#  
#

ANOTHER LEVEL  
OF REALITY

Letters to a  
Future Human Being

From

A Human Being

This is the nature of the universe.

This is the nature of humanity.

This is a revolution of understanding.

The Story of Everything Press

**Copyright 2016 By  
Larry Good  
(A Human Being)**

**SMASHWORDS EDITION**

**Smashwords Edition License Notes**

This ebook is licensed for your personal enjoyment only. This ebook may not be re-sold or given away to other people. If you would like to share this book with another person, please purchase an additional copy for each recipient. If you're reading this book and did not purchase it, or it was not purchased for your use only, then please return to Smashwords.com and purchase your own copy. Thank you for respecting the hard work of this author.

#

Cover Designer: Todd Hebertson

eBook editions by eBooks By Barb  
for booknook.biz

#

THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO

EVERY

FUTURE HUMAN BEING

TO YOU

A spectacular future is possible.

A spectacular future is inevitable.

A spectacular future is fundamental.

There's another level of reality

Just below the one of atomic particles.

It's their infrastructure.

It's your infrastructure.

The electron is not an elementary particle.

And neither is a particle of light.

There's only one elementary particle

And Science doesn't know about it———

Yet!

It makes all the difference——

And all the sameness.

# CONTENTS

Title Page

Dedication

Preface

1... Why Particles?

2... Newness and Creativity

3... Understanding Human Beings

4... Thinking About Motion

5... Motivated Order

6... Vast Abilities

7... The Wonder and the Value

8... The Motion of Togetherness

9... The Name of the Use of This Motion

10... Beautiful Ease

11... Fairly Easy

12... Thinking Fundamentally

13... What's Happening?

14... 6 States of Matter

15... The New Atom

16... From Static Structure to Never

17... The Sequence of the Possible

18... The Creation of Individuals

19... The Principles of Meaningful Being

20... Insights of Understanding

21... Right Before Your Eyes

22... A Mixture of Impossibilities

23... Readymade Clues to Light

24... Light Matter

25... Lost Centuries

26... The Up Color

27... Inside Fire

28... The Revolution of Heat

29... At Last, It's Time to Know!

30... Unknown Showers

31... Incomparable Residence

32... All the Down Work

33... The Simplest of Ideas

34... Painless Gravity

35... Meet Magnetism

36... A Monument to the Universe

37... Spectacular Contributions

38... Active Memory

39... Connected Color

40... Tears and Sweat

41... A Special Case of Combination

42... Comparative Explanations

43... A Different History of Humanity

44... A New Effort

45... The Tiny Accelerations of Time

46... A Scientific Clash

47... Grasping Usefulness

48... Medium of Understanding

49... Stars and People

50... Your Personal Conclusions

51... The Novelty of Light

52... The Novelty of Heat

53... A Perfect Opportunity

54... Normal Continuing Variations

55... Fundamental Wondering

56... The Spirit of Galileo

57... The Best Universe Possible

PostScript

References

# PREFACE

There's ANOTHER LEVEL OF REALITY beyond the one already known. It's easy to discover. It's also easy to understand. And that's where the answers are.

This is the beginning of a Revolution in the Understanding of both Humanity and the Universe.

We are both.

The next level of reality, just discovered and just below the one already known, is _the fundamental particles of all matter_ which are spinning at the speed of light. With this spinning motion, these fundamental particles form or recombine all of the particles already known to humanity: electrons, protons, neutrons, all of the particles formed temporarily in particle accelerators, and all particles of light. The universe consists only of particles and their motion. With this spinning motion, the three fundamental processes of these fundamental particles unendingly continue to create the universe including human beings and what living creatures do.

The first step is _particle formation_ by the recombination process—which is the particle formation process of the universe—now unknown to Science. Particle formation is possible because of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles. They have a recombining ability. The universe and human beings are possible because of this ability. Both are made of particles. As mentioned above, this fundamental process also recombines electrons and particles of light now stated to be elementary particles by Science. This fundamental and absolutely necessary process is a revolutionary advance in understanding—certainly the most significant ever for human beings. It leads to the other two fundamental processes of the universe. And—of absolutely profound importance— _the particle formation process is also the motion storage process of the_ universe. This additional characteristic makes possible the continuity of all developed order—such as you and I and all the stars and galaxies. It also makes possible the other two processes.

The second fundamental process is the disintegration process. All particles which are recombined of the fundamental particles immediately begin to disintegrate by an obvious dynamic necessity. But this necessity is also of great practical usefulness to the universe: _It is endlessly useful because these spinning disintegrated particles continuously make available all of the motion needed by the universe for all of its activities._ This is a motion-releasing process. This is why motion storage by the first process is so important. It's obviously impossible to overestimate the significance of this process.

