   
>>> Good evening.
I'm Richard Ruelas in tonight
for José Cárdenas.
We'll talk to the director of a
local health organization
working to change attitudes
about LGBT issues in the Latino
community.
>>> Twin brothers talk about
their experience as first
generation college graduates.
>>> And an exhibit focusing on
the historical and contemporary
perspective of the Bracero
program in Arizona.
All this coming up straight
ahead on "Horizonte."
   
>>> Funding for "Horizonte" is
made possible by contributions
by the friends of eight,
members of your Arizona PBS
station.
>>> Thank you for joining us.
Arizona state senator Steve
Gallardo made headlines as he
publicly came out, following
the announcement of senate bill
1062 that was vetoed by
governor Jan Brewer.
Earlier this month, during a
legislative candidate forum,
four district 29 house
candidates were asked questions
about their sexual orientation.
How have views on gay issues
changed in the Latino
community?
Here to talk about this is
Dr. Elizabeth Ortiz de Valdez,
founder, president, and CEO of
Concilio Latino de Salud, a
non-profit, community-based
organization dedicated to
improving the overall health of
the Hispanic community in
Maricopa county.
Thank you for joining us.
>> Thank you, it's a pleasure
to be here and, of course, when
we talk about health, we don't
talk about the absence of
disease but really the
expression of the potential,
intellectually, physically,
spiritually and emotionally.
>> It sounds like since the
last 25 years, you go into
communities and try to start
the conversations that maybe
people don't want to have.
>> Yes.
>> When we deal with issues
about the LGBT community, the
gay community, what don't
people want to talk about?
How are Latinos viewing these
issues?
>> I think they're -- the views
are in the whole spectrum.
There was a lot of stigma
associated with being gay
officially when the HIV
epidemic started.
That increased the stigma but
once the dialogue starts coming
out and people start
understanding that being gay or
to be lesbian is not your
sexual preference but it's your
identity, it's who you are
sexually, emotionally,
spiritually, and that has
changed all the perspectives
that we have.
Still there's a lot of stigma,
there's a lot of homophobia
that we can talk about but all
is really the seed of this is
the lack of information that
people do not understand what
it is to be gay or lesbian.
>> Because we've seen attitudes
change across the country,
across all demographics, all
ethnic groups.
Is it different?
Are there cultural differences
that make it harder in the
Latino community?
>> It depends.
Like the majority of those
Latinos that are limited in
Spanish or preferred English
are more conservative belief
systems, where the catholic
church was more influential in
their growing up.
You will see more traditional
Latinos, monolingual, those
that have more recently arrived
and have a different
perspective in life, like in
Mexico city is one of the first
cities in Latin America where
gay marriage is a privilege and
it's a right, even before the
United States.
So it really depends a lot
where you are coming from.
>> So the acculturated, the
third generation Arizonian who
grew up in a catholic house in
Arizona or California might
have harder views than someone
who just came.
So does that reflect Mexico and
Central America's attitudes?
>> Absolutely, it's also
changing.
It changes --
>> It sounds --
>> If it's the rule area or the
city.
It depends on a lot of factors
but in general, in general,
that's the situation.
The more acculturated you are,
the more how to say, the more
tendency to be more
conservative in your views.
>> Does it surprise you that a
man like Steve Gallardo who's
been in the public life so much
would be closeted or people in
a forum would be asked to state
their sexual orientation?
He was afraid to say the word
gay.
>> I don't think it's right for
us as a community to ask people
about their sexual orientation
in the political arena, because
it has become something bad to
talk about, he's coming out of
the closet, but they are brave,
and it's about time that if you
are gay, lesbian, it doesn't
matter if you are a leader in
the community.
>> You're seeing it get better
I guess, like attitudes have
changed around the country,
you're seeing them -- you're
seeing people be more
understanding of their
grandchildren.
>> Yes, and more capable to
even support their gay son or
granddaughter or grandson.
But everything is about
education and everything is
about the experience.
When people are in contact with
another person, who feels very
differently than you, the gay
community or the lesbian
community, you see they are
just like you.
Then you look at that human
being and not at the sexual
preference.
>> And then that helps with
overall health and being able
to talk about issues.
>> Sexuality is part of healthy
and it's very important to talk
about these issues.
When we're talking about sex
education, we're talking about
also, how you're responsible
for your body and how you're
responsible of your interaction
with others.
>> And it's important to have
this conversation here and I
thank you for having it with
us.
>> It is my pleasure.
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
>> Get the inside scoop on
what's happening at Arizona
PBS.
Become an eight insider.
You'll receive weekly updates
on the most anticipated
upcoming programs and events.
Get the eight insider delivered
to your e-mail inbox.
Visit azpbs.org to sign up
today.
>>> Clemente Rico Rodriguez and
Maurilio Rico Rodriguez both
graduated from the design
school at ASU with degrees in
landscape architecture.
