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Whether or not you’re a self-centered, avocado-toast-loving,
technology-addicted millennial, you’ve definitely
seen the headlines about them.
It seems like every month brings some fresh
woe: They can’t stick to a job for more
than a year!
They’re all depressed.
They’ll never be able to afford homes because
they’re so busy brunching.
If you’re not a millennial, this might be
a little concerning.
If you are a millennial, this is probably
more than a little annoying.
Because, honestly, the kids are pretty sure
that the kids are all right.
But there are some psychological ideas that
could explain this intergenerational judge-fest.
Sociologists call this phenomenon juvenoia
— an exaggerated fear about the influence
of social change on young people.
There is a term for it.
And while clickbait headlines might be new,
hand-wringing over the generation that’s
coming of age is anything but.
The ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks thought
their young people were rude and selfish.
In 1240 CE, this preacher named Peter the
Hermit complained that kids thought they were
right about everything.
In the 1950s, parents worried that comic books
would corrupt their children.
And, at least when it comes to millenials,
there’s some good evidence that this paranoia
is unfounded.
There do seem to be generational differences,
like: millennials are more highly educated,
more likely to live with their parents, and
more likely to have student debt than previous
generations.
But despite the stereotypes, they actually
stay longer at their jobs than Gen Xers did
at the same age.
Surveys show that they care about their work
a lot and more are willing to stay overtime
to get the job done.
And if they scrape together the capital to
form households of their own, millennials
actually make fairly typical economic decisions.
In fact, a lot of research has concluded that,
while each new generation might like different
music or clothes, their values are fundamentally
similar to those of their parents.
So why is everyone so freaked out?
The sociologist who coined the term “juvenoia”
in 2011 had some suggestions.
Evolutionary biology is one of them.
The basic idea is that it can be a good thing
for animals to have alarm systems that are
highly sensitive to threats to our offspring.
The problem might be that the world has changed
a lot since those systems evolved.
So unfamiliar things in society could set
off those alarms, too.
Like, you know, comic books, apparently.
Another possible explanation is nostalgia,
which biases us toward remembering the good
stuff.
Psychological research has shown that nostalgia
is a universal experience that gets more common
as we get older.
Generally, it’s a good thing!
Nostalgia can boost self-esteem and make people
feel good about their lives.
But it can also lead older people to imagine
negative comparisons between the youth of
today and their own childhood, that might
get a little unrealistic or unnecessarily
harsh.
***“Back in my day, we didn’t need these
fancy video based adventures, we had text
games that like the ones that I played were
like, “Pick up the stick”, and you pick
up the stick, “Walk west” … and we loved
it and they were fine!!
Here’s the thing, though: according to most
of the psychology research on generational
differences, juvenoia may actually have more
to do with perception than reality.
Generational stereotypes, after all, are like
any other kind of stereotypes.
We form these categories as a kind of mental
shortcut, and then lump in traits we’ve
come to associate with each one.
Sometimes, this is helpful.
Puppies are generally fluffy and cute, Serial
killers are generally dangerous.
The problem, of course, is that sometimes
stereotypes are wrong.
A 2008 study of nearly 4,000 Australian professionals
found that there were differences between
generations, but they were often small…
and usually not the ones that stereotypes
would have predicted.
Baby Boomers, for instance, were expected
to be high-achieving, but they were actually
the least focused on career advancement.
Instead, the younger, quote-unquote “lazier”
generations, I gesture to you, were the most
driven.
Which kind of makes sense, because Baby Boomers
are currently close to retirement and millennials
are often just starting out.
These findings led the researchers to suggest
that these differences might be more about
age and stage of life than generational cohort.
Similarly, a 2012 study found that there were
far fewer actual differences between generations
than people from those generations perceived
there being.
Our perceptions of generational differences
also depend on the relationship and how old
we are, something that’s known as the developmental
stake hypothesis or the intergenerational
stake hypothesis.
Studies have shown that parents are more invested
in their relationships with their children
than their children are.
Researchers have suggested that this is because
children are trying to establish their identities,
whereas parents are more focused on trying
to build a legacy.
But in one 2015 study of 633 participants,
even though parents considered their relationships
with their children more important, they also
rated them more negatively.
This could be because parents view their children
as continuations of themselves.
So they find it disrupting when the kids behave
in ways different from how parents remember
behaving.
It could also be because of how invested parents
are in the relationship — any conflict can
become a threat to the relationship, and make
it feel more sour than that actually is.
 
But as the parent-child pair ages, the generational
gap seems to shrink.
One longitudinal study looked at families
in 1971 and 1985.
And the researchers found that in 1985, family
members reported closer relationships and
fewer generational differences.
Which, of course, makes you wonder whether
the gap was ever there to begin with… or
whether it had more to do with age and development.
More research is needed to know for sure.
But in the meantime, cool it with the clickbait.
There probably aren’t as many differences
between generations as we think there are.
And either way, we could all benefit from
a little more avocado toast.
Cuz it’s really good.
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow
Psych, and especially, thank you to our patrons
on Patreon for supporting our staff who are
almost entirely millennials.
If you’d like to support those millennials
who work very hard and I can attest to the
fact that they will work over time to get
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