So, lecture 32 this is Integrated Farming
System and Urban Agriculture.
So, as we are discussing about organic farming.
So, integrated farming system is a systems
or the platform where this can be performed
or the evaluated activity can be performed
to through organic way only.
So, integrated farming system does not allow
use of any chemical fertilizers chemical pesticides.
This is a cyclic manner in a cycling.
So, there are many enterprises.
If we discuss what is the integrated farming
systems, so there are many components are
there many enterprise.
So, bi-product of one enterprise that becomes
as a inputs of the other enterprise that means,
the output or the waste materials of one enterprise
that becomes useful of the input of the other
enterprise, so that in that way so, there
is no waste, no waste generation from these
farming systems.
And that also he says 0 emission concept with
the less emission or no emission of the greenhouse
gases to the atmospheres.
So, is a healthy systems where the waste recycling
system we can say.
So, there is a no wastes, the waste of one
that say input of the useful materials of
the other components.
So, this we will discuss about integrated
farming systems, how we can arrange the resources.
And the second one urban agriculture, so as
you know that we are moving to industrial
agriculture I can say urban agriculture I
say then in cities the people or the people
who want also fresh vegetables and good quality
vegetables.
And to meet the requirement of the because
city population is a growing over the years
also.
And to meet the need of the city population
how can we cater the requirement of the best
especially the vegetables we are not going
for the urban agriculture for the cereal crops
I would say the rice or the oil seeds, pulses
that are not included in urban agriculture,
especially vegetable crops cash crops high
value crops, which the village resident sorry
city residents or the city population that
needs on day to day basis vegetables.
So, can we meet the requirement of the city
peoples, it is urban agriculture.
So that we will discuss also and that can
be done through organics to have a very quality
productions and that can meet the requirement
of cities.
So, this we will discuss this integrated farming
system.
So, what is integrated farming systems?
If you see the integrated farming system represents
an appropriate combination of farm enterprises
that is a cropping system, horticulture, livestocks,
fishery, forestry, poultry and the means are
available to the farmers to raise them for
profitability.
And moreover, it interacts adequately with
the environments without dislocating the ecological
and socio-economic balance on one hand, and
attempt to meet the national goal on the other.
And the IFS in its real sense will help in
different ways to leave the economy of agricultural
agriculture, and the standard of living of
farmers of the country as a whole.
So that means, as you discussed integrated
farming system that interacts with many components
that comes that integrates the many enterprises,
you can as many enterprise as possible depending
upon the locations and the climatic conditions.
So, the locations where you do belong what
is the field area where you want to go for
the integrated farming systems and the climate
of course the climates and if technology available.
Based on that, so you can have the crops,
you can have the live stocks, you can poultry,
fishery, piggery.
So, the appear also beekeeping also one of
the parts of the integrated farming system.
So that can be in because you know so that
can be integrated in a system so that means,
the and that there is no use of the there
is no need of using the external resources.
So, only farm resources, farm output can be
recycled the on farm resources can be used
in this component to have a better productions,
to have a healthy systems we can say or the
health healthy crops.
That means, in IFS the farm resources are
allocated to the needs and priorities of the
farmers in these local circumstances, which
depends on say climatic conditions.
Such as the quantity and distribution of rainfalls,
temperature, humidity sunshine hours and the
wind velocity these are the some of the component
that that determines your planning of the
enterprise combinations or the structure you
are making to.
Of course, the soil type and soil topography
as you discussed.
You have also discussed the market so that
is a very important the market opportunities
what is the market situations, and the market
potential, for a particular demand for the
particular crop or the particular produce
or the particular enterprise and economics
the fund availability.
And the institution institutional and the
infrastructure support is available that means,
the linkage with the institutions resource
institutions, from where you can get regular
advice regular training can be can be obtained
and we can get the consultancy from the institutions
and the availability of the facility as a
infrastructural facility.
So, this is what to say integrated farming
systems where the many components are integrated
joined together to solve a that means, economic
output to have a better economic output.
And sometimes you have the sustainability,
sustainable productions and also this less
impact, on the less on the environment.
So, why do go for IFS there is integrated
farming systems?
There so that is to ensure income throughout
the year because if you go for the suppose
in case if we go for only crops right as the
single farming.