These twin brothers are
first-generation college
graduates.
They're here to tell their
story.
Let's welcome Clemente and his
brother Maurilio.
We practiced in the green room,
have I said your name
correctly?
>> Yes, that's great.
>> Twins born a few minutes
apart but it sounds like until
from some of the stuff, you
guys weren't close all your
lives.
You didn't have the twin bond
going on.
>> A lot of our friends would
always say where's your brother
and even a lot of our
professors would say that and I
think he's in school, he should
be in school.
But, you know, that's kind of
how we grew up in our family.
Our family's not -- we're not
so close to each other so we
try to keep our things to each
other.
>> You're not in each other's
business all the time.
>> Exactly, exactly.
And so but it completely
changed when we went to ASU
because we were in the same
program, meaning we had the
same schedule, same classes,
same professor and we were also
roommates in the same dorm.
So that we could share the
entire room rather than just
half and half, that's what
happens in a lot of cases.
>> The sibling rivalry was
okay?
>> Everything was just better.
Like he was saying, in middle
school and high school,
everybody -- each of us did our
own thing.
But in college, everything just
came together in a way.
But one of the things that we
had between us is since we were
in the same program, so this is
what you can do, we criticized
constructively, but it worked
perfectly for all of us.
>> So you came over here about
age 11.
What was your childhood like?
What part of Mexico?
>> We were born in central
Mexico in a small community.
400 people.
Only 400 people lived there.
The level of education, the
highest level of education is
elementary school there.
So, you know, growing up there,
we didn't ever have the idea
that oh, yeah, we were going to
end up going into college and
graduating and becoming
professionals.
The idea was turn 15, and then
we'll do what most people do,
just migrate to the United
States to look for a job and
get married and just -- that
norm, that norm that our little
community has and, in fact, a
lot of places in Mexico.
So, you know, we come from this
poor family so a lot of the
resources weren't there to kind
of support education.
So coming here, having the
opportunity to move here.
It was just something that I'm
sure we never expected.
>> Yeah, you come here not as a
little kid but an 11-year-old.
What were your first
experiences like?
What did you think of this
place you had been brought to?
>> For sure it was definitely a
culture shock.
We were always used to -- it
was a really small community.
You would have trees, you would
have this green landscape but
as soon as we got here,
everything was just concrete.
So it was overwhelming at the
beginning and most of the time
we tried to stay home and, you
know, just be within ourselves
in a way.
But I guess over time, we just
got used to it, we started
meeting new people, friends,
that kind of had the same
stories and over time we just
got used to it for sure.
>> But with your parents not
having much education level,
when did you get the idea that
you could?
When did college become
something achievable possibly
for you?
>> One of the things is that
our parents, they appreciate
education and they know that
for most of us, it's a way to
overcome and have a better life
in a way.
So they know.
But one of the things -- so
that's one of the things that
they made us do.
We would always go to school,
go to school.
They didn't care what we would
do, they didn't care which path
we would choose but they just
wanted us to be in school.
>> I imagine because your
father came here earlier,
applied for residency and was
able to get the family in with
the papers, you probably had
opportunities, I don't know if
you had classmates but in
different situations with their
legalization that might have
made a harder road for them.
>> Definitely.
Where we come from, even where
we got our education, we come
from communities where there's
high numbers of Hispanics,
they're in the same position as
we were or they didn't have the
opportunity to be here legally
and have the opportunity to go
to college.
So, you know, even we have a
lot of family members who are
in the same situation.
So moving forward, with this
different path and kind of
having family members staying
back, it's kind of sad because
personally I think we believe
that we want to have something
good for everyone.
But that's kind of the way it
is.
But at the same time, we want
to have -- once we have the
responsibility right?
So now that we have the
opportunity to get an
education, we feel like we have
the responsibility to help, not
just our family members but
also just individuals who are
staying back because of legal
issues.
>> It also helps the community
because your senior project,
landscape structure, there's an
element of social justice, the
project you conceived.
>> This semester's project for
our studio was focusing on
working on a system, and I
personally, we both -- we don't
want to become designers.
We just want to become
designers who find problems and
have solutions for their
problems.
>> We know there's a lot of
industrial area, a lot of
people living and going to
school right up there so this
looks like it tries to clean
the air?
>> Exactly.
So we know that everyone's
going to use a car, and that's
the reality.
And instead of finding ways of
getting rid of the car, why not
find ways to kind of mitigate
the problems the car causes?
And so while we were doing our
research, we found that
titanium dioxide, it's a
chemical compound that actually
reacts with car emissions, and
the reactions of those car
emissions creates nitrates and
water molecules which become
actually food for plants.
And so at the same time, we
wanted to find a way to not
just reduce the air pollution
but also have a structure over
the freeway.
>> Is it pie in the sky stuff?
