Acorn chose their brand name for two reasons,
firstly, because it came high (and above Apple)
in the phone book or whatever indexing system
you preferred and secondly, because it signified
a growing company, because as well all know,
acorns grow into acorn trees…… And grow
they did, Acorn established themselves in
1978 with Chris Curry, who parted working
for Clive Sinclair and Hermann Hauser, who
helped provide backing for the company. From
this point they recruited Steve Furber and
Rodger Wilson – who is now known as Sophie
Wilson for those of you left confused- , and
they created the Acorn Atom and subsequently,
the BBC Micro… a machine created in collaboration
with the BBC to promote literacy in schools,
and feature heavily in the BBC’s own computing
television programme, Micro Live. However,
it’s from this point on that that Oak tree
began to show signs of rot. Acorn’s electron
failed to meet the sales that Acorn had hoped
for, which led to Olivetti effectively buying
the company out in late 1985, but not before
Acorn had started development on a now infamous
micro-processor… the ARM chip. This processor,
designed mostly by the original Acorn team,
kept the brand going for the next decade,
and was the core of Acorn’s new Archimedes
machines, with the powerful and well kitted
A300 machine launching in mid 1987. This original
machine came bundled with the ROM based Arthur
operating system and featured 8 bit stereo
sound and 256 colour output. It fared well
in Ireland, Australia and the UK, where it
was still flying under the BBC Literacy in
schools logo. These machines were followed
by the 3000 series in 1989, which adopted
the familiar all-in-one form factor in line
with the Atari ST and Amiga models available
at the time. As with the BBC Micro, Acorn
produced a monitor stand to allow the machine
to be housed easier in school environments.
The A3000 retailed at £649 and featured an
8MHz ARM2 processor, 1MB of RAM, and came
with the new RISC 2 Operating system. It also
provided a number of new video resolutions
as high as 800×600, with up to 16 colours.
This was the last machine to come branded
under the BBC Micro name. A number of other
Archimedes machines followed, but these were
mainly desktop units designed for business
or high end education. The true successor
is the machine I have in my current possession…
The elegantly lined Acorn A3010…. Now, I’d
like to point out that Archimedes was an ancient
Greek Mathematician regarded as possibly THE
leading scientist from classical antiquity.
He mastered a number of geometrical theorems
and invented many wonders such as the Archimedes
screw. If you hadn’t realised, this is who
the Acorn machines are named after. Launching
in September 1992 for £499, the A3010 was
intended as more of a home computing model
to compete with Amiga’s and Atari’s offerings,
although it was pretty late and expensive
guest to the party. It came with a TV modulator
to allow standard RF output, 9 pin joystick
ports, and also boasted a new ARM250 CPU with
a faster 12Mhz clock speed and integrated
sound, video & memory controller components.
Given that this machine also featured the
new and rapid ROM based RISC OS, it was a
pretty formidable machine in terms of performance,
and like for like, could easily stand up to
the Amiga machines. The machine came in a
number of packages, including the Family Solution,
Action Pack, Learning Curve and this special
edition monstrosity. Of course, launching
so late, the main problem was weaving into
an already established market, whilst concurrently
being squeezed out of the educational markets
by IBM compatible PCs, which were becoming
much more affordable and mainstream. The high
price of the A3010, combined with these problems
would again lead Acorn’s computer development
onto a downward path… BUT, before we get
onto that downward spiral of depression, let’s
focus on the good points. RISC Undoubtedly,
we’ve all heard of RISC, but what does it
mean? Well, in simple terms, it stands for
Reduced Instruction Set Computing, which translates
to meaning that there are fewer functions
built into the CPU, therefore making it more
efficient & lower powered. It’s essentially
a more elegant, bare to the bones CPU, compared
to say an Intel processor, which houses many
functions in hardware, which could effectively
be run in software. So even though these functions
are left to software, the hardware efficiency,
more than makes up for it. Now although RISC
processing wasn’t exclusive to Acorn, the
ARM chips were. ARM standing for Acorn RISC
Machine, and was originally intended for an
office automation system. But, thanks to the
flexibility of a small instruction set, and
the incredibly efficient design by the acorn
team, these processors and associated chip
set would form the basis of the Archimedes
system. The flexibility and efficiency are
the reason why we have newer versions of them
present in the majority of our small devices
today. Your mobile phone almost certainly
has one. Compared to the CISC (Complex instruction
set computing) Motorola 68000 processors present
in the Amiga and Atari ST machines, the Archimedes
A3010 ARM processor was several times faster
in terms of instruction cycles. This is elegantly
demonstrated in the fractal based Mandelbrot
sets and 3D Lander game by David Braben (of
Elite fame). The only exceptions were when
particular complex instructions were executed.
