hello everyone hope you're fine and
welcome back to linguistics lectures
last lecture I promised you to answer
the question which is what is the
difference between modern linguistics
and traditional grammar so if you are
interested in the topic wait for me
after the intro
before going to differentiate between
modern linguistics and traditional
grammar we should think about
traditional grammar and modern
linguistics and a component of one thing
not a completely different things why
because if you remember the last lecture
are differentiated between two meanings
of the word grammar I said that grammar
used in a wider meaning and inaudible
run though the narrow meaning of grammar
makes it as a synonym for syntax which
is supposed to be this study of a
sentence structure so what linguistic
mainly concerned was if the structure of
a sentence as well as the syntax exactly
however the wider meaning of grammar is
that grammar is equal to the major four
branches of modern linguistic which is 
supposed to be phonetics and phonology
morphology syntax and semantics so
however we considered grammar as a
synonym for syntax or as a synonym for
the major four branches of modern
linguistics let's say it doesn't go
beyond the limits of linguistics itself
so we mustn't think about modern
linguistics and traditional grammar
either completely different things
that's a hint I must point out too so
now we could say that the difference
between traditional grammar modern
linguistics
is the matter of approach it is a matter
of approach so let's go to the
differences between traditional grammar
and modern linguistics the first
difference between traditional grammar
and modern linguistics in that
traditional grammar is prescriptive
however
modern linguistics is descriptive then
the the question the natural question
you should ask me now what's reading our
prescriptive and what's mean our
descriptive prescriptive grammar means
that what a native speaker should say so
the native language should be set
according to certain rules so what a
native speaker should say is what's
meant by prescriptive grammar
however descriptive a grandma is more
flexible it says that the language is
what a native speaker actually says not
what short he said so in order to make
it more clearer for you I won't give you
some examples for this brisket of
grammar versus descriptive grammar so
for example the unjustifiable making use
of the object pronoun so for example in
a sentence like who is knocking at the
door it's me or an example of he is
taller than me for example
me too all these expressions are
commonly used by a native speaker
nowadays however it is according to the
prescription grammarians non grammatical
and it's wrong why because it's
according to prescriptive grammarians
you could not make use of the object
pronoun unless you have a transitive
verb so the sentences we have here is
supposed to be he is taller than I
because there is an ellipsis and it's
supposed to be that I am and it is it is
I who is knocking on the door and I to
do that thing and so on
also another example of prescriptive
grammar versus descriptive grammar the
split infinitive so according to
prescriptive grammarians you could not
separate between two and the root of the
infinitive to say a sentence like two
perfectly master English you must
practice five hours a day this is wrong
why because you separated between the
one unity which is supposed to be the
infinitive with an ad verbal to
perfectly so instead you must say to
master English perfectly you must
practice five hours a day another
example for the prescriptive grammar
versus descriptive gamma is to have the
preposition by the end of a sentence so
this is a point of weakness in the
English structure so turning to
prescriptive grammarians it's wrong to
say that who you are talking about by
making the preposition by the end of a
sentence and you are supposed to say
about whom are you talking
the second difference between
traditional grammar and modern
linguistics that traditional grammar are
mainly concerned was written language
however modern linguistics is more
inclined towards being concerned was the
spoken language
the last thing or the last difference
between modern linguistics and
traditional grammar in that traditional
grammar unlike the modern linguistics is
mainly reliable upon
certain rules driven from the Greek and
Latin how how could it be? because the
first book which is supposed to be the
emergence of
prescriptive grammar is that of Dionysius Thrax  the idea started when Dionysius
Thrax noticed the decadence of the
Greek language and he started to put
down the rules induced from great Greek
writers like Aristotle,  Horace
Plato Socrates Euripides Sophocles
and say hey students, hey scholars,  and hey
professors if you'd like to write a
highly esteemed and highly estimated
pieces of writing you should follow
these rules which followed by those
great writers to do the same way these
rules where of course widely applicable
to the Greek language till we have the
Roman invasion of Greece when we have
the Roman adopted and their Latin
language the same techniques of writing
and in its tell the Romans transferred
these rules by the Roman conquest of
Britain and and Britain these rules were
strictly applied to English language
till the end of the sixteenth century
that's all for today so if you have a
question don't hesitate to bought it
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you
