Hey there, for almost as long as there has
been a China, its rulers have been struggling
to control this vast, sparsely populated territory
in the far Northwest.
The Chinese call this area Xinjiang, which
can be roughly translated as frontier or borderlands,
but it has been known by many other names,
In many other languages.
Thanks to modern technology and wealth, the
Chinese may have finally found a way to control
the Uighur population by turning Xinjiang
into a dystopia that seems more Science fiction
than reality.
Today we will be talking about what’s going
on and why it matters.
Many commenters have criticized me for taking
so long to cover this topic, and they are
absolutely right.
At its best this channel is about challenging
the powerful, and that most often means going
after the US government.
In its dealings with Washington DC, Beijing
is still very much the underdog, so I tend
to take their side.
I don't apologize for that, but that doesnt
mean I should ignore the bad things that China
does, and what they are doing to the Uighurs
is horrific.
The suffering of Xinjiang is similar in some
ways to what China is doing in Tibet.
So similar that the Chinese government official
who is turning Uighur life into a Sci- fi
Hellscape earned his position by doing the
same job in Tibet.
Tibet gets a lot more attention internationally,
which is surprising, because it is a lot less
important on almost every measure.
There are far fewer people to worry about
in Tibet for one thing.
For another Xinjiang shares borders with 8
countries, and is the launching pad for many
of the land based sections of China's one
belt one road initiative.
Tibet has some interesting borders but it
also has these honking big mountains that
make it both super defensible, and a not very
practical place for new transport infrastructure.
I think the main thing is that the Tibetans
aren't Muslim, and the Uighurs are, which
means that the Tibetans get a lot more sympathy
on the international stage.
Its screwed up but that's how it is.
China is now enjoying what is almost certainly
its longest unbroken period of control of
the region.
Since the 1750s China has been the major power
in Xinjiang the majority of the time, but
they rarely went more than a couple decades
without losing it to some Turkic nomad prince,
or the Soviet Union, or just to some petty
Chinese warlord.
The Chinese Communist party is now working
hard to ensure that this never happens again.
Between the last reconquest of Xinjiang in
1949 and the end of the Soviet Union, China
had to be more solicitous of the Native Uighur
population.
Don't get me wrong, it was still authoritarian
as all hell,but the Soviets and the Chinese
had a bit of a competition going to see who
could be better to their subject nations in
central asia.
That's why the official name of the Province
is still the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Province.
After 1992, and the fall of the Soviet Union,
this stopped mattering as much.
And after 2001 China was handled the perfect
tool to use against the Muslim Uighur people.
All they had to do to get away with cultural
genocide was call them terrorists.
Between 2001 and 2016 the Chinese slowly ratcheted
up the pressure on the Uighurs.
They are no longer a majority in their own
province.
Members of China’s Han majority have been
migrating to Xinjiang for quite some time
now but China's economic miracle over the
past couple decades has sent the migration
into overdrive.
It is basically what the US did to the Native
Americans, taking place in what is supposedly
our more civilized era.
Just like the indigenous people oppressed
by the US, Uighurs can make themselves safer
by conspicuously abandoning their culture
and assimilating to the Chinese mainstream.
A small handful of Uighurs have gone in the
other direction and carried out a few horrifying
attacks against innocent Chinese civilians.
These counterproductive acts of course only
serve to provide cover to Chinese repression.
By 2016 the Chinese were already engaged in
the systematic repression of traditional Islamic
life, dismantling mosques and traditional
neighborhoods and forbidding facial hair.
Then things got a lot worse.
In August of 2016 Chen Quango showed up and
he brought the repressive system he pioneered
In Tibet.
At its heart is a massive expansion of policing
and police stations.
In urban areas there is now a mini police
station every 500 meters or so.
According to the Jamestown Foundation there
is now a police station for every 300 people
in Xinjiang, or roughly one police station
for every 150 Uighurs.
In his first year in office Quango added almost
100,000 new policing jobs.
Surveillance is constant and mandatory.
Beyond the absurdly inflated police forces,
informing on one's neighbors is encouraged,
and Uighurs are regularly required to surrender
their phones and other devices for intelligence
analysis.
And that's not the worst bit.
I am a huge opponent of mass incarceration
in the United States.
One of my favorite arguments against it was
the fact that the US had more people in prison
than China, a totalitarian state four times
larger than we are.
Not proportionally, but in raw numbers.
That was one of my favorite arguments against
US mass incarceration.
Unfortunately, it is almost certainly no longer
true.
In just the past two years it is estimated
that the number of Uighurs that have been
detained indefinitely has grown up to almost
a million.
We don't have exact numbers on this.of course,
though we do know from sattelite imagery that
new reeducation camps have been cropping up
all over Xinjiang province, and that it seems
like every Uighur family in has a family member
or members that have disappeared.
We need to be honest about what these are.
These are concentration camps.
Now I am not saying that this is anywhere
near as bad as the mass killing camps that
the Nazis set up, or the starvation and disease
ridden concentration camps the British set
up all over Africa.
This isn't a world historical tragedy or genocide
yet.
But it absolutely could be.
All of the components are there.
The question is what should we do about this?
The diplomatic steps western governments have
taken are to be applauded.
We need to bring attention to this, loudly
and repeatedly.
But I think we need to tread carefully.
I think we need to ask why it is that China
felt emboldened enough to arrest as much as
10% of the Uighur population over the past
two years.
Condemnation is good.
Calling this behavior barbaric is good.
Embarrassing China on this issue is good.
But open conflict would not be good.
Yup, I am about to blame Donald Trump.
But not just Trump.
Over the past couple years all of Washington
DC has decided to start going after China
more aggressively.
As Trump and his anti-China rhetoric ran for
and won the white house Chen Quanguo moved
into Xinjiang and stepped up arrests.
In October of 2018, after a year of accelerating
trade war, China stopped bothering to even
deny the existence of these concentration
camps.
A higher degree of conflict between the US
and China has not been good for the Uighurs.
Let's lean into Godwin's law by ending this
discussion with the Nazis.
A little appreciated fact is that they needed
World War II to fully become the monsters
we remember.
They were always disgusting thugs, but in
the 1930s, many or even most of the people
put in concentration camps got to go home
after being brutalized for a period of weeks
or months.
It was only in the context of World War II
and the complete breakdown of civilized norms
that the Nazis were able to build out their
industrial system of extermination.
The Uighur situation is nowhere near that
bad yet… but all the components are there.
Heightened conflict between China and the
US is likely to further assemble the components.
To save the Uighurs we need to embarRass China
over this, not fight it.
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