okay we want to sort of go through the
words in the vocabulary on page 31 of
Hanson and kwinda the first vocabulary
list and that you're going to learn in
in Greek we want to make some comments
about the particular words but learning
learning vocabulary words is always an
important part of Greek right of
learning any language so we're going to
correct some things we're going to
emphasize some things we're going to
make some comments but the thing that
you need to do is to start thinking
about how you want to learn these words
staring at them isn't enough you need to
make an effort and and writing them down
on a piece of paper and saying them out
loud or reading them into a some kind of
a recording device and listening to them
learning you know what one of the things
that I did what kinds of things we use
there are these um I think we keep
saying the vendor that we should get you
like a list of there's these sites that
will make make online little cards for
you oh that's flashcards Cleveland yes
Quizlet yes they that you can do that
but you need to do something to teach
yourself and one thing that I recommend
is that if you're going to do things
like flash cards instead of going from
the Greek word to the English word you
do it the other way around that is you
try to be a good thing that's we're
trying to think of a Greek one house so
it's kind of being on the inside of
Greek instead of on the outside of it
okay so anyway let's look at these words
so the first thing to notice is that
there's a convention that the that is
not just the books about how you list
nouns that is for example the first one
is para and that's the nominative
singular that's the base form of any
Greek noun that on
Stingo and then the second form is its
generative
I'll go draw okay agoura is a noun of
the whole rock type that is it's a
technique type where the original long
alpha has not changed into an ADA okay
so it shows the rule that we talked
about when it's accented on the final
syllable it changes to it okay excellent
right so we see that and and we also see
the third thing after it is hey okay
that is the feminine nominative singular
of the definite article that's a way in
which you you express what gender are
Greek noun is but by putting the
appropriate gender of the nominative of
the article so if you go down to the
next one Adel thoughts it gives you
another thoughts about food the genitive
and then ha then it tells you in
parenthesis that it has this weird
normative accent I'd alpha that's why
it's giving it that form so so
nominative genitive and gender are
enough to identify that the reason we
have these three things is that with
them you can identify the class that is
the declension alas is what we call them
to which any noun belongs once you see
those three forms and you've learned
nouns in the way that we're doing them
here you can tell which which class it
belongs to okay
nominative genitive and gender so
addiction of all the dictionaries give
you those that information first okay
all my stuff that you would alright
so book doesn't tell you this but it's
important to understand that it defines
let's look at these words there's Agora
which it defines as marketplace okay
it's it's a it comes from this is a noun
from a verb that means gather okay so
it's a place a gathering place okay and
in Greek city-states there are various
words and different different Greek
dialects but in Greek city-states
there's a theory anyway a central space
which is held in common like the Boston
Common okay where where people
congregate and the climate like that at
we see people
can congregate in all the kinds of
weather and if you go to Athens there's
a you can go visit the Agora dimeric ins
excavated it it's a big area okay where
are lots of public business was held
where there were buildings having to do
with the government of the of the city
state there was a prison there were
places in which famous people were
immortalized and all kinds of stuff like
that so it's a place where where people
will go and hang out okay and so it's an
important thing in a more it's not just
about buying and selling stuff although
that went on as well there are places
for example we know there was a place
where they were banks okay because I
think that banks we know there was a
place where people sold books in the
latter part of the fifth century when
people started writing books each one by
hand okay so there's no printing press
things like that so so it's a kind of
lively area it's not far from the
cemetery and it's it just at the foot of
the Acropolis you look up and you see
the Parthenon front of the Agora now
it's a great place to go all right um
so you want to expound a little bit more
on the cultural value of this word okay
in some Greek city-states other key city
states have other names for this central
space and we can talk about that when we
get to it so there's other foss the word
for brother we talked about that earlier
there's an through boss which it
translates in an old-fashioned way is
man it only means man the sense of human
being okay it means it means human being
as opposed to animals okay it's not a
gender specific even though it's a
masculine noun it's not a gender
specific term okay so it's not like men
and in English okay
it means human being of any of either
gender as opposed to lion or dog or
animal okay as a class then the next
word is bibley on Ghibli you okay so
there you see a nominative that ends in
do okay oh that's that tells you that
it's the second declension neuter noun
like dole rond okay the genitive is GU
and then it tells you talk
the gender is new year and that says
that means book okay that's an
anachronism okay there were no books in
ancient Greece okay what people wrote on
papyrus that's what the big lost part of
it comes from and what billion means is
a little thing made out of a virus okay
and what I refers to is not book but
Scrolls okay that Greeks made big
Scrolls of papyrus onra on a wooden
thing that you could unroll and read
that way when they had books okay which
they didn't have for a long time and
writing was nada was not a feature of
Greek city-states until that people
accepted until the latter half of the
fifth century BCE
this is several years after the big that
I mean several hundred years after the
historical period and after they
actually had a writing system okay so so
you have a writing system already
attested in a century BCE but the people
didn't use it okay they hated it in fact
all right anyhow there's no R on the
word for gift okay in this society gifts
are a big deal we can talk more about
that some other time it says that also
the dictionaries this the vocabulary
list says that it means a bride okay
that's just a gift in a political
context okay the to us that sounds very
bad we wouldn't want to have the same
would be something nice like a gift and
Bry and also something bad like a bribe
okay but it means means stuff that that
you give to people in order to get
something back in return
okay the notion of reciprocity is that
I'm not just an implicit but even an
explicit thing in this word if I give
you a gift you only want to return again
so there's a lot of language like that
