Transcriber: Fernando Muñoz
Reviewer: Maria Pericleous
I was a lot less nervous
during dress rehearsal
when they where only eight people here.
(Laughter)
So, they told me
that I was going to die
and I went on a bike ride.
My own history in cycling,
—and I'm going to ask
for a show of hands
to see if this resonates—, is:
I learned how to ride a bike
when I was about seven years old,
my range went from the backyard
to the block.
Couple of years later it went to
a few more blocks.
By the time I was 12 or 13,
I was riding around
the entire neighborhood.
My bike was my source of freedom,
it allowed me to escape from my parents
and it alowed me to interact
with my friends
without my parents being in the next room.
It was just a wonderful source of freedom!
Then I turned 16.
I got a driver's licence,
I had access to a car,
and now I had a new defiition of freedom.
It's hard to see with the lights,
but how many of you would share
that sort of history and story 
with your own biking?
Raise your hands.
Oh my God!
Almost everybody.
We also had social media in my day.
We didn't do it on our phones,
we didn't do it on our ipads,
or our computers
because we didn't have any of those.
We still were able to find out
where our friends were.
Today, if you go on Facebook,
almost every day on my feed
there's a map of St. Paul
with a little dot at the airport saying:
"@ MSP Airport on my way to Chicago"
"On my way to Paris", 
"On my way to Timbuktu".
We're always trying
to impress one another
with where we are going
or where we've been.
And we'll see pictures
from all of those places
over the next few days.
In my day we also knew 
where we were going
and we knew where we were,
and we knew that--
We knew where the bikes were!
We knew where Danny, Timmy, Tony,
we knew where they were because
we saw their bikes outfront.
I know that this is a scientific community
here in the audience,
probably many of you are scientists,
and you all love data,
and you love big data,
and I'm going to give you,
not big data, but I'm going to give you
a few data points that will help frame
the discussion that we're about to have.
600 000 - This is the number of people
who die every year in the U.S.
from, what are wholly preventable,
sedentary related illnesses.
33 000 - This is the one
that makes me crazy.
This is the number of people
who die every year in car crashes
in the United States.
And it's been about this level
for decades.
I'm going to ask you in the audience,
how many of you have lost somebody,
who is a friend or a family member,
to a car accident or a car crash?
About a fourth or a third of you.
That's a lot of people!
If you listen to the news, we don't hear
very much about this,
there isn't a lot of outrage,
in fact, it seems to be
an acceptable number
based on the fact
that there isn't a whole lot of things
that we're doing about it.
I also want to ask you, how many of you
have had friends or family died
as a result of domestic, here in the U.S.
terrorist attacks?
Okay, almost nobody,
yet when you listen to the evening news,
you don't hear about--
Car crashes don't lead the story,
but yet if somebody is killed by somebody
from the ISIS, or by Al-Qaeda,
it leads and it sticks for a few days.
It's part of the 24-hour
times three news cycle.
One. The number of people on this stage
right now whose life has been saved
by the bicycle.
12. This is the number of pounds that
the average person loses
after one year
of commuting by bike.
15. This is the number of minutes
that physicians tells us we should spend
doing moderate excercise every day.
When I think about excercise
I think about people getting
in the SUV or the pick-up truck
driving down to the health club,
(Laughter)
driving around the parking lot 
so that they can find a spot
close to the entrance,
(Laughter)
and then going up to the escalator
so that they can use the StairMaster.
(Laughter)
And so that they can ride
on the stationary bike.
I'm guessing because you're laughing,
that there's some truth
that you see to this,
and it saddens me, frankly.
50. This is the percentage of trips
that we take in our cars
that are under two miles.
Easy to bike, easy to walk.
4.8%. That's the mode share 
in Minneapolis, the number of people
riding their bikes to work every day,
it's about 4500 people.
It's increasing every single year.
When I'm riding my bike
I can really see that.
100 000. This is really interesting.
Anybody who lives in the suburbs
but would like to live in the city,
but they can't afford it.
Sell the car,
it's worth a 100 grand in mortgage value.
Now you can afford a house that costs
$100 000 more, in the center of the city,
if you want to be
in a walkable neighborhood,
a bikeable neighborhood,
and have access to the things in a
neighborhood whilst not using a car.
Eight. That's the number of euros
in the nordic countries
that they have determined
is a return on a one-euro investment
in bicycle infrastructure in their cities.
The effects to the environment,
the impact on medical costs
—from driving as opposed to biking—
is a huge return on investment.
And then the last number...
19 000 000. This is the number
of biketrips that are taken
every single day,
not in th U.S. but in The Netherlands.
