nancy. Hi, my name is Kendrick Lynn and I'll be going over the simulation and results we acquired from PS CAD. Next slide.
Kendrick Lin: The following table shows the locations. The team decided to conduct our simulation. The location is specified as a no to no connection within the 34 plus model.
Kendrick Lin: The figure on the bottom with red x's show the locations that we perform the simulations note for the rest of my presentation will be focusing only on simulation. Number three, for the sake of repetition as results of the other locations show similar characteristics. Next slide.
Kendrick Lin: I've just sent a link with the 34 bus model and getting confirmation from our liaisons as was Dr. In a bed.
Kendrick Lin: We began focusing on our simulations for us perform the simulation, we have to come up with a solution to create an open conductor.
Kendrick Lin: But, as Nancy stated PS cat does not have this feature implemented into the software to remind you, Nancy mentioned the solution, the PS cat team came up with is to use a circuit breaker labeled as a green square shown in Figure one
Kendrick Lin: This was our first step our justification for this solution is that open conductor essentially is an open circuit where current flow is discontinued.
Kendrick Lin: The fundamental of the circuit breaker is a switch that opens and closes to disrupt or or complete a circuit and allowing current flow.
Kendrick Lin: A circuit breaker will act as our open conductor that we can control and program the duration of the event per hour technical requirement response window.
Kendrick Lin: After coming up with a solution and locating all the locations need it. We began implementing the conductor and collecting data.
Kendrick Lin: Figure two is a typical location with low components connected in between each node figured three shows an example of how we connected to open Dr into each location.
Kendrick Lin: Next slide.
Kendrick Lin: Here are the results we gathered the results we gather consisted of phase voltage and face current let me remind you again that these results only portrays simulation. Number three, plus 834
Kendrick Lin: Through 858 since this is a this is a three phase model, we need to the media to extract data per face to having a well rounded and complete database each phase is color coded per PS cats default setting blue being phase A green for Phase B and read for facie
Kendrick Lin: After analyzing these graphs. We can visually see that when Oprah conductor occurs there is an obvious effect to the remainder two phases.
Kendrick Lin: The other two phases began to fuck fluctuate abnormally for a moment to compensate and balanced the load along the two remainder face.
Kendrick Lin: Not only is there a change in load being distributed to the two phases. There is also a phase shift, meaning
Kendrick Lin: The waveforms of each phase will shift horizontally or on the x axis which is the time domain labeled in seconds.
Kendrick Lin: After collecting this data, we can give numerical values to the relay team so they can come up with nominal values to program the protection relay next Matthew explain how the relay team was able to perform this part of the project.
Matthew Guzman: Thank you. Kendrick hello everyone I'm Matthew newsman protection really logic team lead and I'll be walking you all through the teams that touching logic design process and final results. Next slide.
Matthew Guzman: So the relay team and I were tasked with designing the really detection logic responsible for detecting and open conductor and D energizing the line using the simulation results. The peace care team have produced
Matthew Guzman: To that end, there are a few key considerations, the team and I had to keep in mind throughout the design process of detection logic.
Matthew Guzman: Firstly, the response time of detection logic cannot exceed our detection time window, the greatest contributor to this restriction or the delay timers. We used
Matthew Guzman: Secondly, we had to keep the total number of input parameters as low as possible. This restriction was imposed mostly to ensure the texture logic was not so complex that it was unstable and unreliable.
Matthew Guzman: Lastly, we had to use parameters with the greatest chance or probability of successfully detecting and open conductor these parameters will be selecting by analyzing the simulation data and identifying which behavior was most consistent through our simulations. Next slide please.
Matthew Guzman: And here's what the team I were able to produce our detection logic has a total of five parameters.
Matthew Guzman: In the early stages were to touch on logic design. We are considered seven total parameters. But once we started analyzing the simulation data and results provided by the PS get team.
Matthew Guzman: We were able to reduce the total number of parameters to these five, zero, negative and positive sequence voltage components phase current and phase voltage
Matthew Guzman: Our design also includes delay timers for an added layer of reliability and really logical grouping for added flexibility of the two groups of logic parameters.
Matthew Guzman: The parameters you see marked with an asterix are not currently feasible, but modern protection relays.
Matthew Guzman: But they aren't tag roll tour detection like design and we believe in the future. These parameters will be implementable those we have decided to include them. So let's first jump into the detection parameters and how they were selected. Next slide please.
Matthew Guzman: The graph here shows the three voltage sequence components of our distribution system model before and after an open conductive that occurs at roughly one second of simulation runtime.
Matthew Guzman: We analyze the simulation results, half a second before and after the op conductor event because this represents our detection window of 36 system cycles, which is equal to have a second this is represented by the orange and magenta vertical lines you see in the graph.
Matthew Guzman: Half a second before the open conductor event, the system zero and negative sequence of voltage make tools are nearly zero and the positive sequence voltage magnitude is about 0.83 per unit
Matthew Guzman: This represents a nominal vows. We want to see for a health system for our model.
Matthew Guzman: At the one second mark when the conductor has occurred. We can see an almost immediate change in the magnitude of all three sequence components.
Matthew Guzman: Where the zero and negative sequence voltage magnitudes increased significantly and the positive sequence voltage make to decrease significantly as well.
Matthew Guzman: This behavior was observed consistently throughout our simulations and thus we decided to use them as part of the detection parameters and positive sequence on the voltage 27 and zero sequence over voltage 59 and negative sequence over voltage
Matthew Guzman: Next slide please.
Matthew Guzman: Similarly to the approach we took with the sequence component parameters we decided upon using both changes in phase voltage and face current and I'll find detection logic design.
Matthew Guzman: Here we have both grass for the systems phase voltage and face current before and after the OB conductor occurs that one second.
Matthew Guzman: Throughout our simulations we observed that the amplitude of the phase voltage of the open phase consistently drop in addition to the face current of the open phase dropping to zero.
Matthew Guzman: We also have changes in the amplitude over to healthy phases current but the behavior of this change whether the amplitude increase or decrease was not consistent and therefore, we did not include the parameter in which the other two phases are considered for open conducted detection.
Matthew Guzman: That's the only included the phase voltage and face current for the open phase via phase on the voltage to a seven p and phase on the current 37 PM. Next slide please.
Matthew Guzman: As I briefly mentioned when going over the texture logic diagram delay timers were used as added measures for reliability.
Matthew Guzman: There are two types of delay timers, we use in our logic design pick up delay timers represented by the top left number on the figure shown here.
Matthew Guzman: And drop out delay timers represented by the bottom right number the pic of delays primary function is to wait the same amount of time before picking up any change in the logical signal entering its input.
Matthew Guzman: This acts as a kind of buffer and helps eliminate potential false positives that may have been triggered by temporary disturbances to the distribution system.
Matthew Guzman: For our application we selected 15 cycles for the dropout delay because most of the open conductor signatures, we observed during our simulation lasted longer than the 15 cycles.
Matthew Guzman: The dropout delay. On the other hand, will continue to transmit the logical signal that it received for the amount of time selected.
Matthew Guzman: This is used to ensure that the slower acting circuit breakers have the appropriate amount of time to fully switch open before the trip signal is dropped completely
Matthew Guzman: Most modern circuit breaker switch open within one to two cycles, but some of the oldest circuit breakers still in use today have circuit breaker times of upward to four cycles, which is why we chose to set it to the drop on the dub a delay to five cycles.
Matthew Guzman: Are total delay time for the detection logic is 20 cycles, which falls within a 30 cycle detection window limit and least 10 cycles of breathing room for feature adjustments on refining it
Matthew Guzman: Next slide please.
Matthew Guzman: And lastly, the final component or detection allows us design really logic groups.
Matthew Guzman: Really large groups are simply groups of parameters and illogical circuits grouped into one singular representative equation for swatch Engineering Laboratory release really large groups are represented by SV
Matthew Guzman: Really large groups are used for mostly three reasons. They help organize special groups of parameters. They help clean up trip equations and they help expand the usage of group parameters for other really functions.
Matthew Guzman: For our detection logic. For example, the trip equation denoted by TR would be written as shown here by equation one.
Matthew Guzman: If we group. The sequence of voltage parameters, the terms of the first set of brackets and the phase voltage and current parameters and the second set of brackets as s v1 and v2, respectively. Then attribute question is much shorter and simpler I showed an equation to
Matthew Guzman: This allows these group parameters to be used for other functions in addition to circuit breaking tripping without the need to re enter the parameters individually for each additional function.
Matthew Guzman: Instead, we can simply enter SV one into an alarm setting or assign it to a front panel led instead of entering these three terms every single time.
Matthew Guzman: And now I would like you all to welcome Jonathan shraddha
Jonathan Estrada: Thank you, Matthew. Hello, my name is Jonathan Australia. I will now be concluding our project presentation. Next slide.
Jonathan Estrada: Here is a summary of what we accomplished as a team, we have selected the I triple E 34 plus few circuit to actually simulate a distribution system.
Jonathan Estrada: By uploading a PS can model to include breakers, we are then simulated Oprah conductors and extracted data that there was an allies to develop our detection logic.
Jonathan Estrada: Next likely
Jonathan Estrada: We as a team completed. Many of the deliverables for the project. However, due to call the 19th. There was one item that needs to get done validating detection logic.
Jonathan Estrada: To do this, we would do. We would then need to submit our detection logic tour. The other element to be tested based on their feedback.
Jonathan Estrada: Who would then make any adjustments to our trivia question if the logic is validated or approved. We will then program that trip equation into the cell 351 relay to determine the probability of which they really could detect and over conductor using our logic excited
Jonathan Estrada: We like to take this time to thank our faculty advisor Michael Oberon, as well as our project liaison Robert Lloyd economical Sanchez and Sean way.
Jonathan Estrada: As well as other engineers Addison, such as negative bed at one and James to me data for the data to support to the team. We thank you. Next, hopefully.
Jonathan Estrada: We will be answering any questions you may have about the project.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. Team. We do have ample time for questions.
Michael Thorburn: Who would like to go first.
Michael Thorburn: Need to unmute your microphone.
Chris Bachman: Like I thought started off with a question. So it seems like seems like you
Chris Bachman: Had kind of pretty good metrics for determining and open fault. How is how is the, what's the potential for using some of this on kind of so cow Addison's grid to detect the faults at this point.
Blair Vidana: When they first gave us or came with the kind of introduced a project to us.
Blair Vidana: They provide some guidance on
Blair Vidana: Kind of telling us what route to kind of stick to. We decided to pick these parameters because air raid like these parameters would work with where Edison really has implemented.
Blair Vidana: In their power grid as opposed to other companies like SAN DIEGO GAS AND ELECTRIC they're implementing a whole nother piece of hardware which are called a PM.
Blair Vidana: Pm us and they're they're developing their algorithm by adding more to their grids and I think that's one thing. Edison just kind of made us aware of what the issue is to try and solve it with what we have. And if you know if it's not possible, then they'll look into something else.
Chris Bachman: But is there any, you know, I wonder if there's maybe like come to have some micro grid or someplace where you can kind of just test it out and see, see ya. Oh, well. It works for their purposes.
Blair Vidana: Oh, yeah. Yeah, so that was pretty much like the last leg of our project was to actually submitted to them and they have a laboratory and they're
Blair Vidana: Promoting offices where they're receiving like live information and stuff where they have previous cases where they encountered open conductors
Blair Vidana: Or a high Peters fault and they were going to take that data and that at our, our trip equation and run it through a simulation to see
Blair Vidana: If it were to actually work or if it worked. And how long it would take it to detect the open conductor. Yeah. But since like john stated due to a coven issue. They had to start working remotely. So they're not even allowed into their offices, so we weren't able to get that for
Chris Bachman: All right, thank you can work came out really, really interesting presentation. Thank
Michael Thorburn: You. This is my foreign. Can you remind us how you distinguish between this open fault condition and some other load variation
Michael Thorburn: Wants to take that question.
Kendrick Lin: So by
Kendrick Lin: Load varying you me when load obviously fluctuate throughout the day.
Kendrick Lin: Nice. Okay.
