KATIE, nice to meet you!
KATIE:  Nice to meet you!
I've known her for a long time.
Yes.
How are you?
KATIE:  Good, good.  And you?
I'm lousy.
KATIE:  Why?
No, no.  I'm fine.
I'm all right.
I'm happy to be here with all of you.
OK.
Now we're on lesson... 25?
We discussed fingerspelling the other day, right?
Yeah?  OK.
I asked you a while back,
the two ways that ASL creates new signs.
You're pondering.
You have exactly one hour to sit and think on it.
Home signs?
Uh-huh.
That people use in their homes?
"I have a new baby, just born."
"But the baby is deaf.  I don't know how to sign."
"I'll have to make some up."
The mime of milking a cow becomes the sign for "milk."
Home signs.
Good.  Yay!
Another one... from the book?
That you studied in our previous lesson?
How do we make new signs?
I'll offer you a H-I-N-T.
Noun... Verb...  PAIR...
Verb.  Hey, what's your sign for NOUN?
N-O-U-N?
N-O-U-N.  Noun.
Verb.
VERB.  You know that one?
What are some examples?
Verb.  V-E-R-B
There you go!  Fine.
We sign "sit" and "chair."
Is it the same word?
KATIE:  No.  They're different.
Different.
How are they different?
KATIE:  "Sit" is a verb, and "chair" is a noun.
There you have it.
That is one way ASL invents or develops new signs.
Any more Noun-Verb Pairs?
KATIE:  ...Yes!
Yes!  Like what?
Give me examples.  Come on!
Help me out.
Noun-Verb.  We have Sit/Chair.
What else?
...Fly....
Airplane.
Car...
and Drive.
Aha!  Cool.
Door...
DOOR
Open the door.  OPEN DOOR
KATIE:  Good one!
Book ... open the book.
Verb, VERB, is "open the book."
The noun is just "book."
Come on, more.
KATIE:  Eat / Food.
Ah, food... eat.  What did you mean by this?  Spell it.
KATIE:  Food.  F-O-O-D
F-O-O-D.
Eat.
You can say, "Did you finish eating?"
It means, "[Swallows last bite of sandwich.]"  Done.
Right.  Good.
More.  I have one more.
Window...
...Open the window.
OK.
With that process, we...
...D-E-R-I-V-E...
Hey, do you mind moving the camera closer?
Hey, do you mind going out there and telling
the tech to bring the video in a bit more?
There's too much space here beside me.  Move it in.
To about my shoulder.
That'll be better.
It's fine.
The people at home are trying to watch us,
but we're so tiny on the screen!
KATIE:  Right!
They just see tiny little signs.
It's important for it to be bigger.
It doesn't matter.  They'll take care of it.
What is it called when a new sign is developed?
D... spell it.  D...
KATIE:  D-E-R-I-V-E
Right.  We D-E-R-I-V-E new words.
We had a sign before for "sit,"
now we'll make, D-E-R-I-V-E---
Oh, beautiful!  Good!
I'm happy.  My tail is wagging.
"Sign, sign, sign" ... That's fine.  Good.
Now I have to sit up straight.  Can't slouch.
Better now.
We D-E-R-I-V-E new words.  OK.  Fine.  Good.
That was a noun derived from a verb.
Right.  A noun and a verb.
We start with the verb "sit."
And then the sign for "sit," done twice,
becomes "CHAIR."
That's one way that ASL develops, adds,
new vocabulary.  V-O-C-A-B.
What's the other way?
What'd they say?
KATIE:  I missed it.
KATIE:  C-O-M-P-O-U-N-D
KATIE:  Putting words together.  Right?
So, taking two separate words and combining them.
COMPOUNDING.
Do you agree with that person?
KATIE:  Yes.
She's smart.
KATIE:  Yeah.  I know.
You can trust her.  T-R-U-S-T
She's very studious.
KATIE:  Right.
Yay!  You get a star on your forehead.
Well, maybe an "A" for your answer.
She doesn't want a star.
KATIE:  No.
She wants an "A."
KATIE:  Yes.
Fine.  I get it.  OK.
