At March 31st, 1727 and after a lot of agonies,
the death took the life of one of
the greatest geniuses of universal history:
Isaac Newton.
His body was buried in Westminster Abbey, London.
According to some stories, Voltaire. one of the most important
figures of Illustration who was at London
was overwhelmed at the way that London honored
a mathematician the same way that other nations honored a king.
This is reflected in the epitaph of his grave which says:
"Here is buried Isaac Newton, Knight, who by a strength of mind almost divine,
and mathematical principles peculiarly his own,
explored the course and figures of the planets,
the paths of comets,
the tides of the sea,
the dissimilarities in rays of light, and, what no other scholar has previously imagined,
the properties of the colors thus produced.
Diligent, sagacious and faithful,
in his expositions of nature,
antiquity and the Holy Scriptures,
he vindicated by his philosophy the majesty of God mighty
and good and expressed the simplicity of the Gospel in his manners.
Mortals rejoice that there has existed such
and so great an ornament of the human race!"
He was born on 25th December 1642, and as I said,
died on 20th March 1727.
Having in mind how he changed the world forever
and we are sure that he did exist.
We should celebrate Easter 1 month earlier.
The universe is ruled by scientific laws
and you can create models to help us describe it.
So we can say that the universe is comprehensible.
The first law described with mathematical language was gravity.
Published by Newton at 1687.
This changed a lot the intellectual life of the era
because it demonstrates for the first time that, at least,
one aspect of the universe could be modeled precisely and
he created the mathematical machinery to do it.
Saying that there were Nature laws was the reason
that only half of a century before
Galileo was condemned.
This idea didn't just change the science paradigm forever
but the way we see the world,
the universe and the reality itself,
that is why and because of more things that I will tell you,
this is
5 FACTS: GRAVITY.
The first law.
Before Newton invented gravity
you had to drink the food with a straw,
every time someone went out had to stick to the ground
and the apples levitate from trees.
They got in through the window and hit Mathematicians here and there.
When Aristotle wrote his cause and effect theory
exposed that everything that happens needs to be provoked by another thing,
so he thought that there was a force
that attracted us to the center of the universe,
that way back then
was our loved earth,
and that everything revolved around.
More or less right, this was the first theory of gravity.
22 Centuries after, Copernicus fucked with peoples beliefs
and claimed that the sun was the center of the universe
he repaired the first mistake of Aristotle but after he started saying stupid things again.
They didn't know anything else than the solar system,
but at least it left us the Heliocentrism,
theory that later will be retouched by Galileo and Kepler.
Nowadays and thanks to Isaac we know that gravity
is a force which bodies attract each other.
This force keeps us glued to the earth
and will decelerate anything we throw upwards
when it falls,
its velocity will increase with an acceleration of 9.8 m/s
at least is like that here on earth
and in the International Spacial Station too,
which have a gravity very similar to earth.
But because they are in a constantly free fall
looks like zero gravity.
Fun facts.
The nature of Laws.
As I said in the "5 FACTS REALITY" video,
the first thinker to propose in a rigorous way the
laws of nature was René Descartes
everything was fine until he realized
that he could limit God´s authority
that could bring you a huge problem like Galileo´s.
So to get away with it he affirmed that the Laws
are unalterable because they are a reflection of God´s nature itself.
Although was easier to say that he could create
an infinity of worlds with different rules.
But apparently it was getting late and he didn't want to miss the movie.
A similar thing happened with Newton
and got a considerable acceptance of the modern concept
of the scientific law with his 3 laws of movement
plus the incorporation of the law of gravity.
With these laws, he describes the planets orbit,
the moon, or how the tides worked.
And formed the mathematical frame around it,
a fundamental thing in our educational development.
Quoting Alexander Pope
“Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night:
God said, Let Newton be! and all was light.”
But one day Albert realize that for gravity to
be compatible with relativity
there has to retouch some things up.
According to Newton, at every instant,
the objects are attracted to each other by a force
that depends on the distance between them at a certain moment.