These required multiple steps for the ARM
processors, but were completed in a single
step on the 68000. Another factor of the Acorn
range was the Operating system being built
into ROM, and a mighty fine operating system
it was too. Now you might shout, but hey!
Most Atari ST’s had their operating system
and GEM Desktop built into ROM….. yeah,
they did, but RISC OS was incredibly powerful
and user friendly. Sharing much in common
with much later operating systems such as
Windows 95, it really was ahead of it’s
time. RISC OS 3.11 comes installed on my A3010,
and offers a volume driven, windows based
experience, similar to what you’d find on
most modern systems. It employs co-operative
multitasking, which effectively simulates
true multitasking by giving up operating time
depending on which application has the focus,
and is incredibly user friendly. I had no
trouble just diving right into it. It’s
also one of the first interfaces to adopted
the three button mouse, with the middle button
used for menu tasks, left for selecting and
right for opposites (such as erasing on a
paint programme). The OS comes bundled with
a number of programmes to ease your computing
pleasure and retains BBC BASIC, which just
gives me that warm educational 80s classic
computer feel. This hark back to the past
is one aspect I love about these machines.
The Machine Outside the machine looks very
similar to other home computers of the time,
although Acorn tried to retain the red function
key feel of the earlier BBC Micros. To differentiate
across use, they adopted a green colour scheme
for the home bound A3010 series, red for the
educational models such as the original A3000
and the A3020 which was released at the same
time as the A3010 but with more memory and
an on board hard disk, and grey for business
intended machines such as the A4000, which
launched at the same time again, and the A5000
which was oddly launched a year prior. The
keyboard offers a nice tactile response, and
feels much higher quality than both the Amiga
and Atari, which always felt a bit wobbly
& clackety to my sensitive little digits.
Swinging her round to the back we find a plethora
of ports for…. Parallel Serial Joysticks
1 and 2 A mouse, with a custom connection
which varies from the PS/2 specification A
stereo headphone jack Monitor out RF out Also,
this is where you find the power switch, with
the PSU built into the case, much like The
Atari ST. On the left hand side of the machine
is a handy reset switch. And although I’ve
mentioned hardware briefly already, if we
really want to get down and dirty, which we
of course do, inside the machine we find….
A 3.5″ disk drive, which formats to 1.6MB
1MB of standard RAM with a 1MB upgrade 2 RISC
OS 3.11 ROMs An on board speaker, which produces
those distinct and pleasant Acorn tones and
of course, the ARM250 CPU running at 12MHz
(early models had a daughter board containing
the earlier ARM2, along with separate components
sound, graphics and memory) The ARM250 can
produce 8 channel 8 bit stereo sound which
is multiplexed in software into hardware channel.
It can also display several resolutions up
to 800×600 and a maximum colour output of
256 (from 4096) at 640×512. The chip could
actually handle resolutions up to 1152×896
with 2 colours if required, but these weren’t
built into the operating system as standard.
Hooked up to this Acorn AKF60 montior, the
display looks crisp and clean at 640×480.
Because of the slightly strange scan rates
utilised by Acorn machines, not all VGA screens
will accept the input, and most of the time
you’ll need a pretty forgiving Multi-sync
monitor if you haven’t got a proper Acorn
model. This was improved over the A3000 which
featured an analogue RGB out but lacked a
VGA VIDC enhancer. So, let’s get onto the
main show here. What this particular machine
was intended for… GAMESSSS… Games Now,
as you might expect, the games library for
the Archimedes range is somewhat restricted
compared to it’s rivals, especially games
designed for the A3010 hardware, which is
technically not far off the Amiga 1200. But
given the Archimedes range had been going
for 6 odd years by this point, there’s still
a reasonable collection to choose from. Some
are Amiga ports, some are unique to the system.
Here are some of
the best; Final Points So I guess there’s
little left to say about this fine machine.
Like so many, it could have been so much more
than it was, but like so many, it was slightly
mis-placed, a little too expensive and just
too optimistic for it’s own good. The A3010
was followed by the A7000 in 1995, which I
also have in my collection, and is the last
of the Archimedes series, although this machine
was much more like the RISC PCs Acorn launched
as a successor to the Archimedes range in
1994. So in that context, I feel it warrants
it’s own review. In the mean time, feel
free to check out my inspection of it from
the other week. So, the Archimedes range on
the whole did reasonably well. It kept the
flag flying in the education market and it’s
RISC performance helped it gain traction in
the business world. It’s just a shame that
the A3010 was a little too late for the home
market. I think we can all agree however,
that the true legacy for this machine, and
Acorn in general is not only that they gave
countless British children the opportunity
to learn computing and programming, but also
the amazing ARM processor. As an original
subsidiary of Acorn, it continues to this
day as one of the most dominant micro processor
designers in the world. And as legacies go,
that’s quite 
a 
good one 
to lay claim to.
