The moons of Saturn have been known to hold
many secrets, and one of them seems to be
the building blocks of life!
But what does it mean?
Join me as we explore what we found on the
moon known as Enceladus.
8.
What Was Found On Enceladus
Before we talk about the compounds of life
that were found on there, we need to talk
a little about Enceladus itself and where
the compounds were found.
Because while Enceladus looks like just another
icy moon on the surface, scientists have proven
that there is an ocean of sorts beneath the
surface.
It's not an ocean like we think of our world,
but it is an ocean of liquid, and it's beneath
the crust of the moon.
Which is interesting for many reasons but
that's for another list.
What's more, this ocean actually shoots plumes
of water into the air like a geyser.
These plumes can ever reach outer space, which
should give you a reference to the height
we're talking about here.
It was within these plumes that the "building
blocks of life were found".
But what exactly does that mean?
Well, like they stated, it's PART of what
makes life possible.
It's NOT full-on life, because if they found
life on any scale on Enceladus I promise you
this list would be about a whole other topic
and we'd be even more excited for what they
found.
Still though, what they found is pretty cool,
and that's to be appreciated.
7.
"The Building Blocks Of Life"
Ok, we'll stop beating around the bush, "What
exactly did they find?"
That would be organic compounds.
Again, don't get the wrong idea, this isn't
life, but it's one of the things that make
life possible.
How so?
Well, these compounds have things like Nitrogen
and Oxygen in them, which can lead to the
creation of Amino Acids...which can lead to
proteins...which are essential for life to
exist.
These organic compounds were found within
the plumes shot out by the planet, confirming
many theories about whether Enceladus might
have had life within it or on it at one time.
To clarify, people haven't stated that Enceladus
had life, but rather, they felt that with
this water and the ocean it's within, it had
the POTENTIAL for life.
Not unlike how Earth had to go through many
transformations (and extinction-level events)
before it was capable of making life as we
know it now.
Going back to the theories, this wasn't a
random belief either.
Many scans and data analysis of Enceladus
noted that on the surface were similar organic
compounds, meaning that life COULD be possible
on the moon.
But with this recent analysis, it was those
very compounds found dissolved in water.
Which means that somehow they got from the
surface of the moon to the oceans underneath
it.
This means multiple things, including that
the organic compounds of the moon are more
spread out than previously believed.
Others also see it as an opportunity for expansion:
"This work shows that Enceladus' ocean has
reactive building blocks in abundance, and
it's another green light in the investigation
of the habitability of Enceladus," Frank Postberg
who helped make the study noted.
6.
The Similarities Between Enceladus and Earth
Ok, before we talk about colonizing Enceladus,
I'm sure some of you are still confused about
why these organic compounds are getting such
buzz from scientists.
I mean, they're just compounds of life, they
still have to work their magic to become life,
right?
Exactly right, emphatically right in fact.
But that's just it, this kind of thing has
been seen before, and it's from a place you're
familiar with...Earth.
And no, I'm not talking about the birth of
all life on Earth, but something a bit more
recent and close to home.
Mainly, the birth of life in hydrothermal
vents.
For those who don't know what those are, these
vents are special things that are born at
the bottom of oceans.
In this case, water mixes with magma from
the Earths core (that makes its way up to
the ocean floor via cracks) and they make
vents that can push out jets of water so hot
that they can reach 700 degrees Fahrenheit.
More than enough to kill...well just about
any human and most life in the oceans.
HOWEVER, it is in these vents that one of
the curious miracles of life occurs.
Because within these vents, organic compounds
laced with Hydrogen (another building-block
of life) are made, and they stack on each
other to become amino acids...which become
proteins...and from that comes life.
Life that latches on to these vents and sucks
the nutrients out of them to survive.
It's a weird thing, as nothing should survive
those temperatures, but because of how they
were born, they're basically immune to it.
What's more, this is one of the rare cases
of a new form of life being made without sunlight.
Which the moon of Enceladus wouldn't be able
to use because of distances and the waters
being under the moons crust.
This is why the scientists are so excited,
because they see the potential and the similarities,
and wonder what it could mean if they're right:
"If the conditions are right, these molecules
coming from the deep ocean of Enceladus could
be on the same reaction pathway as we see
here on Earth," Nozair Khawaja, who led the
research team behind the latest discovery,
said in a release.
"We don't yet know if amino acids are needed
for life beyond Earth, but finding the molecules
that form amino acids is an important piece
of the puzzle."
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5.
The Advancements Of The Compounds
Another reason that scientists are so excited
about what they found on Enceladus is that
there was a point where they believed that
the organic compounds wouldn't be able to
become anything.
Remember when I said they had found these
compounds on the surface of the moon before?
Well that was true, but their analysis stated
that the ones they found were NOT water soluble,
which means that if they could dissolve in
the water, they wouldn't be able to mix with
the vents that made the geysers...and then
wouldn't potentially make life like there
is in our oceans.
But now, that's changed, new compounds have
been found, they are water soluble, and that
means they could be like the ones we find
on Earth, which means a lot of interesting
things to a lot of people.
"Here we are finding smaller and soluble organic
building blocks – potential precursors for
amino acids and other ingredients required
for life on Earth," Jon Hillier, another co-author
of the study said in a statement.
If you're curious as to when and how we got
the data which showed these organic compounds
existing, that would be the Cassini Space
Probe.
Its mission was to study many things, including
Saturn and its moons.
In fact, it spent 13 YEARS doing just that,
and it helped NASA and other scientists learn
more and more about the ringed planet.
Oh, and when the probe was "done" with its
mission?