The third fundamental process is the acceleration process, in which the spinning motion stored by the first process and released by the second process is imparted by the third process to produce results—such as the form of a human being, the motion of a human being, the motion of gravitation, and the motion imparted to particles of light during the acceleration of light.

The product of these three processes is the universe—including the most important product of all: Humanity.

Because the fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, are now unknown to Science, and do not occur in any official concepts at this time, almost all of the concepts of chemistry and physics can be clarified by this new explanation. The results will be far greater understanding and additional meaningful scientific advances.

Welcome to The Newest Scientific Revolution—The Revolution of Understanding!

#

1   Why Particles?

Dear Human Being,

A good place to start is a very basic and simple question: Why is the universe is made of particles? I am asking you to wonder why.

This question could also be asked: Why is the universe made of spinning particles? Or, Why is the universe made of infinitesimally small spinning particles?

The first simple practical answer is that only spinning particles can store motion. When they spin, they retain motion that has the ability to do things. (This is a basic reason that you are able to exist.) Larger particles that are recombined of smaller spinning particles are thus equally able to store motion in their interiors so that it is available to do something. _And this is the only way that anything gets done!_ Also, if the fundamental particles are infinitesimally small, and they are, then they can distribute motion completely through being—providing enough flexibility to permit incredible possibilities. This is the reason for the extreme versatility of motion of a human being. The rate of this spin—what we call the speed of light—supports these possibilities even more by unquestionably including enough motion to realize them.

The universe is also made of spinning particles because spinning fundamental particles have the ability to recombine larger particles, and therefore to store the motion for a capable universe. Always remember this fundamental principle: _Nothing can stay together unless motion is holding it together._ We know the fundamental particles have the ability to recombine larger particles because we see the instantaneous recombination of temporary particles in particle accelerators. We also notice electrons significantly gaining mass in these environments. Ask yourself: Where do these new particles come from, and how? And what is the only way that an electron, or any other particle, can gain mass? (This recombination process also produces new particles of light.) The ability of fundamental particles to recombine is a very special one and is another basic reason that human beings are able to exist. Where would human beings be if there were no particle formation process?

Motion storage by spinning particles makes possible individual particles (including particles of light), atoms, the molecules, bodies of mass, the stars, galaxies, and the human beings. This is the sequence of the universe. These all depend on combination by spinning motion so that spinning particles are released. Motion storage makes possible the imparting of motion—both the steady release of motion and also the explosive release of motion.

There is no other way to make a universe comparable to the one we have—that offers an incredible future as new opportunities offered by the fundamental particles become available. The fundamental particles, with their spinning motion and three fundamental processes, are absolutely necessary to an orderly, able universe. These fundamental particles are identical in size, shape, mass, and rate of spinning motion, making possible the awesome order observed and contributing to creativity, versatility, and efficiency. Order can come only from order.

These are the reasons the universe is made of infinitesimally small spinning particles. You and those you love and the rest of Humanity would not be possible any other way. We are particle beings.

Sincerely yours,  
A Fellow Particle Being

#

2   Newness and Creativity

Dear Human Being,

Where does all the NEWNESS come from—the NEWNESS such as continuously NEW light, the continuing NEW motion of all orbits in galaxies, and the continuously NEW independent motion of human beings?

The creativity of the universe is CONTINUOUS. The continuous appearance of light is a pleasantly ready example. Light is uninterruptedly NEW. Light is continuously made new and accelerated ANEW all over the Earth and all over the universe. But light is just one especially significant example of NEWNESS. Other particles such as electrons are also endlessly being created, as are molecules, bodies of mass, planets, stars, galaxies, and life in all of its forms. The universe was created, continues to be created, and at the same time is always infinitely creative.

How?

As first explained in _Letters to a Human Being_ , the creative sequence of the universe is embodied in the three fundamental processes of the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light. They are THE PROCESSES OF NEWNESS. These processes and the fundamental particles are the explanation of the creativity of the universe. Current Science with its current concepts, which incorrectly state that the electron is an elementary or fundamental particle, cannot explain the creativity so obvious in the universe and especially on Earth. The reason is that the fundamental processes of reality are missing in Current Science. The fundamental particles with their spinning motion at the speed of light are unknown. This spinning motion necessitates continuing newness. Every fraction of every spin is an element of newness. Without a particle formation process which is also a motion storage process, followed by the other two fundamental processes, Current Science cannot explain the occurrence of the universe and its activities. But this occurrence and activation CAN now be understood by anyone. The profound importance of creative motion to the universe can now be understood.