In case there is a natural calamity, there
may be drought, there may be floods any situation
or their market price slash lashes for that
particular crop then there is a huge loss
of the farmers.
On the other hand, you have the many components.
So, suppose there is the loss of crops the
loss in crops can be compensated from maybe
other enterprise, you have the live stocks,
you have the horticultural crops, you have
the live stocks, you have the poultry.
So, this loss can be compensated from other.
So, this is this is farmers are also well
acquainted with this because you know a tomato
sometimes you see the tomato price that goes
off it maybe a tomato or onion market it goes
around 100 rupees more than 100 to 200 rupees.
Beans also that goes recently market bean
price is 200 rupees a kilo and in some place
in some period the tomato same tomato it is
sold around 1 rupee, 2 rupees a kilo.
So, this type of market uncertainty the market
fluctuation if some farmer is growing only
tomato and the market price goes down or there
may be the environmental calamities.
So, there is a complete loss.
So, if there is a combination of tomato or
maybe chilli some other crops then it can
because if there is a loss to some crops then
this loss may be compensated with some other
crops.
Even if I even if you know the sometimes that
tomato the farmers do not want to pluck the
produce harvest the produced from the field
let it spoil in the field itself because the
amount of money you are spending putting labors
for harvesting and transport that from market
you may not get that price you may not get
from the market.
So that is what the integrated farming systems
having different components together you can
compensate the yield loss in case with the
market price goes down or the market slash
falls or there may be natural calamity.
So, that the farmers should not bear the economic
loss that means, this loss can be compensated
some other entities.
So that is what the, to ensure the economy
income throughout the year.
There is a need to reorient to the present
ways of agricultural practice and develop
suitable multi-enterprise agricultural system
for farmers, as single crop production enterprises
are subject to high risk of natural calamities,
irregular and uncertain income and employment
of the farmer.
So that is we have to go for the multi-enterprise.
So, that you can get the return throughout
the year, you can have the return at least
you can there is an assured return you can
get.
And also, same time that it can give the employment
generation to the part of farmers because
that can give can keep the farmers employed
throughout the year.
Shifting from single to integrated multi-enterprise
system will help to conserve natural resources
and restore to the farmer’s confidence in
agriculture besides increasing the income
of the farmer per unit land and water.
So, as per the if you go for the multiple
enterprises.
So, that is of course, there is a resource
conservation that that builds the soil fertility
and the natural resource conservations and
also at the same time that is a more productions
per unit of land and on water to.
The governing idea behind the multi-enterprise
agricultural system is that farmers can adopt
enterprise such as you know dairy, horticulture,
floriculture, bee keeping, vegetables, poultry,
duckery, piggery, mushroom, fisheries, bio
gas plant and solar heater, solar plant.
So, these are the components which can be
integrated in a particular farm.
And the entire philosophy for multi-enterprise
farming system revolves efficient utilization
of resources time and family labors while
attaining the food and nutritional security
of poor farmers that means, no you know as
you are discussing also what is the food security.
Food security does not mean that you to only
feed your family peoples only cereals, like
rice and wheat or the pulses know.
In this say balance nutrition not only for
security it should provide nutritional security
that comes when you the child we could now
see that the malnourished child because of
the nutritional insecurity there is no proper
nutrition.
To have a balanced nutrition they should take
carbohydrate they should take protein proper
protein then proper fats, minerals, vitamins
from other sources.
So, that can be available many of the mix
of fruits or vegetables.
You have to take cereals daily, daily consumptions
know a healthy a healthy human being or you
can say healthy child to have a healthy child
he should take the proper combination of the
carbohydrates, protein, fats, mineral, vitamins
and that can those can be available from sources
of the fruits and vegetables you have the
cereals, you have the pulses, you have the
oil seeds, and at the same time you have the
vegetables and also fruits you have taken
regularly.
So, that there is a balanced nutrition that
can give a nutritional security.
Moreover, if only you take the pulse crops
or the cereal crops the cereal crops may not
be utilized as we discussed the food security,
the utilization of the food may not be proper
if there is no balance right or there in balanced
nutrition from other sources.
So that is what having an integrated farming
system the farm family can get not only crops,
you can get the crops, you can get the milk
also, you can get egg as poultry you can get
egg, you can get fish from the fish pond,
can get fish and vegetables.