Give me an example of DERIVING.
You can't remember?
Oh, "think"?
Um...
You're thinking of compounding.
Look at my question.  Give me an example
of D-E-R-I-V-I-N-G,
using a Noun/Verb pair like that.
Sit/Chair.  Right.
So, DERIVING uses the process...
If I use this process...
I don't think, no no, I don't think you're wrong.
I think you're right and I accept it.
To DERIVE means to make something.
So she's right.  Understand?
That word DERIVE can be a little confusing.
It just means "to make" or "to develop."
Like magic--POOF!--Voila!
"I have derived something!"
If I change that sentence a little...
"Give me an example of deriving a noun from a verb...
...using that process.  P-R-O-C-E-S-S."
Such as with Sit/Chair.
Ah, you get a point!
Fly and Plane
Now, you!  Give me an example of-- What'd she say?
KATIE:  I missed it.  "Believe."
KATIE:  B-E-L-I-E-F   or...
KATIE:  B-E-L-I-E-V-E
Fine.  Believe.
KATIE:  Believe.
What is that?
KATIE:  "Think."  T-H-I-N-K
KATIE: ...and "marry."  M-A-R-R-Y.
KATIE:  Believe.
Right, good.  So you have THINK over here
and MARRY over here,
and when you compound these two words,
what does it then mean?
Think marry?  Think+marry?  BELIEVE!
And so that becomes a new word, right?
A new sign!
"Think" and "marry" become "believe."
That's a new development!
We DERIVE by compounding.
OK.
You were thinking of that one?  SISTER?
How do you sign that?
KATIE:  Sister.
But I have a Deaf friend who signs it like this.
Is it right or wrong?
KATIE:  No, it's the same.  Sister.
"Girl" ... "same" ...  What does this sign mean?
KATIE:  Same.  S-A-M-E.
S-A-M-E.
"Same," like this sign?
Think of kids examining their hands.
"This finger and this finger are different.
But these two are the same!"
"Girl" ... What does this mean?
KATIE:  G-I-R-L
Yup.  GIRL.
"Girl" and "same"
Girl+Same, Sister, Sister
Sister.
KATIE:  Sister.
It's a new sign.
You got this one.
KATIE:  Right.
Yay!
Or really, you did.  She took credit for it.
KATIE:  A Noun-Verb Pairing.
I accept that.
KATIE:  Right.
Open the book ... Book
That's an example of Noun-Verb Pairing.
Or an example of... what? DERIVING?
What kind of DERIVING?
I know that.  A Noun-Verb Pair.
KATIE:  Process?
What does that mean?  Fingerspell it.
KATIE:  P-R-O-C-E-S-S
Process.
It's the process of deriving a noun
from an already existing verb,
and changing it to become a new word, a new noun.
Using that process.
OK.
It doesn't mean that there is "Book"
and then "OPEN book."
No.  You just have this thing that you open like this,
and now we can call it a book.
There are no new handshapes.
KATIE:  Nope.
Hold that thought.
So "open book" and "book" is an example
of four things.
1)  Noun-Verb Pair
Wait, I told you wrong.
It is a Noun-Verb Pair.
2)  Process MORPHEME
3)  Reduplication
Why?  "Open book" (one movement)
is made into the noun "book" with two movements.
4)  DERIVATION.
To develop, invent, something new.
It just shows up.
Do you know the sign for this?
KATIE:  Obsess.
Obsess.  (Think + Touch)
What is it an example of?
Compounding.  COMPOUNDING.
KATIE:  Yes, that.
Yup.
She's smart.  We're surrounded by smart people here.
None of the dumb ones came today.
Hi!  Sorry if you're watching!
You're all smart.
KATIE:  Yes.
A little bit busy.
KATIE:  Yes, that's right.
"Obsess" is an example of what?
KATIE:  C...
Not you, that person.
Do you agree with that person?
OK.
Do you agree?
KATIE:  Yup.
Yay!
Standing ovation
They don't understand what this means.
What does it mean?
Standing ovation.
Ha-ha.
The first one was the process of developing
a noun from a verb.
The second one was compounding.