What is so important about these ideas is that human beings have wondered for many thousands of years about the origin of the Earth—and themselves. Many religions and philosophers have expressed various theories and explanations.

The spinning fundamental particles with their three fundamental processes provide a much greater understanding of what happened, what is happening, and what is going to happen! Spinning motion is ever new. Consequently the universe is never the same, one second to the next. No combined form is.

The fundamental particles are the reason for the continuing NEWNESS of the universe—including the continuing newness of each person.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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3   Understanding Human Beings

Dear Human Being,

Scientists have not made it possible for human beings to understand what a human being is because they have never been able to explain the source of the motion of human beings—including the motion that forms them. It's impossible to explain how a human being works without knowing where all the motion comes from, and scientists for centuries have not sufficiently recognized the importance of motion to existence, and therefore its source has been left undiscovered and undescribed until now.

Recognizing the significance of motion, however, immediately suggests the importance of the storage of motion. It _requires_ it! And this recognition then immediately implies the necessity of a way to _release_ motion so that it can be _used_. The discoveries of the recombination process of electrons—until now considered by Science to be elementary particles—and the process of electron proximity disintegration to release the stored motion of electrons, along with the acceleration process that this release then allows, make it possible to understand the motion of human beings for the first time.

The recombination process stores motion. The disintegration process releases it. The acceleration process allows it to be used.

The same is true for an understanding of all other organisms. No concepts are more important to understanding Life and everything else than the storage of motion followed by its release and use.

Of course the incredibly profound importance of motion itself has to be recognized first. That recognition, hopefully, will now begin.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

4   Thinking about Motion

Dear Human Being,

Think for a few moments or more about the motion of the universe—and especially spinning motion.

Consider the following thirteen different qualities of spinning motion.

First, spinning motion alone can create structure because it can continue to impart motion at specific sites. Therefore structure is able to develop. Linear motion obviously cannot accomplish this. Linear motion goes away. Spinning motion can remain in one place, thereby permitting structure to occur. Motion that instantly goes away—or linear motion—could not possibly allow structure to be formed. It doesn't stay in one place long enough to do so.

Second, spinning motion permits the duration of structure once it is formed. Spinning motion, especially at the speed of light, is motion that continues. Consequently it allows structure to continue or endure. In other words, it allows structure to exist for significant periods of time. By implication, this characteristic also is the one that allows structure to even begin.

Third, spinning motion can be stored, it is the only type of motion that can be stored, and this is the reason that it allows the continuity and existence of structure. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of these facts. Further, a living being requires the storage of motion not only to form and continue structure, but also for the motion of that structure to be available. This motion is the motion of life. We human beings obviously have an awesome versatility of motion! That motion has to be available for us without interruption.

Additionally, because spinning motion can be stored so efficiently, the absolutely immense quantity of motion needed by the entire universe is able to be provided. Linear motion could not even begin to provide the infinite quantity needed to perpetuate the universe from second to second.

Fourth, spinning motion is the only phenomenon or type of motion that can form individual particles. Particles are the fundamental structure. The universe—including living human beings—totally depends on this ability since the universe consists of particles which constitute all larger structures. The universe obviously could not exist without particles and therefore without the existence of this ability. Particles are the direct pathway to the larger structures of the universe. (This ability also leads to a steady and predictable release of motion.)

Fifth, spinning motion is the only phenomenon or type of motion that can form multiple particles—compared to individual particles— and therefore make the nuclei of atoms possible and consequently all larger structures which depend on nuclei to exist. By making the nuclei of atoms possible, it makes atoms possible and the great variety of molecules and molecular structures.

Sixth, and no less importantly, spinning motion is also the only type of motion that can perform an attraction. Think about what the universe would be like if attraction were not possible. This includes gravitation and the formation of atoms and molecules. Only moving spinning particles—particles that move in one direction and impart motion backward to objects they encounter—can provide the motion of attraction.

Seventh, the motion of spinning particles is the only phenomenon that can equally impart both attractive and repulsive motion. This is why both magnetism and electrical charge can both attract and repel. This versatility is especially valuable to the universe.

Eighth, spinning motion can also easily impart _different quantities of motion_ for different activities—if the spinning fundamental particle of all matter is extremely small—and it is. By being small, the spinning fundamental particle can impart both large quantities of motion, as in gravitation, and very small quantities, as in the cell—and quantities in between, depending on the number of fundamental particles involved. This characteristic makes possible both galaxies and single particles of light. It makes possible the movement of a planet and a spider. The cell in a spider can use motion only appropriate to its size.

