a large number
the radioactive isotopes released by the
disruption Fukushima dai-ichi
nuclear power plant grossly contaminated
Japanese mainland.
also these radionuclides new flights that short
half-lives
sunday would essentially disappear in a
matter of days or months
for many those who were exposed to them
there will be major health consequences
over there are some radioactive elements
that will not rapidly disappear
is disease long liberated by its will
remain today deeply affect the health of
all complex life forms
are so slim. chief among them a cesium
137
which is taken on special significance
in
because it's proven to be the most
abundant along the brand new playwrights
has remained in the environment
following the nuclear disasters a
Chernobyl and Fukushima there's a
30-year radioactive half-life
which is why persist in the environment
scientists now believe there will be one
hundred and eighty three hundred twenty
years
for the cesium 137 around the destroyed
Chernobyl reactor actually disappears
from the environment
cesium is water soluble and quickly
makes its way into souls in waters
at the same time make families potassium
in a min exit acting as a macronutrient
quickly becomes ubiquitous in
contaminated eco-systems
is distributed by the catastrophic
accidents at nuclear power plants
because large quantities so volatile
radioactive cesium builds up inside the
fuel rods
nuclear reactors. That's any accident the
nuclear reactor caused by the fuel rods
to rupture melter burn will cause a
release
radioactive cesium gas. long-lived
radionuclides
such as cesium 137 or something new
to us as a species.
They did not exist on earth and any
appreciable quantities
thing entire evolution of complex life
although it is although they are
invisible to our senses
their millions of times for poisonous
and mostly common poisons we're familiar
with
because cancer leukemia, genetic
mutations
birth defects, now from agents in
abortions at concentrations almost below
human recognition and comprehension
their lethal at the atomic molecular
level
the mid radiation visible forms that
matter and energy that we might compare
to fire
because radiation burns destroys human
tissue but unlike the fire
fossil fuels the nuclear fire that is
his fourth from radioactive elements
cannot be extinguished.
Is not a fire that be scattered or
suffocated because the burns at the
atomic level.
That comes from the disintegration a
single atoms. First radio activity is a
term which indicates how many
radioactive atoms are disintegrating in
a time period.
The measure the intensity a radio
activity by the radius integrations and
the energy to produce.
One Bequerel all it simple for one
atomic disintegration for second.
One curie as defined a set amount of
any radioactive material
what the K at a rate of $37 billion
disintegration spur second
so one curie really was $37 billion becquerel Bq.
Sometimes these man-made radio networks
compared to naturally occurring
radionuclides such as potassium
40 which is always found bananas and
other fruits
Over this is a false comparison so it's
naturally occurring radioactive elements
are very weakly radioactive
And the charge from the Webster and
green up there
the radio activity is described as a
specific activity
know the potassium 40 as a specific
activity of 71
10 million so a curie per gram compare
that to the ADA hyères
program for cesium 137. It's like
comparing a sticker that dynamite to an
atomic bomb.
Highly radioactive fission products such
as cesium 137 stretch in ninety admit
$10 to $20 million times more radiation
per unit volume that does potassium 14
so which one of these would you rather
have your bananas.
Is in fact the amount of cesium 137
deposited per square kilometer plan
that defines the degree to which in
areas classified as being too
radioactive to work for live.
When they get an idea the extreme
toxicity of cesium 137.
I considering how little love it is
required to make a large area of land
uninhabitable
the lands that were grossly contaminated
by the destruction of the Chernobyl
nuclear power plant a
are classified by the number of carries
a radiation per square kilometer
for 3,840 square miles away in
contaminated with 15 to 40 carries a
radiation per square kilometer
these lands are considered strict
radiation dose control zones
the 1100 square mile uninhabitable
exclusion zone that surrounds it
destroyed Chernobyl reactor
has greater than 40 carries a radio
activity per square kilometer.
For those more familiar square miles
that would be a 104 curies per square
mile.
Consider again the one gram a cesium 137
as eighty acres a radio activity
that's as little as 1.30 per gram a
cesium 137
made in the microparticles distributed
as a smoker gas
over in the area once cared square
kilometer will make that square
kilometer uninhabitable.
Lesson 2 grams a cesium 137 a piece
smaller than american dime.