The third technique for developing new signs.
What is it?
Guesses?
Do you remember when we first started
today's lesson?
What was the topic?
KATIE:   Fingerspelling?
Hey!  Right!
I told you, "Today's lesson is Fingerspelling."
You just bobbed your heads and said,
"I already learned my ABCs."
No, no.  This is more in-depth.
D-E-E-P
It's deeper than the alphabet.
That.  We represent the written symbols
using ASL signs.
Does that mean "A, B, C"?
No, not letters.
L-E-T-T-E-R
Not letters.
KATIE:  Example?
We'll discuss lexicalization.  Hold that thought.
So, this sign... OK?
If I...  ...who has a pen?
I need a pen.
Give it to her.
Ahhh!  Heart attack, fall over dead.
What is that?
KATIE:  "A."
What that means is the letter A as it's written.
What you're signing there...
that sign... and this "A" here...
...they're different.
So, this "A" is not a LETTER.
It's a sign.
That sign is connected...
Show me the "A."
The sign for "A" is connected to the letter "A."
The connection--you can put your hand down now--
...M-A-P...
A folded paper map?  No.
It shows that the sign is connected to the letter.
If you write in English,
"That looks complex.  They're letters."
"So now how do I sign them?"
And so we have the signed alphabet.
Fingerspelled signs are not letters.
How do we...
Letter letter letter... with hyphens between?
D-A-S-H
That is how we gloss something that is fingerspelled.
This "C" is not a letter.  What is it?
KATIE:  A sign.
What else is it?
It's a sign, yes.  You're right.
A classifier?
Yeah, that's fine.  Later we'll discuss that topic,
so we'll set it aside for now.
She said "C-L-A-S-S-I-F-I-E-R."
We'll set it aside and talk about it later.
It starts with an "M" ----
KATIE:  M-O-R-P-H-E-M-E
Again?
KATIE:  M-O-R-P-H-E-M-E?
Hey.  So if I, if I sit here, holding up this C-handshape...
That's a P-H-O-N-E-M-E.
KATIE:  Right.
But if I sign, "A... B... C..."
Now that C-handshape is a MORPHEME.
Because it has meaning.
So I accept your answer.
Get it?
You might call fingerspelling "letters."
Fine.  You can call it that.
Every day, you all might call them "letters."
But, I'd say, "Hold on.  Are you sure?"
They are really signs.
How do you sign "FREE"?
KATIE:  Free.
Again?
KATIE:  Free.
Free.
Free.
Or signed like this.  "Free" or "free."
Free Morpheme.
They are units of language that have meaning.
If...
If your report card says "F,"
that "F" has meaning, right?
KATIE:  Right.
It means that you didn't study.
It means you failed.
Fingerspelling involves Free Morphemes
C-A-T.  C-A-T.
C-A-T.  It has a sequence.  S-E-Q-U-E-N-C-E
"C-A-T" is a sequence of fingerspelling.
"My name is B-I-L-L."
It has a SEQUENCE.
Sometimes, the fingerspelling is changed.
Do you sometimes watch Deaf people signing,
and they fingerspell something but you totally miss it?
Why?
We cheat.
C-H-E-A-T
Cheat.  We cheat.
We changed it.
We fooled you all.
That, you know, if... let me give you an example.
I'll give you an example.
Suppose I fingerspell...
#CAR
Car.  #CAR.
"Why does that look different?"
It's changed. It's not C-A-R.
#CAR
They're different.  How are they different?
KATIE:  The speed.
KATIE:  This R, the thumb is out.
KATIE:  The other one is in.
Yeah, it's a different handshape.
We will discuss the differences.
That change makes it different.
What do we call that?
You?
L-E-X-I-C-A-L-I-Z-A-T-I-O-N
You guys mentioned it previously.
Right.  Hurray!
Would you mind fingerspelling that word again?
KATIE:  L-E-X-I-C-A-L-I-Z-A-T-I-O-N...?
Is she right?
KATIE:  Whew!
Standing ovation.
Pressure!
KATIE:  Yes!  This is the hot seat!  Lots of pressure.