an ancient Greek about giving gifts all
right then we get in a row three
prepositions base which means into or in
or it with a with in other cases it
means for the purpose of okay so if you
have for example the word for battle
after ace ace mine is the word we've got
a little bit farther down behind
hey which is a sound like Technic if you
say ace mocking it can mean into battle
or for the purpose of battle for
fighting okay stuff like that we don't
have this association in English between
into or in and for but it means motion
into a place okay the then the next one
is X or X okay the reason that you have
the two forms is that it's a Kuenn the
next word begins with a well and x1 it
begins with a consonant okay
this is important things about how
different languages deal with the words
that go together end of them and how
they their final syllables or vowels
change but it's not a universal thing in
Greek that do you have stuff like this
happen but there are very few words and
Greek the end with a K lots an end with
an S yeah okay
the third degree that means out of or
from okay and then finally there's N
which means in okay so what's the
difference between a and N and base is
going into a place and or to a place and
n is sitting in a place okay notice all
three of these have no accents so
they're like ha and hey the definite
article and the nominative singular fast
masculine feminine high and high that is
they become a syllable of the word that
follows it these are pre positions
prepositions in English which means that
the pre part means that they come before
a noun that follows them so into a house
out of a house in a house you've got to
have a noun after them in English and
you do in Greek and the little thing
after when it says ace and then it says
prep that's that's abbreviation for
preposition then it says plus ACC that
means the noun that follows ace has to
go in the accusative case the noun that
follows X or X has to go in the genitive
case and the noun that follows and has
to go in the dative case the these these
cases are not randomly assigned to these
words and they have to do with general
functions of cases but we can talk about
that later on
all right the next noun is airgun air
goo Tom Noonan originally that was we're
gone with a W but the W as we said today
in class disappeared so it's actually
cognate with the word work in English
okay maybe that's helpful
now here we come to the house we're
getting something too much I'm on these
things that us is a noun that means God
okay it gives you the nominative for us
and the genitive there oh and then it
says after it for where you expect the
gender ha for hey okay in other words
that ass can be masculine or feminine
okay that's not that's a form the form
doesn't change it still looks like the
Oz but if it's you can say hey the us
now that's true and at a Greek and even
more specifically if in Athens you say
hey the wizard Polly see you know yeah
she's the goddess okay you don't have to
say anymore it's like our lady okay it's
it's a it's enough of a cue as to who it
is on the place and the words but but
it's an example of what we are talking
about and that is that long pounds that
look like their second declension can be
masculine but some of them most of them
are masculine but some of them are
feminine and some of them are like the
ass that is they can switch okay
depending on whether you what you mean
so here's a case where gender isn't just
romantical because gods have real gender
and you distinguish between the males
and the females ones with the definite
article all right
then there's Chi one of many words in
Greek that means and okay mind-boggling
and seems like a simple enough concept
but in Greek there are all kinds of ways
to slice and dice it so it's the one
that basically connects sentences okay
we tend to discourage people from using
and but to use to connect one sentence
to another except with a comma in
English anyway but you can do that a lot
with Chi but you can also coordinate
sentences like today it's hot and I feel
sweaty okay that's that you can do with
Chi okay when you have two of them
together when you say Chi this Chi that
then it means both end okay usually if
sentences
but it can also be individual words so
KY is the kind of Communists in the most
ubiquitous word for and great there's
law Gauss law guha the word for word
speech and story it also means reason
okay so that's pretty complicated that's
a lot of different things for one word
that we distinguish okay so here's a
opposite thing that drink has one word
we have many okay doesn't happen that
often
Mahe as I said a moment ago is the word
for a battle this also here's a regular
noun of the second declension a sauce
and a soup and it gives us gender as hey
okay as it is it's feminine okay a book
will try and trip you up with things
like a sauce hey and fellow us hey watch
out for these things so it's inflicted
just like the masculine nouns log
asean-us on logotype but as gender is
feminine
hey and the same is true of the word
after the definite article hadass the
word for Road word nee sauce we have in
things like Peloponnesus I don't know
that's a Greek place we have any other
nice words in English I can't think of
any but anyhow there's Hadassah rhymes
in English in the word that used for the
thing in a car that registers the miles
you've gone which is called odometer yep
so it's a word for Road okay next word
is or a Kia or a kiosk which means house
or household okay it's really a not a
word for a physical unit so much as a as
a as a sociological unit it means the
people the physical house and the people
in it and the people can be citizens and
slaves okay
and even include the animals so so
that's that then we get huh Maris Homero
the name of the poet homer okay
we're going to learn lots of things
about him that are untrue because we're
just making up sentences he didn't have
a brother believe it or not combined
melosa sentences about his brother that
we know of anyway but that's an example
of a good Greek name
we get to verbs and the third person
singular more about that though the one
that means educates and the one that
means sends Speidel way and PEM pay more
about verbs in the next lesson so we
need them to be able to make some kind
of sentence so that's why we're teaching
the book divides out in the next lesson
then there's techne hold ah okay okay
the word that means soul we talked about
this one we're starting to read ψυχή
ψυχή notice it's got an accent
on the last syllable and it shows the
accent rolly-polly see pointed out where
the agenda it has a circumflex in the
nominative has an acute in the first
election noun and lastly there's the
word Oh with a circumflex accent and a
smooth breathing over it that that says
it's used with a pocket if in fact it
identifies market is okay it
distinguishes them from nominative so
you used
oh and break to say to make sure that
people know that it's not the subject of
the sentence we don't have to translate
it in English as oh the the letter O Oh
Oh bill nobody says that anymore okay
okay can you feel like if you can but
that's it all right they're giving you
some help with a vocabulary that's
interesting that was a long-winded think