Ninth, spinning motion can impart both linear motion and spinning motion. It can send particles of light out in straight lines—and also impart spinning motion to each of those particles of light, making frequency possible.

Tenth, spinning particles are the only phenomenon that can accelerate particles of light. _There is no other way to accelerate them_. Therefore only spinning motion can allow light to exist in a second way—not only by the formation of its particles but also by the linear motion they receive. Think of the contribution that light makes to Humanity. That contribution is immediate invaluable knowledge!

Eleventh, therefore only spinning motion can explain the uniform universal speed of light. If only spinning particles can accelerate light, then these spinning particles must be spinning at the speed that light is measured. For the first time, the origin of and reason for the speed of light can be understood.

Twelfth, spinning motion alone can perform the inner activities of cells. Vital and varied activities do occur inside cells, and since the interior dimensions of cells are so limited, linear motion cannot function with efficiency. Nor is there a way to provide it since linear motion cannot be stored. Also, spinning fundamental particles are directionally versatile. Spinning particles can act or impart motion in a number of places around themselves. Linear motion cannot.

And thirteenth, only spinning fundamental particles can explain the acceleration of particles of light in all directions so that an object can be viewed in its entirety instantaneously and simultaneously by thousands of spectators. When particles of light strike the electrons of an object and instantly disintegrate so that new particles of light can be recombined and accelerated for vision to occur, their disintegration leaves their constituent fundamental particles already spinning in all directions. The resulting acceleration of newly recombined particles of light in all directions thus permits universal vision to occur around one site. Linear motion could not possibly provide this saturation of direction. This ability permits communal human understanding and interaction. It allows human beings to do things together.

These qualities are why spinning motion is infinitely important to the universe. _Notice that every one of these thirteen characteristics of spinning motion is necessary for the universe with its human population to occur!_ It is the _constructive_ _agent_ of the universe. These qualities are also why spinning motion is the _activating_ _phenomenon_ of the universe. And they are also why and how spinning motion is the _animating_ _phenomenon_ of life. With the other characteristics of the fundamental particles of the universe, such as their shape and mass, this spinning motion is the _creativity of the universe_.

Motion is the central fact of existence. It is the central fact of the universe and of all life in the universe. Think about the motion of life that you observe and about the presence of motion in all the life that you know. Think about the importance of motion to the larger bodies of the universe. Motion is the most important phenomenon to understanding the universe and the life within it. And understanding the importance of motion unquestionably depends on realizing the significance of _spinning_ _motion_.

The entire universe is a function of spinning motion—that of the fundamental particles, which are all spinning at just one speed which is the speed of light. Their spinning motion is _the source of the speed of light_ , which is why light is omnipresent in the universe. To be present, light has to be accelerated first. Not recognizing the intimate relationship between the universe and spinning motion is the reason that both Newton and Einstein failed to understand the nature of gravitation, and is also the reason that both Faraday and Maxwell failed to understand the nature of magnetism and electrical charge and the relevance of the speed of light to both. It is equally why Maxwell, who became famous for his theory of light, was unable to understand the nature of light, its acceleration, and the reason for the speed of light. The only phenomenon in the universe that can attract is a moving spinning particle, and this requirement is conspicuously necessary in gravitation, magnetism, and electrical charge. The failure to recognize this relationship is also the reason that atoms and molecules have not been correctly understood. They both depend upon the attractive—and the repulsive—spinning motion of the fundamental particles. Further, both the nuclei of atoms and individual particles are formed by a recombination process of the fundamental particles which is a function of their spinning motion and their mass and shape and size. The mechanism of the acceleration of light additionally was never understood before because the importance of spinning motion to the universe was not perceived.

Understanding, itself, is a marvelous sequence of motion consisting of both spinning and linear motion—but mostly spinning components.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

5   Motivated Order

Dear Human Being,

You especially are an example of motivated order. You especially are an example of _order that has its own motion_. This is a new idea. It is an idea that is necessary to explain the universe.

The fundamental particles constitute the fundamental order of the universe. They are identical in size, shape, and mass. And quite significantly, they have their own motion. (This is an understanding, of the greatest possible importance—that Science has obviously missed.) This is what I mean by motivated order: These particles, because of their own motion and quantity, spontaneously and continuously seek new discoveries of order. Some of what they discover can significantly endure, and some cannot. Those that can endure, do. An example of discovered order than cannot endure is the newly recombined particles in particle accelerators that instantaneously disintegrate. An example of discovered order that can significantly endure is the universe that we observe. This is how the universe and especially human beings came into existence. With their abilities, the fundamental particles keep trying. _They have discovering motion_. Their format for discovering is particle formation, disintegration, and acceleration. They repeatedly automatically discover how to recombine and accelerate particles of light, and every second of your life you are the beneficiary of this discovery.