Michael Thorburn: You're trying to, you got this signature for this fault and their signatures for all kinds of things. I was just wondering if you could remind us what's different about this signature how you, how do you isolated from other things.
Michael Thorburn: So,
Kendrick Lin: That's going to be part of that's that's like the whole package answer. I guess you could question, you can say where
Kendrick Lin: The simulation on PS4 software would show a
Kendrick Lin: Specific characteristic saying sure for an Oprah conductor. So just based on running PS cat simulations we are able to come up with nominal values.
Kendrick Lin: From desk from the, from the simulation W can then set our relay to note to recognize those those specific characteristics, rather than having being a general a
Kendrick Lin: General
Kendrick Lin: Algorithm where it's it's going to get confused with multiple and different simulations different
Kendrick Lin: Signatures for sorry
Michael Thorburn: Okay, okay.
Michael Thorburn: Thank you. Are there other questions.
Michael Thorburn: Okay. If not, we'll let me thank you team for the interesting presentation, our next presentation is going to be starting at four o'clock, so we've got five minutes or so before that one starts that'll be the air quality control and sensor data team.
Michael Thorburn: For everybody in the audience, please remember that there's a call tricks survey. You can see the link to it in the chat room. I encourage you to fill out a call tricks response for each one of the presentations that you see today. Okay.
Michael Thorburn: So I think what we'll do now is, we'll pause for a moment and pick back up at four o'clock in about five minutes.
Michael Thorburn: Thanks again to the California Edison team. And when the air quality control and sensor data team shows up. They can grab the screen. Thank you.
Steven Cheung: Thank you.
Steven Cheung: Thank you. Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, it's approaching four o'clock.
Michael Thorburn: Do we have the team 71 here.
Yoon Baek: Yes.
Drew Seelman: Yes. Yeah, we're, we're about to jump in.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, so you guys can take a hold of the screen.
Michael Thorburn: While they do that, let me welcome everybody. This is Expo 2020 our first
Michael Thorburn: Virtual Expo.
Michael Thorburn: Today, and the rest of the week we have a full complement of presentations in the electrical and mechanical engineering area.
Michael Thorburn: The
Michael Thorburn: Presentations are being scheduled from two until six o'clock daily
Michael Thorburn: Or next. Our next team is the air quality control and sensor data team is sponsored by a clean tech startup called saya
Michael Thorburn: And if there are no initial questions.
Michael Thorburn: I guess it's time for
Michael Thorburn: Presentation.
Drew Seelman: Is anyone here chance or are they still not in here.
Michael Thorburn: Let's see, it's Terrance here.
Yoon Baek: Yes. Thanks, and I are here.
Drew Seelman: Andrew yeah I'm here.
Lyann Cerritos: And Leanne. Yes, I'm here.
Michael Thorburn: I think you're all here. Or maybe you
Yoon Baek: Yes, I'm here.
Drew Seelman: Okay.
All right.
Drew Seelman: Well then, I guess we'll get started.
Drew Seelman: Good afternoon, we are the silo life Smart Water management team and we're doing the air quality sensor and data analysis team members. I'm the lead.
Drew Seelman: Andrew silman
Lyann Cerritos: Timely answer, he does.
Terrence Sarmiento: I'm Terrance for men to
Yoon Baek: Unite
Drew Seelman: And our advisor was Professor Eric Lynn and our liaison silent.
Can
Drew Seelman: Okay.
Drew Seelman: So just covering the agenda of the presentation, you will take us through the project background.
Drew Seelman: Leanne will do the organization of the project and then me and Terrence will go through the technical ends with the such as the project components sensors and then, you know, take it away with the summary.
Yoon Baek: So our project was given to us by our sponsors cyanide their company is based around a Smart Water management system that allows their customers to monitor their water usage.
Yoon Baek: This is done through the site mobile app, which also alerts to use of any water activity that might be going on without their knowledge and they also have controls in place that shut off the water source to prevent any leakage from property damage.
Yoon Baek: One of size main goals is to provide homeowners property managers and tenants.
Yoon Baek: Peace of mind through their technology in addition to their water system saya plans on expanding their versatility to monitor different aspects of the home, such as security, energy and air. This is where our team comes in.
Yoon Baek: Our objective was to design and develop a wireless low powered air quality monitoring system that detects various compounds in the air and have the status of the air, easily accessible to the user.
Yoon Baek: In order to achieve this, there were several things we have to do first we have to determine the components to be used.
Yoon Baek: We need to choose which harmful compounds we want to detect in the air. Then we needed to implement low power wireless communication that would send the data to a gateway to be stored in a database. We created. And finally, we were to create an enclosure that would house this whole system.
Yoon Baek: Our angle was to give the user more knowledge and power to maintain good overall air quality in any given environment and to have a system efficient enough to be used in hospitals or any clean rooms and help anyone that wants to achieve LEED certification for the facilities.
Lyann Cerritos: So I'm going to talk about the project organization for this project we partner with sigh life and work with our liaison Anthony
Lyann Cerritos: Along with our group leader and you'll see a man who worked on the embedded system as well as helped us, each with our IDC I to see and Laura.
Lyann Cerritos: Our advisor for this was as Lynn who advise us for this project is this through this with the both embedded system as well as any programming questions that we might have
Lyann Cerritos: Our group consisted of us back who worked on the embedded system part of the communications as well as the dust and methane censor
Lyann Cerritos: Myself, who also worked on the embedded system. The to to TV OC and temperature sensor, as well as ITC and Terrence who worked on the database and communications, which was the my SQL and Laura.
Lyann Cerritos: One of the project requirements was to design and create a device that is compatible with the system that file already had implemented in their water system.
Lyann Cerritos: Therefore, we use the same microcontroller and Lara module that they have for their system. We also wanted to include an LCD so that the customer could see the readings themselves as well as a long battery life so that the
Lyann Cerritos: The user would not have to change the battery as often when researching for lead requirements. The most common compounds to be detected
Lyann Cerritos: Were TV OC CO2 methane and death. So those are the ones that we chose for our
Lyann Cerritos: System, the database that we used was my SQL and then we wanted to include clock. So the RTC so that the user may see the meetings and real time. Also, we use negative 20 to 30 degrees Celsius for our range so that it could be used in different regions around the world.
Lyann Cerritos: As stated previously, we use the same microcontroller, which is a very good one. It is low powered affordable efficient and compatible with our system, meaning that the pins were compatible with the book the sensors, as well as the Lauren module about used for our system.
Lyann Cerritos: So when doing research. We went through a bunch of sensors that were that could detect the compounds that we wanted for our system.
Lyann Cerritos: And specifically for this trade off table we compared different temperature and humidity sensors and we narrowed it down to to
Lyann Cerritos: The one we chose for the system was the one to the left, which is a big me to at that I the interface for the system was ITC and SPI, which was ideal because another one of our sensors also uses this interface.
Lyann Cerritos: Temperature range met our requirements, which is negative 40 to 85 degrees. Also, it had a bigger range when it came to humidity zero to 100 compared to 2290
Lyann Cerritos: A bonus when it came to the sensor is it also detected pressure, all of the price was a little bit higher with the specifications, we decided on this sensor for the temperature and humidity.
Lyann Cerritos: Also when comparing dust sensors we narrowed it down to two as well. And we decided to the one on the left, which was the sharp sensor.
Lyann Cerritos: Although was analog. It did detect smaller particles. So that was a better than the one to the right as well. It had a bigger range when it came to the voltage. And again, the price is a little bit more expensive, but it did have better
Lyann Cerritos: Ranges.
Lyann Cerritos: In the end, we decided on these four sentences for our system, so be me to add for the temperature P me 2.5 for the dust CCS 811 for the T VOC and then and you for for the method now handed out off to Terrence and he is going to compare the communication modules.
Terrence Sarmiento: Thanks again. I'm on your screen is a table that shows the comparison between other communication modules that we could have possibly used instead of Laura.
Terrence Sarmiento: Even though it was specifically designed designated by our liaison for us to us, we still did some research of our own to find the reason why they chose it.
Terrence Sarmiento: Aside from the fact that it is what they currently use for their established water management system we're all probably familiar or have an idea about Wi Fi and Bluetooth. So the only question is what is Laura.
Terrence Sarmiento: Laura stands for long range radio and it is a module that is specifically designed for long range and low power communication, which in returns enable its power supply to last longer.
Terrence Sarmiento: Not have to we have an idea of what Laureus on let's go over the possible reasons why our liaison chosen
Terrence Sarmiento: As we can see on the table when it comes to operating range. Laura has a very huge advantage over Wi Fi and Bluetooth having a range of up to 3000 meters which for reference is more than the entire length of the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Terrence Sarmiento: It is suitable for the purpose of our project because it wants to implement the air quality system onto commercial buildings which tend to have a large area that Bluetooth and Wi Fi can support. So based on these numbers are Laura wins this aspect.
Terrence Sarmiento: In terms of capacity alarm module can connect to 1000 nodes or 1000 of the units of the air quality system it is considerably a high number of connections, which is more than enough for a building.
Terrence Sarmiento: I said previously discussed the alarm module has a low power consumption and it is about for my cramps Wi Fi and Bluetooth consumes your point 9 million amps and 30 million respectively.
Terrence Sarmiento: This part reading of the law helps towards the overall power consumption of the components and would allow for longer maintenance of the system when it comes to the battery.
Terrence Sarmiento: Next on the list is a data transfer rate Wi Fi has the highest transfer rate with seven Mbps using the Wi Fi module that you can see on your screen.
Terrence Sarmiento: Although it is hard in green. It is not preferable for our project because according to our liaison. We only need to send small amounts of data at a time.
Terrence Sarmiento: So even if the data transfer rate of flora is the lowest, it is still more suitable for our project because there's there's no need for sending huge amounts of data.
Terrence Sarmiento: In terms of the price we tried finding the prices of each module. And we found that our Wi Fi module can be bought for $3
Terrence Sarmiento: Laura module comes next, with $6 while a bluetooth module costs $7 even though the Wi Fi module is half the price of our lower
Terrence Sarmiento: The previous categories already have set its face value. And so based on this table, we can definitely see that the most suitable communication module for us to use in this project is the lower
Terrence Sarmiento: Now I am going to talk about the overall design of our project their quality system consists of a microcontroller, which is the TI dev worldly and mentioned a while ago.
Terrence Sarmiento: Attached to the microcontroller all the sensors that will gather the air quality data we need, then here comes to our module, which I'm complete says the whole system.
Terrence Sarmiento: The purpose of the module is to wirelessly send the data to another Lauren module acting as a gateway that is connected to a computer via your port. The idea is to have multiple units installed in different locations such as offices restrooms hallways and etc.
Terrence Sarmiento: And still communicate to the same gateway all the data received will be gathered and stored in a database using my SQL, which I am also going to cover later in this presentation. Now I am going to
Terrence Sarmiento: To move on. Now I am going to turn over the controls to Andrew
Drew Seelman: Experience.
Drew Seelman: I'm going to
Drew Seelman: Cover the control block diagram on here on the left, you'll see our basic schematic. And on the right, more of an animated picture of our system.
Drew Seelman: And the middle is our ti MSP for 30 microcontroller.
Drew Seelman: Our analog sensors are the methane and dust on the top and bottom and r squared season sensors are on the left and right, being the temp sensor and the TV OC sensor and then we have the Lord to the left.
Drew Seelman: The analog sensors are there out there analog output is sent to our analog inputs of the TI microcontroller. And then our to I squared C sensors are connected to the Cl and SDA lines and then our Laura is hooked TX and RX to the micro jewelers Rx and TX, respectively.
Drew Seelman: Now, I'll take you through a couple of our interface protocols. The first one is I squared C, which stands for inter integrated circuit.
Drew Seelman: It's a serial communication that allows multiple masters and slaves in our project, we only have one master, which is our
Drew Seelman: microcontroller, and then to I squared C sensors are slaves I squared C is a to wire communication having the SDA which is the data line and Sal, which is the clock line.
