
Chinese: 
這是一隻黑鐮嘴風鳥，
是生活於紐幾內亞森林的一種大極樂鳥
是39種大極樂鳥(又稱大天堂鳥)之一，
牠們最大的特色就是雄鳥精湛的求偶舞
和華麗的羽毛
牠們曾是野外攝影師眼中的「聖杯」，因為幾十年來
要拍到牠們的機會相當渺小
其中一項艱難的挑戰是，
很多動物都喜歡在破曉或黃昏時活動
正好是天色轉換的時間
黑鐮嘴風鳥只有在早晨第一道曙光出現時
才會展開牠的求偶儀式
1996年BBC第一次播出這個畫面，
也是史上第一次有人能拍到
20年後，黑鐮嘴風鳥依然在第一道曙光出現時求偶
但這次，人類早就準備更好的工具準備拍攝這場儀式
數位感光相機可以在日出和日落時分抓住僅有的光線進行拍攝
 
那夜晚的行為呢?
為了那些他們追求的動物，攝影團隊必須找出能在夜晚也看得到的方法
 

English: 
This is a black sicklebill bird of paradise
at dawn in the forests of New Guinea.
It’s one of 39 birds of paradise, a family
of birds known for the males’ extraordinary
courtship dances and ornate feathers.
They’ve been called the holy grail for wildlife
filmmakers, in part because for decades, they
were really hard to film.
GUNTON: One of the one of the really challenging
things about animals is that they do a lot
of stuff at dawn and at dusk, just when the
lights are going.
The black sicklebill only performs its courtship
ritual at the first light of day.
When the BBC aired this footage in 1996, it
was the first ever captured of this behavior.
Two decades later, the black sicklebill is
still dancing at dawn in New Guinea, but this
time the humans have sharpened their tools.
Light-sensitive digital cameras can now pull
back the curtain of darkness around sunset
and sunrise.
But what about behaviors that happen at night?
Like the animals that they pursue, nocturnal
filmmakers have had to find ways of seeing
in the dark.

Chinese: 
拍攝最大的問題在於低光線的時候，因為當光線不夠
畫面就會有嚴重的顆粒感
膠捲底片的表面有一層粗糙的銀鹽顆粒
因此幾十年來，只要是進行夜間拍攝
BBC就會使用人工光源
這對動物而言不太好，但對攝影團隊也沒有好處
因為這樣就拍不出動物們最自然的表現
動物們在夜晚出來的原因不外乎就是不希望有光
所以只要有光出現，他們當然不喜歡
那他們就不會有正常的表現甚至直接跑走
他們花了幾個月的時間讓這群兔唇蝠適應人工光源
攝影團隊才終於能拍到牠們捕魚的慢動作影像
所以近幾年來，BBC已經轉為使用「紅外線攝影機」
紅外線攝影機一樣會發出光，但由於紅外線的波長
遠超過人類害許多動物的可見範圍

English: 
Film cameras struggled in low light because
film stocks with higher light sensitivity
produced a grainier image.
The film emulsion literally had coarser grains
of silver salts.
So for decades, when they did try to do nighttime
stories, BBC producers resorted to
using artificial lights.
That’s not ideal for the animal, but it’s
not great for the filmmaker either, since
they’re trying to capture natural behaviors.
GUNTON: Animals that are out at night, they’re
out a night for a reason, which is they don’t
want to be out in the light so as soon as
you start flashing lights around they don't
like it, they don't behave properly or they
disappear.
It took several months to habituate these
bulldog bats to artificial light so that the
producers could show in slow motion how they
fish.
So for the past couple of decades, the BBC
has often turned to infrared cameras.
That requires setting up lights too, but they’re
lights that emit wavelengths outside the range
that humans and many animals can see.