And human beings have inherited this tendency. Human beings are continuously attempting to use their discovering ability to seek, develop, and enhance. It's not difficult to find examples among the inventions of mankind: electric light, automobiles, atomic power, telephones, television. One can easily also see this phenomenon of motivated order continuing in unceasing current innovation, as in modern handheld devices. Human beings are themselves the most developed creation of the fundamental particles, and they conspicuously demonstrate their fundamental characteristic of discovery.

It is noteworthy that the fundamental particles discover without understanding. They simply have the requisite abilities. And human beings so far have extended the discovery sequence of the fundamental particles, too, without even knowing of their existence. What is especially significant now, however, is that, for the first time in their history, human beings can know, as revealed in these Letters, about the fundamental particles and can use their innovative possibilities consciously. Human beings are now aware of motivated order and can purposely incorporate it into the future! This is a basis for practically unlimited optimism! The fundamental particles have provided you with the imagination to consider what that might mean for Humanity.

To repeat what I said at the very beginning: being introduced is a totally new level of reality, below the one of atomic particles and completely unknown to Science. Electrons and particles of light are now stated by Science to be elementary or fundamental particles, irreducible, and additionally—according to Modern Science—there are 15 other elementary particles. And the number of elementary particles listed by Science does not include the real one! Not one of these claimed 17 elementary particles, however, is elementary or fundamental. In reality there is only one: the fundamental particle which has its own motion and explains particle formation and the speed of light and everything else, including Humanity, by a totally new rationale.

This is one of the most exciting times ever for knowledge! This excitement celebrates the opportunities of motivated order!

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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6   Vast Abilities

Dear Human Being,

It is appropriate to mention that the discovery of the fundamental particles, which are spinning at the speed of light, and especially their recombination process, introduce a new and profoundly relevant insight into the extremely mechanical nature of the universe. First, imagine how mechanical is every particle of which all human beings and everything else are made. Electrons, protons, and neutrons, which constitute all human beings and everything else with the exception of light, heat, electrical charge, magnetism, and gravity, are composed of innumerable smaller particles spinning at a uniform rate of speed. Just one of these electrons, protons, or neutrons is a composite mechanical marvel!

Second, the fact that particles of light are also recombined by the recombination process, exactly like electrons, protons, and neutrons, and other temporary particles, indicates that light also is completely mechanical. Light is not pure energy as Modern Science states. These facts help to demonstrate that the only immaterial phenomenon in the universe is motion—which cannot exist apart from matter. Particles of light are simply the beginning of the sequence of the universe's recombined particles unified by the recombination process and the fundamental particles. The fact that particles of light are accelerated by spinning particles in a totally mechanical process only strengthens the idea of light as mechanical.

Third, electrical charge, magnetism, heat, and gravity are all also mechanical activities of the same fundamental particles, adding additional confirmation to the idea that the universe is totally mechanical.

And fourth, the accompanying practical rationale that all life processes receive their motion from the fundamental particles by the acceleration process following the disintegration process, usually operating in conjunction with oxidation, is another powerful enhancement to the understanding that all of the processes in the universe are mechanical. Life processes are remarkably versatile mechanical processes of the fundamental particles.

But think. The universe is not necessarily less because it is thus completely mechanical. Consider the incomparable quality of the functioning of a human being and other forms of life. In fact, it is arguable that the mechanical basis of the universe offers spectacular opportunities not available otherwise. In addition to the definitely possible eradication of disease, the continuing extension of human life with additional discoveries by human beings of the already demonstrated vast abilities of the fundamental particles is unquestionably a basis for spectacular optimism.

As an individual human being, focus your imagination on what these abilities might additionally contribute to humanity in the future. These fundamental particles have just been discovered. Imagine the future as the specific abilities of these particles are rigorously applied for the betterment of all human beings.