It made in the microparticles unevenly
distributed over as a radioactive gas
over an area once per mile
AlterNet square mile into an
uninhabitable radioactive exclusion zone.
Central Park in New York City can be
made uninhabitable
by two grams of microparticles a cesium
137.
Hard to believe that no remember these
nuclear poisons are lethal at the atomic
level.
There's many atoms o1 gramma cesium 137
as our greens is standing on the beaches
in the world
has 10 to 21 atoms tentatively
21st power 01482 really know them which
the centers of power disintegrating
every second.
releasing invisible nuclear energy so
this works out to about one and a half
million disintegration spur square meter.
you can see how this works then
thing clued in its first lied to said
note the immense into towards a cesium
137 150 million curies
be located in a nearby spent fuel pool
Indian Point nuclear power plant which
is
about 40 miles from nearby road and less
than that as a radioactive cloud flies.
Many of the 104 US nuclear the
commercial nuclear power reactors and
power plants have been
more than 100 million curies a cesium
137 in their spent fuel pools.
As many times more than spent pools at
Fukushima
so now we have some idea of the extreme
taxes the it cesium 137
what's it look at the extent of the
contamination at the Japanese mainland.
It's now know that the reactors 1238
Fukushima dai-ichi on the offer down
another through the seal reactor vessels
within a few days following the
earthquake and tsunami on March 11
2011. This was not made public by their
TEPCO or the japanese government for two
months.
The greatest amounts of highly
radioactive gases released shortly after
the meltdowns.
And eighty percent at this gas released
by the actors believe their travel away
from japan over the Pacific.
For the remaining 20 percent was
dispersed over the Japanese mainland
On March 11th US National Nuclear
Security Administration are for the
service and 842 aerial measuring system
the Japanese and US governments
the National atmospheric release
Advisory Centre the Lawrence Livermore
Lab
set up to provide atmospheric modeling
projections
The next two slides were produced by
Lawrence Livermore were presumably given
to the japanese government.
On March 14th the easterly winds which
have been blowing a highly radioactive
gases and aerosols coming from Fukushima
to see, shifted it puts the radioactive
plume back over the Japanese mainland.
You can see the progress and that the
red to indicates the radioactive
plume.
Know that the images indicate that the
plume first one South over Tokyo,
then reversing when north as the wind
changes all the areas where the
radioactive gas pass road
over were contaminated however the
heaviest contamination occurred a
rainfall
a where were rained out and this is a
account for the patchy deposition
appropriate follow-up.
Eight months after the disaster the
japanese Finance Ministry released this
map.
That's the one with the would see would
be on your right
which shows that 11580 square miles
its 30,000 square kilometers which
represents 13 percent the Japanese
mainland have been contaminated with
long-lived radioactive cesium.
But that the official map does not know
any cesium 137 contamination the Tokyo
metropolitan area.
Unlike an unofficial survey done about
the same time by Professor you feel
Hayakawa of Gunma university given the
fact the japanese government TEPCO
denied for two months that any meltdowns
at
had occurred pro-consumer one must look
at all official data with a healthy
degree of skepticism.
4500 square miles or earlier today word
seveny seven hundred square miles
which is a area larger the size of
Connecticut
was found to have radiation levels that
exceeded japan's previously allowable
expose array to when millisieverts per
year
whether to evacuate the Serie Japan
chose to raise is acceptable radiation
exposure rate by twenty times
phone 1,000,000 you for 20 millisieverts
per year.
Over approximately three others were
miles adjacent to the story could be
seen reactors for so contaminated that
they were declared uninhabitable
159,000 japanese were evicted from this
radioactive exclusion zone
buser homes property in businesses and
most have received only small
compensation
to cover the cost so they're living as
evacuees.
Note here that the greater use for
evacuations the millisievert it's not a
measured quantity of radiation per unit
area that I describe such as secure your
becquerel.
Whether the sievert is a calculated
quantity it's
calculated to represent the biological
effects of ionizing radiation
in other words the millisieverts a drive
number based on the mathematical models
which are used to convert the absorbed
dose to effective dose
so what is it increased health risks a
Japanese based upon their supposed to 20
millisieverts per year.
