>> WELCOME TO THE IAC BY SHOW OF
HANDS, RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU
HAVE BEEN HERE BEFORE?
YOU GOT A GOOD NUMBER.
RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU HAVE
NEVER BEEN TO IAC BEFORE?
EVEN BUGGER NUMBER.
FANTASTIC.
WELL, THIS IS A BIG DEAL FOR THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO HOST
THIS CONFERENCE HERE.
WE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO
SHOWCASE WHAT WE ARE DOING AS AN
AGENCY.
BY THE WAY, JUST SO EVERYBODY
KNOWS.
MY NAME IS JIM BRIDENSTINE.
I AM THE NASA ADMINISTRATOR.
I HAVE THE HONOR OF LEADING
DISCOVERY AND SCIENCE AND HERE
IN WASHINGTON, D.C., THIS WEEK,
WE HAVE BEEN HOSTING THE
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUT CALL
CONGRESS TO WHERE ALL OF THE
NATIONS OF THE WORLD THAT ARE
INTERESTED IN SPACE THAT HAVE
SPACE AGENCIES WE CONVINCE AND
TALK ABOUT WHAT WE'RE ALL GOING
TO DO AS WE EXPLORE AND ABLE TO
THEIR INFORMATION AND DON'T WANT
TO DUPLICATE AND KEEP GOING
FURTHER AND GO FURTHER AND
FASTER THAN EVER BEFORE.
AND OF COURSE WE DOON THAT WHEN
WE WORK TOGETHER AND THAT IS THE
INTERNATIONAL ASTRONAUT CALL
CONGRESS IS ALL ABOUT AND
HOSTING IT HERE IN WASHINGTON,
39
00:01:21,981 --> 00:01:21,014
D.C. THIS WEEK AND NEXT YEAR IT
IS GOING TO BE IN DUBAI AND I
WITH A ENCOURAGE ALL OF THOSE
HERE TO CONSIDER GOING TO THE
ONE IN DUE BY A YEAR FROM TODAY.
HERE IS THE THING.
THERE IS A COUPLE OF THINGS I
WANT TO START WITH THAT ARE
IMPORTANT.
SOME MAJOR DISCOVERIES.
I KNOW THIS.
A LOT OF IN THIS ROOM AND NOT
INVOLVED IN THE SPACE INDUSTRY.
THIS IS PUBLIC DAY.
THIS IS A DAY WHERE PEOPLE FROM
THE PUBLIC,WHO MAY NOT OTHERWISE
BE IN SPACE HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY
TO COME TO THE IAC AND HEAR WHAT
NASA IS UP TO.
I GOT ABOUT AN HOUR.
I AM BEING TOLD 56 MINUTES
ACCORDING TO THE CLOCK HERE.
TO GIVE YOU UPDATE AS TO WHAT
NASA IS UP TO.
BUT TO START, I WANT TO SHARE
SOME THINGS THAT I THINK ARE
REMARKABLE.
WE HAD TWO RECOVERS ON MARS AND
NOT TOO LOCK AGO.
AN OPPORTUNITY.
OPPORTUNITY LASTED 15 YEARS.
SPIRIT LASTED 10 YEARS AND THESE
ROVERS ON MARS GAVE US
SIGNIFICANT DISCOVERIES.
BECAUSE OF THESE TWO LITTLE
RECOVERS WE NOMARS HAS AN OCEAN.
THAT OCEAN CONSTITUTED
TWO-THIRDS OF THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE OF MARS.
WE KNOW THAT MARS HAD A THICK
ATMOSPHERE.
MARS HAD SPHERE BECAUSE OF THE
TWO LITTLE RECOVERS.
IN OTHER WORDS AT ONE POINT IN
THE HISTORY OF MARS, IT COULD
HAVE HOSTED A LIFE.
DO WE KNOW IT DID?
NO, WE DON'T KNOW.
I WILL TELL YOU WHAT?
WE WANT TO FIND OUT.
I WANT TO TELL YOU SOMETHING
ELSE THAT IS IMPORTANT.
WITHIN THE LAST YEAR, MAYBE THE
LAST 15 MONTHS, SOME REALLY
AMAZING DISCOVERIES HAVE
HAPPENED.
NUMBER ONE.
THIS IS BECAUSE OF CURIOSITY
RECOVER?
ANOTHER RECOVER THAT IS STILL
ACTIVE ON MARS.
AND THE IN SIGHT LANDER.
HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW.
WE KNOW THAT MARS IS COVERED
WITH COMPLEX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
IN OTHER WORDS, THE BUILDING
BLOCKS FOR LIFE ARE ON MARS.
DOES THAT MEAN LIFE IS THERE?
WE DON'T KNOW.
WE KNOW THAT THE BUILDING BLOCKS
FOR LIFE EXIST ON MARS.
WE KNOW THEY DON'T EXIST AT ALL
ON THE MOON, BUT THEY ARE IN
FACT ALL OVER MARS.
THE PROB K OF FINDING LIFE ON
ANOTHER WORLD JUST WENT UP.
WE ALSO KNOW IN THE LAST 15
MONTHS, THAT THE METHANE SEE YOU
SOCIAL SECURITY OF MARS ARE
COMMENSURATE WITH THE LISTENS
SINCE OF MARS.
DOES THAT GUARANTEE LIFE?
NO.
IT COULD BE GEOLOGICAL IN HEY
TURE BUT INDICATOR OF LIFE THE
PROBABILITY OF FINDING LIFE ON
ANOTHER WORLD JUST WENT UP.
FINALLY HERE IS WHAT ELSE WE
HAVE DISCOVERED THIS IS WHAT THE
INTERNATIONAL NARTERS.
LIQUID WATER ON MARS,
12-KILOMETERS UNDER THE SURFACE
OF MARS?
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT LIQUID
WATER ON EARTH THIS WHEREVER IT
EXISTS, THERE IS LIFE.
IT IS THAT TRUE ON MARS?
AGAIN, I DON'T KNOW.
BUT WE NEED TO GO FIND OUT.
THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS
IMPORTANT TO NASA.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA.
IT IS IN FACT IMPORTANT TO
HUMANITY.
THERE IS ONE PERSON THAT I KNOW
WHO IS MORE INTERESTED IN
FINDING LAV ON ANOTHER WORLD
THAN ANY PERSON I HAVE EVER MET
IN MY LIFE.
AND I HAD A VERY DISSTINT HONOR.
A VERY DISTINCT HONOR TO SERVE
WITH THIS GENTLEMEN IN THE HOUSE
OF REPRESENTATIVES.
THIS IS SOMEBODY AND I WILL
INTRODUCE HIM HERE IN A FEW
MINUTES BUT I WANT TO TELL YOU
WHAT I KNOW ABOUT HIM
PERSONALLY.
HE WAS APPROPRIATATOR.
HE CHAIRED THE COMMERCE JUSTICE
APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE HERE IN
THE UNITED STATES HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES THIS WAS
SOMETHING ON THAT WAS ON THE
HEART THAT WAS DESIRE OF HIS TO
CHAIR THAT COMMITTEE FOR REASON.
HE WANTED TO GO FIND OUT IF
THERE IS LAV ON OTHER WORLDS.
AND AS CHAIRMAN OF THAT
COMMITTEE, HE HAD OVERSIGHTS OF
NASA.
HES WITH ABLE TO MAKE SURE NASA
HAD THE FUNDING IT NEEDED TO
ACHIEVE THE OBJECTIVES.
HE WAS ONE OF THOSE
APRETORRATORS THAT MADE SURE,
AND THIS IS NOT NORMAL IN
CONGRESS.
HE TOLD ME THIS.
HE TOLD IT TO ME OVER AND OVER
AGAIN.
HE SAID I WILL NEVER PUT A
MISSION ON YOU THAT I ALSO DON'T
FUND.
AND HE WORKED BIPARTISAN.
ACROSS THE AISLE, REPUBLICAN AND
DEMOCRAT ALAKE, TO MUCK SURE
THAT NASA HAD THE RESOURCES IT
NEEDED TO GO FIND LIFE ON OTHER
WORLDS.
I WANT TO DRUCE TO YOU SOMEBODY
WHO I CAR DEAR FRIEND
REPRESENTATIVE JOHN CULBERSON,
IF YOU WILL COME OUT.
THE HONORABLE JOHN CULBERSON.
[APPLAUSE]
WE ARE HONORING REPRESENTATIVE
JOHN CULBERSON WITH NASA'S
DISTINGUISHED PUBLIC SERVICE
MIDDAL.
THE ABSOLUTE HIGHEST LEVEL WE
CAN GIVE TO THE CITIZEN OF THE
UNITED STATES.
WE'RE SO GRATEFUL FOR THE
LEADERSHIP, ALL OF YOUR HELP,
OH, BY THE WAY, YOUR FUNDING FOR
OUR MISSION.
SO WITH THAT I WOULD LIKE TO
GIVE THIS YOU MEDAL.
THIS IS DISTINGUISHED PUBLIC
SERVICE MEDAL FROM NASA.
[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU.
THANKS.
THIS SINGULAR HONOR IS ALL THE
MORE MEANINGFUL TO ME BECAUSE IT
HAS BEEN PRESENTED BY, IN MY
OPINION, THE BEST ADMINISTRATOR
NASA EVER HAD IN 18 YEARS IN
CONGRESS.
THE MOST KNOWLEDGEABLE.
>> CAREFUL THERE ARE OTHER NASA
ADMINISTRATORS HERE.
[LAUGHTER]
>> THANK YOU, JIM.
FOR ALL YOUR HOPE TO HELP LIFT
UP MARK'S SPACE PROGRAM IN A
BIPARTISAN WAY.
WE DID SO IN A BIPARTISAN WAY.
I ESPECIALLY WANT TO THANK MY
WIFE AND OUR DAUGHTER, CAROLINE,
FOR PUTTING UP WITH AL THE LONG
SEPARATIONS CAUSED BY MY PUBLIC
SERVICE.