And also, orchard should have or orchard is
the fruit crops can be.
So that can give a balanced nutrition for
the farm family to have a help to have a healthy
because know the body is your say.
So, the purpose of this subject is to make
the to have a healthy diet so that body remains
always with the human with the persons.
So, you have to keep your body fit for every
time and if you are a fit enough then you
can be more efficient to give you a better
output or a better work.
Then key principles of integrated farming
systems so that is a cyclic principle.
So, we have discussed a lot about this that
means, the so let us say organic the cycling
organic resource livestock land crop that
means, these are the resource organic resources
or the waste of the output or the output of
the one enterprise that becomes input of the
other enterprise such as recycling principles.
Then efficient use of resources that also
have this in case of the integrated farming
systems; efficient crop residues and organic
wastes are more rationally is an important
activity of IFS.
So, for resource poor farmers the correct
management of organic waste together with
an optimal allocation of resource scarce resources
leads to sustainable production that means,
the which type of the that means, that comes
from crop planning or the farm planning.
So, what type of enterprise you have to choose,
depending upon the locations and the climates?
So that gives a benefit means what type of
the combination what how much area can be
diverted to field crops or a vegetable crops
or maybe the horticultural crops or maybe
the ponds or the poultry.
So, those optimum allocation that can decide,
that can give a better return.
Then eco-sustainable and economically viable
that is the combining ecological sustainability
and economic viability.
The integrated farming system maintains and
improves agricultural productivity while also
reducing the negative environmental impact
that means, or we are having integrated farming
systems.
This is a waste recycling concept that means,
there is no waste generation.
In case in this system there is 0 waste that
means, the waste of one input that becomes
the one enterprise that becomes the input
material for the other enterprise.
So, there is no waste generation in that case
there is no emission or the no emission of
greenhouse gases or to the atmospheres or
there is less pollution of the air or less
pollution of the ground waters.
And the as the wastes are recycled to the
in the systems they are used as input management
also there is a less use of the resources
from the external resources.
So, the with the on-farm resources we can
we can manage the system integrated farming
system the components in a better way.
And the, what are the objectives of integrated
farming systems?
The objectives are it should formulate location
specific model involving main and allied enterprises
for different farming situation.
That means, based on the locations that means,
your land type soil type and the climate and
of course, the market potentials in that you
can have a plan.
So, the main with the main enterprise depending
upon if you are going for the specially for
the vegetable productions.
The vegetable in the main enterprise then
have the allied enterprise that may have the
livestock or poultry or the fishery, fishery
pond or maybe the field crops those are becomes
the allied enterprise.
So, you have to select the planning, what
type that depends upon the objectives.
But what are we are setting your objectives
based on the locations or the soil type and
the climate and the technology available.
Then the IFS it should ensure optimal utilization
and conservation of natural resources with
the efficient recycling within each system
for sustainable production.
So that is what the objective of the IFS that
means, optimum utilization of the natural
resources and efficient utilization of resources
within the systems.
So, that we have we have a sustainable production
that is one of the objectives of the IFS.
Then it should raise the net return of the
farm household by complementing the main activity
with the allied enterprise.
That means, when you have the different combination
of enterprise so that the objective is not
only have a high production at the same time
it should be remunerative, you should provide
the economy returns there should be profitable.
And it should concentrate on developing institutional
and market linkage by inclusion of new inter
interventional technology that means, having
that that means, the when you go for the farming
systems or the organic farming or the intake
they say, as an integrated farming system
say all organic concept then you should have
the linkage with the institutions from where
you can get the consultancy or the advice
expert advice as on when you need because
sometimes we may need the advice based on
many factors where the irrigation management,
or the nutrient management or the pest management
or the processing post harvest processing
also.
In that case we should have the support from
the institutions and where we can get the
regular consultancy.
And it should address the nutritional insecurity
of resource poor farmers vulnerability and
poverty of landless live that means, that
is a very important in this case integrated
farming system, that is the objective because
in this case we are we are having the many
enterprises so that the nutritional insecurity
can be served.
Because the farm the farm family or the farm
children they can get proper diet, the proper
diet and balanced diet he can get balanced
diet.
So that you can have a healthy human being
the raising the children from the beginning
because know like plant also the children
now see the nutrition with the; if you go
for the what is say in case of the crop productions
the you need to nourish the young seedling,
young seedling requires the much attentions.