I started out by telling you 
that there might be a story
about me and my own life
and my own health.
I was a patient at Mayo clinic
from 2007 untill now,
but I followed my GI doctor
up to the twin cities
when her fellowship was over.
And when my papers came with me
or my records came with me,
I saw that she had written
during my last visit:
"Patient appears younger than stated age".
Yes!
(Laughter)
This is a thing that every one of us
wants to see, specially those of us
who are older than 60.
I have Crohn's disease.
The official term I'm told is:
"Duodenal Crohns
with stricturing disease".
It's made my life miserable.
In '07 I had a couple of surgeries,
the disease spread very rapidly
after the surgeries.
In '08, both doctors here at
Mayo Clinic and doctors of
Virginia Mason Medical Center
in Seattle said:
"If the disease continues
to spread the way that it has,
you won't be able to absorb
any nutrition in three to five years."
It was a pretty miserable time in my life,
most of my feeding was done
through a backpack and a picc line
through what is called TPN,
I don't even know the--
Is it a Latin or English name for it?
I just knew that the backpack 
was my friend because it fed me.
What did I do?
I did what anybody who is terminal,
or has been told
that they're terminal, does:
I went for a bike ride.
First, about a block,
because I was very weak.
Next day, two blocks.
Third day, around the block.
And after some months
I was riding for some miles.
After a couple of years
of riding like that
—I made a few changes in my diet,
but fairly minor—
after a few years of that
I was able, against medical advice,
—sorry Dr. Party if you're here—
to take myself off of the really
massive immunosuppressants
that I were on.
They were kind of dangerous.
They didn't really had
any bad side effects for me.
It didn't matter that much, I just
didn't liked the idea of taking them
so I took myself off of them, left only 
an acid reducer and that was it.
And since, I've been geting better
and better and better.
I still have Crohn's disease,
it's a chronic disease
that we live with forever
and there's a flare here and there,
but for the most part I'm better
and I tribute the lifesaving
to the bicycle.
This is Laura and Sam.
They both have Crohn's disease,
they're married.
Sam had what he believes to be
lifesaving surgery here at Mayo Clinic,
and he's insanely grateful
for the help that he's gotten.
They wanted to find a way to give back
through The Crohn's & Colitis Foundation,
so what did they do?
They went on a bike ride,
although this time the bike ride was
from Seattle, WA; to Portland, ME.
And this are two people who are sick
during this entire ordeal,
but they were determined to get
to the other side of the country
and to do so healthy.
By the time they got to the other end,
they reported that they're way healthier.
There's a story that I
heard on MPR a while ago,
I wish I could remember the woman's name.
I only remember that she was 72,
had Parkinson's disease,
and her doctor put her on the back
of his tandem bicycle and went for a ride,
a really intensive ride,
and when she got off the bike
her symptoms had subsided.
They came back over
the course of a few days
and so they went
on another bike ride
and they subsided again.
This woman
—and it seems from the article
you see on the screen here—
they're finding that riding a bike
will take care of symptoms
and if you keep doing it,
you can be more or less symptom-free,
have a symptom-free lifestyle or life
due to the transformational nature
of the bicycle.
It isn't just a recreational toy,
I think of it as pretty cool tool.
Amsterdam, which is kind of
considered to be the Mecca of biking
—I want to take us now
to that 19 million figure—
Amsterdam is kind of the Mecca
as we think today,
there are millions of people, as we said,
every day riding around the country.
There is great bike infrastructure,
you can ride safely wherever you go,
you're always among a ton of cyclists.
But it wasn't always like that.
In the '60s, Amsterdam looked like this:
Even in this photograph, which is kind of
choked with cars, there is a cyclist.
It is not a very safe place
for her to be riding,
but that's what she had in the '60s.
In the early '70s
there were a lot of children,
for some reason,
that were being killed by cars
in The Netherlands
and so women started a program,
—a protest, really— called
"Stop murdering our children!"
It was a very effective message
to the goverment.
The goverment embarked
on a decades-long program to,
number one, protect their
most vulnerable travelers
—pedestrians and cyclists—
and also to make it easier and to enjoy
the health and economic benefits 
that they could receive from making life
easier for cyclists.
This is what it looks like today.
I counted in this photograph,
there is six cars,
that's the easy part to count.
There are 60 cyclists!
In the U.S., even today in a place 
like Minneapolis, which is considered
to be a pretty bikey city,
the situation is reversed.
Do you think it would be stress-relieving
to be the car number 59 in that queue,
or do you think it would be
more stress-releasing
to be one of the bikes who is riding
on a path that's protected, safe,
and will allow you to get to your
destination probably more quickly?