#CAR
But don't...
So if a Deaf person is signing,
and they sign #CAR,
do you correct their "R"?  Do you help fix it?
KATIE:  No.
F-I-X
No?
Why not?
Why not?
"Because they're Deaf and you're not?"
KATIE:  It's rude.
"In the language..."
The language means that if I'm signing,
and I sign #CAR,
it's right.  It's not wrong.
That is how it is signed.
It's accepted.
The pound symbol...
The # means "L-E-X-I-C-A-L-I-Z-A-T-I-O-N"
If I see these dashes, it means it is simply fingerspelled.
C-A-R
but this means it is lexicalized:  #CAR
Let me see.
KATIE:  #CAR
#CAR
KATIE:  B-A-C-K.  Or sign it?
Back.
I asked her how she'd sign "back."
Back.
Behind.
#BACK.   Yeah, fine.
Various.
How do you sign "back"?
Your answers varied.
But hold on...
I suggest to you that B-A-C-K fingerspelled like that
is not LEXICALIZED.
It's not (condensed) lexicalized.
It was a natural fingerspelling of B-A-C-K.
That's it.  It's fine.
Now the next one.  #BACK
KATIE:  B-A-C... Oh!  L-E-X.
#.  Lexicalized.
KATIE:  #BACK.  B-A-C-K.
KATIE:  #BACK.
I'll give you some help.
#BACK
KATIE:  B...K?  B-K?  #BACK?
"B-K."  Yeah,  you could do that.
#BACK
B...
#BACK
B... #BACK
#BACK
Curve your fingers.
#BACK
#BACK.  Fine.
KATIE:  Wow. This is the hot seat!
She's funny.
So, I gave her a pen.  Now give it #BACK.
Understand?  Now I'll give it #BACK to her.
#BACK to me.
She's grinning.
#BACK.  #BACK.
So, #BACK towards me...
Maybe.
#BACK to me.  #BACK towards me.
It's fine.
That's what you did.  "B-K."
#BACK with direction.
W-H-A-T
#WHAT?
#WHAT
#WHAT
Downward, like this.  #WHAT
#WHAT?
#WHAT.  Go that way.
KATIE:  #WHAT.  #WHAT.
#WHAT?
#WHAT?
#WHAT
Let's see it.  #WHAT
Body movement, too.
#WHAT?
#WHAT?  #WHAT?
Good.
KATIE:  Thanks.
#WHAT
#WHAT?  Ugh, #WHAT?
Fingerspelling changed to look like a sign.
That means that "W-H-A-T"
is condensed to look like a single morpheme.
#WHAT
If you new signers go to a Deaf event,
and really mingle with the Deaf,
sit and watch.  You'll see,
"#WHAT?  You bought a new #CAR?"
"Come #BACK.  Come #BACK."
If you see someone signing "#BACK,"
"I didn't see the 'A' or the 'C.'  I missed them."
"Yup.  They're gone."
"That's not fair!  It's not right!"
KATIE:  Nope.
You all feel like that.
KATIE:  No.
No?  That's fine.  I accept it.  OK.
What do we call that change?
KATIE:  L-E-X...
I'm checking her answer.
What's that change called?
You don't know?
It's a good time to pick on her.
OK.  What's that change called?
We discussed it recently.
C-A-R vs. #CAR
Or B-A-C-K vs. #BACK
What's that change process called?
You pass?
No, no, hold on!
Back there?  Pass.
Fine.  Good.
KATIE:  Yay!
Ha, yup.  "Oooohhhh!"
"O-H"
KATIE:  "O-H."  Yup.  "Ohhh"
"Ohhh"
You passed, you passed, you get an A, A, A...
F, F, F, F...
Now, you have a chance to pull it back
and turn your "F" into an "A."
LEXICALIZATION
Take a picture of it.
L-E-X-E-M-E
That word...
Do you know why we call #BACK  "LEXICALIZED"?
Why is it called that?
The reason:  L-E-X-E-M-E...
it means:  It's kind of a word.
LEXICALIZATION means "become like a word."
But hold on.
Understand this.  Does LEXICALIZATION only
apply to fingerspelling?