AND FOR ENDURING MY LIFELONG
OBSESSIVE FASCINATION WITH
SCIENTIFIC DISCOVER ARIC AND
SPACE EXPLORATION.
I WANT TO THANK THE NEW LAW
PARTNER, KEVIN KELLY, FOR
HELPING ME, BETTER UTILIZE THE
POWER OF THE PURSE AS
APRETORRATOR AS CHAIRMAN OF THE
COMMERCE TESTED SCIENCE SUB
COMMITTEE TO ENFORCE THE LAW AS
THE FOUNDERS INTEND.
THE POWER OF THE PERSON IS THE
MOST IMPORTANT CHECK AND BALANCE
IN THE CONSTITUTION AND THANK
KEVIN FOR HELPING ME GET STARTED
SUCCESSFULLY IN THE NEW PHASE
KNIFE LIFE.
ABOVE ALL, I WANT TO THANK THE
VOTERS OF WEST HOUSTON FOR
INTERESTING ME TO REPRESENT THEM
IN THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS
FOR 18 PRODUCTIVE YEARS.
THEY SUPPORTED ME IN ALL OF MY
MOST VISIBLE WORK.
EXPANDING INTERSTATE 10 IN WEST
HOUSTON AND REBUILDING AFTER THE
DEVASTATING FLOODS OF HURRICANE
HARVEY.
THE VOTERS OF DISTRICT ALSO
SUPPORTED ME IN THE LESS VISIBLE
WORK AND SUPPORT OF MEDICAL AND
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND THE WORK
THAT GAVE ME THE GREATEST JOYS
BEFORE ALL TOLL RESTORE OUR
SPACE PROGRAM AND TO LIFT NASA
FUNDING AS CLOSE AS I COULD GET
IT BACK TO THE GLORY DAYS OF
APPALL LOW.
[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU.
ONE OF MY HEROS TOLD ME THAT
PEARL SAID EXPLORING THE SOLAR
SYSTEM AND HOMESTEADING OTHER
WORLDS CONSTITUTES THE BEGINNING
MUCH MORE THAN THE END OF
HISTORY.
I AM SO FORTUNATE.
WELL THE HELP OF MY COLLEAGUES
AND THE SUPPORT OF MY
CONSTITUENTS AND MY FAMILY AND
MY FOUR SHORT YEARS AS CHAIRMAN
OF THE COMMERCE TESTED SCIENCE
SUBCOMMITTEE, WE WERE ABLE TO
SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE OVERALL
NASA FUNDING.
WE DOUBLED THE PLANETARY SCIENCE
ACCOUNT SO WE CAN FINALLY HAVE
IT.
THAT IS NATURALLY IMPORTANT.
BY DOUBLING THE SCIENCE
ACCOUNT,'S CAN FINALLY HAVE THE
PROPER BALANCE AND LAWN OF
FLAGSHIP NEW FRONT TER AND
DISCOVERY CLASS MISSIONS AND
WON'T HAVE TO FIGHT ACH OTHER.
EVERYBODY GETS A CHANCE AND PUCK
THE BEST MISSION,
MR. ADMINISTRATOR.
BEST OF ALL.
WORKING TOGETHER IN A BIPARTISAN
WAY WE ENSURE IT WOULD WIL BE IN
AMERICAN OR BITTER AND LANDER AS
PART OF INTERNATIONAL TEAM THAT
WILL BE THE FIRST IN HUMAN
HISTORY TO SEEK OUT LIFE IN THE
HIDDEN WORLDWIDE OCEAN OF
EUROPA.
AND WE LAID THE GROUND TO WORK
ENSURE IT WILL BE AMERICAN
SPACECRAFT AS PART OF
INTERNATIONAL TEAM, THAT WILL BE
THE FIRST MISSION TO TRAVEL TO
THE NEAREST EARTH-LIKE PLANET
WITH A FINGERPRINT OF LIFE IN
ITS ATMOSPHERE.
THE MOST EXCITING AND MEANINGFUL
PART OF MY 18 YEARS IN CONGRESS
HAS BEEN MY WORK WITH ALL OF YOU
IN THE SPACE PROGRAM ALL OF YOU
WHO CAN SEE OVER THE HORIZON IN
THE FAR FUTURE AND TO HELP YOU
MAKE THOSE DREAMS COME TRUE.
BECAUSE I SHARE THE SAME
PASSIONATE BELIEF OF MY FAVORITE
FOUNDING FATHER THOMAS JEFFERSON
WHO SAID I LIKE THE DREAMS OF
THE FUTURE FAR BETTER THAN THE
MEMORIES OF THE PAST.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
THANK YOU, JIM.
[APPLAUSE]
>> THANK YOU, REPRESENTATIVE FOR
YOUR LEADERSHIP THE HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES AND, PK, YOU ARE
NOT DONE YET.
>> I AM NOT DONE YET.
HE CALLS ME TO MAKE SURE I AM
FOLLOWING THE LAWS HE WROTE WHEN
HE WAS IN THE HOUSE.
WE ARE GRATEFUL FOR THAT.
KEEP IT UP.
ALL RIGHT.
THANK YOU.
YOU BET.
THANK YOU.
ALL RIGHT.
WE TALKED ABOUT MARS.
WE HAVE DONE ALL THE ROVERS ON
MARS BUT ONE THING THAT IS
IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER IS IN
NOVEMBER OF LAST YEAR, WE LAND
ON THE SURFACE OF MARS FOR THE
EIGHTH TIME IN HUMAN HISTORY.
WITH A LANDER WE CALLED INSIGHT.
WHEN WE LANDED ON MARS WITH
INSIGHT, IT WAS ON THE COVER OF
EVERY NEWSPAPER WORLDWIDE.
REALLY FOR THE FIRST TIME, I SAW
HOW IMPACTFUL THIS LITTLE AGENCY
CALLED NASA, THAT VEFS LESS THAN
ONE-HALF OF ONE PERCENT OF
MARK'S FEDERAL BUDGET, HOW
IMPACTFUL THIS CAN BE ALL AROUND
THE WORLD, TO INSPIRE CHILDREN
AND REALLY SHAPE IM IMAGINATIONS
OF CHILDREN NOT JUST TOWARD
SCIENCE AND DITS COVER RY, BUT
TOWARD THE UNITED STATES OF
MERCK AND HOW WE WANT TO BUILD A
COALITION OF NATIONS WHEN WE
LANDED INSIGHT ON MARS, WE DID
NOT DO IT ALONE.
YES, IT WAS AMERICAN SPACECRAFT.
WE WENT WITH INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS.
WITH THE INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS
WERE WITH US, ON THE COVER OF AL
THE NEWSPAPERS WORLD RYDE, IT
TALKED, THE LAST PROGRAM AND THE
ARTICLES TALKED ABOUT THE TRUN
T.S FROM THE INTERNATIONAL
PARTNER, THE TECHNOLOGY FROM THE
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS NOW I
THINK IS SPIN IN SPRIGGAL FOR
EVERYBODY IN THE WORLD WHEN WE
LEAD THESE EFFORT AND ABLE TO DO
THAT BECAUSE OF THE SUPPORT AND
HELP OF JOHN CULBERSON AND
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS THAT REASON
THE HOUSE TODAY AND THE SENATE.
INSIGHT WAS BEGINNING.
JUST A FEW SHORT MONTHS AFTER WE
LAND ON MAR, WHICH WAS
SPECTACULAR, WE HAD THE
OPPORTUNITY TO ENTER ORBIT
AROUND AN ASTEROID IN DEEP
SPACE.
WE END ENTERED ORBIT WITH A DEEP
SPACECRAFT WITH OSIRIS-REX.
IT IS IN ORBIT AROUND BENNU AND
BRING IT BACK TO EARTH FOR THE
FIRST TIME AMERICA WILL DO
ASTEROID RETURN MISSION.
I THINK THAT IS SIGNIFICANT
ACHIEVEMENT.
JAPAN HAS DONE ONE.
JAPAN IS ALREADY DOING 2.
NOUR WE ARE EXAMINING TO BE ABLE
TO EXCHANGE SAMPLES
INTERNATIONALLY NOT JUST
EXCHANGE SAMPLES BUT HAVE OURS
AND THEIRS WORKING SIDE-BY-SIDE
TO EVALUATE THE SAMPLES THAT
COME BACK FROM THE TWO VERY
IMPORTANT MISSIONS THE UNITED
STATES AND JAPAN EACH LEADING
THEIR OWN MISSION TO THE
ASTEROIDS IN DEEP SPACE.
THAT HAPPENED ON
DECEMBER 20th.
THEN ON JANUARY FIRST, WE HAD
LITTLE SPACECRAFT THAT WE CALLED
NEW HORIZON.
THIS LITTLE SPACECRAFT CALLED
NEW HORIZONS WHICH GAVE US
BAUTFUL IMAGES OF PLUTO IN 2015.
RAISE YOUR HAND IF YOU SAW THE
IMAGES OF PLUTO IN 20156789.
THEY WERE PHENOMENAL.
THANK FOR DOING THAT.
I JUST GOT TO KNOW THE AUDIENCE,
RIGHT.
THE BEAUTIFUL PANELS OF PLU FRO
NOT THE END.
THEY WERE BEGINNING.
NEW HORIZONS KEPT GOING AND WENT
WAY OUT TO WHAT WE CALL THE
CLIPPER BELT WHERE THERE ARE ALL
KINDS OF OBJECT IN DEEP SPACE.
WE ARE TALKING ABOUT FOUR
BILLION MILES FROM EARTH.
WE POT THE BEAUTIFUL IMAGES OF
SOMETHING CALLED ULTIMA THULE.