Once the seedling grows established a root
system then you may give less attention because
the root system is enlarged enough to take
care of themselves.
Similarly, for the young children this should
be proper nutrition this we should avoid the
malnutrition and a farm family should grow
the balance of crops balanced so that can
provide balanced diet at the beginning.
So, this outline of an integrated farming
systems as you say.
So, different components you can see here
the you can have the multipurpose crops, you
can have the either crops as a field crops
that includes your these cereal, grains or
the pulses, oil seeds or the vegetables or
you can have the orchard crops where I can
have the fruit trees.
So, there is a multipurpose crop and the planning
also know not necessary depending upon the
farms farm types on where you can have the
what type of crops depends suppose you have
the upland, medium layer and low land area.
So, usually when you go for the vegetable
crops or the special for the orchard crops,
we should choose for the upland area where
water does not accumulate as you have discussed
in the previous class.
So, only if you have the lowland area that
can be diverted either making a pond or the
fishery or you can grow if the go thinks of
the growing up the rice crops which can sustain
under the lowland conditions and the high-water
stagnation conditions.
So, depending on the land type we can choose
what type of crops can be chosen and can be
allocated to which land topography.
This is one enterprise and it should have
the animal there is a livestock that is second
enterprise, and the pond that the fish production
the third enterprise and also you have the
biogas plant.
So, this waste materials can be utilized and
recycled the bio gas plant that can provide
electricity to the farm family, at the same
time it can provide the fertilizers for these
crop productions.
So that means, the from the crops this crop
residue can be used as a I can grow for the
fodder crop of course, that can be used as
a feeding material for the animals and you
go for the full system as the organic concept.
No application of any fertilizer chemical
fertilizers or any synthetic pesticides.
So, everything the farm resource are recycled
and put back in the farm itself.
So, no external use of resources, only natural
sources you can you can have the natural minerals
can be used to meet the requirement of the
crops only natural sources no chemical or
the synthetic sources are used in the crops
or grown organics and that is fed to the animals
either you can have the livestock or a poultry.
So, that can be as you discussed that can
be; so, the produce can be sold as a branded
as organic.
They produce here as a milk meat or the eggs
and the animals can be used for this may be
for the cultivation purposes that the workforce.
The produced can be labeled and stored as
organic products similarly for the crops or
the food and fiber that can be labeled as
organic as you are growing organic concept.
And this is a bio gas from this in the waste
that goes to the biogas plant and you have
the energy for this maybe farm family also
we can have the you can have the bio fertilizer.
We can have a vermi compost farmyard manure
production and that can meet the nutrient
requirement of the crops and also you have
to supply the nutrient.
Also, you can sometimes you go for the vermi
compost unit above the pond.
So that the vermi compost leachate that can
be entered the pond area that can as a nutrient
for the pond and the fish also that can be
marketed as organic because the fish feed
also produced from these crops what you are
growing organically there is a feed material
for the fish.
And also use the vermicompost leachates, as
leachates that goes to the field pond also
and the fish can be branded as organic and
it is sold as organic fish.
And the water and pond water that is a nutrient
rich water that can be used for the irrigation
purpose of the crops the crops and also you
can get the nutrient from the bio fertilizer
from the compost you can get nutrients.
So that means, so there is this concept is
a 0-waste concept that means, there is no
waste on the output of one enterprise that
becomes the input of the other enterprise
this cycling manner, cycling, cycling manner
and all the products from these systems that
are sold as organic.
So, it is a only in Northeast India there
is a crop fishery livestock farming systems,
Northeast parts there is a very successful
farming system in northeast regions and the
crops where you can go upland conditions we
can go for the upland, upland paddy.
On upland also he can go up they can grow
maize crops also there are many the horticultural
crops litchi, guava and the papaya, horticultural
crops.
Livestock; they have dairy cattle, pigs, chicken,
duck and the rabbits as a live stocks and
the fish different fish like rohu, katla and
mirgal, the fish are grown also.
So, having this, so in a in a small the farmers
are they around having two hectare of lands
or a 2 to 3 hectares of land say land size.