No.
Later, you guys will learn... for example....
Two people walking this way...
...and two more people walking over here...
These four people walking side-by-side...
becomes the sign for "funeral."
If someone dies,
you carry them for the funeral.
F-U-N-E-R-A-L
How do you sign "F-U-N-E-R-A-L"?
KATIE:  Funeral.
Funeral.
Does it mean, "Four people carrying a dead person"?
No.
That sign, "funeral," back in the day,
showed the pallbearers.
Like this, to represent two people at a time.
We'd see that signed again and again,
and we condensed (lexicalized) this sign
to mean FUNERAL.
That sign, "funeral," is an example of
L-E-X-I-C-A-L-I-Z-A-T-I-O-N
Why?  Two people walking here,
two people walking there,
this sign doesn't mean "four people."
It means:  a new word that means "FUNERAL."
That abbreviated sign is a LEXICALIZATION
of CLASSIFIER(s).
An abbreviation.  Or, a kind of
D-E-P-I-C-T-I-V-E verb.
It becomes condensed.  Do you know that sign?
I'm using it for LEXICALIZATION.
It means that it becomes like a word.
KATIE:  Become.
Become wordlike.
B...  Hmm?  What did you say?
#BANK
KATIE:  #BANK
KATIE:  #BACK
#BACK
KATIE:  #OFF
#OFF.  #OFF.
Off... off...
I have seen it like that.
Lights off.  #OFF.
#ON
Let me see.
Don't make a full "O" handshape.  Just these fingers.
KATIE:  #IF
#IF
#SALE
Good.
#SALE
Right.  Sometimes.  You're right.
#SALE
"What's that?  That's an odd 'E'!"
You're right. Sometimes it looks like that.
#SALE
What about the direction?  Counterclockwise.
Right, yeah.
It doesn't have to have this final "E."
Your final "E" can be this.
It's fine.  It's OK.  They're the same.
#EARLY
Or the other direction:  #EARLY
I tend to go clockwise.  #EARLY
Other signs?  How do you sign it?
#EARLY.  #EARLY
Me, too.  #EARLY
S...
#SALE (counterclockwise)
#EARLY (clockwise)
KATIE:  Again.
KATIE:  S...
#EARLY
# E    A    R     L    Y
KATIE:  #EARLY?
KATIE:  #EARLY...
KATIE:  #SALE...
This way.
#EARLY
#EARLY
#BUT
KATIE:  #BUT... #BUT...
#BUT
The "U" tends to...
#BUT    #BUT
Eyebrows up.
#BUT
And the arm comes forward.
KATIE:  #BUS
#BUS   #BUS
#BUS   #BUS
#BUS   #BUS
"Where's the #BUS?"
#BUS   #BUS
KATIE:  C....... #CAR
#CAR
#CAR    #CAR
Where's your #CAR?
#CAR  #CAR
KATIE:  #HA
#HA
That's good.   She's laughing at all of us.
KATIE:  #DO
#DO
#DO with this handshape is fine.
This handshape is fine, too.
Hey, I'm curious.  Do you sign #DO like this, or this?
Me, too.  Me, too.
Right.  In the past, it was signed D-O.
Gradually, the palm orientation rotated.
Or, two hands.  #DO
KATIE:  S-O?
#SO
#SO what?
#SO
That.  What?  #SO what?
KATIE:  #OK
#OK
#OK    #OK
#OK!
KATIE:  K-O?
#KO
You know, when someone is hit and they fall flat.
#KO
KATIE:  #JOB   #JOB
Fine.
Don't flutter it.  Just once.
KATIE:  #JOB
There ya go.  Yay!  Good.
#JOB
Good #JOB!
Good #JOB
Let me see.  Nope...
Like this...
My point is, it's not a "J."
That torques the wrist.
#JOB
KATIE:  #YES
#YES!  #YES!
#YES
KATIE:  #NO
#NO   #NO
#NO.  #NO!
#NO
"#NO-NO, baby, you can't."
"Daddy will get mad."
KATIE:  #DOG
#DOG
Fine, fine.