Drew Seelman: So when I'm like your shoulders. Ready to communicate with our sensors. The data line is driven low and then the clock starts pulsing
Drew Seelman: And on every rising edge of the clock, the data is red. And if it's a high 3.3 volts. The it's a one bit and zero volts zero bit
Drew Seelman: It'll do seven of those for the address of which sensor. We're talking about and then the eighth, that being the reader right bit whether we're trying to read data or write data.
Drew Seelman: And then the sensor will send back an act signal which is an acknowledgement that it received the address. Then it pauses for a second and then the SDA drives low again and then
Drew Seelman: The eight data bits are sent back to the microcontroller. And then the microcontroller sends the act bit acknowledging that it received all the whole byte of data.
Drew Seelman: For you art which we have between the microcontroller and the Laura that stands for universal asynchronous receiver transmitter. It's also a serial communication with two wires.
Drew Seelman: But in this case, the two wires are the TX and RX lines were TX is the transmit and that transmit goes to the
Drew Seelman: Opposite components Rx and vice versa. And it's a synchronous because it there's no clock that's driving it. It just starts by
Drew Seelman: The TX line being driven low, which is the start bit then a high pulse would be a one low pulse zero similar to the I squared C and it will send eight of those bits until it receives a stop bit and
Drew Seelman: To just tell you that the you are transmission is complete.
Drew Seelman: Finally we have the HTC interface which is our analog to digital conversion
Drew Seelman: Which we use for both of our analog sensors. So when our sensors are reading data it based on how high or low that data is it outputs continuous analog signal.
Drew Seelman: And our microcontroller receives that analog signal and matches that signal to the closest digital signal.
Drew Seelman: That it has and our armory controller is a 10 bit so it has to to the 10th digital levels where it matches the closest analogue to the digital level. And once it's all in digital then the microcontroller can understand the data and store it into the variables.
Drew Seelman: Now take you through the flow chart of our software of our system and basically how it works.
Drew Seelman: So we start by sending the address of our Tee, tee box sensor through the I squared C pins.
Drew Seelman: The tee box sensor acknowledges and then we'll send back the data.
Drew Seelman: That it's stored in its registers. We repeat that process for the humidity sensor where we send the address of there and then the humidity sensor will send data back
Drew Seelman: After those two sensors are complete, we do the ADC conversion on our methane sensor when it's complete. We receive that data store it into our variable and then similar concept for does sensor once all those
Drew Seelman: Once all that data is stored in our variables, then we display all the values on our LCD screen and it'll repeat every few seconds as it as it updates.
Drew Seelman: Archos is the is kind of the structure we used for our software. Whereas, whereas most programs are more linear our toasts is a. It's kind of a structure that switches between tasks rapidly.
Drew Seelman: It avoids the buffer delays in that because usually you have to fill a buffer with all the data spit it out, fill it fill it out, which
Drew Seelman: You know, takes time. Every time you do that, so it avoids that by just doing every task simultaneously and really the main reason we implemented it is we can get all our tax test done in a preset amount of time.
Drew Seelman: So now I'll give it over to Terrence and he'll talk about the database.
Drew Seelman: Are you there.
Michael Thorburn: Terrence is flipping the screen right
Drew Seelman: Yeah, I don't, I don't know where you went.
Michael Thorburn: Oops. Looks like he dropped off.
Drew Seelman: Let's see.
Michael Thorburn: Who's back
Terrence Sarmiento: Sorry, I got kicked out of zoom
Drew Seelman: Okay, well,
Drew Seelman: And I just finished.
Drew Seelman: The artist page. So whenever you're ready, with the database.
Terrence Sarmiento: Right.
Terrence Sarmiento: Sorry about that. Like it previously mentioned from our conceptual design a few slides ago. We plan to use my SQL to have the air quality data stored in a database.
Terrence Sarmiento: Sorry. Um, my school is an example of a database management system or the BMS ensured that allows you to store access and manipulate data.
Terrence Sarmiento: It can be compared to an old card catalog that stores catalog cards containing information about each book, such as the author, title publisher and so on which libraries used before online catalogs took over.
Terrence Sarmiento: Inside the database management system, our database, the databases, which are structured organized and systematic collections of data.
Terrence Sarmiento: Well, our data is any piece of information about any object or anything which could be as simple as a name color and we
Terrence Sarmiento: Here's an example illustration of a database management system DB MS serves as the connection between data basis and users trying to access specific data such as staff details customer accounts and stock levels.
Terrence Sarmiento: And now to conclude our presentation I'll pass it on to James
Yoon Baek: So as for our results, we were able to obtain data from the sensors and have the built in LCD to cycle through different sensor doubles, which was set to a numbers game.
Yoon Baek: And by setting is parameters we had the lower modules communicate with each other and relay sample code structured similarly to how the sensor data would have been transmitted and received
Yoon Baek: We were also establishing a database in my SQL to properly store future data and designed a PCB.
Yoon Baek: However, due to the coven 19 buyers, we were not able to to implement the wireless communication to our system.
Yoon Baek: Which means we never got to store real time data and update them for future purposes we weren't able to print out our PCs design or build an efficient I pleasing enclosure for our whole system.
Yoon Baek: In the end we gained a lot of experience dealing with different interfaces, such as I squared C and a login you are. We learned a lot about wireless communication protocols and creating an organizing databases and unfortunately dealt with Project ending circumstances.
Yoon Baek: Thank you very much for listening and if you have any questions, please ask
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. Team. That was a very
ray: I think we should give a round of applause to Andrew you Terrance and the and very nice presentation project. Thank you very much for all
ray: Circumstances.
Lyann Cerritos: Thank you.
Terrence Sarmiento: Thank you. We appreciate it.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. Ray, um, let me ask a question. How long do you suppose it would take to
Michael Thorburn: To complete the work on this project and actually have a fully integrated and tested unit.
Drew Seelman: Um, I would say.
Drew Seelman: That
Drew Seelman: I will have to become kind of proficient with some sort of CAD program, probably to do the casing.
Drew Seelman: Which I don't know the maybe a couple weeks to a month, maybe to get a one that we really like
Drew Seelman: As far as the PCB design and we have all the components we need so it maybe not wouldn't take too long, maybe a week for that. So I think, I think we had another
Drew Seelman: Couple months, I think it would be. It could easily be completed. The problem was, what yeah we got held up on that on the wireless communication.
Drew Seelman: Which we kind of focused a lot on and didn't. It was kind of confusing. So we didn't, we didn't make it that far on on that part.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. And then I had another question. Do you have any
Michael Thorburn: Would you say, for lack of a better phrase like available slots, if I wanted to add another sensor, like say a carbon monoxide sensor or something. Is that something that can be added to your system or would that require a redesign.
Drew Seelman: Know that that would be easy to implement. Yeah, because where
Drew Seelman: We set it up to I mean our my controller had at least two or three more input input output pins that we could probably use for that and
Drew Seelman: Yeah, I wouldn't be, I mean, I guess it depends on the interface of those sensors. Because if it's something like analog or something would be really easy to implement, because we already did it if it's something kind of new it. We might have to change the software, a little bit but
Drew Seelman: I would think if it's, yeah. If it's like an analog output, it would be really simple, maybe even I squared C because we already have those lines.
Drew Seelman: Hooked up as well.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you.
ray: So, so you're running our task as an operating system on the TI chip.
Drew Seelman: Yeah, we're using
Drew Seelman: It. So who's got code. Code composer studio and we had, we had a professor because I took embedded I took embedded with them and or was it. Yeah. And we learned our toasts. So it's kind of just into software where you, where you set up the Archos
Drew Seelman: As
Drew Seelman: Queue that they kind of reminds me of interrupts to where you do a task and you interrupt out and do a different task and interrupt you know that's kind of how it seems to me.
ray: So you didn't write anything in see on the TI check
Drew Seelman: We did. Yeah, we did. Right. It's still see
Drew Seelman: It's just, it's just a
Drew Seelman: It's a yeah it's it's when it's done with like pointers and interrupts. It was kind of, it's kind of a confusing way to do it, but
Drew Seelman: It is, it does. I mean, it's probably the best when you get it working obviously doing it like more linear is it's probably easier but
Drew Seelman: It's more barbaric, you just kind of do something, then do something else to do something else. Where, where this is you do something and then you could switch and if that one task gets held up. It doesn't hold up the other tasks so
Drew Seelman: It's probably a better way to go at it, it's just, it is a little confusing to follow the flow of it, I guess.
ray: And as long as your customer knew what you were doing and we're happy. That's cool.
Drew Seelman: Oh yeah, yeah, yeah. As long as it worked all good. I'm sure they wouldn't dig too deep into it.
ray: Okay, I'm gonna shut up for a little bit and he can come back to me later.
Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Other questions.
Papa K: Of course, lead us in this period visor. I just, I don't know if I missed it or not. But when you started talking about the
Papa K: The database and the Archos
Papa K: Good. Could you say a little bit more about the sampling rate and the amount of data that you would be generating say on a
Papa K: On a sort of typical daily schedule or I guess I'm trying to get an idea of how long battery life is relative to what data you're capturing in kind of what's the time span there.
Drew Seelman: Well, we were trying to cycle. We're trying to cycle through all of our sensors probably
Drew Seelman: For me for testing. We did it fast. But in when we really implemented, we would slow it down to probably once once maybe or twice a day. I would say just because we want that battery to last a long time so we we really want our sensors to be in sleep mode. A lot of the time.
Drew Seelman: So it's not. They're not drawing much current
Drew Seelman: But yeah obviously for testing. We did a quicker, just to test, but I didn't think you know air quality in a room would change so drastically that you would need to measure it more than maybe a couple times a day.
Drew Seelman: That's what I was thinking for for sample, because I don't want to be sampling too much where it's constantly drawing current and then our batteries are dead, very quickly.
Papa K: Yeah. Yeah, I would. I would. Well, I guess I would say that
Papa K: That you might want to really look at that requirement. I mean, I understand it for, you know, for testing purposes.
Papa K: You need to generate data within a short amount of time.
Papa K: I think also for practical purposes in in the field.
Papa K: That sampling rate might not be often enough.
Papa K: For some via
Drew Seelman: Yeah, we were playing around with different ones. We didn't know exactly what would be the right sampling rate for this kind of application where we don't think things are
Drew Seelman: The air quality is very volatile. So what might not change much. So that's we were kind of trying to play around with. What would be where we could catch the changes, but it's not too much where we're drawing too much current so
Drew Seelman: Yeah, we're kind of, you know, in the middle.
Papa K: Yeah, yeah. I guess what, what comes to my mind is, is you you sampling for something like methane.
Papa K: You know,
Papa K: Yeah, the concentration of methane changes a little bit and you could be in a lot of trouble.
Drew Seelman: Yeah, that is true. That is true. Yeah, I guess it depends, Your main application for this. Yeah.
Drew Seelman: Yeah, if it was something detecting a gas leak. Yeah, you might want to be more frequent with it. Yeah.
Papa K: Right. And there's just this so I'm trying to put the my head around this project. So, first time I kind of get into it.
Papa K: So, so, so, who, who is the user is it a sort of like security or watchmen kind of person that's walking the perimeter of the property and
Papa K: You sort of checking up on different areas or is it someone in a control station. That's a, you know, kind of actively monitoring the state of health of a facility.
Drew Seelman: Um, do you guys want to take that
Yeah.
Terrence Sarmiento: So,
Terrence Sarmiento: The idea of saya is to implement this first on to commercial buildings. So I assume the system would be
Terrence Sarmiento: Monitored by the maintenance.
Terrence Sarmiento: You know, those who also work on the maintenance of the whole building
Terrence Sarmiento: But if this is going to be applied to households, then it will be the, the owner of the house.
Terrence Sarmiento: Themselves so
Papa K: Yeah, yeah, I can just, I just this comment. I mean, I can see a lot of areas where this technology.
Papa K: Can be used. Of course, you know, because you're describing in in buildings or complexes like that.
Papa K: As well as homes but but also in agriculture, you know, I'm
Papa K: A lot of things happen when they're filling styles was grain, a lot of dust. Lot of things happen when animals are cooped up in barns and you know chickens and cows that are producing methane and other gases can be a could be a broad spectrum of applications for it.