But with the theory of general relativity,
there is no absolute time anymore.
So there was no way to know at what instant the
distances between masses had to be measured.
That is why Newton's  Gravity wasn't consistent with
the Spacial Relativity and needed to be changed.
Even if this looks like an easy thing to fix,
Einstein took 11 years to formulate a new theory of gravity
based on the proposal that the space-time is not flat
but bent by the mass and energy that it contains.
The general relativity.
A pillar of the last scientific revolution.
The laws which condemned God.
The universe can contend because of the existence of laws and it can be modeled.
The gravity, for example, was the first of these laws.
In modern sciences nature´s laws are formulated
in mathematical terms, they can be
exact or approximated but need to accomplish with no exception.
According to Plato and Aristotle,
the laws can´t be changed
but in the Biblical point of view,
God created the laws and you can pray to change them,
cure a disease,
give an end to a drought,
transform Dota into an Olimpic Sport.
In the other hand according to Kepler, Galileo, Descartes or Newton
the laws were the work of God as the incarnation of nature´s laws,
although you endow God with other attributes like the old testament.
This was nothing but replace one mystery with another
because a miracle would be the exception of the laws.
But, How does the universe appears from nowhere?
Because the gravity is attractive,
the gravitational energy is negative,
the earth gravitational energy is smaller than a
millionth part of the positive energy
that constitutes the earth.
A star will have more negative gravitational energy,
but before the gravitational energy surpasses
the positive energy of the matter,
they collapse forming a black hole.
And black holes have a positive energy
that is why the empty space is stable.
They cant appear out of nowhere, but the universe can.
The gravity gives form to space and time
and allows the space-time to be stable,
but globally unstable so the positive energy
of the matter can be countered
with the negative gravitational energy.
That is why there is no restriction to the creation of universes.
As I said before,
thanks to a law like gravity law the universe can be
and be created out of nowhere.
In summary, we could design a model
that says that the chair disappears when we walk out
of the room and appears again when we walk back in.
But that would be irresponsible because if the roof falls off,
how would we explain why the chair appears broken between the debris.
The chair stills existing.
That is a more simplistic model and that is all that we ask for.
The universe of nothing chapter II: The revenge of the unifiers.
When I introduced you to the Big Bang theory
in past videos I told you that both the quantum
and the relativity theory failed to explain the initial spark.
During centuries this two theories coexisted
but never got unified.
While the relativity explains the gravity and therefore,
world, generally speaking, quantum physics describes
atoms and elemental particles as quarks and bosons,
particles that all matter is formed of.
Into the limits of both of these theories,
they work perfectly,
but if we go to the sides of it,
at a really small scale,
for example, Planck scale,
space and time stop having meaning.
This happens in black holes as far as we know,
the Big Bang.
According to Daniel Oriti from Albert Einstein Institute
"We can describe the movement of water thanks to Hydrostatic,
but if we want to analyze the individual atoms that form it,
we need to use the quantum mechanics".
The same thing happens with the outer space atoms
so we need a new theory,
Quantum Gravity.
In Einstein´s Relativity, space is a continuous thing
but according to Oriti it can break into tiny elemental cells
and apply to it the principles of quantum physics,
therefore, explaining the space between them and the theory of relativity.
An idea that could unify them.
With this, the only thing left to explain
is how does the universe evolve starting from elemental cells.
Another try to unify them was the Supergravity one.
But adding the adjective "Super" doesn't mean
that can defeat Thanos.
It refers to a sort of Symmetry this theory has:
the supersymmetry,
in physics, a system is symmetrical if its properties
aren't affected by a transformation, for example, the rotation.
If we flip a token, looks exactly the same,
the supersymmetry is more of a subtle kind of symmetry,
here, both the force and matter are two angles of the same thing,
therefore, every particle of matter should
have a companion matter, a force particle,
the important thing is that if the success of
both of the theories keep going the researchers could explain
the expansion of the universe after the Big Bang,
so as the nature of the dark energy.