Chinese: 
當紅外線打在物體身上會反射到透鏡，
然後產生單一色彩成像
對於動物們而言，
牠們只需要像平常一樣在黑暗中完成平常要做的事
螳螂保衛自己有兩種方式，一種是偽裝
另一種是表現出牠的攻擊性
到了2002年，
BBC的紅外線攝影品質已經提升至能夠廣泛地
拍攝哺乳類動物系列
使他們第一次能夠拍到稀有的野生水負鼠
而《地球脈動》中最具標誌性的一幕
獅子在夜間捕捉大像
就是利用這項技術拍攝而成的
他們將紅外線攝影機架在卡車上然後用車子的電池供電
《地球脈動2》沙漠篇中，攝影團隊用紅外線攝影機捕捉長耳蝠與蠍子之間的戰鬥
但這次，高解析度紅外線攝影和慢動作結合了
我們以往用的都是Red Dragon攝影機，
後來他們有了過濾系統

English: 
That infrared light bounces off the scene
and into the lens to form a monochrome image,
but as far as the animal is concerned, they’re
just going about their business in the dark.
ATTENBOROUGH: Mantises defend themselves in
two ways, either by camouflage or with an
aggressive display like this.
By 2002, the quality of infrared cameras was
high enough that the BBC could use it extensively
for the Life of Mammals series.
It allowed them to film the rare water opossum
in the wild for the first time.
And it was the technology the BBC used to
capture the iconic scene in Planet Earth of
lions hunting an elephant in the dead of night.
They installed infrared lights on a truck
and powered them with car batteries.
For Planet Earth 2, the producers used infrared
lights in the Deserts episode to capture a
showdown between a long-eared bat and a scorpion.
But this time, it’s infrared with
 high resolution and slow motion, combined.
CHARLES: So the cameras we were shooting on
were Red Dragons and they’ve taken out the

Chinese: 
可以過濾其他波長的光，而對紅外線更加敏感
所以我們就得到了超高解析的5K影像
而且可以搭配變焦鏡頭和高幀數的影像
真的非常棒
當紅外線裝置無法接近目標動物時
我們還有另一個選擇
「熱感應」相機
原則上相機可以呈現很多種顏色，紅色、橘色等等
 
而現在有一種相機，可以非常仔細的呈現出動物身上的
溫度分佈細節
紅外線相機可以偵測到除了紅外線以外更長的輻射波長
也就是我們認知的「熱」
相較於偵測從動物身上反彈的紅外線，
熱輻射則是直接從動物身上發射出來
這項技術原先為軍事用途，而我們在《地球脈動2》中也使用這項技術
使我們在孟買森林中拍攝時，
能清楚的看見每一根花豹的觸鬚

English: 
part of the filter, which means that it’s
now sensitive to infrared light.
So you've got this incredibly crisp 5K image
-- you can use your zoom lenses and shoot
at your higher frame rates all in infrared,
which is fantastic.
When it’s not possible to set up infrared
lights near the animal, there’s another
option: Thermal cameras.
NIGHTINGALE: Originally there sort of multicolored
cameras, the reds and oranges and so on were
rather artificial.
Whereas now, there's a camera, which gives
you a really nice and very fine detailed view
of animal of heat gradients.
Thermal cameras detect infrared radiation
too, but longer wavelengths, or what we experience
as heat.
Instead of collecting infrared light that’s
reflecting off of the subject, it senses the
heat that’s being emitted by the subject
itself.
This technology was developed for military
use and it’s become so advanced that in
Planet Earth 2, we can see every whisker of
the leopards that stalk the streets of Mumbai.

English: 
NIGHTINGALE: There's a scene where these leopards
are hunting the pigs.
Pitch blackness.
And what was strange is in the sequence, you
also see people walking through the park at night.
Of course, they can't see a thing.
They can't see the leopards.
The leopards can see them, the leopards aren't
interested in them, the leopards are interested
in the pigs.
So you get this incredible observed view on
a pitch black night, you need no ambient light,
not even starlight.
The thermal camera is really the only way
they could have filmed this hunt.
But it can’t capture color, which is essential
for some stories, like this bioluminescent
railroad worm, filmed for the first time for
the Jungles episode of Planet Earth 2.
GUNTON: On it’s side it’s got these bright
yellow dots and those are warnings to other
creatures that don’t eat me because I’m
poisonous.
And it also has on its head little red lights.
They’re little search lights.