Papa K: Yes.
Terrence Sarmiento: That's true. All right. Thank you.
Michael Thorburn: I have another twist. A couple of questions with regards to the power system. First off,
Michael Thorburn: Is it wasn't actually a requirement that it be battery powered or could you have this thing hooked up to DC or to AC.
Michael Thorburn: We. Secondly,
Michael Thorburn: Do you know which of your components was actually consuming the most power.
Drew Seelman: Um, yeah. So yeah, I was not a requirement that we had to do battery, but
Drew Seelman: I didn't know exactly, because we kind of wanted it as its own little package like comes with everything.
Drew Seelman: You just kind of put it on the wall. I guess for more like if it was in a hospital or something else it could probably just be plugged into the
Drew Seelman: You know, probably plugged in, but it was more like a consumer product I would see it more. I don't know, like, hanging up in the corner of a room where I don't know. You don't really want a long wire, all the way to a to an outlet or something.
Drew Seelman: So that's that as far as what drawing the most current
Drew Seelman: Pretty much anything that's active that's not sleeping is drawing a pretty good amount of current. So we really want everything in sleep mode as much as possible because anytime we all, and the Lord anytime we have to transmit it huge spikes and drawing current so
Michael Thorburn: It's actually was getting. And I think that it would be your communication system is probably
Michael Thorburn: Consumed yeah
Drew Seelman: Yeah, there's there's huge spikes on a on a transmission. Yeah, really big spikes, but
Drew Seelman: Yeah, pretty, but honestly, even the sensors themselves if they're constantly reading, they're drawing a lot of current. So we really want them.
Drew Seelman: Asleep for a lot of times and then that's why we're taking maybe, you know, maybe one reading a couple hours or something. Just so we're not really drawn that much current
Drew Seelman: I guess if we're plugged into the wall that's less of a concern. It depends how often you really want to see the state of what application you're you're looking for. Yeah.
Yoon Baek: Yeah, that's why also important for the selection of Laura and the MSP for 30 because because of their low power operation mode.
Drew Seelman: Yeah, their sleep currents really low, obviously. But, uh, yeah. We don't want to transmit too often.
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Rated yes and follow up questions. You were down so
ray: I'm just going to shut up and let other people ask questions. First, if there are others.
Michael Thorburn: Are there other questions.
Michael Thorburn: We have, we still have
Ahmad Abdulrahman M Alobayed: Hi.
Ahmad Abdulrahman M Alobayed: My name is Ahmad elevate am also part of I work over there like
Ahmad Abdulrahman M Alobayed: Inside a life. And I know you guys had like a lot of problem with the
Ahmad Abdulrahman M Alobayed: Lauren module.
Ahmad Abdulrahman M Alobayed: You guys did a hell of a job. You guys did a good job really good job, man. I'm really amazed. Thank you so much, guys. All of you.
Drew Seelman: Thank you.
Drew Seelman: Appreciate it.
Charles Liu: I have a question. This is child's Lou.
Charles Liu: So Andrew. This is a follow up question regarding regarding the sampling. There are some commercial products which have the the sensory system embedded within their air purifier, for example. So sometimes they want to test how efficient.
Charles Liu: Their purification system works. And then now. So that probably needs some more frequent sampling. How easy asking the whole team, not necessary. Andrew himself.
Charles Liu: How easy if we could leverage the technology to those kind of commercial products, saying that we have an embedded part that's beaut in a air purifier. For example,
Drew Seelman: So you're saying it measures the air quality and then actually purifies it too. Is that what you're saying.
Charles Liu: Right, so you constantly want to monitor the how efficient the the purification is the process is it's doing right
Hmm.
Drew Seelman: Um, yeah. I mean, we're, we're, we're getting all those values that we stated earlier, you know, like CO2 methane dust all that so
Drew Seelman: You could see what you know what you're trying to purify what you're trying to remove from the air, and you could see, I guess. How good of a job you're doing based on the readings, you know, maybe the before after
Drew Seelman: Of the purification process if how much was removed you know if that's if that's kind of what you were getting at, and
Drew Seelman: Is that what you're asking. Like, if there's a purification in the room.
Drew Seelman: And you're trying to test how good that
Drew Seelman: good of a job. It's doing is that kind of what you're saying.
Yoon Baek: Right, right.
Charles Liu: How can we use the technology. You guys have developed to facilitate the monitoring of the removal of different particles or different
Charles Liu: Compounds from the air right so that my Nita and more frequent sampling than what you planned twice a day or
Drew Seelman: Joe for
Drew Seelman: Frequency. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, that's a
Drew Seelman: Again, yeah, might be, it might be application application with, like I said, how, how often we want to sample.
Drew Seelman: Something like that, yeah, maybe, maybe we need to do it a couple times a minute even or, you know, any, something like that.
Drew Seelman: But yeah, it just would draw more power, maybe even if if they don't mind plugging into the wall. I guess it's really not that big a deal. You can you can sample all day. Who cares. Yeah.
Drew Seelman: But uh yeah we're trying to keep it one little
Drew Seelman: Sleek package, which is was kind of our idea.
Drew Seelman: Then yeah, the battery life was a was a big deal for us.
Charles Liu: Thank you.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. I think we have time for one more question.
Michael Thorburn: Ray, do you want to go ahead and ask, I know even
ray: I have two cookies.
ray: And maybe this is for
ray: Automotive side as much as for the team. How much of a scratch with the Spain for a sensor to detect mold bacteria or virus.
Drew Seelman: Yeah, I actually thought about that, but then I guess we'd have to do research on you know what
Drew Seelman: Compounds create mold or, you know, create those viruses like a may be at this perfect level of CO2 and oxygen and this and that. That's where mold really loves to grow.
Drew Seelman: So maybe we set our sensor for hey if you if you see those perfect conditions, watch out, you know, or change it, I guess. Right.
Drew Seelman: Yeah, I would think you could do that. It'd be as easy as looking up or, you know, doing research on what conditions cause mold. I'm sure temperature
Drew Seelman: plays a huge play also
Drew Seelman: Humidity we and we have all those we all have all that info. So, I mean, we could just set tweak our, you know, our code to say, hey, if it, if it gets to this level, you know, change or do something, make it dehumidifier. What you know whatever
ray: Good, good. Just one quick question for
ray: My SQL. What's a card catalog.
Terrence Sarmiento: A card catalog is a an old fashion.
Terrence Sarmiento: Thing that
Terrence Sarmiento: The you guys are laughing. I know you know that
ray: So I'm all about
Terrence Sarmiento: Us.
Terrence Sarmiento: And I was in elementary
Terrence Sarmiento: Um, I mean, we were forced to do that because that's what libraries have had been using before.
Terrence Sarmiento: Before you know technology took over.
Terrence Sarmiento: Um, I've read articles that said
Terrence Sarmiento: You know, schools are throwing out their card catalogs because they're relying now on online library tools. So, yeah.
ray: I mean it's changing
Michael Thorburn: I know you are
Michael Thorburn: Very presentation.
Drew Seelman: Thank you guys very much. Thank you, guys.
Papa K: Good job, interesting time
Michael Thorburn: Is it is time now to move on to the next presentation. This is one of our ups auto package sorting presentations. This is for bad handling all is the team already present
Pedro Martinez: Yes.
Michael Thorburn: doula Mon.
Abdullah Alalawi: Etc.
Dom Valdez: Yes, yes, we're present
Michael Thorburn: Yeah okay so you can go ahead and grab the screen.
Michael Thorburn: Go share screen and just take control.
Michael Thorburn: While they're doing that. Everybody please remember that we've got this call track survey.
Michael Thorburn: Please, you can see the address for it and in the chat room if you needed another copy, let me know. I'll send it to you. We do want your feedback. With regards to all these presentations, the students will be benefit from it as well. I
Michael Thorburn: Is the UPS team ready
Maan Dhawan: Yeah yeah
Michael Thorburn: Go ahead, take control.
Maan Dhawan: Yeah, so we had a UPS automated small back end system control team.
Maan Dhawan: This position.
Maan Dhawan: Yet like
Maan Dhawan: I'm gonna go over. My name is Mark. And I'm going to go over the introduction in the background.
Maan Dhawan: Like
Maan Dhawan: Right now at the UPS facility. When the bags are all there is a person who comes over and see that the bags or four he lifts in Imma, imma he puts on a label. And then he throws him in the conveyor belt that goes to the to the to the UPS trucks.
Maan Dhawan: For delivery.
Maan Dhawan: And we're trying to make that process automated as it will save like too much, as do to save time
Maan Dhawan: And the objective of this
Maan Dhawan: Project is to design a fully automated small package bag handling system we our goals are to design a supervisory control with data acquisition systems.
Maan Dhawan: design and construct the controllers for motor functions and restock or communication create solutions for them to do intrusion detection and back detecting
Maan Dhawan: This is the organization.
Maan Dhawan: These are our system requirements.
Maan Dhawan: And now I'm going to pass it over to Jose, who's going to go over the system. Overview
Maan Dhawan: Was it
Jose Castaneda: Scary. Okay, so you can go to the next slide. So I'd like to begin by introducing the main components in our system.
Jose Castaneda: On the far right, we have our master controller. This houses are PLC, as well as various other sub controllers. For example, one that controls are the wireless communications to our restock your card.
Jose Castaneda: This card is what will go and fetch more of those forever bags. When the system is out and then on the left, we have our gantry robot. This can move around that entire xy plane that you see.
Jose Castaneda: As well as rotate and this also has a sub controllers for, you know, all the gripping and zipping functionality related to the bags.
Jose Castaneda: If you move on to the next slide. This is our controls hardware architecture. So as you can see the heart of this is our PLC.
Jose Castaneda: It receives input from an operator panel and then it will send a software enable as well as data to all of our Arduino omega base sub controllers and so we have three for movement. These are motor controllers, as well as one for system sensing and then we also have restock or communications.
Jose Castaneda: Modules. If you go to the next one. So from a top most level we organized all of our functionality in terms of operational modes. So here you can see we have a mode for
Jose Castaneda: Things like startup and reset, as well as gantry mode and operation. So if I run through this really quickly. Um,
Jose Castaneda: He always start from that startup reset mode and this happens anytime we have a fault or we cycle power.
Jose Castaneda: And then from there, depending on whether we are depending on the operator input we will either go into a debug mode.
Jose Castaneda: Or into, you know, the part of the system, which is gantry operations and from there will be actively monitoring the bag to see when it is full, you know, so that, at which point we can
Jose Castaneda: zip it up and apply label and transfer it over onto the conveyor belt. Now, if at any point we run a bags. Then we issue that restock bag command and then you know the gantry robot will move over to the side to allow the stalker to resupply that slant table with more bags.
Kevin: And start reading
Jose Castaneda: Okay, we can move on to the next one.
Jose Castaneda: So, um, this is just the sample flow chart. So within each of these modes.
Jose Castaneda: There exists, you know, set of corresponding operations and instructions. So this is for startup and reset. As you can see, you know, we always start by making sure that our he stops not pressed, you know, we run through a safety check and then we go through
Jose Castaneda: And reset the gantry the coders and make sure that we have communications with all of our components.
Jose Castaneda: And that's, that's, that's an overview of our system. If you go to the next one. So I'm going to pass it on to Don who's gonna go over intrusion sensors.
Dom Valdez: Well, everyone this semester been working with the programmable logic controller PLC for short. For those of you who do not know what a PLC is a PLC is an industrial computer that evaluates the state of an input and based on the program. It'll determine the state of an output device.
Dom Valdez: This master, we've been able to run a DC motors emergency lights and indicators, but one of the biggest accomplishment and we have had to semester is programming the intrusion detection system.
Dom Valdez: This program will help detect intrusion. If anyone ever tries to enter the gantry and it will also detect if any bags or any boxes to not fall in the bag. Next slide please.