WE ARE STILL GETTING ABSOLUTELY
BEAUTIFUL IMAGES BACK FROM THE
NEW HOR LIE RYE ZONES SPACECRAFT
THAT GAVE US THE BEAUTIFUL
IMAGES AND THE SCIENCE AND THE
DATA A ON ULT TY MA THULE.
WHILE WE ARE ON THIS TONGUE.
THERE IS SOMETHING ELSE THAT IS
IMPORTANT TO NOTE.
2006 MANY OF YOU UNTHIS RAM ARE
AWARE, THAT PLUTO GOT DOWNGRADE
INTERESTED A PLANET TO A DWARF
PLANET.
BOO.
I HEAR PEOPLE BOOING.
THAT'S MY SENSE.
BEFORE THE SCIENCE WE GOT IN
2019 AND SOME PEOPLE ARGUED IN
ORDER TO BE A PLANET, YOU TO BE
ABLE TO CLEAR YOUR ORBIT AROUND
THE SUN.
IF THAT CHEFSES IN WE'RE GOING
TO USE, YOU COULD REALLY
UNDERCUT ALL OF THE PLANETS.
THEY ARE ALL DWARF PLANETS
BECAUSE THERE IS NOT A LISTEN
NET THAT CLEARS EBB TIRE ORBIT
AROUND THE SUN.
THAT PEAKING THE CASE, I THINK I
I IS A SLOPPY DEFINITION.
MANY OF YOU HAVE HEARD ME SAY
THIS PUBLICLY.
THINK THE WAY YOU DEA FIND A
PLANET BASED ON THE INTRINSIC
VALUES NO THE VALUES THAT
CONSTANTLY CHANGE LIKE ORBITAL
DYNAMICS WHAT I THINK ABOUT
PLUTO AND WHAT WE GOT PACK FROM
NEW HORIZONS.
HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW.
PLUTO HAS OCEAN UNDER A SURFACE.
PLUTO HAS COMPLEX ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS ON ITS SURFACE.
PLU TOW HAS A MULTI LAYER
ATMOSPHERE AND PLUTO HAS ITS OWN
MOON.
I AM HER TO TELL YOU, AS THE
NASA ADMINISTRATOR, I BELIEVE
PLU TOW IS A PLANET.
[APPLAUSE]
WE NEED TO KEEP LETTING PEOPLE
KNOW.
BUS THAT NEW HORIZONS MISSIONS
WITH AMAZING AND IT IS GIVING US
GREAT INFORMATION.
OK.
FROM NEW HORIZONS.
IN FEBRUARY, WE SAW THE CREW
DRAGON ONE OF THE NASA
COMMERCIAL CREW PROGRAMS
ATTACHED TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
WE'RE ON THE CUSP OF ONCE GAIN
LAUNCHING AMERICAN ASTRONAUT ON
AMERICAN ROCKETS FROM AMERICAN
SOIL FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE
RETIRE.
THE SPACE SHUTTLE IN 2011.
[APPLAUSE]
I WANT TO BE CLEAR.
WE NEED TO RETURN TO THAT
ACTIVITY.
WE NEED TO GO WITH OUR
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS.
WOE ARE LOOKING FOR ALL TO STEP
UP AND HELP US AS WE WORK TO
COMMERCIALIZE LOW EARTH ORBIT.
HERE IS WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO
ACHIEVE.
WE'RE USING THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION FOR OR TWO LINES
OF EFFORT FOR EVENTUAL
COMMERCIALIZATION OF LOW ORBIT
THESE TWO LINES INCLUDE BY OH
MEDICINE.
AND HERE IS WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO
DO.
WE ARE LACK FOR BREAKTHROUGHS.
WE NEED BREAKTHROUGHS THAT WILL
TRANSFORM HOW WE LIVE ON ETHER.
WHEN THE BREAKTHROUGHS OCCUR.
CAPITAL WILL FLOW INTO WHAT WILL
BE COMMERCIAL SPACE STATION IN
LOW EARTH ORBIT.
SO HOW DO WE DO THAT?
TWO LINES OF EFFORT.
NUMBER ONE IS INDUSTRIALIZED BY
OMID SIN.
RIGHT NOW WE ARIZING THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO
COME FOUND PHARMACEUTICALS TO
CREATE IMMUNIZATIONS IN WHICH
WAYS WE CAN DOT DO HERE ON THE
GRAVITY ON ETHER RIGHT NOW WE'RE
USING THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION ULTIMATELY TO PRINT IN
3D HUMAN TISSUE.
EVENTUALLY HUMAN ORGANS.
USING ADULT STEM CELLS WITH THE
PURPOSE OF TRANSFORMING LIVES
HERE ON EARTH.
WE'RE USING THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION TO CREATE
ARTIFICIAL RETINAS IN ORBIT.
THESE ARE THINGS CAN YOU DO NOT
DO HERE ON EARTH BECAUSE THE WAY
MATERIALS ARE LAYERED BUT YOU
CAN DO IT IN THE MICROGRAVITY OF
FACE.
WHEN IT SIX SESFUL, BY THE WAY,
I MADGE GIN.
IMAGINE A BOX THAT FITS FIT IN
THE BAM OF YOUR HAND.
UP THE BOX GOES WITH MATERIALS
INSIDE.
THEN, WHEN THAT BOX COMES BACK
TO EARTH, 1,000 ARTIFICIAL
RETINAS SO PEOPLE WHO HAVE
MACULAR DEGENERATION DON'T HAVE
TO LOSE THEIR EYESIGHT.
WEATHERING'S INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION TO CREATE THESE
BREAKTHROUGHS THAT WILL RESULT
IN CAPITAL FORMATION SO WE CAN
HAVE A DAY OF MULTIPLE SPACE
STATIONS FUNDED BY COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRY SO WE CAN CONTINUE TO
HAVE A RESINS AND LOW EARTH
ORBIT AND NASA, OF COURSE, WILL
ALWAYS HAVE A PRESENCE, I WANT
TO BE CLEAR.
NASA WILL ALWAYS HAVE A PRESENCE
WE IL BE A CUSTOMER BUT JUST
LIKE WHAT WE ARE DOING WITH
COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION,
NASA WANTS TO BE A CUSTOMER.
WE WANT TO BE ONE CUSTOMER OF
MANY CUSTOMERS IN A VERY ROBUST
COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE IN LOW
EARTH ORBIT AND WE WANT TO HAVE
NUMEROUS PROVIDERS THAT ARE
COMPETING EACH OTHER ON COST AND
INNOVATION.
WHY?
BECAUSE THAT IS HOW WE DRIVE
DOWN COSTS.
S THAT HOW WE INCREASE ACCESS.
WE ARE DOING IT RIGHT NOW WITH
COMMERCIAL RESUPPLY TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION AND
WE EVENTUALLY WANT TO TAKE THAT
AND WE ARE ALMOST THERE.
WE'RE ON THE CUSP OF DOING IT
WITH COMMERCIAL CREW TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION.
WITH TWO SEPARATE PROVIDERS THAT
ARE COMPETING ON COST AND IN
LOVATION AND BY THE WAY.
THERE COULD BE OTHERS.
WE'RE VERY ANXIOUS ABOUT MAKING
SURE THAT THERE IS OPPORTUNITIES
TO GO BEYOND WHAT NASA HAS
ALREADY FUNDED.
BUT THEN EVENTUALLY WHAT WE NEED
TO DO NEXT IS WE NEED TO SEE
HABITATION IN LOW EARTH ORBIT
THAT IS COMMERCIAL IN NATURE.
SO WE NEED THAT INDUSTRIAL BUY
OMID SIN TO BE SUCCESSFUL AND WE
NEEDED AD MATERIALS TO BE
SUCCESSFUL AS WELL.
WE TALK ABOUT Z BRAND, CYBER
OPTICS THESE ARE THE CAPABILITY
HAS WE ARE USING THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION TO
PREV OUT THEY CAN CREATE
PRISTINE, CLEAR FIBER OPTICS IN
A WAY THAT IF IT IS ACHIEVABLE
WILL REDUCE THE COST OF TUBER
OPTIC NETWORKS HERE ON EARTH AND
THE BUSINESS CASE CLOSES AND
CAPITAL IWELL FLOW AND IN FACT
IN SPACE MANUFACTURING AND WAYS
THAT RATING NOW DOES NOT EXIST.
WE ARE USING INTERNATIONAL SPACE
STATION FOR COMMERCIALIZATION.
I WANT TO BE CLEAR.
SOME PEOPLE WOULD SUGGEST THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
COMPETES AGAINST PRIVATE
HABITATION AND LOW EARTH ORBIT.
THAT IS UNDERMENTALLY UNRU.
WE'RE USING THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE SPACE STATION TENABLE
THINK COMMERCIAL OPERATORS TO BE
SUCCESSFUL.
LOW EARTH ORBIT, COLMERSION
RESUPPLY, COMMERCIAL CREW,
EVENTUALLY COMMERCIAL
HABITATION.
HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW.
WE DO NOT WANT A GAP IN LOW
EARTH ORBIT.
WE HAD THE CHALLENGE WITH APOLLO
IS THAT IT ENDED.
ULTIMATELY WHEN IT ENDED, WE HAD
EIGHT YEAR GAP BEFORE THE
SHUTTLE.
THEN WE HAD THE SHUTTLE ENDED.
NOW WE HAD ANOTHER EIGHT YEAR
GAP BEFORE COMMERCIAL CREW.
WE WANT TO MAKE SURE THAT WE DO
NOT HAVE A GAP WITH PRESENCE IN
LOW EARTH ORBIT.
THERE ARE KIDS GRD RATE ATING
FROM HIGH SCHOOL TODAY THAT
LIVED ENTIRE LIVES WITH
AMERICANS LIVING AND WORKING
WITH IN PACE.
AND BY THE WAY, INTERNATIONAL
SPART MERES WITH US LIVING AND
WORK IN SPACE.
THAT IS FAN TASTE.