So, he can he can keep all the enterprise
and with the optimum combination of the resources
so that the farm family can get a diet, also
healthy diets or the you can say balanced
diet we can say at the same time you can get
the remunerations maximum, maximum profit
from the farm and you can you can help in
the improving the living standard of the farm
family.
So, what are the benefits?
See the benefits of an integrated farming
system as we discussed this one, this is recycling
of resources you have discussed, because there
is no waste generation.
So, this is the waste recycling so that means,
the biproduct of a one enterprise that becomes
has input for the other enterprise then improves
the soil fertility and the soil health of
course, as you are going for organic systems.
So, there is a gradual improvement in the
maintaining the soil fertility.
Reduction in production cost because we are
not using any external resources only the
farm resources are recycled back, so that
way we are we are minimizing the production
cost decrease a farm input requirement of
course.
Efficient utilization of family labor that
means, as you have the many enterprises and
you have the output from there from throughout
the years and then also the engagement requires
throughout the years.
So, that is a full-time engagement for the
family labors.
Now, reduction in animal feeding requirement
as because you know on the we are getting
from the same farm, and minimize the use of
chemical fertilizers of course, provide the
balanced nutrition food for the farmers as
you discussed now.
So, solve the energy problems with a biogas
because as you have the waste material.
So, they can have the biogas plant, we can
have bio gas the energy and also you can provide
electricity for the farm family.
Enhance employment generation because you
are giving the throughout the year employment
to the farm family, then pollution free environment
because here there is no use of chemical fertilizer
chemical pesticides.
So, there is no pollution either ground water
or the air pollution is also, also avoided
this reduced.
Then increasing economic yield per unit area
because the same area you have the many enterprise
and also, we are not keeping the land vacant,
because the crops are grown throughout the
years, like the multi cropping systems.
So, the land as the land is not vacant and
resources because the resource is not kept
unutilized.
So, as a use of resource efficient use of
resources, so that causes the increasing economic
yield per unit area.
Then multiple income source and the family
income support as because there are many enterprises
are there, so there is income source are multiple
then improve the status and livelihood of
the farmer by the way doing the integrated
farming system.
So that enhances the living status or livelihood
to the farmers so like though you can have
the integrated farming system we have a farm
pond where you have the fish.
And also at the same time we should we must
of having a greenhouse is also a must for
a for a particular farmer, because you know
in greenhouse required to protect as it not
only as a shelter because in case of the rainy
seasons we can grow offseason crops in the
greenhouse and that can be highly remunerative,
that can add to the income of the farmers
having offseason crops inside the greenhouse
or the plastic house.
So that is a plastic house may should be is
essential for every farmer to have a better
income.
And the fishes they are also inside the greenhouse
we can grow the crop because in the winter
season.
So, we can grow crops it can give you a better
a yield is higher, and better quality because
the crops inside greenhouse are protected
from the pests and diseases, less pests and
diseases.
And you can use whole organic concept to grow
the crops inside the greenhouse, vegetables,
special vegetables you can have luxurious
vegetable the growth of you can a sweet corn,
and the pulse crops their growth is very luxuriant
growth in green house because they get temperature
good temperature at the same time, they are
protected from the rainfall no and also there
the pests and diseases.
And we have the of course, the compost unit
vermicompost is there.
So, the regular training can be provide given
to the farmers on the vermi composting how
can they use composting, how can they as you
discussed earlier so that that training can
provided.
So, having a integrated farming system concept
the farmers can get training from the multiple
enterprises, making the ponds, making the
having the greenhouse production that is how
what is the proper planning, how can I grow
the crops in the greenhouse.
And those type of the, they can get a holistic
training can be given to farmers to the multiple
because benefit they have the good return
as well as the good food for the farm family.
And there are some of the examples of this
is the integrated farming systems in upland
ecosystems say as there is a discussed water
is available used the high volume.
So, I can have a intercropping of crops like
as we discussed for the rain fed area or maybe
the and there is a less what water, low water
area low rainfall areas or the upland ecosystem
where you can have the inter cropping system.
Either sunflower cowpea or maize green gram
depending upon the location and the climate
you can intercropping you can have the livestocks,
we can have the cows and you can have the
goat farming and poultry too, and we have
the fodder crops we can meet the requirement
of the of the fodder of the of the cattle
because I discussed.