Dom Valdez: This is how it would look if we were to mount the photoelectric sensors that we're using on to the gantry
Dom Valdez: Each blue circle is a sensor photo electric sensor and you can see that each one has a label this label help indicate where
Dom Valdez: Where each wire for the input will be wire to to the input of the PLC. And also this, the main purpose for this schematic is also to help
Dom Valdez: Others and for future future teams to help locate where the sensors are just in case if any sensors is a malfunction or maybe it gets kicked and it doesn't align with the other sensor.
Dom Valdez: Um, if you guys. See you can go back through the red dotted lines are the beams. You can see a square is formed with the group of sensors.
Dom Valdez: That'll that'll help detect if anyone tries to walk inside the gantry and the group of sensors that form an X that will help detective any boxes. They're not followed in the back.
Dom Valdez: Next slide please.
Dom Valdez: These are the photo electric sensors that we're using. So each sensor will have been through being and in order for the sensors to work, they have to work in pairs.
Dom Valdez: So the indicator lights on top of each sensor will turn on when to the sensor beams are aligned directly at each other.
Dom Valdez: And the way to code them in order, in order for them to work properly and to detect intrusion or an object is the arrows on the back of the sensors. They have to be facing in opposite direction. This will indicate that you have a sending and a receiver.
Dom Valdez: Next slide please.
Dom Valdez: This is my test bed.
Dom Valdez: To the left, you can see an indicator light and that's what will turn off if any of the beams from Paris sensors are broken.
Dom Valdez: And the biggest part or the hardest part about wiring. These sensors was there wasn't enough space on the voltage and ground terminals on the PLC.
Dom Valdez: To hook up all the 12 wires powering ground cables from the sensors. So what we had to do was a jump the voltage and grounds from the PLC terminals off to Terminal ships, just so we can power every single sensor up
Dom Valdez: Next slide please.
Dom Valdez: This is what the code looks. Looks like losing the logics 5000 software.
Dom Valdez: But we used to a total of 12 inputs, because those are the sensors and they're labeled as local one data, a local one data 10 etc. And the only output of us which which was indicated light was at the bottom right, it's labeled as local
Dom Valdez: Next slide please.
Dom Valdez: There's a schematic I have created on AutoCAD electrical it is how to wire each sensor off to the left, you can see these are the sensors and each one will have a wire going to the input side of the PLC, and each sensor will have a voltage in ground.
Dom Valdez: If you look to the right, bottom right, we will have a green light, though, was the indicator light. It's going to go to an output on the PLC and to ground. And that is how you are the sensors.
Dom Valdez: Next time,
Dom Valdez: Thank you. I'll be passionate enough to say again.
Jose Castaneda: Alright, so one of the more interesting challenges with this project was a getting a, like a commercial product to talk to our you know development units, essentially, because
Jose Castaneda: The PLC, like I said, is a commercial product and then our controllers are are are all Arduino based. And so for that.
Jose Castaneda: We chose the we needed a wiring standard in communications protocols for for wiring. We chose the RS 232 wiring standard, which is kind of redundant and then also
Jose Castaneda: We evaluated several communications protocols, our requirements were they needed to be robust enough to send and send commands and receive feedback.
Jose Castaneda: They have to be implementable on an Arduino compatible with our point IO adapter and they have to be low cost.
Jose Castaneda: And so two main options were explored the Midwest RT you protocol as well as an ASCII implementation or implementation of the ASCII standard over RS 232
Jose Castaneda: So if you go to the next slide. The Midwest, or to you. So, Marcus. It's an open and open cereal protocol that's used widely within the industrial automation and within automation industry.
Jose Castaneda: And our tissue is a remote telemetry unit. And that's a microcontroller that interfaces with, you know, sensors are real world components. And part of the reason why I chose this is because it has successfully been implemented by automation enthusiasts.
Jose Castaneda: PLC into Arduino communications and it follows the master slave architecture where master initiate a request, and then a slave performs a response. And then, you know, sends back a, you know,
Jose Castaneda: A message and then the master receives it
Jose Castaneda: So we're going to next one.
Jose Castaneda: So this image is primarily are the, what we were trying to implement and that is the, what's called a frame format for a message.
Jose Castaneda: And so what's what's cool about my bus structure is that it has a component for what's called a function code and this essentially is built in and says, hey, like
Jose Castaneda: This is the operation that I'd like to run. So, whether that be a reader. Right. And depending on whether we're writing to individual bits so bit specific addressing or to an entire register.
Jose Castaneda: Then we have our data. And then what's called the CRC check. And that's essentially just an error check. And then at the end. So we go to the next one.
Jose Castaneda: So there were two main options which were to develop our own library of functions were to source one out.
Jose Castaneda: And for this implementation, because it had already been successfully, you know, completed. I went about sourcing and library and that involved.
Jose Castaneda: Become really familiar with the specification and then testing a whole bunch of different candidates, if you will. And so this was my test bed and my procedure was as follows. So to test read and write functionality.
Jose Castaneda: Or to test them read functionality, I had this potential monitor and that was for an analog input. So we could read the resistance level, we have a button and that's for a digital input.
Jose Castaneda: And then, uh, I'm using an application that simulates a mod bus master, I was able to write to all any of the pre configured registers that I made.
Jose Castaneda: On that Arduino Mega and if a value went above a certain number, then it would blink that led and so that was successful and this implementation was like ready to go but from good. Next one.
Jose Castaneda: Unfortunately, due to a prohibitive costs the mod plus implementation had to be abandoned. So the
Jose Castaneda: marred by specific modules for PLC we're beyond our budget and so instead we pivoted to this um ASCII standard implementation.
Jose Castaneda: Protocol. And for this, we had to develop our own Library of Functions based around some modules that the team already owned
Jose Castaneda: And this is the new frame format. This is taken from their documentation. And so it's similar. And I actually created a messaging standard based on this sort of like a mix between that in mind bus, which I'll detail later, but in the next slide.
Jose Castaneda: This is a flow chart for the read operation. And so, as, as before, we always configure our, our Arduino device based on the serial Stan or protocol. So things like the BOD rate.
Jose Castaneda: Like how many bits to a word, where I mean it to a bite your character. Then we instantiate our data registers and then we pull for a query.
Jose Castaneda: And then upon receiving a query. Then we move to this update some process and then whether a you know the the master is requesting some information or wants to write
Jose Castaneda: We will either parsing message and then update our registers, or we will complete a handshake and then create a data packet and then send that out. And so if we go on to the next slide.
Jose Castaneda: So like I said, taking some inspiration from that mod bus protocol for their message structure, um,
Jose Castaneda: I said some some new standards. So I always have a fixed length because this frame format doesn't have a built in error. Check you know one way to just make sure that you know we're not losing information or
Jose Castaneda: We have a you know a good message is to have a fixed length and then within that length or within that message we broke it up into two components. The first one being a function code.
Jose Castaneda: And then the actual message. And so the function code is for ASCII characters.
Jose Castaneda: And that can detail a whole bunch of different instructions and then lastly we have a message. So, one such example is, for example, if I want to instruct one of our motors to move forward.
Jose Castaneda: Then I could send the ASCII character f as well as the data or you know the number five. And so then that would say move my motor controller forward to position five
Jose Castaneda: And this is the structure in Arduino and so this essentially is just like all the various boxes that hold this entire message so it's it's held within
Jose Castaneda: One dimensional arrays and because we chose eight bytes to a character or eight bits. That's like one bite and that that's per message and essentially takes what we see below at this table and puts it all into you don't code, if you will.
Jose Castaneda: And now I'm going to pass it on to Pedro, who's going to talk about motor control.
Pedro Martinez: Oh, this is a main test build the test bed. I'm sorry, of the
Pedro Martinez: Other
Pedro Martinez: There's a testbed using the rotor motor the rotary motor that supposed to be attached to the gantry robot. This is created to make sure that the actual gantry isn't damage to the testing phase of the project. That's the next slide please.
Pedro Martinez: On this slide, let's go. Medical they're doing us wired with other components. The shown
Pedro Martinez: The computer sends a signal to the Arduino tell everything else to do its job can five and six are the pins that are going to tell them order to move forward in reverse.
Pedro Martinez: And four are the images and those prevent the motor from overshooting that wants a destiny destination that the motor hits one of the messages and mortar will stop.
Pedro Martinez: In two and three are connected to the encoder. This shows a number on the serial monitor representing the position of the motor on the gantry into is assigned to the motor going in reverse MP3 is assigned to the motive one
Pedro Martinez: Let's have the next slide please.
Pedro Martinez: This next slide is to show just some code of encoder how it's going to work. And if pin three is low, then the number will rise, meaning the motors moving forward. And if pin to is low, the motors goes down me the number goes down, meaning the motors moving in reverse.
Pedro Martinez: Next slide.
Pedro Martinez: And we don't want the motor to stop instantly and cause any trouble. So we wanted to come to a soft stop and this would be the code that will
Pedro Martinez: This will be the code that makes them softly and it won't just instantly stuff and damage you next week.
Pedro Martinez: And I'll pass it on to them on the controller bill.
Maan Dhawan: Hi, like I was in charge of building a controller.
Maan Dhawan: Like this is a prototype of the controller which consists of Arduino Mega and RS 232 modules solid state relay and motor driver.
Maan Dhawan: And on this slide is like the actual model that we are gonna be agile controller that we are using
Maan Dhawan: As you can see, the main difference from the prototype to the actual one is the relate, because the because the prototype really was way over spec and expensive and we found a better solution so me the small one channel really
Maan Dhawan: And Lee and for the components of
Maan Dhawan: Yeah, I do enough gets the signal from RS 232 which gets it from the PC about what actions to take really is therefore the brakes motor driver moves the motor
Maan Dhawan: This is the penalty for the Arduino omega
Maan Dhawan: Language, I decided to juice like
Maan Dhawan: A one and A two and A three it was really it was enable
Maan Dhawan: Five and six are the motor drivers.
Maan Dhawan: 2326 29 and 27 are the limits wishes encoder. A and B in 20 and 21 and R amp T 00 t zero or one and 00 is the for the RS 232
Maan Dhawan: And now I'm going to pass you up doula for me soccer control.
Abdullah Alalawi: Hi everyone. So this is the schematic for the control box here, we will get the signals from the PLC. We need to control to monitor
Abdullah Alalawi: The output of the PLC is 24 volts and the current is high for the digital inputs of Arduino. So we have used a resistor and relate to control five bolt as the signal input to Arduino.
Abdullah Alalawi: The five volt and ground is taken common and connected were needed
Abdullah Alalawi: The Arduino is programmed to sense the input signal.
Abdullah Alalawi: From the see
Abdullah Alalawi: The motors on the step response of Arduino input for the pace of the basis of the programming the signal is sent to the saber tooth motor controller.
Abdullah Alalawi: But we need an interface circuit. In addition to limits of change as shown in the schematic diagram with the help of this this interface motors are controls in directions.
Abdullah Alalawi: And. Next slide please.
Abdullah Alalawi: As a system control team. We want to establish a communication between the PLC and the district court and since the stock market is going to be moving around the place. We have to make a wireless communication.
Abdullah Alalawi: The communication between the PLC and the stock is going to be through HC or five Bluetooth modules and as you see here, this is the communication hardware architecture.
Abdullah Alalawi: On the left, we have the PLC connected to the master control and on the right we have the slave, which is going to be connected in the restock are called
Abdullah Alalawi: The way it works is, once the massive controller receives a signals from the TLC. It is going to send enabled to the slave, then we will be able to send commands from the master Andrew see the status of the release.
Abdullah Alalawi: Cycle course.
Abdullah Alalawi: Also, as you as you see here we have two types of Arduino that because we want to separate the enabled from the commands. Next slide please.
Abdullah Alalawi: So here's our test and results test one shows that we are able to send and receive a wireless signal by pushing a button from the master control and once the slave receive the signal the LED will turn on.
Abdullah Alalawi: Just two shows that we can send commands to be able to control the least offer call
Abdullah Alalawi: Next,
Abdullah Alalawi: So next, my friend. Man is going to conclude our presentation.
Maan Dhawan: In conclusion, I would like to say that our system architecture is completely the controller is 80% belt intrusion sensors are working properly and communication with restocking card is working properly.