WE WANT TO MAKE SURE NEVER
BREAKS.
HOW DO WE DO THAT WE USE THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE SPACE
STATION TO CREATE THE COMMERCIAL
HAB TA TATION REQUIREMENT.
MATILY, THAT IS HOW NASA BECOMES
A CUSTOMER.
ONE CUSTOMER OF MAN.
ABOUT WE HAVE NUMEROUS ROW
PRIDERS THAT ARE COMPETING.
EVERYTHING I TALKED ABOUT PIS
LOW EARTH ORBIT.
WHAT WE NEEDS DOZ AFTER THIS.
WHEN THAT IS SUCK SECFUL THE
COST GO DOWN ACCESS GOES UP.
THEN WE CAN USE THE RESOURCE OF
THE AMERICAN TAXPAYERS GIVE US
TO GO EVEN FURTHER TO DO WHAT
ALREADY WE'RE NOT ABLE TO DO AND
THAT IS WE NEED TO GO BACK TO
THE MOON.
WE NEED TO GO SUSTAINABLY.
THAT WAS WHAT SPACE POLICY
DIRECTIVE WINCE ALL ABOUT?
WE GO FORWARD TO MAP.
WE'RE NOT GOING BACK TO THE
MOON.
WE'RE NOT GOING TO THE MOON.
WE'RE GOING FORWARD TO THE MOON
AND IN OTHER WORDS, WE'RE GOING
TO STAY.
FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
WE ARE GOING TO GO WITH
INTERNATIONAL, COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS.
WE ARE GOING TO UTILIZE THE
RESOURCE OF THE MOON.
WHEN YOU THINK ABOUT WHAT THOSE
RESOURCES ARE, HUNDREDS OF TONS
OF WATER THIGHS WE KNOW EXIST ON
THOSE SOUTH POLE THE MOON
PROBABLY MORE THE NORTH POLE OF
THE MOON, THERE IS WATER ICE AS
WELL.
HOW.
WE NEED TO FIND OUT.
KNOW.
WE HAVE MISSION NEW I AM PLEASED
TO ANNOUNCE.
IT IS CALLED VIPER.
WE ARE GOING TO TAKE ROVER TO
THE MOON THE NEW PROGRAM WE CALL
THE COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAYLOAD
SERVICE.
WE ARE BUYING SERVICES TO GO TO
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.
WE GOT A NUMBER OF COMPANIES
RIGHT NEW HAVE CONTRACTS THAT WE
HAVE EYE DON'T NEED WE BELIEVE
CAN TAKE US TO THE MOON WHERE
NAS SAYS NOT PURCHASING OWNING,
OPERATING THE HARDWARE BUT
INSTEAD WE ARE BUYING A SERVICE
TO GET ACTIVITIES TO THE SURFACE
OF THE MOON.
THE REASON AGAIN BEING WE WANT
THOSE COMPANIES TO GO GET
CUSTOMERS THAT ARE NOT US.
TO DRIVE DOWN THE COST AND
INCREASE ACCESS.
A LOT OF THESE COMPANIES ARE
DOING JUST THAT.
BUT WE'RE GOING TO USE THE
COMMERCIAL LUNAR PAYLOAD
SERVICES PROGRAM.
WE'RE GOING TO USE THAT TO
DELIVER VIPER TO THE SURFACE OF
THE MOON.
VIPER IS GOING TO ROVE ON THE
SOUTH POLE OF THE MOON AND VIPIR
IS GOING TO ACCESS WITH THE
WATER-ICE IS.
WE ARE GOING TO BE ABLE TO
CHARACTERIZE THE WATER ICE AND
ULTIMATELY DRILL AND FIND OUT
JUST HOW IS THE WATER ICE
EMBEDDED IN THE MOON.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
BECAUSE WATER ICE VENTS
SOMETHING SIGNIFICANT.
LAV SUPPORT.
WATER ICE IS OXYGEN TO BREATH.
IT IS WATER TO DRINK.
HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN WHEN YOU
CRACK IT INTO A PART.
IT IS THE SAME ROCKET FUEL THAT
POWERS THE SLS ROCKET, WILL BE
COMING OUT OF THE SAMEBLY
FACILITY HAVEN'T OF THIS YEAR.
THE MOST POWERFUL ROCKET AMERICA
HAS EVER BUILT, THAT IS GOING TO
TALK OUR ASTRONAUTS BACK TO THE
MOON.
THE HIGH DRE GONE AND OXYGEN
ROCKET.
HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW.
OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN IS AVAILABLE
ON THE SUR FASHION OF THE MOON
IN HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF TONS.
ROCKET FUEL IS AVAILABLE OB THE
SURFACE OF THE MACHINE AND CAN
USED AND WE NEED TO US.
>> I NOT JUST FOR LIFE SUPPORT,
BUT EVEN FOR MAYBE EVEN ROCKET
FUEL.
WE ARE GOING WITH SPECIAL?AL
PARTNERS.
WE ARE GOING WITH COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS.
WE ARE GOING TO UTILIZE THE
RESOURCES OF THE MACHINE TO LIB
AND LEARN HOW TO WORK FOR LONG
PERIODS OF TIME.
THEN, ULTIMATELY, WE WILL TAKE
WHAT WE BUILD, WHAT WE
UNDERSTAND THE TECHNOLOGIES, THE
CAPABILITY, THE ARCHITECTURE AND
AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE, WE ARE
BUILDING THE ARCHITECTURE TO BE
REP PLY CABLE AT MARS.
WE HAVE TALKED ABOUT WHY IT IS
SO IMPORTANT TO GO TO MARS.
COMPLEX ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
WE HAVE METHANE CYCLES
COMMENSURATE WITH SINCE.
LIQUID WATER UNDER THE SURFACE
OF MARS.
WE NEED TO GO FIND LIFE ON THE
ANOTHER WORLD IF IT EXISTS.
I KNOW THAT CHAIRMAN CULBERSON
IS ALL ABOUT THIS.
WE'RE WORKING HARD TO MAKE IT
HAPPEN AND CHAIRMAN YOU WILL,
YOU ARE THE LEGACY WE ARE GOING
TO MAKE SURE IT GETS DONE.
IN ORDER TO CREATE THE ARC FOR
TU WE HAVE TO HAVE THE ROCKET.
GAN THE MOST POWERFUL ROCKET THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA HAS
EVER BUILT.
WE NEED A EUROPEAN SERVICE
MODULE.
WHEN WE GO TO THE MOON FOR THE
FIRST TIME, IT WILL BE
INTERNATIONAL IN NATURE.
THE EUROPEAN SERVICE MOD MODULE
IS CRITICAL COMPONENT TO THE
ORION CREW CAP SAUL.
YOU HOUSE WITH GET THES A VO
NOWS TO THE I HAVE STIN THINK OF
MACHINE IN NOT ENOUGH THERE TO
GO TO LOW LUNAR ORBIT AND LAND
ON THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.
SO WE NEED TO GET MORE DELTA V.
DO WE GET THAT INWE'RE BUILDING
A REUSABLE COMMAND MODULE IN
ORBIT AROUND THE MOON THAT WE
CALL GATEWAY.
GATEWAY IS GOING TO BE ORBIT
AROUND THE MOON FOR 15 YEARS.
GATEWAY IS IMPORTANT FOR NUMBER
OF REASONS.
WE'RE NOT REBUILDING THE THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION
AROUND THE MOON.
WHAT WE'RE BUILDING IS A
SUSTAINABLE COMMAND MODULE THAT
WILL BE THERE FOR 15 YEARS THAT
IS MANEUVERABLE.
SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION AND
CAN GO TO THE NORTH POLE.
I CAN GO TO THE SOUTH POLE.
WHY THAT IS IMPORTANT?
THERE IS A LOT ABOUT THE MOON WE
DON'T KNOW.
FROM 1969 UP TO 2009 WE THOUGHT
THE MOON WAS BONE-DRY.
WHY M BECAUSE WE LANDED BE THE
EQUATORIAL REGIONS OF THE MOON.
WE ACCESSED THE WHOLE MOON WAS
LIKE EQUATORIAL REGION.
2009 WE MAKE THESE AMAZING
DISCOVER IS WHERE OUR
INTERNATIONAL PART PARTNERS
THERE IS HUNDREDS OF MILLIONS OF
TONS OF WATER USE ON THE SOUTH
POLE.
HOW DID WE MISS IT FOR 40 YEARS
PAUSE WE DIDN'T GO TO ALL OF THE
MOON.
THERE IS SO MUCH MORE ABOUT THE
MOON WE NEED TO LEARN SO THE
GATEWAY IS MANEUVERABLE.
THE GATEWAY IS ALSO IN EAR LER
FOR INTERNATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS WHEN WE BUILD THE
GATEWAY IN ORBIT AROUND THE MOON
IT IS GOING TO BE OPEN
ARCHITECTURE.
WHEN I SAY IT IS OPEN WHAT I MAN
IS THE WAY WE DO DOCKING.
WE WAY WE DO DATA.
THE WAY WE DO INFORMATION AND
AVIONICS THE WAY WE DO
ENVIRONMENTAL CELL AND LIFE
SUPPORT.
IT IS AVAILABLE AND PUBLISHED ON
THE INTERNET FOR EVERYBODY TO
SEE.
OUR INTERNATIONAL SPART NER WITH
US A BIG COUNTRY OAR SMALL
COUNTRY, MAYBE, MAYBE YOU ARE A
PRIVATE COMPANY.
YOU WILL BE A ABLE TO PROPOSE TO
NASA HOW YOU WANT TO UTILIZE THE
GATEWAY AND IN A UNIQUE WAY THAT
WILL TRANSFORM THE HUMAN
CONDITION HERE ON EARTH AND WE
WANT THAT TO BE AVAILABLE TO
YOU.
THE GOAL IS TO ENABLE EVERYBODY
TO DO MORE.