KATIE:  Is it not all of the fingers?
Nah, I just use a couple fingers.
Two times.  #DOG
Two times.
KATIE:  #DOG.
Right.
KATIE:  #TOY
#TOY
#TOY
"Where's your #TOY?"
For me, I sign it like this [slight rotation of wrist].
"Where's your #TOY?"
#FIX
For me, it looks like this.
Need to #FIX my...
I need to #FIX my hair.
KATIE:  Oh, right.
It doesn't mean to take care of it or style it.
No, no.  #FIX
KATIE:  #WHAT
#WHAT?!
Truthfully, I even drop the "W."
Interesting.
The person controlling the camera thinks I'm weird.
So far we've discussed changes
Deletions
Can sign it like this or this, also.
I want you all to give me examples
of fingerspellings that use lexicalization (LEX)
that uses deletions.
Any example.
What did that person say?
KATIE:  #WHAT
Nope.
KATIE:  Oh, B... seriously?
KATIE:  #BACK
#BACK.  Right.
The sign #BACK deletes the "A" and the "C."
#BACK
KATIE:  #IF
F-I-X
The "I" gets deleted.
That's an example of what?
KATIE:  L-E-X
LEXICALIZATION, right.
The change happens during--
D-U-R-I-N-G
--during L-E-X (lexicalization).
Give me an example of a location change
that happens during LEXICALIZATION.
KATIE:  #WHAT
Yeah.  It starts here, at this level, then moves downward.
There's movement.  A change.
Good.  I accept.  More?
KATIE:  #BACK
... of a location change.  #YES!
It moves from here to there.  #YES
KATIE:  #BACK
Yeah, yeah.
KATIE:  I got it!
Give--oh, hold on...
#WHAT has a location change.
How is it that "#FOOD" changes?
The location?
Ready for this?
Aha!  That's it!
#FOOD
KATIE:  #DOOF?
Other way.
KATIE:  #FOOD
Right!  #FOOD
Right.
But hey, why is it signed like that?
KATIE:  I don't know why.
It means you're obsessed with food.
Hungry!  Stomach's rumbling.
I have #FOOD on my mind!
On my mind.
Right.  Obsessing about food.
KATIE:  I see.
Some people... shhh!
#SEX (on the mind)
So, you can have #FOOD or #SEX on your mind.
She's going to leave.
Handshape changes.
What are some examples?
KATIE:  #DOG
True.  #DOG.
It's not a "proper" D handshape.
And the palm orientation changes.
These two handshapes are different.
More examples?
Come on, more.
KATIE:  #WHAT.  With the "W"
That "T"?
KATIE:  No, the "W."  It's not a "W."
Ah, yes.  That.  Doesn't look like a "W."
They're different.
#WHAT
More?
The "C" in #BACK
#BACK
The "J" in #JOB?
Kinda.  I think it's more of a deletion.
#JOB.  It has deleted the movement in "J."
The handshape itself remains the same, I think.
KATIE:  #IF?
#DO!  There ya go.
Good one.  Yay!  #DO
It looks like a G-handshape rather than a "D."
KATIE:  A bit like an "O," too.
"O," you're right.
Good one!  Point for Katie.
It looks very different with the changes.
So far, we've discussed what three types of changes?
KATIE:  Handshape.
Handshape changes.  Good.
That's the third one.
What about the first two?
KATIE:  Movement.
Movement.
KATIE:  Which one was that one?
Location.
What about movement?
Nope.  1) Deletions
2) Location
3) Handshape.
KATIE:  #OK
The change in location includes movement.
KATIE:  #OK
What are they?
KATIE:  Deletions.
What kind--yes, deletions.
KATIE:  Handshape.
#3, that's HANDSHAPE.
#2?
KATIE:  Location.
Location.
1) Deletions, 2) Location, 3) Handshape
Those are the three so far.
1) Deletions, 2) Location, 3) Handshape
The example of #CAR
(right) "R" in #CAR / (left) R
It's different.
It's a changed handshape.
#NO
Different.
Movement added.
Give me an example of this.
What'd she say?
KATIE:  #SALE
#SALE
It means that we've added movement.