This is a let's examine the figures
constructed on the basis of data
published by the National Academy of
Sciences is provided to me by you guard.
The vertical y axis is calibrated to the
number of cancer cases per 100,000
age peers the horizontal X axis the pics
/a to the population beginning at zero
years moving towards old age.
Examined the allegedly save those for 20
millisieverts per year
as a result for the six poser the OB
about 1,000 additional cases of cancer
and female infants
a five hundred cases of cancer in its
voice for 100,000
in their age groups will be an additional
100 cases of cancer in 30 year old males
their mates group now notice the
children especially girls
promos rest from radiation-induced
cancer in fact the may 11 has seven
times greater risk
the five year old girl has five times
greater risk getting a radiation-induced
cancers and does a 30-year-old man.
want to note here that there's a great
deal of controversy in regards to the
actors the other methods use arrive the
millisieverts measurement
especially in regard to an accurate
determination other biological effects
have been
external person through exposure
finalizing radiation
but is effective in exposure to source a
finite is ionizing radiation that is
external to the body.
There's an exposure that comes from the
ingestion a retinue by to provide a
chronic
long-term internal exposure to living
cells Richard J since the radioactive
atoms for particles.
The Lance running Chernobyl and
Fukushima the primary rather internal
spose years through the ingestion of
food subsequent am innately
with cesium 137
which sends a bio accumulate in plants
and animals.
What this means is that cesium 137
cannot be excreted faster than it's
being ingested
but that accumulates it increases its
concentration in the plant or animal was
routinely ingesting.
Cesium 137 also turns the bio magnify as
it moves up the food chain.
This means it becomes progressively more
concentrated in predator species
be seen as before with other industrial
toxins such as DDT
which can magnify its concentration
millions of times in the bottom to the
top of the food chain.
Consequently all the foodstuffs and
contaminate the region tend to contain
cesium 137.
Those naturally rich in potassium such
as mushrooms and berries are in a very
high concentrations.
Dairy products and meat also tend to
have higher concentrations.
The International Commission on
radiological protection the ICRP
what sets radiation safety standards
recognizes that cesium 137 by
accumulates in humans
this ICRP figure compares a single just
stand up
1000 becquerels so cesium 137
A one-time exposure the daily ingestion
up ten becquerels
a single exposure notice that half the
season 1 37 has gone from the body and
110 days thats consider the biological
half-life
note also that with the routine daily
ingestion attend back ....
for also cesium 137
the total radioactivity within the body
continues to rise
till after about 500 days there are more
than 1400 back rosa radioactivity
measured in the body
becquerels can be counted living persons
because cesium 137
the decay of cesium 137 admits gamma
radiation
which passes through the body it can be
measured the buy whole body color
today about share their kids considered
for anyone and they can
they can calculate in my love to
becquerels per kilogram of body weight.
So in a 70 kilogram adult base and
that's a total body activity or 14
hundred-becquerels would course by the 20
becquerels per kilogram of body weight.
the 20 kilograms style with the seventy
becquerels per kilogram of body weight
the ICRP document doesn't specify the
average age for Windows examined in the
study
over the safety standards that have been
set by the nuclear industry do not
consider this level of chronic exposure
so-called low-dose radiation to be a
significant danger to human health
the ICRP States in this document that a
whole body activity at 14-under back
rolls
is equivalent to exposure one-tenth
millisieverts per year
in other words the radiation models used
by radiation biology second for this
level
internal absorb those to affected those
cannot predict serious health risks for
such exposures
effect they stated safe they have 10
times exposure level
there is however strong evidence that
the ingestion at these levels a
so-called low-dose radiation are in fact
particularly in juries children research
done by doctor yuri Bandazhevsky and
this college students in Belarus during
the period 1991 to 1999
correlated whole body radiation levels
at 10 to 30 becquerels per kilogram
whole body weight with abnormal heart
rhythms in levels a fifty becquerels per
kilogram of body weight
but the reversible damage to the tissues
of the heart and other vital organs.
What are the key discoveries made by
Bandazhevsky was a cesium 137 bio
concentrates in the endocrine and heart
tissues
as well as a pancreas kidneys and
intestines this goes completely against
for the primary assumptions used by the
a CRP to calculate effective dose as
measured by millisieverts
but cesium 137 is uniformly distributed
in in human tissues. May we say that
this current ICRP methodology in
ICRP methodology is to assume that the
absorbed dose is uniformly distributed
human tissues.