GATEWAY IS THAT END AND LER.
NOW IT IS JUST NOT END AND LER
FOR COMMERCIAL AND INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS.
HERE IS THE KEY.
IT IS ALSO ENABLER FOR SCIENCE.
HISTORICALLY AT NASA WE HAD THIS
CHALLENGE.
WHERE EVERY DOLLAR SPENT ON
HUMAN EX MORE RIGS AND OPERATION
IS A DOLLAR THAT IS NOT SPENT OB
SCIENCE.
EVERY DOLLAR SPENT ON SCIENCE IS
A DOLLAR NOT SPENT ON
OPERATIONS.
WELL, WHEN WE GO TO THE MOON THE
GATEWAY, WE HAVE A COMMUNICATION
ARCHITECTURE UNORBIT AROUND THE
MOON.
WE W OUR COLMERSION AND
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS ALL OF
THE SUDDEN, THE COSTS OF DOING
THINGS LIKE ASTROPHYSICS GOES
WAY DOWN.
ASTROPHYSICS IS PART OF THE
SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE.
SO IT IS NOT NO LEARNING SER ZE
GAME BY DOING HUMAN EXPLORATION
WE'RE EN AC LING ASTROPHYSICS.
THAT IS KEY END AND BLER SO WE
GOT A MISSION I AM EXCISED
ABOUT.
IT IS BEING LEAD BY THEMES
RESEARCH CENTER WITH OTHERS
OPERATED BY NASA AS WELL AND
THIS MISSION IS GOING TO HELP US
SEE NOT JUST BACK INTO SPACE OR
DEEP SPACE BUT ALSO BACK INTO
TIME.
WE ARE GOING TO SEE NOT JUST THE
FIRST LIGHT IN THE UNIVERSE
AFTER THE BIG BANG.
WE WILL SEE BEFORE THE FIRST
FLIGHT.
WE WILL SEE WHAT ARE CALLED THE
DARK AGES.
AND WE CAN SEE IT FROM THE FAR
SIDE OF THE MOON BECAUSE IT IS
SO QUIET.
FROM ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
PERSPECTIVE.
AND THE REASON WE'RE ABLE TO
THINK ABOUT THIS NOW IS BECAUSE
WE'RE GOING TO HAVE
COMMUNICATION ARCHITECTURE
AROUND THE MOON THAT INCLUDES
THE DATE WHICH AND THAT
COMMUNICATION MEANS WE DON'T
HAVE TO LAUNCH A 500 MILLION, A
HALF MILLION MISSION AROUND THE
MOON.
WE CAN LAUNCH A MISSION AROUND
THE MOON THAT DOES
FOR $90 MILLION BECAUSE THERE IS
ALREADY ARCHITECTURE SUPPORT
THERE.
IN WORDS, WE DOZEN MORE SCIENCE.
NOT LESS SCIENCE WHEN WE DO
HUMAN EX MORE TRYINGS THE MOON.
THAT IS VERY POSITIVE
DEVELOPMENT AND REMEMBER, THE
VIPER LANNER IS IN THE MACHINE
AS WELL.
WE CAN HAVE NUMB ROUTES MISSIONS
TO THE SURFACE OF THE MOON WITH
HUMANS SOME OF THEM AMERICANS,
SOME OF THEM WITH INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS MAYBE SOME OF THEM
COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY.
MAYBE THEY ARE INTERESTED IN THE
PLATINUM GROUP METAL ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON.
PEOPLE ARE FAMILIAR WITH RARE
EARTH METALS THE CHALLENGE WITH
THE EARTH WE HAVE ACTIVE GEOGY
AND ACTIVE ATMOSPHERE WHICH
MEANS ANYTHING IMPACTED THE
EARTH BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO IS
NOT TODAY WHERE IT USED TO BE.
IT IS VERY TRACED AMOUNTS.
WHEN YOU FIND IT AT ALL.
WELL, THE MOON IS DIFFERENT.
IT DUP HAVE ACTIVE GE LOCAL
GIANT DOESN'T HAVE ACTIVE A
ATMOSPHERE WHICH MEANS ANYTHING
THAT IMPACTED THE MOON BILLIONS
OF YEARS AGO IS TODAY WHERE IT
WAS WELLWELLS OF YEARS AGO THAT
WOULD YOU KNOW INCLUDE THE
ASTEROID IMPACTS THAT ARE THOSE
RARE EARTH METALS WHICH IN THIS
CASE WOULD BE RARE LUNAR METALS.
NOW, ARE THEY THERE IN BIG
DEPOSITS, I DON'T.
THEN NEITHER DES ANN ONE ELSE.
LET'S GO FIND OUT.
THAT IS WHAT THIS IS ALL ABOUT.
EXPLORATION DISCOVERY AND
SCIENCE.
REMEMBER THE SCIENCE.
TAKED ABOUT JUST NOW.
HOW THESE ASTEROID IMPACTS FROM
BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO COULD BE
TODAY WHERE THEY WERE BILLIONS
OF YEARS AGO.
BUT THIS IS ALSO TRUE THE SUN
HAS CHARGE PARTICLE KETS COMING
FROM IT AND IMPACTING WITH THE
MOON ALL THE TIME.
BECAUSE IT DOESN'T HAVE
ATMOSPHERE OF THE MOON.
BY THE WAY, THOSE UB ATOMIC
CHARGED PARTICLES ARE PROBABLY
TODAY RIGHT WHERE FROM THEY
BILLIONS YEAR AGO.
THE MOON DOESN'T REPRESENT AN
TAUNT TO DO ASTRO FIS UKES BUT
REP ACCEPTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO DO
THE TUD TUD DIF THE SUN ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON.
THE MOON IS REPOS TO RIFF THE
EARLY SOLAR SYSTEM.
SO WHEN WE TALK ABOUT THE MOON,
I IS ABOUT PLANETARY JOINS AND
THE CONCERN ABOUT THE MOON.
A LOT OF JOIN INSES BELIEVE THE
MOON AT ONE TIME WAS PART OF THE
EARTH.
AND SO WE CAN LEARN MAYBE THE
EARLY EARTH BY STUDYING THE
MOON.
SO ALL OF THESE OPPORTUNITIES
ARE AVAILABLE TO US WHEN WE GO
TO THE MOON AND ULF IT ENABLED
THE SCRINES DIRECTOR OF SPACE
THEY WORK HAND AND GLOVE AND ALL
OF US CAN DO MORE WHEN WE WORK
TOGETHER.
THAT IS NOT JUST TRUE OF THE
DIFFERENT MISSION DIRECT IT A O
ARE IT IS TRUE WHEN WE BRING
WITH US OUR INTERNATIONAL AND
OUR COMMERCIAL PARTNERS.
THAT IS WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO
BUILD AT THE MOON.
REMEMBER WHY WE ARE GOING TO THE
MOON.
WE ARE LEARNING TO LIVE AND WORK
FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
THAT IS WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO DO.
BECAUSE ULTIMATELY WHEN WE GO TO
MARS, WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TO BE
THERE FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.
EARTH AND MARS ON THE SAME SIDE
OF THE SUN ONCE EVERY 26 MONTHS.
THAT MEANS WHEN YOU GO YOU GOT
TO BE READY TO STAY, FRIENDS.
SOME PEOPLE WOULD SUGGEST WE
COULD DO 30 TO 90-DAY STAGE.
SOME PEOPLE SUGGEST YOU GOT TO
BE THERE FOR TWO YEARS.
WE ARE WORK OUGHT THE ORBITAL
PHYSIC ASS AND OTHER WAYS OF
MAYBE COMING HOME AND THAT ARE
UNIQUE WHEN YOU CAN DO A SHORT
DURATION OF STAY ON MARS.
WHERE WE USE VENUS AS A GRAVITY
ASSIST TO COME HOME.
I AM MT. SAYING WE ARE GOING TO
DO THAT IN BUT IN THE REM OF
WHAT COULD BE POSSIBLE.
HERE IS WHAT WE ALSO KNOW.
WE NEED TO GET TO MARS WE NEED
TO CONTINUE TO LOOK AND FIND TO
SEE IF THERE IS LIFE ON ANOTHER
WORLD.
THE MOON IS THE PROVING GROUND.
MARS IS THE DESTINATION.
WE CANNOT FORGET WHY WE ARE
GOING TO THE MOON.
FINALLY, THEN, I WILL OPEN IT UP
FOR QUESTIONS.
WHEN WE WENT TO THE MOON IN THE
196.
>> , WE WENT UNDER A PROGRAM
CALLED APPROXIMATELY LOW.
IN THOSE DAY, ALL OF THE
ASTRONAUTS CAME FROM FIGHTER
PILOT ANTES PILOT BACKGROUNDS.
THERE WERE NO OPPORTUNITIES FOR
WOMEN.
WELL, IT SO HAPPENS THAT IN
GREEK MYTHOLOGY, APOLLO HAS TWIN
SISTER.
HER NAME IS A THE MISS AND SHE
IS THE GODDESS OF THE MOON.
THIS TIME WHEN GO TO THE MOON,
WE GO UNITED NATIONS THE NAME
ARTIE MISS WE ARE GOING FORWARD
TO THE MOON AND WE ARE GOING TO
STAY BUT THIS TIME WHEN WE GO WE
ALSO HAVE A VERY DIVERSE HIGHLY
QUALIFIED ASTRONAUT CORE THAT
INCLUDES WOMEN.
THIS IS OUR GENERATION.
WE ARE THE ARTEMIS
ADMINISTRATION I AM THE FIRST
THAT WAS NOT ALIVE WHEN WE HAD
PEOPLE ON THE MOON.
I WAS BORN IN 1975 OUR LAST
MISSION WAS 167 2 I DON'T HAVE
THAT MACHINE MEMORY WE CANNOT
LET ANOTHER GENERATION GO BY
WHERE WE DON'T HAVE THAT MEMORY.