Maan Dhawan: And I would like to send the acknowledgments you Dr. Raj and Professor Ted for helping us are an advising ups for sponsoring our projects and our liaison is our Ramirez for helping us through
Maan Dhawan: And Professor Thornburg and Bachman to help us for any other problems which we have. Thank you.
Michael Thorburn: Thank you. It's very interesting presentation.
Michael Thorburn: So we have time for questions.
Michael Thorburn: Who would like to go first. Be sure and unmute your microphone.
Papa K: This is Carl just kind of general interest question. So you talked about how the
Papa K: The sensors will detect in truth in the gantry area or if a package falls off the conveyor or the transporter and doesn't make it into one of the bags. Did you have a requirement or did you guys think anything further about sort of overall safety.
Papa K: You know where we can just comes to a complete stop and either recycles or goes to a week state to see if the hazard is cleared or the person's out of the way, or whatever actions need to happen, happen.
Dom Valdez: Well, essentially what we want, what we want to do is to completely everything come to a stop when
Dom Valdez: A beam is broken.
Dom Valdez: So I was able to do was as soon as the beam was broken and would turn off so so as soon as
Dom Valdez: So if I stay if I walked inside the gantry and I broke the beam, and I stood
Dom Valdez: There but then if I walked with say forward and I wasn't getting the x
Dom Valdez: Would I say if I walked past the beam and I was inside the gantry but I was not in a place where I would be detected by the x, the group of x.
Dom Valdez: And then the system will continue going. So if I had a little
Dom Valdez: Bit more components at home, I would have been able to probably add switching to completely an emergency stop when that happened,
Dom Valdez: But that is essentially what we completely need to do
Papa K: With the startup function look like. I mean, you have to reset the whole system or is it simply clear a false flag and then it starts up again, or did you get a chance to look at that.
Jose Castaneda: Oh yeah, I think if. Oh, sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt.
Dom Valdez: Go ahead and say,
Jose Castaneda: If we could go back to that one particular slide in the presentation.
Maan Dhawan: This one.
Jose Castaneda: Um, I think it was like like really at the beginning of one one couple more.
Jose Castaneda: There you go. Yeah, so this details are startup and reset mode. And so what we have is, whenever we cycle power or we have a fault. Right. The first thing we want to do is we want to read that he stopped.
Jose Castaneda: And so there is any stop as well on the master controller next to the or would be on the operator panel as well as a light that you know indicates that the system is running.
Jose Castaneda: And so based on this right. If the stop is not press then we do go into a safety check just to make sure that like there are no, there's nothing intruding on anything. And that like all the components are good to go.
Jose Castaneda: Does that, does that answer.
Papa K: Your question. Yeah, that's exactly what I was looking for.
Jose Castaneda: Okay. Right on.
Papa K: Yeah. Nice.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, other questions.
Papa K: But I've got another one also. So you talk about the, you know, being connections and having to align beans. Were there any changes or or or
Papa K: Was that exercise relatively straightforward, or were there geometry situations with the gantry or other attached locations of the beams that you had to either modify or would modify if you, you know, went forth with a more operational system.
Dom Valdez: So for the geometry. You're saying
Dom Valdez: Can I ask a question one more time please.
Papa K: Well, so, so if you go to that to that slide where you're showing the gantry with the beam on the blue beings going around your reps read, excuse me. So is that like a perfect square, and does it stays
Dom Valdez: It would have to. So the sensors work in pairs. So they have to, let's say, if you look at the input I 03 and zero for those are a sender and receiving sensor for electric sensor.
Dom Valdez: So they have to be pointed directly at each other. So where we do a month them. It is going to be a little bit difficult when if we actually did get the chance to mountain on the gantry
Dom Valdez: But it would be a little bit difficult, just because it's a little bit of space away and wherever you mount your holes has to be right in order for the beam to completely aligned with the other sensor.
Papa K: Yeah, like I guess one of the things I'm driving at is it. Are you going to have like a calibration requirement when this thing is
Papa K: Installed or periodically where you're going to have to go back and make sure that the beams are, you know, within you know within thousands of an inch or 10,000th of an inch or something. Probably not that small but
Jose Castaneda: If I could jump in, I think, from what I've seen, of like typical like industrial production level systems are usually enclosed. So I think this is more of like I guess a stopgap solution given that this is a development unit.
Right.
Papa K: Okay, yeah, I just don't you just kind of general questions because I've seen some of these kinds of systems were
Papa K: Some, some are somehow a lot of tolerance and and you can get away with the beings not being perfectly aligned
Papa K: And then we'll see like detector kind of things are not like laser light or anything. And then the other is that sometimes mechanical structures, especially
Papa K: Mechanical structures that are fast, together with nuts and bolts sometimes get out of alignment, you have to go back and kind of periodically to them up and score them.
Papa K: Thank you.
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Michael Thorburn: Well, thank you, team.
Michael Thorburn: It was very interesting presentation, our next presentation will start at 520 so we've got a short break.
Michael Thorburn: The next and final presentation for today is the do we solar district Cup Team.
Michael Thorburn: We
Michael Thorburn: Are very happy to hear that they made finals will be interesting to see what's transpired since then.
Michael Thorburn: Nevertheless, so stick around it. The presentation will start sharply at 520
Kurt MacNeil: I can say one thing to the to the UPS team. Just want to thank you all for your efforts if you're still on listening appreciate all the hard work you guys have done and definitely very detailed on your presentation. Thank
Jose Castaneda: You
Maan Dhawan: Thank you.
T. Fox: THANK YOU. Curt this T Fox appreciate you, sir.
Kurt MacNeil: I appreciate it.
Michael Thorburn: OKAY, UM, WELL, WELCOME BACK.
Michael Thorburn: Is the Expo.
Michael Thorburn: Or first virtual Expo.
Michael Thorburn: To the next
Michael Thorburn: The next team that will be speaking is the do we silver district Cup Team. This will be the final presentation.
Michael Thorburn: Today, we will have presentations from two until six every day. The rest of this week, you can use the same link that you got on today's presentation to enter any of the presentations later this week. Don't forget when you're done listening to a presentation to look for the the
Michael Thorburn: The evaluation form, it's a call trek survey is I'll post the link on the chat room if you need if you can't seem to find it needs your own copy to send me a note and I'll send you a copy of the link
Michael Thorburn: The students value your feedback SDI.
Michael Thorburn: If there are no initial questions then let me introduce this is the solar district.
Michael Thorburn: Cup Team, um, take it away.
Michael Thorburn: Go ahead, guys.
Daniel Davalos: Yeah, we're just working on the presentation right now set up.
Kevin Alavez: I'm sorry, is a presentation on your exam.
Kevin Alavez: Yes, we see enjoy. Sure, good, thanks for double check.
Daniel Davalos: Okay not showing on my head about that.
Daniel Davalos: Yeah, Kevin. For some reason it's not showing up.
Michael Thorburn: You have more than one screen.
Michael Thorburn: Broadcasting
Daniel Davalos: Okay.
Daniel Davalos: Let me open, open up to get the slides on my part and then
Daniel Davalos: Get it all ready
Brian Elhelou: Daniel. Do you want to leave the meeting and try joining again.
Daniel Davalos: Yeah, I'll do that instead. So if you guys could bear with me a little bit and I'll get back on again.
Michael Thorburn: soon. Bye.
Daniel Davalos: I guess.
Daniel Davalos: I guess I'll just have the procedure slides on my side. But if that's OK with everyone.
Michael Thorburn: You mean, you're just going to have them separate.
Daniel Davalos: Well, like, I'll be reading like I'll be having the slides on my computer because since mine is not showing up and I'll read it off it there.
Okay.
Daniel Davalos: Okay, thank you. So, good evening, everyone. Thank you all for coming. My name is Daniel Davos and I'm teaming up with no Bob Brian Kevin Gable and Mohammed, as well as with my advisor, Dr. Lance burger.
Daniel Davalos: We are doing the solar district up and makes life.
Daniel Davalos: So the solar district cup is a educational competition, which is hosted by the Department of Energy and so it actually helps challenge the students to help design a solar model and energy storage system for Campus urban district.
Daniel Davalos: Next slide.
Daniel Davalos: And so here we have the breakdown about each students are roles and responsibilities of what they incorporate as you can see when delivering our package we have
Daniel Davalos: Different forms such as the conceptual design distribution financial analysis and development and in the next slide. It just gives you a little more in depth overview of the breakdown of each individual deliverable package that we had to send to the competition of hero x
Daniel Davalos: And
Daniel Davalos: Next slide. You can, as you can see
Daniel Davalos: One of the district face that we have is Ball State University, which is actually a public research facility located in Muncie, Indiana.
Daniel Davalos: Next slide.
Daniel Davalos: And as you can see, the main objective for us for the university is to help design solar energy and PV system which maximizes the energy offset and financial savings over a 20 year period.
Daniel Davalos: And as you can see in the images outlined a red or the areas in which the university allows us to help design the PV system which are either on the rooftops on campus or the open field which will be having
Daniel Davalos: Next slide.
Daniel Davalos: And now I'm going to hand it over to Nobel who will go over the conceptual design.
Nobab Moinuddin: Hi everyone, my name is Noah and I'm in charge of the conceptual system design. Today I'll be giving you a summary of our PV system performance and site layout. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: So we've designed a large 3.5 megawatt ground mount PV system in the plot of land. North of Boston University.
Nobab Moinuddin: This site layout, which was modeled in Aurora solar software shows all of our solar panels inverters a transformer and our chosen battery, the Tesla mega pack.
Nobab Moinuddin: Amongst the countless simulations we performed this semester. This 3.5 megawatt PV system, you'll get the greatest energy offset and financial savings. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: The PV module, we decided to use for our design is a 330 Watt Polly Kristalina solar panel manufacturer by AXA tech
Nobab Moinuddin: It has an efficiency rating of 17% and using these panels are calculated system price per watt is $1 71 sense
Nobab Moinuddin: We made several other module considerations, but the X attack modules proved to be more cost effective are selected inverter was a string inverter rated for 15 kilowatts and manufactured by SME solar technology. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: Here's a summary of our site characteristics were installing 10,500 x the tech modules in a 7.5 acre area with the fixed panel tilt of 22 degrees.
Nobab Moinuddin: And the panels were laid out 48 inches apart so that shading from the next row would not be an issue and does power optimizes we're not required.
Nobab Moinuddin: This is also why only 56% of the area of land is utilized for for our solar panels. We wanted to ensure the best solar panel efficiency and avoid shading issues. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: Here's our system single line diagram, we have a total of 208 string inverters which will have its own sub array.
Nobab Moinuddin: And each sub array will have a maximum of 13 and a minimum of four modules per string conduits will branch out from each inverter and be embedded in the soil, leading to the main distribution line to provide solar power to Ball State. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: Here's a block diagram of our PV system we have our panels connected to a fuse disconnect, leading to the inverter and ultimately to the main AC panel downstream in the university own substation
Nobab Moinuddin: We also show the Tesla mega pack which is an impressive three megawatt hour three megawatt lithium ion battery storage unit.
Nobab Moinuddin: Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: And this is a summary of our simulation results. So for the purposes of this simulation and for comparison.
Nobab Moinuddin: We decided to use the energy consumption data for the oil complex, which is a housing facility at Boston University.
Nobab Moinuddin: Our PV system yields and annual production of more than 4 million kilowatt hours, resulting in a 67% annual energy offset will discuss in our financial analysis section just how much savings. This is generated from this installation. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: And so here's an hourly load profile for the nor complex for the year.
Nobab Moinuddin: peak energy consumption occurs around two to 3pm for them and reducing the energy consumption during these peak times
Nobab Moinuddin: And using the energy produced from our PV system will yield the greatest financial savings for policy University.
Nobab Moinuddin: Due to the way their monthly bills are calculated. Well, we'll discuss that more in a bit. Furthermore, with the introduction of the decimal mega pack.