How expensive would this be, is
it realistic?
Can we get a kick starter
together?
>> Maybe not.
But the idea, our concept was
just to make people start
thinking about those kind of --
we tend tying more those kind
of problems that we have here
in the valley, you know.
We don't really think about
people who live near freeways,
maybe the noise is a problem
but there's more than that.
There are things that we don't
see, but they're even more
harmful to the people that live
there, especially students.
There are schools that are near
freeways and with the research
that we did we found it's just
so bad for them, especially for
children.
So that I see way to start
making people think like maybe
we should start doing something
else.
>> You set a very high
reimagining of what a freeway
could look like and maybe
somewhere in the middle there's
a practical use for it.
Because this is -- are there
ways -- I mean, talk about the
spaces you want to produce in
the cities, things that are
achievable that sort of have
that social justice element to
it.
What can we do as a city?
>> I think what has to start is
the conversation, what do we
need to do?
I think one of the challenges
with, for example, the
landscape architecture
profession is we're staying in
a level where we're not really
producing new things.
And because there's a lot of
environmental impacts happening
because of, you know,
industrial components of
urbanization aspects, what
happens, what you need to start
thinking about is how do we
work with those changes and how
do we reduce the impacts that
the urbanization is having on
the environment?
Now, there are different --
several designers here in the
valley and also around the
world who are focusing on that
who try to make changes or too
maintain or reduce the impacts
from urbanization.
One thing that has to happen,
though, is that this course is
about design, and I don't think
it's the designer's job to make
the entire space but it's also
having the community because
successful projects are the
ones that are taken over by the
community members.
Those are truly successful
projects.
>> They adopt them themselves.
>> Exactly, we need to educate
the community.
>> We'll have you back, let's
hope in the coming years as you
start building projects in
Arizona and California and
Spain, wherever else you end
up.
Thank you both for joining us.
>> Thank you so much.
>>> To find out more
information about what's on
"Horizonte," go to ozpbs.org
and click on the "Horizonte"
tab at the top of the screen.
There you can access many
features to become a more
informed "Horizonte" viewer.
Watch interviews by clicking on
the video button or by
scrolling down to the bottom of
the page for the most recent
segments.
Learn about more specific
topics like arts and culture
and immigration.
You can also find out what's on
"Horizonte" for the upcoming
week.
If you would like an rss feed,
a podcast or opportunity to buy
a video, that's all on our
website, too.
Other features include our
collection of website links and
a special page for educators.
While you're there, show your
support for "Horizonte" with
just one click.
Discover all that's on
"Horizonte," visit
azpbs.org/horizonte today.
>>> Here at "Horizonte" we want
to hear from you.
If you have comments, story
ideas or questions, e-mail us
at horizonte@ASU.edu.
>>> The Bracero program brought
millions of migrant Mexican
workers to the United States
from 1942 to 1964, offering
them short-term labor in mostly
agricultural contracts.
There is an exhibit going on
focusing on tools used by
braceros, as well as artifacts,
photographs, and more.
Here to talk about it is artist
Marco Albarran, curator of the
exhibit.
Artist in your own right but
curating this.
What do we need to know about
the bracero program?
>> The bracero program was very
complex, in terms of how much
influence many of the social
activisms that happened after
that, including by now.
It had an immense growth in the
border parts of Mexico from the
people coming to the border
first and then crossing to the
United States.
>> And it's a personal story
for you.
Did you know much about the
history of your father?
>> Not until later, I found out
that he was actually a bracero
and some of the experiences
that he had, because I worked
with him in the '70s going
through the fields, too, so he
used to tell me all the
stories.
That's when actually we met
with Caesar Chavez.
>> Also your father came
through the bracero program and
was able to stay and remain a
farm worker.
>> He was actually recruited
three times in Mexico.
1946 the first time, 1951 the
second time and then 1960, the
third time.
>> So he may have not wanted to
tell the stories, you're
probably glad he did and he was
able to -- he would have some
photographs and artifacts that
become part of this exhibit?
>> Right, right.
And we included art.
When I put together the
exhibition, I was actually
asking the artists if they had
a connection to the bracero
program when they were creating
the art.
>> So yeah, we're looking at
your family arriving in
California.
So back and forth.
And also what should we
experience?
What do you think the art lets
us see?
>> There's personal stories for
some of the artists that also
when they asked their parents,
their father, because many of
the mothers, they were coming
as families.
But most of them were just dads
that came and went through the
program but the stories that
they're telling through the art
and some of the personal
stories that also were written
by the artists.
>> And some of the artifacts
that survived and here you
found -- I mean, I imagine this
was a find for you both as an
artist and as a son.
>> It's a treasure for me.
And that's one of the things
I'm trying to emphasize is that
little things like this that
are treasures of the family,
they're also part of the
history and one of the things
I'm trying to do with the
exhibition is to show that we
are part of the American
history, that we are part of
the American experience.