WE NEED TO GET TO THE MOON.
WE NEED TO STAY AT THE MOON.
WE NEED AS TO LEARN HOW TO LIVE
AND WORK ON ANOTHER WORLD AND
NEED TO GO TO MAR S THIS THE
ARTEMIS GENERATION WE NEED TO
OWN. IT WE NEED TO TAKE CONTROL
OF IT.
WE NEED TO MAKE IT HAPPEN.
THANKS SO MUCH FOR HAVING ME.
[APPLAUSE]
WE HAVE QUESTIONS ON THE LAP
TOP.
WHAT IS THIS CALLED?
WHAT IS IT?
IF YOU WANT TO ASK QUESTIONS,
HERE THIS IS WAY TO DO YOU.
HOW FAR WILL MASS EMPLOY
EXPERIMENTS ON THE MOON?
THAT WINCE OF THE QUESTIONS.
THAT'S THE FIRST QUESTION.
WE ARE GOING TO DO IT RIGHT
AWAY.
WE'RE HOPING TO IT IN 2021.
TANG WE ARE USING THE COMMERCIAL
LUNAR PAYLOAD SERVICES PROGRAM
WE WHERE WE'RE GOING TO THE MOON
WITH SMALL PAYLOADS, SEE YOU
PLIEDS, COMMERCIALLY.
WE'RE NOT GOING TO PURCHASE THEM
AND OPERATE THE VEHICLES WE ARE
GOING TO BUY SERVICES.
MANY IN THE ROOM REMEMBER THE
GOOGLE LUNAR, THAT PRIZE
ULTIMATE LE NOBODY WON BUT A
NUMBER OF COMPANIES GOT FORMED
SO WE BELIEVE HAVE CAPABLE OF
GETTING US TO THE MOON.
AND WE HAVE TURNED TO THOSE
COMPANIES AND SAID CAN YOU GET
US TO THE MOON WITH A 15 OR
20-POUND EXPERIMENT TO HELP US
UNDER STAN THE SURFACE OF THE
MOON.
THE ANSWER WAS YES.
WE HAVE NOW GONE UNDER CONTRACT
WITH TWO COMPANIES THAT WE
BELIEVE ARE ABLE TO DELIVER TO
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON IN A
YEAR 2021.
NOW WHEN TALK ABOUT IN STAB
RESOURCES.
ARE THEY GOING TO BE DOING WATER
EXPERIMENTS.
MAYBE.
MAYBE NOT.
ARE THEY GOING TO GET TO THE
SOUTH POLE INMAYBE, MAYBE NOT.
HERE IS WHAT WE DO KNOW.
WE DO KNOW WE HEED TO GET THE
MACHINE SO IT CAN DO THOSE.
WE WANT TO START THAT AS SOON AS
POSSIBLE AM SO THEY WILL BE
DOING EXPERIMENTS AND AS EARLY
AS 2021 AND JUST SO WE CAN HELP
CHARACTERIZE THE LIFT.
OK.
ANOTHER QUESTION.
COULD AMERICAN COMMERCIAL
ASTRONAUTS RATHER THAN
GOVERNMENT NASA CREW BE USED TO
MEET MANDATES TO LISTENED ON THE
MOON?
THE MANDATE AND TO RETURN BY
2024?
THE ANSWER IS YES.
ABSOLUTELILY.
WHEN WE DO COMMERCIAL CREW, IN
FACT, ONE OF THE COMMERCIAL CREW
PROVIDERS GOING TO THE
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION IS
IN FACT BOW IN AND THEY HAVE AN
ASTRONAUT THAT WILL BE THE CREW
ON THE FIRST TEST FLIGHT OF THE
BOEING CREW CAPSULE CALLED STAR
LINER THAT GOES INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
ON DAY ONE, COMMERCIAL IS GOING
WITH US TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
AND REMEMBER, A WE ARE DOING
NOW, WE TALKED ABOUT THE GATEWAY
AND/OR BIT AROUND THE MOON AND
ALL THAT IT ENABLE AS, ASTRO FIS
UK, HELIO FIXES, LUNAR SWIPE,
PLANETARY SCIENCE, GATEWAY WASH
INTERNATIONAL PART THE,
COMMERCIAL PARTNER, PEOPLE CAN
BUILD APPLICATIONS FOR IT IN IN
THAT INCLUDE ALL OF THE ABOVE.
REMEMBER WE ARE GOING TO USE IT
TO GET TO THE SURFACE OF THE
MOON WITH COMMERCIAL LANDERS.
KI WORD, COMMERCIAL LANDERS.
WE ARE NOT BUYING, OWNING,
OPERATING A LANDER TO GO FROM
THE GATEWAY TO THE SURFACE OF
THE MOON.
WE WILL BUY A SERVICE.
THE GOAL BEING WE INTEND FOR THE
COMMERCIAL PARTNERS TO GO GET
CUSTOMERS THAT ARE NOT NASA SO
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT EVEN ON DAY
ONE, THEY COULD HAVE THEIR OWN,
LIKE THE INTERS IN AAL SPACE
STATION.
THEY DO HAVE COMMERCIAL
ASTRONAUTS.
WE'RE WAITING FOR INDUSTRY TO
PROPOSE TO US WHAT THEY ARE
INTERESTED IN DOING.
IF THEY CROWS THAT IT IS
SOMETHING WEE CERTAINLY
CONSIDER.
LET'S SEE.
DO YOU FOR SEE THE FALCON HEAVY
OR STAR HELPING ACCOMPLICE THE
ARTEMIS PROGRAM.
WE'RE IN A SOURCE OF ELECTION
PROCESS NOW SO IT IS LITTLE FOR
ME TO HIGHLIGHT ONE OR THE OTHER
AND SAY ONE IS A PART AND THE
OTHER ONE IS NOT.
BUT KNOW, WE WANT TO GO TO THE
MOON WITH COMMERCIAL LANNER.
AND STARSHIP OF COURSE IS A
COMMERCIAL LANNER THAT WE
ANTICIPATE WILL BE COMPETING IN
THE PROGRAM AND DO WE KNEE.
NO.
CERTAINLY IT LOOKS LIKE THEY
WILL BE.
BUT THE ANSWER IS WE NEED
COMMERCIAL PARTNERS WHETHER IT
IS STARSHIP OR OTHER COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS WE NEED COMMERCIAL
PARTNERS.
NOT JUST TO GO FROM THE GATEWAY
THOUGH SURFACE OF THE MOON BUT
ALSO TO DELIVER CARGO.
I WOULD LIKE TO SEE A HABITATION
MODULE ON THE SURFACE OF THE
MOON.
COMMERCIAL INFLATABLE.
IT MAY BE.
IT MAY NOT.
I DON'T WANT TO PREJUDGE.
I WOULD LIKE TO SEA HABITATION
MODULE ON THE SURFACE OF THE
MOON.
THAT COULD BE DELIVERED
COMMERCIALLY AND IN SOME OF
THOSE CASES YOU CAN GO TO THE
MOON AND OTHER CASE YOU WOULD
USE GATEWAY TO MAKE IT HAP PEP.
LOOK.
THERE ARE NO PG OS OFF THIBLE.
YES, I SEE THAT THAT WOULD BE
VIABLE OPPORTUNITY.
DO YOUR INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS
INCLUDE CHINESE PARTNER.
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IS
PROHIB BID BY LAW FROM
COOPERATING WITH CHINA IN A
BILATERAL WAY.
THERE IS A LOT OF! POS THAT.
MAN PEOPLE IN THE ROOM KNOW WHAT
THOSE ARE.
HERE IS THE THING.
AT NASA WE ARE WITH WILL FOLLOW
THE LAW.
AND WHEN WE FOLLOW THE LAW.
WE WILL CONTINUE TO GET FUNDING.
SHOULD WE CHOOSE TO BRACK THE
LAW.
GUESSES WHAT M WE'LL NOT GET
FUNDING THAT IS THE ARE ALLY THE
WITH LIVE UNDER.
BUT HERE'S THE THING.
AND I REALLY BELIEVE THIS.
NASA IS INSTRUMENT OF AMERICAN
POWER.
NOT HARD POWER.
SOFT POWER.
IT IS DIPLOMATIC POWER.
THE ABOUT THIS.
OTHER DAY AGO THREE DAYS AGO I
HELD A MEETING ABOUT THE ARTEMIS
PROGRAM AND WHAT NATION WAS WANT
TO JOIN US GOING TO THE MOON.
AND IN THAT BILATERAL MEETING WE
HAD 26 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES.
26 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES SAME AND
SAID WE WANT TO BE WITH YOU WHEN
YOU GO THOUGH MOON.
NOW WE CANNOT HAVES A ROW NOWS
FROM 26 DIFFERENT COUNTRIES AT
THE SAME TIME.
BUT CERTAINLY, WE CAN HAVE
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS AND
EVENTUALLY AS THIS IS
SUSTAINABLE THE INTERNATIONAL
PARTNERS WE WOULD TO LOVE SEE
THEM ON THE MOON TOO.
MAYBE NOT ON THE FIRST MISSION.
MAYBE NOT ON THE SECOND MISSION
BUT WE WANT THEM ON THE MOON.
WE WANT TO SEE AMERICAN AS ROW
NOW THES WORKING SIDE BUY SIDE
WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS ON
THE SURFACE OF THE MOON.
BUT MAN INFORM YOU HEARD THE
SENTENCE VICE PRESIDENT SPEAK
THE OTHER DAY.
THAT YOU DONE JUST GET TO SIGN
UP AND JOIN US.
THIS IS ELEMENT OF NATIONAL
POWER WHERE HE WANT TO SAY, OH
WAY KAY, WE WAN TO YOU BE WITH
US.
LEER THE CONDITIONS THAT ARE
NECESSARY TO JOIN.