Incidentally, a few hundred years ago the idea of a mechanical universe was important in the scientific community, especially in Europe. However, it slowly began to recede, as certain other concepts began to achieve more and more acceptance. For example, in the early 1800's light began to be described more and more as a wave, and light as a wave cannot be explained mechanically. In the same century, a hypothetical phenomenon known as the ether began to be advanced more and more, especially with the introduction of Maxwell's theory that light is a perpendicular combination of electrical and magnetic waves advancing through this imaginary medium called the ether. Then at the beginning of the twentieth century Einstein's concept that matter and energy are identical as incorporated in the equation, E = mc2 rather quickly became accepted, diminishing even farther the idea of a mechanical explanation of matter and energy. As the twentieth century continued, proponents of the quantum theory, such as Bohr, began to suggest that causality has to be abandoned in Science. However, we are recovering from these distractions. Light is not a wave, there is no ether, and the energy in matter is simply the spinning motion of the fundamental particles at the speed of light. Mass and energy are completely separate phenomena, although accompanying each other physically in mechanical combinations. As for causality, no new event can occur unless motion is imparted, and the quantity of motion received in that transaction is exactly equal to the quantity of motion imparted. The idea of the mechanical universe has returned forever—inexorably and irrevocably.

One of the great historic milestones of Humanity will be the ultimate acceptance of the truth that the universe and human beings are completely—but wondrously—mechanical.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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7   The Wonder and the Value

Dear Human Being,

The universe is a new and intimate dimension in mechanics for all human beings, which are the most important part of it. The universe gives us by far the best example of successful mechanics ever. It is also the largest possible example.

It shows you that the way to have a universe is to create it with unlimited quantities of the smallest possible particle. At the same time it tells you that to create the universe, the creating particle must have its own motion and therefore this motion must be spinning. Additionally, it informs you that the rate of this spinning motion must be significant in order to be efficient and also to be able to perpetuate created objects. For example, the rate must be great for light to be swift and therefore for information to travel fast enough to permit quality information and for the particles of light to appropriately last. The dependence on motion in the universe is so vast that the quantity of motion must be dazzlingly infinite.

We realize by the example of the universe that the way to create a universe is by means of particles—particles of different sizes that can be recombined of the original particles by their original motion. The universe is then in a perfect position to extend itself to infinity.

We then realize that the universe is able to recombine particles of light of many sizes and to accelerate them with the vast spinning motion of the original or fundamental particles. These particles of light are the beginning of the structure of the universe.

The example of the universe then demonstrates the value of recombining even larger particles to awesomely extend the adventure of structure. Using the same method of recombination, the universe recombines electrons, protons, and neutrons. In an impressive demonstration of simplicity, it then brings together, by the same recombination process, protons and neutrons to form extraordinarily significant new multiple particles called nuclei. Because all particles combined by spinning motion automatically disintegrate in accordance with their inherent structures, the nuclei send out repeating patterns of spinning particles that also have the ability to accelerate because of their spinning motion.

This disintegration process then enables the nuclei to form atoms by accelerating electrons, both toward themselves and laterally. The electrons help because they are also disintegrating and therefore necessitate distance between themselves, adding another dimension of structure to the atoms.

Because many of the disintegrated particles of nuclei continue past their original atoms, other atoms can be attracted by spinning motion into molecules, and even others can impart the motion of interior gravitation inside bodies of mass, and then impart the motion of exterior gravitation past the boundaries of the bodies of mass in which they originate. The disintegrations of electrons at the same time continue to contribute to structure by the spinning motions of their disintegrated particles.

Larger bodies of mass are formed by this spinning motion, some as large as planets and many even larger.

When bodies of mass as large as stars are formed, their protons, electrons, and neutrons continue to disintegrate throughout the bodies of these stars, so that collections of the fundamental particles tend to concentrate at the centers of these bodies as well as throughout these assemblies of matter to a lesser extent. Their spinning motion, thus randomly located, is the explanation of the heat of stars. These accumulations of fundamental particles, possessing the ability to recombine and accelerate particles, do so causing light to emerge from stars in every direction at the same speed that the fundamental particles are spinning. This is why stars are part of our existence. This is why we notice the sky at night. This is why we notice the sun.

Solar systems are thus possible, and the universe embarks on another especially exciting adventure. Whereas so far it has explored the possibilities of size and especially large size, it now begins to explore the possibilities of complexity and especially small size. The light from a star can now reach a smaller body of mass that is encircling it, such as a planet, and those particles of light when they strike the planet instantly disintegrate into heat, which is, as stated, the spinning motion of the fundamental particles when they are independent and random.

These independent and random particles, using the recombination, acceleration, and disintegration processes which they possess, try every possibility of small structure, and those that are possible continue, perhaps to be even further developed by continuing trials. By this method life appears, using intricacy to become extraordinarily sophisticated. Vision, independent motion, intelligence, and many other abilities are added. The greatest achievement in the universe, Humanity, becomes a stunning reality.

From one small spinning particle, in great abundance, the universe has come this far. And it has much farther to go, because now Humanity, with its intelligence, is able to make its own discoveries of the additional unexpected and surprising capabilities of the fundamental particles.