Nobab Moinuddin: We can implement the peak shaving strategy and we set a threshold of 900 kilowatts for dinner complex and whenever the hourly consumption goes above that threshold, the battery will provide the rest of the power. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: Finally, here's the specs for our battery storage unit and the Tesla mega pack. We've made several other considerations for a battery. As you can see on the, the other three choices.
Nobab Moinuddin: But for our system, we only need one single
Nobab Moinuddin: Sorry before, but the mega pack was the best one for us and for our system, we only need one single mega pack unit, which has a usable capacity of three megawatt hours. It also has a 90% efficiency rating and hundred percent depth of discharge. Next slide please.
Nobab Moinuddin: And one of the benefits with the with the mega pack is that it requires 40% less space than a typical battery storage unit of this size.
Nobab Moinuddin: And 10 times your parts. So this modular system can be installed cheaper and faster than current systems.
Nobab Moinuddin: Going off of the peak shaving approach. I mentioned earlier the mega pack can discharge at times of peak capacity to reduce the peak loads and demands on the distribution infrastructure.
Nobab Moinuddin: And now I'll be handing it over to my teammates Kevin and Gabriel, who will provide a summary of the distribution system impact.
Gabriel Moran: Thinking about
Gabriel Moran: So the distribution system simulation analysis with tools that provides us useful information to attempt designing and operating the distribution systems.
Gabriel Moran: The comedy distribution use cases that we try to take advantage over peak load management impact a distributed generation storage evaluation distribution and automation design. Design it of protection is you know estimation operation and maintenance costs.
Gabriel Moran: Next seconds.
Gabriel Moran: So talking about over voltage by researching this when you go over voltage occurs when a supply voltage rises above the radio voltage other equipment or mortar.
Gabriel Moran: The Overwatch. It can cause excessive current flow as well as creating excessive voted stresses. So we try to mimic a simulator possible case such as that to our design.
Gabriel Moran: We try to use different software applications such as MATLAB, for example.
Gabriel Moran: But we we try to use Matlab toolbox that communicates with open DSS hoping it would make it simpler, but we couldn't get it to fully function, unfortunately.
Gabriel Moran: So we mainly focus on just using open BSS and the software is actually recommended to us by the competition. So I'm asking her, pass it off to Kevin will further explain his situation.
Kevin Alavez: You gave wrong. So as mentioned, open the status of the software simulation tool which allows us to evaluate what's going on within the distribution network.
Kevin Alavez: For this portion their product or go with us. Open the SS to model the PV and storage system, which was designed earlier in order to do this we had to run the base case.
Kevin Alavez: We need to run the base case. I was hired by PSU or Boston University and obtained the base data.
Kevin Alavez: Next, we would modify the code by adding voltage and thermal limits to then slowly code the PV system once I was done, we ran the simulate when that once that was done.
Kevin Alavez: We ran in compared to the base case you analyze any more or voltage issues, this would have to be repeated for the PV inverter case as source model case however there any violations, we would have to identify solution in order to resolve these issues.
Kevin Alavez: And prior to beginning, we needed to extend a distribution network. So therefore, new lines were added into the existing system with that would extend from West best avenue to Tilton Avenue.
Kevin Alavez: Afterwards, the TV parameters and we're incorporating to the software which are shown on the left image.
Kevin Alavez: However, after running our initial TV case we ran into issues and spent time attempting to find a solution in order to get a simulation to run correctly. However,
Kevin Alavez: With the with the limited resources that we had. We with the program, we weren't able to successfully run a simulation property to extend the results we had hoped for. We pass it on to Brian with financial analysis.
Brian Elhelou: Thank you, Kevin.
Brian Elhelou: For the financial analysis of our project. We first took a deep dive into how much the school is being charged for electricity usage and calculated their monthly bill from the data given to us. Exactly.
Brian Elhelou: The university is built by Indiana and Michigan utility company based on the gross meter readings and peak demand events at this substation
Brian Elhelou: As both purchasers of the electricity. They are charged at base rate derived from from one minute 15 block of time during the month with the most
Brian Elhelou: Extensive electrical usage DQ surge expressed unkillable amps is multiplied by $14 and 72 cents in order to determine their base rate for the month.
Brian Elhelou: Then their total months usage and kilowatt hours is multiplied by 1.088 cents per kilowatt hour and added to their base rate to determine their final bill for the month. Their greatest financial savings comes from reducing peak usage. Next slide please.
Brian Elhelou: As nobody mentioned, we focused our project on the oil residential building here's their monthly energy bill for the year. As you can see, the month of January and December, the most expensive monster, then
Brian Elhelou: January alone has over $52,000 we believe this is due to the here being on as Indiana gets very cold. During these notes.
Brian Elhelou: Next slide please.
Brian Elhelou: For our project. One of the competition rules, was that we had to use a PPA for our financial masses. What is a PPA
Brian Elhelou: A PPA is basically a way for the school to fund the project without paying anything stands for power purchase agreement.
Brian Elhelou: Basically, it's a form of alone were a developer designs permits finances and builds a system for the landowners, which is the PSU a Ball State University in this case and in return.
Brian Elhelou: Vs.
Brian Elhelou: The developer sells the power back to the landowner from from the system that produces at a cheaper rate than what they get charged with from the Indiana utility company and they paid this off in a 20 year period. Our final cost estimate we calculate it are shown below. Next slide please.
Brian Elhelou: We were able to lower BS use any electricity bill for the normal building by over $430,000 This yields almost $9 million over a 20 year period.
Brian Elhelou: We got our total cost down to a little under $6 million and with a 3.5 megawatt system again that is 1.71 dollars per watt.
Brian Elhelou: An order pay this system and exactly 20 years or a little bit less the project and have the project be financially worthwhile.
Brian Elhelou: We calculated that VC would need to negotiate a rate of 7.4 cents per kilowatt hour for their power purchase agreement with government grants and other tax incentives are savings or even greater. Next slide please.
Brian Elhelou: These are detailed breakdown of what our panels inverters Tesla batteries installation labor land permitting and other miscellaneous items. As you can see, eligible government incentives are $1.3 million
Brian Elhelou: In Indiana for big residential solar PV systems.
Brian Elhelou: State.
Brian Elhelou: Incentives, they don't get charged sales tax on their the equipment so that helped a lot. And as, as you can see there's some some more data there. Next slide please.
Brian Elhelou: With our system in place. Here's an estimation of what electricity vs use electricity bill would look after our system is installed for the North rebuilding. As you can see there are huge savings for January alone going down from 52,000 to a little over $2,000 for that month.
Brian Elhelou: April. They didn't even have a bill at all, because this is our system actually covered all their needs an X happens
Brian Elhelou: Finally, here are some more data, we got from our analysis, we use a software called system advisor model, short for Sam to compare our calculations and as you can see we we were pretty spot on. As the model spit out initial cost of $6 million, which
Brian Elhelou: matched our calculations. Now I'll pass it on to mo for the development construction plan.
Thank you.
Mohammed Alshshrani: Father developmental plan. We are going to use the federal space, not the campus based on our usage. We found that the land is sort of one place to another stone be the system then on this stuff and point 55 acres, which makes it perfect to
Mohammed Alshshrani: Which makes it perfect space to install 10,500 solar panels.
Mohammed Alshshrani: For the land use the total is the total amount of interest is seven point 55 acres and the direct line for the development of the BB system is four point 26 acres
Mohammed Alshshrani: The land the land use this 56.4% so as my friend know Bob mentioned our PV system is 3.5 megawatts. Next slide.
Mohammed Alshshrani: For this one, there's only supposed to be initials on
Mohammed Alshshrani: The line is an open staple on a clock that for development or PV system will be generating of your energy to the university, I know I'll be handling for my friend.
Danny.
Daniel Davalos: Thank you. So in conclusion, and you can actually see that we successfully designed a 3.5 megawatt PV system by incorporating the Tesla mega pack were able to actually meet those competition requirements.
Daniel Davalos: As well as we were able to help the Ball State University, just say to have a financial savings within the 20 years period. And because of this, it says that we have Castillo leg was actually ranked one of the finalists inside the solar district Cup competition.
Daniel Davalos: And another thing that we want to showcase for you guys is even though it's beyond the scope of our project or senior design. We did like this, a community service project that our advisor, Dr. Landsberg has told us about. So Kevin, if you may.
Daniel Davalos: So the project that we did is called the solar home model project and what it is that is supposed to give us the hands on opportunity to build like a miniature PV system.
Daniel Davalos: As well as to give us like a better understanding and foundation of, like, of how we have our PV system how that's gonna work.
Daniel Davalos: So as you can see here on the picture you can see that the there's a poly Hadrian structure mounted with a to 100 wall 12 volt solar panels which is going to contribute the power into our system. Next slide.
Daniel Davalos: So as you can see here the PV within the panels will go through like a partial charge controller. From there, the charge controller will be able to meet her out into the batteries which are parallel in series.
Daniel Davalos: And this these batteries will be able to give energy through inside the inverter and with the inverter will be able to incorporate household appliances, which will portray as our load to our PV system. Next slide.
Daniel Davalos: So as a result of using the 600 wall hairdryer. We can see that I actually dropped our voltage level below 30 volts, it actually marked up the current from the controller due to the voltage drop and this reading gave us about like somewhere between 510 to 520 watts. Next slide.
Daniel Davalos: So when we turn the dryer off. We just realized that it dropped the power from the inverter and the voltage actually came back up.
Daniel Davalos: Which was recovered from the battery bank from the heavy load and because of the power that was heavily charged with the controller. It was able to compensate from the last that we had and return it back to his original state.
Daniel Davalos: Thank you so much for you guys listening to our presentation. Do you guys have any questions.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, thank you. Team. Um, we have as much time for questions is
Michael Thorburn: People want to stick around. So, um, who would like to go first. Be sure and unmute your microphone.
Ted: I got a couple questions. This is Ted
Michael Thorburn: Well,
Ted: Did you guys have any project requirements on the ball state.
Ted: Power system in my city requirements like you know the the maximum surface area, you could possibly use that
Ted: Operation temperatures at the system that can survive, how long it had to live for lifetime that affects a lot of things. What kind of voltages and had to provide
Ted: So they give you some kind of requirements for the project that you had to kind of fit within and and you have to meet those requirements or did you meet those requirements.
Nobab Moinuddin: Hi, this is no Bob. Yes. So they did the competition. And we'll see University provided us a document which had all the requirements that that they wanted
Nobab Moinuddin: They provided for us information regarding their distribution system which we, and they also provided for us a template for their distribution network which we incorporate into a software called open DSS
Nobab Moinuddin: Not only that, they allocated land for us that they would like us to do some TV design and they did mentioned to us that they have this plot of land north of campus in which students are encouraged to design a large ground mount system.
Nobab Moinuddin: We took several different approaches we tried some of their roof top areas we tried
Nobab Moinuddin: The ground mount system as well. And in ultimately our grandma system yielded the greatest
Nobab Moinuddin: The greatest savings for the school.
Nobab Moinuddin: So, so yeah, they did have a bunch of requirements in the document. They provided for us and we do our best to to address those and
Nobab Moinuddin: Thankfully, you know, and also we're very proud to mention we already mentioned this, we made it as finalists in this competition we actually presented last week, I think I was on Sunday. And then, you know, they were they thanked us. We were very proud to be part of this educational experience.
Ted: Yeah, a couple more questions. So we chose to use the field. The real estate in the field, as opposed to say roof tops or overhead parking structures and in, why not use roof tops on the buildings, because that's already wasted real estate space, so to speak, as opposed to use a new ground.
Ted: And it brings the power closer to where you're using
Nobab Moinuddin: That is true. But for the building that we were looking at the building and question they actually did not have they had a lot of
Nobab Moinuddin: How do I do it there. There was a lot of air conditioning units on their roof tops like their, their roof top real estate was not
Nobab Moinuddin: You know, it did not meet the needs for the consumption of the building that we were looking at. And so we opted for the ground mount system and we also thought that it would be a much more interesting approach to design
Ted: Or
Ted: You chose a angle of 20 degrees for your solar panels. Well that based on
Nobab Moinuddin: Okay, so we use a software called Aurora solar
Nobab Moinuddin: And in that software, it produces our simulations for us. Once we do the model the PV system model and
Nobab Moinuddin: So I'm I'm checking up on our performance summary table. Okay, so it gave us
Nobab Moinuddin: So the way the software gives us results is that it calculates for us, our monthly production and it gives us our energy offset percentage
Nobab Moinuddin: But not only that, it gives us performance values. So there's a percentage of loss that can be in the system. So depending on how we designed our system, we can have a. So let's say we have the tilt at 40 degrees.