THINK THAT IS PERFECTLY
APPROPRIATE TO LEAD THREE
NATIONS IN THAT EFFORT.
AND SO, RIGHT NOW, WE'RE
PROHIBITED BY LAW FROM
PARTNERING WITH CHIN INAND
BILART WAY AND BUT CERTAINLY IN
THE FUTURE, AND DEFENDING ON IN
CONDITIONS WE WOULD BE OPEN TO
THAT.
BUT IT IS, IT IS NOT JUST SIGN
AND YOU GET COME WITH US.
HOW FAR?
OK.
I AM LOOKING AT THESE THAT I
HAVE ALREADY ANSWERED.
WHY DOES THE MOON LANDING NEED
TO BE DONE BY 2024?
WHAT WILL HAPPEN THE DATE IS NOT
THAT?
SO WE LOOKED AT THIS.
WE ACTUALLY DID A PROPOSAL A
BUDGET PROPOSAL THIS SAID IF
NASA'S BUDGETS DON'T CHANGE
EXCEPT FOR MAYBE WITH INFLATION,
IF NASA'S BUDGETS DON'T CHANGE
HOW DOES THAT AFFECT OUR
PROGRAM?
TO GO TO THE MOON.
WE PUT TOGETHER A BUDGET
REQUEST.
WE SAID, LOOK.
IF WE DO IT.
WE COULD QUITE THE YEAR 2028.
IF THE TEN-YEAR PROGRAM GIVEN
WHERE WE WERE AT THE TIME.
HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT
HISTORY.
YOU GO BACK TO THE 19 90'S.
WE HAD THE SPACE EXPLORATION
INITIATIVE AND RETURN TO THE
MOON AND TON MARS.
AND IT WAS VERY EXPENSIVE.
IT TOOK A LOT OF TIME.
BECAUSE IT TOOK SO LONG.
IT GOT CANCELED.
THEN WE HAD THE FISSION I HAVE
VISION IN EARLY 2,000 AND RETURN
TO THE MAN ANTON MARS.
THEN OF COURSE IT WAS EXPENSIVE
AND TOOK A LOT OF TIME.
BECAUSE IT TOOK SO LONG IT GOT
CANCELED.
THERE IS TWO RISKS THAT DEAL
WITH AT NASA.
TWO.
TWO.
WELL, THERE IS A LOT MORE RISKS
THAN.
TWO THAT I WORRY ABOUT.
HOW ABOUT THAT THIS THE MOST.
NUMBER ONE, IT IS TECHNICAL
RISKS.
I CAN TELL YOU THIS.
GIVEN WHAT I KNOW ABOUT NAS AND
OUR ENGINEERS AND OUR SCIENTISTS
AND TECHNICIANS.
NASA 3:00 AND OUR INTERNATIONAL
PART PARTNERS WE CAN HANDLE THE
TECHNICAL RISKS.
I HAVE A ABSOLUTELY NO DOLT
ABOUT OUR ABILITY TO HAN HANDLE
THE TECHNICAL RISKS THERE IS
ANOTHER RISKS.
IT PLATES.
WE USED TO HAVE JOHN CULBERSON
IN THE HOUSE AND HE WOULD MAKE
SURE WE GOT WHAT WE NEEDED.
THAT WAS NOT ALWAYS THE CASE.
IF YOU LOOK BACK IN TIME, WHEN
WE DON'T HAVE PEOPLE THAT ARE
CHAMPIONS ON THE APPROPRIATIONS
COMMITTEE WE RUN INTO PROBLEMS.
THIS CASE, THE RISK US IS WE GO
TEN YEARS WE IN CRASS THE
POLITICAL RISKS IF YOU WANT TO
RETIRE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE.
YOU GOT TO GO FASTER.
WHAT IS THE GOAL INTHE GOAL IS
TO GET TO THE MOON WITH
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS AND
COMMERCIAL PARTNERS IN ORDER TO
DO THAT WE NEED TO GO FAST.
SO I WAS GIVEN THE AS OF COURSE
WON AD TO GO AS SOON AS YOU CAN
GET THERE.
HOW WOULD YOU DO IT.
HOW MUCH WOULD IT COSTS WE CAME
BACK AND APENNED THE BUDGET
REQUESTION WHICH IS IS NOT A
NORMAL PROCESS.
THE CARE CHAIRMAN OF THE
APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE CAN
TELL YOU.
THAT NOT NORMAL PROCESS.
WE WENT K ABOUT A AND ASKED FOR
ADDITIONAL $1.00 BILLION FOR THE
ARTEMIS PROGRAM MAINLY TO GET A
HUMAN LANDING STOP THE SURFACE
OF THE MOON FROM THE GATEWAY.
NOW WE'LL BUY THAT
COMMISSIONERLY.
WE ARE NOT GOING TO OWN AND
OPERATE IT.
WE ARE GOING TO BUY IT
COMMISSIONERLY.
THAT $1 OPINION BILLION WAS
NECESSARY TO REDUCE THE
POLITICAL RISKS.
THAT IS WHAT WE ARE TRYING TO
DO.
NOW IF WE DO THAT.
REMEMBER, EVERYTHING STILL HAS
TO GO VERY WELL.
IN THE REALM OF WHAT IS
POSSIBLE?
ABSOLUTELY.
IS DIFT CULT?
YES.
IT IS DIFFICULT.
EVERYTHING HAS TO GO ACCORDING
TO PLANNED TO ACHIEVE A 2024
MOON LANDING.
BUT HERE IS WHAT WE KNOW.
IF WE MAKE IT A LONGER PROGRAM.
IT IS SUBJECT TO MORE POLITICAL
RISK AND THAT IS WHAT WE'RE
TRYING TO RETIRE.
ALSO THE 2024 DATE IS BAWL.
IS ALL ABOUT.
ALSO THE 2024 DATE
IS ALL ABOUT.
WILL YOU MAKE SURE THERE IS
ENOUGH WOMEN QUALIFIED TO GO
THOUGH MOON?
WE WILL MAKE SURE.
TANG IF YOU LOOK AT THE CURRENT
ASTRONAUT CORE.
THE BRAND-NEW CLASS, THE NEWEST
CLASS, CLASS GOING THROUGH
TRAINING NOW, IT IS 50% WOMEN.
AND I THINK THE CLASS BEFORE
THAT ALSO MAYBE NOT THAT HIGH OF
A PERCENTAGE BUT A GOOD AMENTS
WELL.
I WILL TELL YOU THIS.
WE HAVE GREAT WOMEN AT NASA NOW.
WHEN WE TALK ABOUT THE
ASTRONAUTS THAT GOIL TO THE MOON
IN 2024, IT WILL LIKELY BE ONE
OF THE ASTRONAUTS THAT CURRENTLY
EXISTS IN THE ASTRONAUT CORE.
WE HAVE NOT SLEEKED.
I GET THIS QUESTION ALL THE
TIME.
WHICH ONE IS IT GOING TO BE BE?
I WILL TELL YOU THIS.
ACCORDING TO THE PRESIDENT, THE
NEXT MAN IN AND THE FIRST WOMAN
ON THE MOON WILL BE AMERICAN.
WE DO WANT TO GO WITH
INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS BUT I
WANT TO BE CLEAR THAT IF WE ARE
GOING TO MAKE THIS HAPPEN IN
2024 WE NEED HIDELY SKILLED
ALREADY TRAINED AS VO NUT BE A
IMAGINE THE SHE IS ALREADY IN
THE ASTRONAUT CORE.
BAY THE WAY, JUST BECAUSE IT IS
THE NEXT MACHINE IN THE IN A THE
FIRST WOMAN DOESN'T MEAN THE
NEXT TWO PEOPLE.
DONE THAT BOTH BE WOMEN BY THE
WAY.
THAT IS IMPORTANT POINT TO MAKE.
LET'S SEE.
WHAT MAKES YOU THINK PLUTO IS A
PLANET?
I THOUGHT I COVERED THAT ONE.
A MULTI LAYER AT MISPER, IT HAS
OCEAN, IT HAS COMPLEX ORGANIC
COP POUND, IT HAS ITS OWN MOON,
THIS IDEA SAW THERE TO CLEAR
YOUR OWN ORBIT, YOU KNOW, THAT
MEANS THAT NONE OF THE PLANETS
ARE PLANETS.
I AM -- BAY THE WAY, I LIKE
THERE BEING NINE PLANETS.
HOW ABOUT THAT?
DO WE HAVE PLU TOW FANS OUT
THERE?
ALL RIGHT.
ALL RIGHT.
WHAT IS THE PROCESS FOR CHOOSING
WHICH HUMAN LANDER TO SMEWS WE
PUT OUT WHAT WE CALL A BRD
AGENCY ANNOUNCEMENT.
THE PROCESS FOR CHOOSING THE
LANDER.
SO THIS IS THE CHALLENGE RIGHT
WE'RE GOING TO GO FAST.
WHY BECAUSE IT REDUCE POLITICAL
RISKS AND WE WANT TO GO FAST
PAUSE THE FASTER WE GET THE MOON
THE FASTER WE GET TO MARS.
ALL THE ABOVE.
IT IS INCLUSIVE.
SO WHEN WE THINK ABOUT HOW WE
BUILD LANDERS FOR THE MON OR ANY
PROJECT HANNAH SA DOES THE WAY
OF DICT IS NASA SPENDS SIX
MONTHS TRYING TO FIGURE OUT WHAT
INFORMATION WE IMMEDIATE.
THEN AFTER SIX MONTHS WE PUT OUT
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION.
THEN WE WAIT FOR SIX MONTHS
WHILE INDUSTRY RESPONSE TO THE
REQUEST FOR INFORMATION THEN
AFTER WE GET THAT INFORMATION WE
EVALUATE THAT INFORMATION FOR
SIX MONTH THEN WE PUT OUT
REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS.