Chinese: 
有一幕是，這些花豹在獵捕野豬
當時一片黑暗
奇怪的是，同時間你可以看到附近還有一群人在走動
當然，他們什麼都看不到
也看不到花豹
花豹看得到他們，
但顯然花豹對那些人沒興趣
只想獵捕野豬
而我們捕捉到這神奇的畫面，
就在一片黑暗中，完全不需要一點光
甚至連星光也不需要
熱感相機是唯一可以拍到這場獵捕行動的方法
可惜無法拍出色彩，而色彩在某些時候是非常重要的
像是這隻發光毛毛蟲
牠的第一個鏡頭是在《地球脈動2》的叢林篇
這種毛毛蟲的身體側邊有發些會發光的黃點
用來警告掠食者「你最好不要吃我，我有毒」
牠的頭上也會發出紅色的光
就像小小探照燈一樣

English: 
When it gets close to its prey and switches
to hunting mode, it turns the yellow lights
off so the prey cant see them, but the red
lights, which the prey can’t see because
it's infrared, it keeps them on so it spots
them.
This was filmed at night with a Sony A7s,
a small, relatively affordable camera that
came out in 2014 and blew people away with
it’s abilities in low-light.
You can see how it compares with some of the
other cameras we have here at Vox, with the
same settings.
Digital camera sensors are bigger than ever.
The Sony A7s has a full frame 35mm sensor,
but it actually has fewer megapixels than
most comparable cameras.
That means each pixel is bigger and can take
in more light.
They’ve also engineered two steps of noise
reduction to keep the image cleaner.
Sensor technology is changing so fast that
the Sony a7s didn’t exist when the BBC first
started working on Planet Earth 2.
Now, it’s opening up new opportunities for
filmmakers.
NAPPER: We can now put it on drones.
We can take it underwater.
Suddenly there’s a lot of animal behavior
which we’ll be able to reveal using that camera.

Chinese: 
當牠靠近獵物時會轉為獵食模式，把身上的黃燈關掉
獵物們就看不到牠，
紅燈雖然保持亮著，但獵物們也看不到
因為那是紅外光，所以牠保持開著以便找到獵物
拍攝發光毛毛蟲用的是Sony的A7s相機，
以數位相機而言它相對小也相對便宜
這款2014年推出的相機讓人們驚訝的是它在光線薄弱時的拍攝能力
你可以看到在相同的設定條件下，
和其他Vox所使用的相機的差異
數位相機的感光元件比以往都要來得大
Sony A7s有35毫米的全幀感應器，
但像素相較其他數位相機
顯得較低
等於每單為像素的面積變大了，所以可以接收更多光線
他們也研發了兩個去除雜訊的步驟讓影像更清晰
感應器技術進步之快，BBC剛開始拍攝《地球脈動2》時Sony A7s根本還沒出現
 
而現在它為攝影專家們開創了新的契機
我們可以把它架在腳架上
可以帶到水面下
突然間很多的動物行為都能用這台相機拍給觀眾看

English: 
It’s hard to imagine what wildlife films
will look like 10 or 20 years from now, especially
as so many species face existential threats,
but as long as engineers keep innovating,
filmmakers will keep finding new ways of revealing
the beauty and diversity of Planet Earth.
Thank you for watching!
You can find Planet Earth 2 on BBC America.
It will be airing Saturdays through March
25th.
You can also find tons of clips from their
archive on BBC Earth’s mobile app.
It’s called Story of Life and it’s actually
where I found a lot of the clips that I used
in this video.
And it’s free!
So check it out.

Chinese: 
很難想像10年、20年後野生動物影片看起來會如何
特別是很多物種正面臨生存危機
(過去20年來拍攝的野生物種已經減少10%)
但只要專家們持續研究
製作團隊就會繼續尋找新的方法
將地球的美和豐富的多樣性呈現給大家
感謝你的觀賞 !
你可以在BBC的官網找到《地球脈動2》相關資訊
《地球脈動2》將於3/25星期六播出
也可以下載手機app找到大量很棒的短片
它叫「Story of Life」
我就是從裡面找到很多資訊並用來做這次的影片
 
而且免費哦 !
快去看看吧 !