Every human being is a proof of the wonder and the value of mechanics—and of the universe—and of the truth of what motion can achieve.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

8   The Motion of Togetherness

Dear Human Being,

The universe depends completely on attraction in a variety of ways to be meaningful. Here are the different examples of attraction and how they are explained. Other words that imply attraction are: combination, togetherness, composition, adherence, formation, integration, and gravitation, and also the phrases: coming together, made of, joined to, and motion toward.

  1. Particles of light. Modern Science considers light to be both a wave and a particle. When construed as a particle by Modern Science, the photon is stated to be an elementary or fundamental particle. When construed to be a particle following the discovery of the fundamental particles introduced in these Letters, however, a photon is a recombined particle—not elementary or fundamental. It is held together by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, which are spinning at the speed of light. This is a recombination process. Its composition reveals how particles of light can be accelerated because the recombining and accelerating motion are the same—fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light.

Modern Science erroneously includes the possibility that a photon may be a virtual particle. A virtual particle is a hypothetical massless particle allowed by uncertainties in mathematical calculations and used for explanations in modern scientific theory. The Wikipedia article, "Photon," states that a photon is "the force carrier for the electromagnetic force, even when static via virtual photons." This is a large claim which is not sustainable and ultimately is not respectful to human intelligence. The concept, which employs the fiction of mathematically originated particles, leads to the insurmountable physical problem of how physical motion toward can lead to physical motion in reverse, or attraction without the spinning motion of particles, which is not possible—apart from the fact that virtual particles do not have a physical basis in the first place. It also eliminates the inherent explanation of the origin of the speed of light, not only in light but also in heat, electrical charge and magnetism. At the same time, it eliminates the obvious explanation of the acceleration process inherent in these and especially for particles of light.

  2. The electron. Modern Science considers an electron to be an elementary or fundamental particle. When construed according to the discovery of the fundamental particles, however, the electron is a recombined particle, not fundamental. It is held together by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, which are spinning at the speed of light. This is a recombination process. Its composition of fundamental particles reveals how light can come from electrons. Its composition of spinning fundamental particles reveals how electric charge can come from electrons and also discloses the nature of electric charge. Its composition of spinning fundamental particles indicates the nature of magnetism and the source of the motion of life.
  3. The proton. Modern Science considers a proton to be a particle made of three other particles called quarks, which are said to be held together by gluons (of which there are said to be eight types.) This imagined adherence is said to occur because gluons are exchange particles. These gluons are also construed to be virtual particles. However, there are huge problems with this explanation. First, the source of the motion of togetherness, which all adherence or combination or attraction must demonstrate, is never mentioned or explained. To exchange, exchange particles must move toward each other, even within a proton. But no explanation whatsoever of the source of this motion is provided. Energy is mentioned—but not motion and no mechanism of attraction. (And one has to ask, How could there be this linear motion within a particle as dense as a proton, and how is it guided or controlled?) These gluons are said to just move without an explanation of how. The sudden presence of this unexplained motion in a proton is magical, a fiction. No motion is said to be imparted. Real motion is needed to hold the proton together and to explain it understandably as a combined particle. But no such real motion has ever been explained by Modern Science. It is explained here in these Letters by the discovery of the fundamental particles, with their lightspeed spinning motion which does have the ability to recombine, as demonstrated by the increase in mass of electrons in particle accelerators. But these fundamental spinning particles are far different from gluons. This is just the first insurmountable problem. The second is even more forbidding: There is no explanation of how the idea of exchange particles in protons can lead to attraction. This phenomenon is said to derive from mathematics, and is a second fiction in this rationale. Without spinning motion, motion _toward_ cannot lead to motion _backward_ , which is exactly what Modern Science is claiming for exchange particles. Gluons as exchange particles are also stated by Modern Science to be massless, leading to the additional unsolvable difficulties of conceiving them to possess any useful motion inside a proton in the first place. One can ask," How could a massless particle possibly move?"(See the Wikipedia article, "Strong Interaction.)

Unfortunately, too, quarks, are said to possess a characteristic called color confinement, which means they can never be observed directly. This disadvantage considerably weakens the already unsatisfactory rationale by which these hypothetical particles are said to exist. This inability is a little too convenient in the absence of scientific explanation.

At the same time, there's also no explanation of how an electron can in rare cases be joined to a proton at low temperatures. (See the Wikipedia article on the proton.) Incidentally, in reality this phenomenon occurs by the recombination process of the fundamental particles, in the same way that protons are added to neutrons to form the atomic nucleus.