THEN INDUSTRY AFTER SIX MONTHS
WILL RESPOND TO THAT QUESTION
FOR PROPOSALS THEN SPEND SIX
MONTHS LOOKING AND WE DO A
SOURCE SELECTION.
SO TWO AND A HALF YEARS INTO THE
PROGRAM.
WE FINALLY GOING TO GET CON
TRACK INTO WE DECIDE ON AND
MAYBE.
MAYBE A NUMBER THAT WE DECIDE
ON.
AND THEN ALL OF THE OTHERS THAT
DIDN'T WIN THEY ALL PROTEST THEN
THEY SUE EACH OTHER AND THEY SUE
NASA AND FIVE YEARS INTO THE
PROGRAM, WE ACTUALLY GET
SOMEBODY ON CONTRACT WHO
ACHIEVED OB JEBBIVES WE GOT TO
BE OB THE MOON IN FIVE YEARS WE
CAN NOT WATTAPES NAR.
WE HAVE BEEN HAVING SOME SERIOUS
DISCUSSIONS OF HOW WE DO THIS
AND GO THIS TIME WE'RE GOING IN
A DIFFERENT WAY.
WE'RE NOT GOING TO CREATE
THOUSANDS AND THOUSANDS AND
THOUSANDS OF REQUIREMENTS AND IN
HE IS SES DE.
>> ING THE SPACECRAFT AND THE
REQUIREMENT PROCESS AND TURN TO
PRIVATE INDUSTRY TO GET THEIR
FEEDBACK AND WANT THEM TO TELL
US HOW THEY ARE GOING TAKE OUR
ASTRONAUTS TO THE MOON.
THAT IS WHY WE HAVE WHAT WE CALL
THE PRAD AGENCY.
I WILL TELL YOU, THAT WE HAVE
AMAZING CONTRACTORS THAT ARE
ALREADY SIGNING UP AND MORE THAT
WILL BE SIGNING UP TO COMPETE.
AS FAR AS GIVING ANY IN SIGHT
INTO WHAT THAT COMPETITION WILL
LOOK LIKE.
AND WHO WILL WIN I CANNOT SAY.
WE ARE VERY EXCITED ABOUT THE
FACT HAG WE HAVE MANY, MANY
INTERESTED PARTIES IN BEING PART
OF THAT.
LET'S SEE.
SUN HUMAN SPACE EXPLORATION
ABOUT HUMAN KIND AS A WHOLE?
ABSOLUTELY.
WHEN WE WENT TO THE MOON, IT WAS
HUMANITY GOING TO THE MOON.
WAS IT IMPORTANT THAT THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA LET IT?
I THINK SO.
THERE WAS GREAT POWER
COMPETITION UNDERWAY AT THE
TIME.
IT WAS THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA AND THE SOVIET UNION AND
I THINK IT WAS IMPORTANT THAT
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WON
THAT SPACE RACE.
NOW TO BE CLEAR.
WITHOUT THAT GREAT POWER
COMPETITION.
YOU WOULDN'T HAVE HAD SPUTNIK.
YOU WON A HAVE HAD THE FIRST
HUMAN IN SPACE.
THE FIRST PERSON TO ORBIT THE
EARTH.
SO THAT GREAT POWER COMPETITION
ACTUALLY ENABLED OR I SHOULD SAY
IT DROVE US TO SPACE
EXPLORATION.
FIRST TIME AT SPACE STATION TAWA
INTERNATIONAL IN NATURE.
SO THAT DROVE US TO A POSITION
WHERE WE WERE PARTNERING.
LOOK.
COMPETITION IS A DRIVER,
COOPERATION IS ENABLER NOW WE
HAVE BEEN, LOOK, WE WENT FROM
THE APOLLO, THE ALOLO SOYUZ
PROGRAM OR GO TO RUSSIA SOYUZ
APOLLO PROGRAM IF YOU GO THAT
PROGRAM WHICH WAS STARTED WELL
BEFORE THAT TO THE SHUTTLE
PROGRAM.
AMANDA THE SPACE SHUTTLE OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
THEN YOU GO TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SPACE STATION.
SO YOU GO BACK TO PARTNERSHIP
GOES BACK TO 1965.
DOES IT MATTER?
IN MY VIEW, IT DOES MATTER.
DO WE GO TOGETHER?
ABSOLUTELY.
AND BY THE WAY, DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES CAN LEAD ON DIFFERENT
THINGS.
THERE IS NOTHING WRONG WITH
THAT.
IF YOU ARE COUNTRY OUT THERE AND
WANT TO LEAD ON SOMETHING AND
WANTS THE UNITED STATES TO BE A
PARTNER WE ARE ALL ABOUT THAT.
WASN'T TO BE A PARTNER OF A LOT
OF MIGHTSES AS WELL.
I WOULD SAY IF YOU LOOK FORWARD,
THERE IS DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
TAKING DIFFERENT LEADS I WILL
TELL YOU WHERE THE UNITED STATES
WILL LEAD.
WE WILL LEAD A COALITION OF
NATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE RETURN TO
THE MOON.
BY THE WAY BECAUSE WE'RE DOING
THAT YOU KNOW, YOU LOOK AT THE
BUDGET OUR NASA BUDGET
21.5 BILLION ANNUALLY IT MADE
SENSE.
AND THEY WANT THE UNITED STATES
TO BE A PARTNER.
WE ARE FOR THAT, TOO.
YEAH.
WE ALL GO TOGETHER.
THEN THE SAME TIME DIFFERENT
NATIONS CAN LEAD ON THINGS.
I GOT TWO MINUTES LEFT.
WILL CLOSE IT OUT HERE.
WOULD THERE BE TUNE FORCE VENUS
SCIENCE PRF TY ASSIST ASSOCIATED
WITH THE MARS SNIGS.
>> THAT IS WAY OUT THERE.
I WOULD HAIB DIN YES.
WE'RE WELL NOTE IT FLY BUY
ANOTHER PLANET.
THAT IS JUST A MATTER OF FACT.
AND OF COURSE WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT
VENUS HELPS US INFORM ABOUT OUR
OWN PLANET.
WHAT WE LEARN ABOUT MARS HELPS
US KNOW WHO OUR OWN PLANET AS
WELL.
WE KNOW MARS USED TO HAVE ACTIVE
GEOLOGY OR I SHOULD SAY ACTIVES
A NOT FER WITH THE OCEAN THE
CORE OF MARS POOLED AND WENT
FROM MULT IN TO BEING SOLID AND
WHEN THAT HAPPENED IT LOST THE
FEAR AND ALL OF THE SUDDEN WE
DON'T HAVE OCEAN BECAUSE WITHOUT
THAT.
WITHOUT AT OFFICER THE RAD FRIGS
THE SUN AND DEEP SPACE DRIED UP
MAR AND LOOKS BARREN TODAY.
THESE ARE THINGS THAT INFORM US.
PLANETARY SCIENCE I INFORMS YOU.
WHAT IS HAPPENING OUR PLANET AS
OUR OWN PLANET CHANGES.
I AM NOT SUG GES WE ARE GOING TO
LOSE.
ALL THE REPORTER HERE DON'T
REMEMBER THAT.
YEAH.
NEED TO GET SCIENCE FROM ALL THE
PLANET AND THERE IS
OPPORTUNITIES TOES DO THAT AND
IN THE FUTURE REMEMBER, IN THE
FUTURE, AND SAID IT EARLIER.
THE MOON IS THE PROOFING GROUND
MARS IS THE DESTINATION.
WE CAN GO PEYON MARS.
THERE IS TUNES BE BEYOND MARS.
AND CERTAINLY WE WANT TO GO
BEYOND MARS.
THE ANSWER IS YES.
WE ARE GOING TO GET SCIENCE FROM
THE MACHINE PLANETS I WANT TO GO
CLOSEST OUT.
A MINUTE MAYBE OR 10:00 AND END
BY SAYING THIS.
NUMBER ONE, THANK YOU FOR BEING
HERE FOR PUBLIC DAY AT THE IAC.
IT MEANS THAT YOU COMMITTED TO
WHAT WE'RE TRYING TO ACHIEVE AND
INTERESTED IN SPACE EXPLORATION
AND WE WANT TO GO TO THE MOON
AND WE WANT TO GO TEENBLY.
GAIN I CANNOT SAY THIS.
STRONGLY ENOUGH, I AM THE FIRSTS
IN AD MIN STRITTOR THIS DOESN'T
HAVE A MEMORY OF WHERE THEY WERE
WHEN NEIL ARMSTRONG AND BUZZ
ALDRIN LANDED ON THE MOON.
I DON'T HAVE THAT MEMORY.
I WASN'T THERE.
WAY WASN'T THERE WHEN THE LAST
ASTRONAUT THAT WAS ON THE
SURFACE OF THE MOON.
WE HAVEAR N OPPORTUNITY HERE AS
THE ARTEMIS GENERATION TO RESET
THE STAN DARTS THE DN STARRED
NEEDS TO BE NOT ONLY A PERMANENT
HUMAN PRESENCE IN LOW EARTH
ORBIT BUT A HUMAN PRESENCE ON
AROUND THE MOON AND WE NEED A
HUMAN PRESENCE GOING ALL THE WAY
TO MARS THAT IS OBJECTIVE.
THIS GENERATION, THE ARTEMIS
GENERATION NEEDS TO STEP UP UP O
THE PLATE AND DEMAND IT THIS
TIME WHEN WE GO THOUGH MOON AND
MARS WE ARE GOING WITH A DIVERSE
HIGHLY QUALIFIED ASTRONAUT CORE
THAN YOU INCLUDES WOMEN AND WE
ARE GOING UNDER THE NAME OF THE
TWIN SISTER OF APOLLO, HER NAME
IS A THE MISS AND SHE WAS THE
GODDESS OF THE MOON THANK SO YOU
MUCH FOR BEING INTERESTED IN
1829
00:58:52,929
NASA. THANK YOU