Because if you go for the organic cattle production
at least 60 of these deliberations to come
from the fresh for us the fresh, the grasses
the grass feeding systems.
So that way they are that enhances the quality
of the milk and the meat also better having
the fresh products.
So, if you go for the integrated you have
the crops, integrated crops, livestock and
the gotary and the poultry that can make a
integrated farming systems concept.
So, this is how say the farming systems are
as in village at rural area, as you can go
up every farmer having land of 2 hectare to
3 hectares are, they can also cooperative
farmer can join together.
Thus, different farm, many farmers they can
join together to have integrated farming system
concept where.
So, there is no use of any chemical fertilizer
pesticides you can get a variety of returns
variety of a items because many enterprises
you can be taken and the returns comes throughout
the years.
And you have the water source for irrigating
at least the source of water to have irrigation
for the crops and also you can get a healthy
food throughout the throughout the year.
And this is allowed the integrated farming
system I discussed about urban agriculture.
So, as you are moving to cities because no
other so that the population of city is growing.
So, how can the people in the city they can
get a good quality or the fresh vegetables
or the healthy vegetables, usually for the
urban agriculture that is confined limited
to growing vegetable crops especially, vegetable
crops are maybe the ornamental the floriculture
crops, floriculture and vegetables there is
a common for growing in urban agriculture.
So, there are two systems or two type of farming
that can be done for the that can practiced
for the urban agriculture or the cities to
meet the need of the cities one is called
the hydroponics the other is vertical farming.
So, in this hydroponics that means, the this
is a soilless culture where the crop is grown
without any soil that is through the nutrient
solution.
So, these are the pipes are there perforated
hollow, hollow pipes where the nutrient is
supplied through these pipes and the crops
are grown in grown in this part seedling stage.
And here see there is a because continuous
supply of nutrients the crop needs nutrients
throughout the growth especially the vegetables
crops and as we can supply the nutrients through
ionic form, through different sources you
can meet the requirement and we can have better
growth in a confined chamber like a the glass
house, glass house where you can have the
productions or the good quality.
Because those crops are less affected by pests
and disease as there is no soil there is a
less pest and disinfestation and is a confined
chamber.
And this is the hydroponic system, so we can
do and if you come to about vertical farming
that is also in cities.
So, this is like this is the structure of
vertical farming there are different structural
of vertical farming where the mainly the hydroponic
the crops are grown, hydroponic systems are
accommodated in vertical farming.
So, you go for the growing the by the aquaponics
or hydroponics the crops are grown, and here
you can have the rainwater tank to collect
the rainwater.
And the ground floor we can have the aquaponic
tank where you can the fish rearing, and the
water can be stored and this water can be
lifted to different floors or many floors
are there and the crops are grown in different
floors, through hydroponic the vegetables
are grown, through hydroponic systems and
that that irrigation water can be supplied
from this pond to different floors.
So, this is how the in case in urban agriculture
or the cities, as there is a need there is
a demand for the healthy vegetables or the
good quality vegetables, good quality a regular
supply of a need of the vegetable, so that
the hydroponics and the vertical farming is
as expected to meet the need of the city population.
So, as you see hydroponic, what is hydroponics?
Hydroponic is the method of growing plants
without using soil that is a soilless culture
we discussed.
So, this technique uses the mineral nutrient
solutions in water solvent, along the nutrient
uptake process to be more efficient and then
when using through soil.
So, hydroponic is growing allows a clean and
controlled environment as see the hydroponic
systems.
So, the land the land, nutrition, water pests
and diseases and labor they are all controlled
here because you are not using very controlled
environment here.
So, there is a less pest, and easy to manage.
And the nutrition means is a tailored macro
and micronutrients are formulated and supplied
regularly to the crop lands and the water
there is a less use of water, because the
water is recycled.
Here in case we are not same water nutrients
are recycled back to the; into the plant the
plants, so there is a less use of water.
No pest and disease as it is a confined area,
there is no soil medium the confined environment,
less pest and disease and this is a reduced
labor time, because there is no other operation
like a maintenance like a disease, weeds no
matter no need of disease control or weed
control so less labor requirement.
So, it is a hydroponic system, so why do go
for hydroponic because you see the see the
crops and this is the crop with soil the small
plant with the large because when you have
the growing in soil roots goes in the sorts
of a nutrients.