>> But you're also showing us
this as an artwork.
This is a piece of art.
So this was your father's
lunchbox.
>> Right.
It's one of the lunchboxes.
I have another one at the
exhibition.
>> Inside are some of the
tools, there's a short-handled
hoe and inside here you even
have --
>> I have some clippers that he
used, cutting lemons.
And the photograph that is over
there is showing basically when
he was in L.A., was actually
before Disneyland developed and
that's why they call it orange
county because there was a lot
of citrus in that area.
>> I mean, looking at this
again, as a piece of history
and an artifact but you can --
looking at it as art, you can
sense the labor, the intensity.
What do you see when you look
at your father's clipping
tools?
>> For me, our memories.
I actually worked in the
fields, too, and used many of
his tools, as well.
So for me, it's a very personal
experience.
>> So the artists you brought
in, what kind of work did they
create?
>> They created from paintings
to sculptures to graphic work,
paper art, so it's basically
all mediums.
And I'm really happy that they
participated, because this
exhibition is going to be part
of another exhibition next
year, in collaboration with the
Smithsonian, a traveling
bracero exhibition.
That's one of the reasons I
wanted to make sure that this
exhibition was so strong.
>> Do we see the artifacts, is
it segmented out?
As we've shown the gallery, on
the screen, we've seen some
sort of political statements,
almost whimsical pieces next to
artifacts.
>> Well, actually, the entrance
to the gallery, you're going to
see a statue made by Guerrero
of Chavez, because Chavez was
influenced by this program,
even though he didn't like the
program and rightly so because
they abused many of the
workers.
But it was influenced in terms
of how he got started.
So that's how basically, that's
why you didn't see him in the
gallery.
>> It's interspersed.
>> Art and artifacts.
>> It's part of the Latino
experience, part of the
American experience that has
created this.
>> That's one of the things I'm
trying to emphasize that
there's a history there that we
still need to capture.
>> And you helped us capture it
tonight at the exhibition,
which we put up the address,
2811 north seventh avenue.
Appreciate your being here.
Thank you so much.
>>> That's our show for
tonight.
From all of us here at eight
and "Horizonte," I'm Richard
Ruelas.
Have a good night.
   
   
   
   
   
   
>>> Funding for "Horizonte" is
made possible by contributions
by the friends of eight,
members of your Arizona PBS
station.
>>> Support for eight comes
from viewers like you and
from...
>>> Serving investors since
1890, proudly supports quality
programming on eight Arizona
PBS.
>>> The global institute of
sustainability is the heart of
asu's sustainability
initiatives, advancing
research, education, and
business practices for an
urbanizing world.
Learn more.
>>> More than 90% of the time,
hospice care is delivered in
the best place of all: Home.
Hospice of the valley has been
providing quality care at home
since 1977.
Not for profit, for comfort.
>>> Next on eight H.D.
>> Next time on father brown,
after an escaped psychiatric
patient dies, there's a
surprise at his funeral.
>> I just came back from the
dead.
>> And father brown gets
himself admitted to the
hospital.
>> What if the killer doesn't
want you investigating?
>> Father brown.
>> Next on eight H.D.
>>> Eight H.D., eight life, and
eight world.
This is Arizona PBS, supported
by viewers like you.
Thank you.
>>> Should I spend lots of
money on expensive repair
bills, fix that old car or just
donate it to PBS?
I've got a money pit or an easy
solution.
>>> Coming up on eight H.D.,
eight life, and eight world...
>>> This year, PBS programs
were honored with 12 Peabody
awards, more than any other
broadcaster ever.
Our shows open new worlds and
new ideas for everyone and you
make them possible with your
support.
>>> Coming soon to eight H.D.
>>> Join us for the 25th
anniversary of an American
tradition, the national
Memorial Day concert.
>> A time to pay tribute to all
the men and women who have
served our country and to honor
their courage and sacrifice.
>> Join me.
>> And me.
>> With many musicians and
general Powell.
>> The national Memorial Day
concert.
   
   
>>> When you want to be more
adventurous, eight delivers the
wonders of the world.
Thanks to financial support
from you and...
>>> Introducing two resort
communities from shea homes.
Both communities offer a resort
lifestyle, including pools,
golf, spa, dining, events and
more.
These communities are now
offering shea 3D home designs
which allow you to customize
your home with three
interchangeable homes.
Our model homes are open daily.
Community details at trilogy
life.com/PBS.
>>> Arizona oncology
specializes in cancer treatment
of the female reproductive
tract.
Our physicians believe in
individualized treatment as
well as evidence-based
approaches.
More at
www.Arizonaoncology.com.
>>> Explore worlds of wonder
here on eight, Arizona PBS.
A viewer supported community
service of Arizona state
university.