As Obi-Wan said in A" new hope":
"May the force be with you, always".
As far as we know there are four fundamental forces in nature:
Gravity, Electromagnetism
and the weak and strong nuclear forces,
despite a lot of people imagine,
the gravity force is the weakest of all four of them,
and assuming that it is a force,
anyway, that is not something that stops being amazing.
That is why I think that is right to understand a couple of topics that I treated in past videos.
As we said before, the mass of a body like earth or sun,
affect spacetime blending it,
bending the space also implicates bending time.
Therefore, after a lot of theoretical smog,
I decided it was right to tell you some ways that time travel is possible.
The first option would be an Einstein–Rosen bridge,
or better known, a Wormhole.
According to Einstein´s Relativity,
the hole could work as a bridge connecting
two very distant points, some sort of a shortcut,
something like I explained in the 5 FACTS TIME video with the ant example.
According to the theory if we could accelerate
one of the hole´s pit almost as lightspeed
and after reverting the process leaving it back where it was
while the other entry stays still,
the moving entry will get old faster than the other one
thanks to the Time dilation effect,
as you may think, this method is not impossible,
but is really hard to do it,
we would have to know how to create wormholes
and we could only go to the past in the point where it was created,
having no chances to go out looking for our new pet at the Jurassic period,
on the other hand, we would need to know
how to move the pit as fast as the speed light,
but well, we would take care of that when we accomplish the first thing.
The second option is a little easier,
when a star collapses into itself,
in a point of infinite density,
a black hole is created,
because of its density they are able to bend the space a lot and dilate time,
then we would only need to create a space shift
that rotates really fast through the horizon of successes of a black hole
and returns back to earth,
that would make us fly really fast into the future
or like the "Planet of the Apes" have a trip through the galaxy and go back to earth.
To wrap this up there is a third possibility,
the most possible above all.
Finding a time traveler and ask him what did he do.
But we know about the discussion about time travelers,
so for better let's keep away from that.
I talked about gravity in the 5 FACTS REALITY reflection so
to not be repetitive I will take some freedom.
Why laws are like we describe?
Because they are consistent and must predict finite results to measurable magnitudes.
It is not an opinion of reality,
it is an observation of it,
the scientific observation.
In the world, there is only observation and deduction.
We are propense to poverty and fairy tales
we put the few cents we have left in a basket,
I do not want to generalize but what is the difference
between them and the people who spend what they do not have gambling.
Doing some math, they would realize that the numbers are against them,
and the people are so fragile that they prefer
to drop a coin in the wishing well before buying food.
They do not want to sit alone reading a manual,
they just do not want to be alone,
they want to enjoy the community and the Commonwealth,
but if the Commonwealth has to create fairy tales,
no one would win anything.
Can you imagine what would people do if they hadn't faith?
A show of murder and debauchery.
The exact same thing that they do nowadays but without covering,
because if the only thing that makes a person decent
is the expectation of a divine award,
then, at the end of the day, that person is not so decent at all.
There are a lot of people that join a group
to tell stories that violate every universe law to make it through the day.
What does that says about our reality,
so one person looked at the sun and said to the other person:
"He said that you have to give me your part".
It is catharsis, they absorb his fear with narration
and their tells are effective proportional to the certitude they can project.
According to some Anthropologists,
religion is a language virus,
they rewrite certain paths on the brain,
they lull the critical thinking.
We all fall in the life´s trap,
a deep certainty that things will be different,
you will move to another city and meet new people
that will be your friends for the rest of your life,
that you will fall in love and you will feel complete,
accomplished, a closure.
Two jars that save an unspeakable torment.
Nothing is never finished completely
and closure never ends.
The light at the end of the tunnel fallacy,
that is what they sell,
Increase your illusion capacity
and tell you that it is a virtue,
the truth is that they make a lot of money doing that,
we all are part of it.
It is a desperate sense of the right:
everything is for me.
Me.
Me.
Me.
I.
I.
I am so important.
I am that important, Right?
Fuck you.