This is in fact that the case the sable
taken from an it s
his chronic cesium 137
incorporation in children's organs
compares the radioactivity measured and
13 organza six infants
very high specific activity that is
levels a radio activity
up in 10 times higher than other organs
and tissues were found in the pancreas
thyroid
adrenal glands hard intestinal walls
Bandazhevsky summarizes nine years a
research and study entitled radioactive
cesium in the heart.
But I'll for friends I just finished
setting a new Russian English
translation of this work
has never previously translated in large
part because shortly after doctor
bennett just be presented to the
Parliament
and Pell in the president belorus was
summarily
arrested and imprisoned government
agents entered the Medical City which he
directed
and destroyed his archives lives and
samples after his release from prison
be sold under house arrest it was during
this time to the actual growth study
he did so in an attempt to preserve his
research now is about to imprison again
for very long time.
Just as soviet positions were forbidden
to diagnose a radiation related illness
following chernobyl.
The Belarusian government acted suppress
the worker Bandazhevsky you wouldn't
protest in government efforts
resettle people back to the land badly
contaminated with cesium 137.
The radioactive cesium her Bandazhevsky says he also did a correlation between the
amount of cesium 137 lives or
and their heart function you work with
the bell rang density which conducted
more than a hundred thousand
nobody doubts about children measuring
the amounts havent really just cesium
137 and his child
for so many contaminate children dollars
that was difficult to find anyone 0
becquerels per kilogram
however only those with less than 10
becquerels per kilogram of body weight
had normal electrocardiograms 35 percent
the children 11 at 37 becquerels per
kilogram
had normal usage ease 20 percent it's
all about 37% of 74 becquerels per
kilogram it normally sieges and only 11
percent of those with 74 200 becquerels
per kilogram that normally CG's
this side which shows the average
results from hundreds of autopsies done
during 1997
has also taken from radioactive cesium
in the heart noticed a very high
concentration of cesium 137
fire England well generally worry about
radioactive I don't concentrate in the
thyroid.
Bandazhevsky says he's worked so says that
cesium 137 is like to play a major role
in thyroid cancer to.....
I want to point out again the currently
accepted medical legal understanding the
cesium 137 is that it is quote
distributed fairly uniformly and both in
human tissues
a copy the web page from the US EPA
website what's the score was taken
clearly a clearly the autopsy human
tissue samples analyzed by Bennett St
show that this is not the case.
This new understanding is to be
incorporated into the way we understand
how internally in just a great unified
sacked
on the human body million people in
Belarus live on land severely
contaminated by cesium 137
most the children to live there are not
considered to be healthy
although they were before the nuclear
power plant at chernobyl exploded
fourteen years after the explosion 45 at
forty percent of high school graduates
had physical disorders
including gastrointestinal abnormally as
we can. hearts and cataracts
and forty percent were diagnosed with
chronic blood disorders and
malfunctioning fire arts
afraid that there are many Japanese
people now living elastically
contaminated with radioactive cesium
Japanese children are allowed to
routinely and Jess foodstuffs
contaminated with cesium 137
will likely develop the same health
problems that we've seen on the children
teenagers belorus and ukraine.
That's it's very important that we
recognize the danger posed chillin by
the routine ingestion of contaminated
food
with cesium 137 - wherever they my love
it's also important to prevent further
nuclear disasters which releases
fiendishly toxic poisons into the global
eco-systems
given the immense amounts along the
trail nucleotide radio nucleotides
which existed every nuclear power plant
this is an urgent task
well but made it clear that long-lived
radionuclides produced by nuclear power
plants are neither safe
a clean would suggest that is a very bad
idea to manufacture these nuclear
poisons to try to make electricity !
has passed families that manufacturing
them try to manage those which you
already created
which must be isolated from the
eco-systems release a hundred thousand
years
of we need to get some
I picket disunity stronger at BU Jupiter
okay
that's what this is about like I say go
to the remix but hit remix button
that way you'll have this video the and
at keep up with this
otherwise you know you to just get a
patrol the skies in is this really bad