Nobab Moinuddin: We had a 16% loss in
Nobab Moinuddin: In performance and then compared to with our 22 degree tilt, we only had a 1.4% loss in our system PV system performance. So we were just doing a bunch of experimentation and to see what would be best. And we also spaced out the panels far enough so that
Nobab Moinuddin: You know, like we can't put the panels, you know, completely side by side and use it the entire land full of full with just the panels, because there's also requirements and clearances that we have to meet as well for installation.
Ted: So what season is that optimized for that applies for summer.
Nobab Moinuddin: This is for a year round. So this is for annual
Nobab Moinuddin: And
Nobab Moinuddin: So because this there's no tracking system with these PV panels, it would actually make the system cost much more expensive.
Nobab Moinuddin: If we added some tracking so that the panels tilted depending on the season. And so that's why 22 degrees tilt is what we had to go for because they're going to be fixed. These modules are going to be fixed.
Ted: So you're assuming the percentage performance every month, the year, but in, you know, January through March and get huge snow loads in the snow drifts made probably cover up those panels. How do you, how do you deal with
Nobab Moinuddin: That, that's correct. So we did look into ball states weather and and and also
Nobab Moinuddin: Sorry. Give me one moment. Okay, so in our, in our reports we have actually a lot more that went into the project, such as shading analysis battery charge and discharge cycle and lots of Excel forms that we didn't really show here but
Nobab Moinuddin: The panels are going to be on like a ballast. So it's not as it's not it's going to be pole mounted so you're going to have one single pole when it's going to be about four feet from the, from the ground. And so if it snows, the snow is not going to you know get in the way.
Nobab Moinuddin: Of the panels. These X 10 modules that we selected are able to do that they're able to be lifted up.
Ted: Yeah, I agree. It's like it's a bit like a rooftop rooftop get snow lows build up on it. I mean, we're we're putting in panels down by the equator and we're at
Ted: 23 degrees averaging over all the seasons and when I was at Purdue, we had solar panels, but they were really canted steep, not only going to keep the snow off, but because the sun was so far down on rising
Ted: You know, mid seasons, the winter. It's really low. And because, you know, Indiana, very far north. So the numbers seem a little you know these that seems a little optimistic me but
Ted: But it's based on your simulation. So I guess.
Ted: I had just one more question. You have the Tesla battery packs and your site. It says you take all the way down to 100% debt to discharge and I symbols or lithium ion batteries, but how long can those batteries live when you completely depleted.
Ted: When you take them down to 100% that means there's no zero state of charge, and these are completely flat.
Nobab Moinuddin: So, so there's actually a warranty for the Tesla mega pack batteries. Those are that warranty is for 10 years and our analysis is within a 20 year period.
Nobab Moinuddin: And so we took into account in our financial analysis as well. Equipment replacement costs and even with those considerations. Oh, and not only that, where this mega pack.
Nobab Moinuddin: Is actually just one single battery storage unit.
Nobab Moinuddin: Which is its large but it will fulfills our it, it reduces
Nobab Moinuddin: The
Nobab Moinuddin: The monthly bill for Boston University, um,
Ted: Yeah, the questions on depth to discharge. How far
Ted: Battery.
Nobab Moinuddin: Before it's a genuine, sorry.
Ted: The questions on lithium ion battery that symbolism lithium ion batteries, but really discharge them 100% every day.
Nobab Moinuddin: So,
Ted: The last lesson, a couple weeks.
Brian Elhelou: That's what else was claiming from their website. We're just using their data on the batteries. It might be exaggerated in their advertisement. But that's just what we used also regarding regarding your 22 degrees question.
Brian Elhelou: Mobile made this clear from our simulation, we actually, we have to put in our location of the university and it's an that's where we kind of got that degrees tilt angle degree from it just average US
Brian Elhelou: From their seasoning. And from there, whether in the software they gave us they spit out certain number of degrees and we just
Brian Elhelou: Experimented a lot with it.
Brian Elhelou: And regarding the snow build up. I added in my financial report a little extra
Brian Elhelou: maintenance costs wise, just for for that reason if when it comes winter time they got to get the snow office solar panels, they would
Ted: So somebody over there in broad brush and get a battery number some very fishy just never heard of battery system that could take down that very conservatively.
Ted: The power systems we put in Mexico. We only take those down 20% and we get about five, you know, in five years life out of the batteries.
Ted: At 20% debt to discharge so hundred percent would probably be the pride destroy the batteries in a few weeks. In fact, if we actually have
Ted: We have destroyed 30 batteries.
Ted: Because they're allowed to get down flat. So that's that numbers a little suspicious to me. But again, maybe there's more to the story and maybe you're not really discharging the batteries.
Ted: 100% you're taking 100% of the available power that Tesla's allowing you to us, and they're still allowing
Ted: At battered be charged up 70% but they just don't tell you how your cell phone works.
Ted: Better, but yet it doesn't really go to
slandsb: Ted, this is
slandsb: This is this is Sam in speaking. Yeah, two things. One, I don't know if you're using lithium ion. They're. They're designed, of course, for very deep discharge compared to a
slandsb: lead acid or a glass matrix type that's obviously a very distinctive aspect of them are They couldn't be used in electric
slandsb: Vehicles they're protected about 10 times over against over discharge. So when they say 100% discharge. That's probably going between 80% and 20% of full capacity.
slandsb: They simply don't let you over discharge those things like you could say a lead acid or something. And I think that on the question of the 22 degree panel.
slandsb: I think woven into the assessment that they're Aurora software gives them is the fact that they're trying to make optimum use of a given fixed amount of space with panels. So, of course,
slandsb: If you tune it to the latitude, you get a much steeper panel inclination, but then obviously you then have to space. The panels much further apart.
slandsb: So you play a game of optimization between how close you space them and increase the, the number of panels and how
slandsb: Steep you have them and get the most out of each panel. And I think that's where that the 22 degrees comes out is that balance between making optimal use of a given amount of acreage
slandsb: And getting the most out of each panel. That's my, that's my guess is what that optimization schemes doing
Ted: All right. Okay. Very good.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, other questions.
Chris Bachman: I had a question. You mentioned for the power purchase agreement that Ball State University would be purchasing the power at seven cents a kilowatt hour was that was that. Right.
Brian Elhelou: 7.4 cents.
Chris Bachman: So, but don't they buy it from the grid at one second or two cents.
Brian Elhelou: That's that's after their base charge
Chris Bachman: So that is what's like there or they pay on average.
Chris Bachman: Kind of thing I
Brian Elhelou: Don't know the exact total I can
Brian Elhelou: Slide
Chris Bachman: More than seven cents. I'm guessing.
Brian Elhelou: Yes, yeah.
Chris Bachman: I was kind of curious. So did you guys try doing difference because I think the first thing you do is like hey, how many howdy megawatts of solar panels. Do we think we want to
Chris Bachman: Use here. Did you try using different like overall site like power capacity for the panels to see which one safe. Which one was the best in terms of cost.
Chris Bachman: Or do you kind of stick with the 3.5 just to fill the space and then and then kind of see the costs, costs after that.
Chris Bachman: Because I, yeah, I wasn't, I wasn't, I couldn't tell if you had some, you know, different. Have you considered some different sizes or you just kind of build it and kind of said let's let's see what we can do it that
Brian Elhelou: We did we actually, we went and looked at some power, the company for solar panels. They had a bunch of cases for a bunch of universities including San Jose.
Brian Elhelou: And Long Beach and some other Arizona State, Inc. And we took a look at how much
Brian Elhelou: Their overall cost was and what how many panels, they installed.
Brian Elhelou: On given the land space that they used it on and then compared with their offset was for the energy usage and then I think mobile can answer some more regarding that as well.
Nobab Moinuddin: Yeah, so we did look at several power.
Nobab Moinuddin: We did look at several modules PV modules and the two main ones that we came down to was the one that we used x attack and the other one like Brian mentioned the Sun Power core panel.
Nobab Moinuddin: But then the the main difference between those two panels, was that one thing
Chris Bachman: About the three point you chose like 3.5 megawatts.
Chris Bachman: And then with battery. I was thinking, could you go maybe to megawatts. And then you wouldn't need the batteries and so maybe it would make out on a per kilowatt hour
Chris Bachman: out pretty good. Maybe. So I was just wondering, is there some. Is there something like some some play around. You could do with that.
Nobab Moinuddin: So yeah, that is true. But the reason why we did include this batteries, because it was a requirement by the competition.
Nobab Moinuddin: They wanted us to, you know, incorporate the energy storage and learn about it as well. So our approach was
Nobab Moinuddin: Because we only have a 67% energy offset. We're not completely. We're not producing the same amount of power that this building is consuming
Nobab Moinuddin: And so our approach was to just reduce their monthly bills and this the battery storage will help do some peak shaving. So, let's say, and on any given day they're consuming let's say 1500 kilowatts.
Nobab Moinuddin: And so the way their monthly bills are calculated is that they take the highest peak value that was generated within a 15 minute interval. And then they multiply it by $14 so if any point 15 minute interval and that day.
Nobab Moinuddin: Let's say it was the peak value was like 1500 kilowatts, they're going to charge 1500 times $14 and 76 cents and then add that to
Nobab Moinuddin: To the base rate. And let's say we during two to 3pm is there is their peak times and we use kicking the battery storage during that time to reduce the peak load their monthly energy bill will be much lower. And so that was our approach that we took. As for more information on the battery.
Nobab Moinuddin: You know, Tesla. Tesla's power wall is a very commercially viable and then the mega pack is a more is a less known
Nobab Moinuddin: battery storage unit. But it's very powerful and we did actually try to approach them of with our questions. But then, you know, due to the recent events they actually haven't even gotten back to us. So we tried to do our best. You know, to create a nice PV system with energy storage.
Brian Elhelou: This week,
Brian Elhelou: We also use the batteries.
Brian Elhelou: Dr lens river actually gave us an idea where since they get charged on their peak kilowatt hour usage. We thought we can use
Brian Elhelou: A store some electricity from the utility company at night when the peaks are a lot lower, and we can start the batteries that way. And then we can compensate off their energy usage and their bill.
Chris Bachman: Doesn't score. They had a it's really interesting to see their the way they purchase power and see some of the strategies you guys you guys implemented all
Chris Bachman: Those. Very cool. So I like I like how you guys took a lot of different strategies and really kind of different aspects of the project. So
Nobab Moinuddin: Thanks so much.
Chris Bachman: Nice job, and then gone the extra mile to go and present
Chris Bachman: I think that was really cool.
Brian Elhelou: Thank you.
Papa K: Nice Nice work.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, are there any other questions.
Michael Thorburn: Okay, well thank you team. It was very interesting presentation. This concludes our presentations for today, but come back tomorrow, two o'clock.
Michael Thorburn: Or any day this week between two and six.
Michael Thorburn: We've got a four more days.
Michael Thorburn: 24 more presentations to go
Michael Thorburn: Okay.
Papa K: All right.
Michael Thorburn: Forget to use the call trick survey and and offer some feedback to us. We certainly appreciate that.
slandsb: Thanks everybody and thanks
slandsb: To the students. They did an amazing job, give it that they couldn't even get together personally to
slandsb: Conduct all this teamwork for the for the crunch time. So I thought, I think they did an amazing job.
Papa K: Yeah.
Papa K: Good job, everyone.
Gabriel Moran: Thank you.
Papa K: See you guys tomorrow.
Chris Bachman: Tomorrow, thank
slandsb: You. Bye bye. La.
Chris Bachman: So Gabriel, when do you hear back if you want or not.
Gabriel Moran: We already actually know the results and for our actual case, we knew