A little closer to us is Detroit, MI;
some tremendous strides
in the last few years about investments
have been made in Detroit,
but mostly they've been downtown
and in the first ring of neighborhoods
around downtown,
but out in the rest of the city 
it kind of looks like this,
a lot of old factories
that are dilapidated
and ready to be demolished;
and in many of the neighborhoods
there are homes that look like this
that are no longer homes to people.
Flight from the city has been phenomenal,
by some accounts, almost a third of people
who left what was once
the fifth biggest city in the country
leaving it looking like this.
I met a guy named Jason Hall
when he came to speak at a conference
in February in the twin cities,
and he was looking for something 
that he and his friends could do
that would bring them together in Detroit
because the neighborhoods
were kind of spread out
with a lot of this abandoned stuff
lying between them.
And so, Jason went on a bike ride.
He did it first with his best friend,
they did it on a Monday night.
The next Monday night
they did it with a few more friends.
Jason tells this story,
they made those friends
pretty angry by insisting
that the following Monday
they'd bring all of their friends.
And before he knew it
there were a few dozen riders,
and a couple of months later
there were a few hundred riders,
and today when they hold this ride
every Monday night in Detroit
and they go to different neighborhoods 
to kind of explore what's going on
in the city.
And believe me, when you're on a bicycle
you see the world differently
than if you're looking at it 
through a windshield.
You can smell it, you can feel it,
you can hear it, and you can see it.
So today when Jason leads
these rides on Monday night
there are thousands of riders.
I'm going to go and ride,
a week from Monday,
for the first time with Jason
and this crew of 3 000 people,
and I'm so excited to do so.
Closer still to home, in St. Paul,
there was once a neighborhood
—they're still a neighborhood, I guess—
called Rondo.
It was a really cool neighborhood.
There was a streetcar line
that went right up Rondo Av.,
it was a walkable neighborhood, bikeable,
you knew who your neighbors were,
there were viable businesses there,
there were churches, synagogues
—as it was mostly inhabited by jews
and African-americans.
It was a neighborhood,
and it was a really vibrant neighborhood
until the Federal Highway Department
—which is now known as USDOT— came along
and they made Rondo look like this today:
This is 94 road,
cuts right though the heart of St. Paul,
and every time I ride on this freeway,
and even more so, over it,
my heart breaks because I knew
what the Rondo neighborhood was like.
And this is repeating itself
thousands of times in the U.S.
So the message here is:
Yes, bikes can transform lives 
and bikes can transform communities
but cars can do that also.
And it's a question about
which universe do we prefer.
In Minneapolis,
which is the bikeyer of the two cities
between Minneapolis and St. Paul;
in fact, I live in St. Paul,
work in Minneapolis,
and every time I ride my bike east
over the Mississippi river
on the Marshall street bridge,
I have to set my watch back 25 years.
(Laughter)
In Minneapolis
there's an east-west corridor
that was and old rail-line, abandoned,
that we now call "The Midtown Greenway"
and the city had the foresight
to turn the Midtown Greenway
into what was really a bike freeway.
There are very few turns
on and off this bikeway,
there are only entrances and exits
for the most part.
It's become the fastest way
to go east-west between the river
and the uptown neighborhood
in Minneapolis.
But what's even more startling
about the Midtown Greenway
is that it has attracted
private investment.
Remember the number of eight euro
that I was talking about
in northern Europe,
how they see that as a return
from a one-euro investment?
This is what the Greenway looks like today
It's lined with condos
and apartment buildings.
Over two billion dollars in investments.
Private investments.
With over 2 000 units of brand-new housing
that appeals primarily to millenials
who want to be on a bike
to get from a to b
because the car is expensive,
the car pollutes, and is just not fun
it's stressfull.
In fact,
Minneapolis has gotten
so good at being a bike city
that biking has gone to the dogs.
(Laughter)
This is me riding home from work
where I get to take my grayhound, Lucy.
(Laughter)
This a Dutch bicycle called "bakfiets".
A colleague of mine has renamed it
the "barkfiets".
(Laughter)
In one point you'll see an image of me
riding the bike and I'm smiling,
I'm not smiling for the camera,
I'm smiling because every time
I'm on a bike, I smile.
As I pass cyclists in Minneapolis 
all the time, most of them are smiling.
It's just more fun to ride a bike.
In fact, it's kind of like riding a bike,
you never forgot how to do it.
(Laughter)
So those of you who put your bikes away
because they seem to be a childish toy,
and took the cars out at 16,
here's an opportunity
for you to try it again.
I went on a bike ride and look
what happened for me.
What would happen for you
if you go on a bike ride?
(Applause)