We've got four things now.  What's #1?
KATIE:  Deletions.
#2?
KATIE:  Handshape.
That's #3.
KATIE:  Oh.  Location.
KATIE:  3) Handshape.
And the new one?
KATIE:  Movement added.
1) Deletions, 2) Location
3) Handshape, 4) Movement added
KATIE: #BACK
That has added movement.
#SALE
#TRUE?
Or S-U-R-E
#SURE
KATIE: #SURE
Understand that there is movement.
It's not T-R-U-E, it's #TRUE
S-U-R-E and #SURE
It zigs.
KATIE:  Palm orientation.
#WHAT.  The orientation is different.
KATIE:  Reduplication.
Right.  Give me an example.
KATIE:  #DOG
Yup.  #DOG
It's done twice.
#HA is reduplicated.
#DO
#WHAAAT?!
#HA
Good.
#BACK (together)
#BACK #OFF
Go ahead.
#BACK... #OFF...
#BACKOFF
Good one.
It means two people are together in a relationship,
and both back off.
That's it.  No more relationship.
Thank you.
#BACK (together)
#WHAT
Now, we have changes that add
grammatical information.
How?  What do you mean?
"Grammatical information added" means...
for example...
#NO
If I sign...
If I ask my boss for more money,
a pay increase:
"No."  (boss-SAY-TO-me)
It adds more information.
What happened is the change indicates
who said what to whom.
Who is the subject, and who is the OBJ (object).
If I give Katie...
Give it #BACK.
When #BACK moves from Katie to me
Katie is the subject and I am the object.
The PEN moves from Katie to me.
That is GRAMMATICAL, grammatical, information.
It's added.
#NO (Katie-SAY-TO-me)
My point... there's a sign for this.  "Bed."
And there's #BED.
But what if I am talking about a...
flower B-E-D?
You wouldn't sign it like: flower "bed."
KATIE:  No.
That's funny.  Right?
KATIE:  Right.
Another example for this?
I'll suggest one for you.
A train...
#CAR
Train #CAR.
It's not a train "car."
We sign "train #CAR."
For the individual sections of a train.
Right.  You have to sign "flower #BED."
It's the same idea.
Many people sign "green #PEPPER."
Green #PEPPER.
I sign green "pepper."  It's fine.
But a lot of people sign "green pepper."
But I suggest that maybe it's better to sign
"green #PEPPER."
Busy and #BUSY
B... U... S... Y....
We have different signs.
Suppose you pick up the phone,
if you're interpreting for a Deaf friend,
and you're making a call for them.
"Ah, it's busy."
You wouldn't try to sign "busy" with one hand full.
KATIE:  #CAR
Yes, there's a sign for "car."
And there's #CAR.
If you're talking about a train #CAR.
Deaf may sign one thing, then add a fingerspelling.
For example.
Life #STYLE.
Life #STYLE.
#STYLE
KATIE:  #STYLE
Good!  #STYLE
Yay!  Correct.
Setting that topic aside.
There's also some teasing.
Understand this sign?  "Teasing"?
T-E-A-S-E
Tease.
Recently, we went on a trip to see my friend.
My friend showed me a new one.
C-O-F-F      I-N
Right.  So, in a grave?  The thing that you open,
that the person is buried in?
C-O-F-F   I-N
KATIE:  Interesting.
Here's another one:
H... E... A... V... Y
Get it?
(L-I-G-H-T)
L-I-G-H-T
Light.  Light.
KATIE:  Cool.
I have a few others.
You said in a discussion:
W-O-W
Another one...
C-O-O-L
Come on, come on!
KATIE:  LOOC
No no, swap them.
KATIE:  COOL?
Right!
KATIE:  S-(ear)-S
What's that one?
KATIE:  S-E-A-R-S
You know, the store called Sears.
KATIE:  That's one.
Yup, cool.
Any more?  OK, last one.  Ready?
H-O-N-E-Y-M-O-O-N
KATIE:  Nice!
Hi, Mom!
OK, we're finished for tonight.
So, we're done.  I'll see you on Wednesday.
