JUDY WOODRUFF: The U.S. is drawing down in
Iraq from 5,200 troops to 3,500. It is part
of a plan developed with the Iraqi government
to hand over security responsibility to Iraqi
forces.
But the country faces larger challenges that
a new, U.S.-backed prime minister is struggling
to solve.
Nick Schifrin reports.
NICK SCHIFRIN: In life, Reham Yaqob led a
clarion cry of Iraqi protest. She opened a
women-only gym and advocated female empowerment.
And she campaigned against Iranian-backed
militias.
In death, she was a symbol of those militias'
strength, and of government weakness.
YASSEN HABIB, Uncle of Reham Yaqob (through
translator): We are still in shock. We didn't
expect this. It is really a state of horror.
NICK SCHIFRIN: Her murder last month helped
spark protests in her hometown, Basra. Demonstrators
torched the local parliament, furious the
government couldn't keep them safe.
(GUNFIRE)
NICK SCHIFRIN: Iraqi security forces responded
with live gunfire. In the last 10 months,
they have killed more than 500 protesters.
Those protests condemn not only insecurity,
but also an economic calamity, a lack of jobs,
basic services, and smothering government
corruption.
AHMED SAEED, Protester (through translator):
Each government comes, gives us hope, and
says it will honor our rights. But, until
now even, our demands are still not being
met. We don't have anything.
NICK SCHIFRIN: In Basra, Prime Minister Mustafa
al-Kadhimi fired the police and intelligence
chiefs and ordered an investigation.
MUSTAFA AL-KADHIMI, Iraqi Prime Minister (through
translator): This is a new government that
is working to establish the prerequisites
of security. Its goal is to establish security
and prevent crime.
NICK SCHIFRIN: But he has struggled to de-arm
Shia militias likely responsible for Basra
assassinations.
The U.S. is reducing troop levels and transferring
bases to Iraqi control, saying the Iraqi military
is more capable. But the main challenge is
governance. Kadhimi, who is U.S.-backed, has
positioned himself as a reformer since becoming
prime minister in May.
But he inherited crises of security, economy,
and leadership all at once.
And I'm joined now by Ali Allawi, the finance
minister of Iraq.
Mr. Minister, welcome to the "NewsHour."
It seems like your job is massive. One expert
described it this way. You have to deregulate,
de-corrupt and de-militia. What is the size
of that challenge?
ALI ALLAWI, Iraqi Finance Minister: Well,
it is actually quite a large challenge and,
I think, a very serious challenge. But we
have to do what one must, given the circumstances
of the country.
NICK SCHIFRIN: We saw this horrific blast
in Beirut recently, really caused by negligence
and apathy of the government for many years.
And some of the observers that I talked to
about Iraq fear that there's a paralysis in
some of the government, and that major changes
aren't happening, just like in Lebanon.
Do you see the Beirut explosion as some kind
of cautionary tale?
ALI ALLAWI: It is.
I mean, it shows you what happens when a state
becomes hollowed out. We have not yet reached
the same level, but we're not very far from
it. We have to reassert the authority of the
government, not to allow the state to become
basically an instrument of extraneous parties
who then use it to derive advantage and benefits
from the diversion of state resources for
illicit purposes.
If we don't take remedial measures soon, the
process might have gone too far. We have to
take very important and very radical measures
soon.
NICK SCHIFRIN: Let's look at the region and
relations with Iran. Is it possible for Iran
to play a constructive security role in Iraq,
when it funds and staffs militias that are
loyal or sometimes controlled by Iran?
ALI ALLAWI: We think that Iran's involvement
in the past and in certain -- at certain times
has been problematic.
And inasmuch as they are responsible for sustaining
some of the more out-of-control militias,
I think they will -- they will need to change
and recalibrate their engagement to these
-- to these entities.
So, I think that Iran is beginning to recognize
that the way that it interacts with, engages
with Iraq, through -- sometimes, through these
militias, needs to be changed. And I think
they will move in that direction.
NICK SCHIFRIN: Let's talk about the U.S. role
in that effort.
As you said, the prime minister talks about
trying to reform those militias. He talks
often about improving government, reforming
the bureaucracy. Is the U.S. helping enough
with those efforts?
ALI ALLAWI: The United States has pulled back
from many areas in which it has been active,
had been active before.
And now it appears to limit its engagement
to mainly the area of providing support to
the Iraqi security forces. We also would like
to see the U.S. reaffirm or expand its engagement
to include sectors which it's not active now
as it was in the past, for example, in the
economy, helping us to reform, restructure.
We're not really looking for additional financial
contributions or investments from the U.S.
government, but we want to see the United
States stand behind us in various international
forums and to support us as we proceed along
this path.
NICK SCHIFRIN: Ali Allawi, the finance minister
of Iraq. Thank you very much, sir.
ALI ALLAWI: Thank you.