So, root the root grows deeper and deeper,
when in case of the hydroponic as you are
supplying nutrients to the root medium regularly
root growth is less, but at the same time
you have the better growth of the crop.
So, these are the does not require soil can
be done in home in cities, you can home or
the courtyard we can do we can have a system
hydroponic system.
Crops grow at fast pace than in soil require
very less amount of water and 0 use of pesticide
then no use of pesticide for hydroponic, and
0 there is no weed problem at all.
So, can be adapted easily concept in a vertical
farm, as you go hydroponic the is a component
of the vertical farming.
So, these are the nutrient solutions can be
used hydroponic the vermi as the vermi compost
can be made tea, vermicompost tea can be grind
the with a mixer you can mix with water and
the tea vermi compost tea can be used as nutrient
solutions or the vermiwash they contain less
nutrients.
It is better to have the vermicompost tea
has a higher nutrient content as compared
to vermi wash.
The tea can be prepared from the vermi compost
and the vermi compost tea can be as a system
the system they can be a tank here, where
the nutrient can be stored with a motor is
there and that can be circulated to this pipe
and this also can be recycled back to the
tank itself.
So, there is a regular recycling of the nutrients
and you have to judge the quality of the nutrient
solution, so the pH, and other nutrient content
and that if necessary, that has to replace
in regular intervals to avoid any adverse
effect on the growth of the crop.
So, likewise you can go for the say vertical
farming.
So, in 2050 about 80 percent of the world
population will be are around urban centers
and plus 3 Billion population more.
So, most of the water is used around 70 percent
fresh water used for agriculture, but the
however, the water is going to be limited
in future due to climate change.
So, and also land area is also going to limited.
So, you have to go for the production the
limited lands.
So, hydroponics or the vertical farming, one
of the opportunities where you can we can
progress much we can do much progress to challenge
the issues of the land degradation or the
shrinking of the land area and the availability
of water for the future agricultural productions.
So, multi-storeyed building growing different
crops at each floor integrated assembly assembly
line including the seed sorting facilities
and distribution.
So, we have different floors, we can have
the different crops and different activities
in different floors, continuous planting system
including monitoring and growth harvesting.
Creating and maintenance of eco-system that
acts to enable the urban populations to manufacture
and produce food quality.
So, in case of vertical farming, so different
layers are there, we can have the different
activity when the nursery raisings or the
supplying the nursery to different nursery
can be raised also in many floors.
Seed materials, seed raisings or nursery raisings
and also different vegetable can be grown
in different layers.
And there is system of we can supply water,
as the water can supply to all the floors
and water is collected from the rooftop having
the rainwater tank and can be collected fish
can be grown.
Of course, if I am going for the aquaponics
also here you can have the floating, aquaponics.
So, here the vegetables can be grown under
aquaponics system also, with hydroponics with
the aquaculture system.
So, these are the systems used vertical farming.
Usually the hydroponics is a component of
vertical farming can go for the nutrient less,
sorry soil less nutrient solution culture
is used for the hydroponics and also float
systems as aquaponics combined with hydroponics.
So, in the pond we can have the fishery you
can have aquaculture at the same time and
the pond also you can grow the vegetable crops
using some structural materials, and the nutrient
solutions vegetables can be grown over on
the pond also.
Then aeroponic also that is here you can have
a spraying of the nutrient solution by the
mist and nutrient solution through the air,
the root system root can be kept moist throughout
through the aeroponic systems.
So, these are the some of the high-tech agriculture
I can say, for this say urban areas, areas
where there is a need some group of population
they want.
Because many of many people are very interested
to have a healthy vegetable good quality vegetables
which can be for supplied to the cities by
having hydroponics or the vertical farming
in cities can be established and that can
meet a target certain group of a peoples who
can afford because of course that can be expensive
crops as compared to normal soil, but yield
is a higher.
So, this can meet the requirement of the cities.
At the same time you go for the integrated
farming systems for the rural areas where
we can have a mix of the enterprises, many
enterprises can be taken and the whole systems
either hydro either the integrated farming
systems or the hydroponics or the vertical
farming, whole system comes on the organic
concept organic farming concept so that we
can have a better quality of produce.
So, we can avoid use of the synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides.
So, with this I close this lecture.
Thank you very much.