The team at NASA actually crashed it into
Saturn to destroy it so that they didn't hurt
the moons.
Hurt them how?
Well, some of them, like Enceladus, had potential
life blocks on it, crashing the probe onto
the moons may have affected that.
So they just let the planet do the dirty work.
4.
So What Now With Enceladus?
That is the question, isn't it?
What do we do with a moon that we now believe
holds the power of life within it?
It's not the easiest of questions to answer,
but I'll do my best.
First and foremost, the teams at NASA and
other agencies are going to study the data
and see what else can be found.
It was the recent study that determined what
was being found in the water plumes, so imagine
what can be found in a few more looks over
the data?
Then, the moon will be studied further, and
arguably more intensely than ever before.
Because if there is even a small chance (which
we already have you could argue) that life
COULD be on this moon right now, then we're
going to want to try and find it.
Even if it's the smallest of microorganisms
like we have in the vents in the oceans of
Earth.
As they're doing that, they're no doubt also
going to look for what's going on with the
other moons of Saturn.
Saturn has 82 moons (20 of which were discovered
recently...), and several moons have shown
promise in terms of not just habitability,
but the potential for life.
So if we're just learning about the organic
compounds on Enceladus, imagine what we might
find in terms of the other moons?
In short, this discovery, and advancement
on previous discoveries, means a whole lot
to a lot of people.
It could open up all sorts of doors and avenues...as
well as lock-in a landing point for humanity
in the future.
3.
Humanity On Enceladus?
As noted earlier, there are some who are already
drooling over the fact that the moon Enceladus
not only could have life on it, but also be
a place where humanity could live on.
At present, this is a bit of a stretch because
the moon has an icy layer to it.
But, if the ocean of water underneath the
moons icy crust is everything that we hope
it to be, then the options are there.
How so?
Well, think of it like this.
The reason we're going to Mars in terms of
our first true planet habitation event is
because not just of distance, but because
there is water that we can use via the polar
ice caps and even the mud and clay that has
been found on the surface.
Without it, Mars wouldn't be habitable in
the long-term sense.
With Enceladus, if the water can be used safely
by humanity, the it already has a massive
advantage over all the other prospects in
our solar system.
Because all we'd have to do is drill down
through the surface, and harness the water.
Something humanity already knows how to do
via our time on Earth.
Granted, there are other factors to consider,
like atmosphere, heat, energy and more, but
water is almost always the sticking point
in terms of where we want to colonize.
Plus, if there's potential life on Enceladus,
there are going to be people who want to go
there and study it.
Is it feasible to setup a colony on Enceladus?
At present, no.
It'd take WAY too long to get there, and resupply
missions would be troublesome at best.
However, it is possible, and there are others
out there who think that living on a moon
of Saturn is already our best option...
2.
Humanity On Titan
At present, there are scientists and NASA
not only thinking about planets humans can
live on, but also, moons, and one of the biggest
"candidates" in terms of moons we can live
on is the Saturn moon called Titan.
In terms of size, Titan is bigger than you
might think.
It is the largest moon that orbits Saturn,
and it is bigger than our moon and even the
planet Mercury.
That beings said, it's only 40% the size of
Earth, so that would be a small problem.
However, what it lacks in space, it makes
up for in gasses and hydrocarbons.
Specifically, liquid hydrocarbons, which has
many scientists thinking that this is a great
place to go because the amounts of liquid
hydrocarbons that they're seeing on Titan
is greater than that of the entirety of Earth:
"Titan is just covered in carbon-bearing material—it's
a giant factory of organic chemicals", said
Ralph Lorenz, who leads the study of Titan
based on radar data from Cassini.
"This vast carbon inventory is an important
window into the geology and climate history
of Titan."
Just to give you an image of what you can
expect by that statement, there are literal
seas and lakes filled with methane, ethane
and other liquid hydrocarbons.
Some have even been measured to be bigger
than the Great Lakes in the United States.
And since Carbon is an important part of life
as a whole, that means we would be able to
use the gas deposits to help fuel our culture...whatever
we put there that is.
And that's only the start of the reasons why
Titan could work.
The other big reason is the atmosphere, mainly,
Titan has one, and since it has one, it means
that things would be easier to do on Titan
than on various moons that don't have an atmosphere.
Furthermore, while not perfectly like ours,
Titans atmosphere has compounds that are in
ours like Oxygen, Nitrogen, Methane, Hydrogen,
etc.
There are some flaws in the plan to colonize
Titan.
Distance, just like with Enceladus, is a problem,
the gravity of Titan is also much less than
Earths, but, it's a big potential landing
spot.
And we need that more than you think.
1.
To The Moons!
Saturn continues to be a planet that fascinates
us here on Earth.
Between the recent findings of its new moons
(and who knows what they hold in store for
us?), to the various studies on the rings
of Saturn (including showing that they could
be dissolving at a much faster rate) and now
the finding of more organic compounds on Enceladus,
it has a lot to offer.
Which, is why there are more and more probes,
and satellites and even a nuclear helicopter
(I kid you not) being built to do more and
more tests and studies on the planet and its
moons.
The goal is to learn more, search for more
(not unlike the Mars Rovers) and get more
data for NASA and scientists back home.
Could humanity make it to those moons one
day?
Yeah, we probably can, it's just a matter
of when, and what our goals will be when we
get there.
Thanks for watching everyone!
What do you think of the discovery of more
organic compounds on Enceladus?
Do you think that this moon will hold life
eventually?
Do you think that we'll use that as a reason
to try and colonize the moon?
Let me know in the comments below, be sure
to subscribe, and I'll see you next time on
the channel!