  4. The neutron. The rationale in Current Science for a neutron is essentially the same as for the proton. It is said to be held together by exchange particles which are massless, or virtual, gluons which are not explained or conceptualized in terms of motion, toward or attractive. Spinning motion is never mentioned and is not construed to contribute to attraction. The attraction is an accident of mathematics. The neutron is said to consist of two down quarks and one up quark, instead of two up quarks and one down quark, like the claim for the proton. Another significant difference in this consideration of combination, however, is that the neutron, when free, spontaneously disintegrates, whereas the free proton does not. This is relevant, because dis _integration_ is the opposite of combination. Modern Science does not seem to have an explanation for this huge difference, which indicates a significant absence of understanding. It is also reasonable to suggest that any such explanation by Modern Science, if it existed, would probably be mathematical and not actual.
  5. The atomic nucleus. Modern Science also claims that protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei are held together by exchanging gluons, the same massless virtual particles that are said to hold protons and neutrons together. The same two problems exist: there's no explanation of how gluons can or do acquire the motion to originally move forward in the exchange process, and there does not exist a convincing explanation of how motion _toward_ can lead to motion backward, or attraction. Spinning motion is not mentioned or intended. Further, this rationale does not explain the huge quantity of energy in the atomic nucleus, exactly how light and heat can come from atomic nuclei in an atomic blast, or how gravitation can emerge from atomic nuclei, including in a way that relates gravitation to light, heat, and the storage of motion—since only spinning motion can be stored and motion cannot be created or destroyed. Immense quantities of motion emerge from the atomic nucleus as indicated by nuclear technology such as nuclear weapons and propulsion, and how this immense quantity of motion can so exist needs to be explained.
  6. The atom. The interactions between electrons and protons are termed "electromagnetic" by Modern Science, which means that scientists attribute the characteristics of the phenomena of electrical charge and magnetism to photons (light is regularly termed "electromagnetic"). The inability of Science to explain the attractive ability of photons, upon which the structure of the atom is claimed to be based, has already been explained. Photons simply do not possess an attractive ability, and mathematics cannot give it to them. The attractions forming atoms are provided by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles. Only spinning motion is attractive.
  7. The molecule. The attractions between collections of atoms into larger units are similarly now explained by Science as those between electrons and protons—or as the effects of the activities of photons. As with the atom, this explanation is unable to describe the fundamental nature of the attractions involved. No molecule has ever been held together by photons.
  8. Gravitation. Incredibly—no, notoriously—this omni­present phenomenon of the universe is now not even described as an attraction by Modern Science. It is "explained" as a result of a curvature of empty space. However, the origin or source of the motion of gravitated objects toward larger gravitating bodies is never explained, and motion cannot be created. This devastating failure is unacceptable. Relevant processes do not exist for this rationale. But they do for the correct rationale emerging from the spinning motion of fundamental particles.

Modern Science includes all of these different types of explanations of attraction, even to the extent of inventing "virtual" particles—particles that do not even exist—to substitute for a failure to understand. Do imaginary or mathematical particles satisfy you as a way to explain the reality that definitely includes you? Does the use of imaginary particles by Modern Science to explain attraction inspire confidence in its other explanations of attraction? Does the idea of curving empty space to elucidate gravitation contribute to your understanding of this phenomenon that produces a physical effect on you 100 percent of your life? Does it elucidate in any respect whatsoever? Does this entire conglomeration of rationales by Modern Science to explain attraction satisfy you?

In not even one instance has Modern or Past Science ever understood or satisfactorily explained attraction, from particle formation to actual gravitation. If just one example had ever been correctly understood, this discussion would not have been necessary. The opposite is now true, however. Humanity has now reached a historic understanding. The fundamental particles have been discovered. They are able to explain fundamental attraction.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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9   The Name of the Use of This Motion

Dear Human Being,

Recall that the three fundamental processes of the universe all act by acceleration, although only one is named the acceleration process. The reason for different names is to emphasize the conspicuous functions of these three processes: recombination, acceleration, and disintegration. Let's look at the primary acceleration of the recombination process and the disintegration process a little more closely.

Acceleration has two forms: attractive acceleration and repulsive acceleration. At the particle level there is one of each. The recombination process, or fundamental particle formation process of the universe, is actually an attractive acceleration process. All of the fundamental particles of a recombined particle provide attractive motion inward, to maintain the particle. That's what keeps the particle together, and that's what particle formation consists of. In the case of the disintegration process at the particle level, however, the primary acceleration process is repulsive. Fundamental particles are continually accelerated outward from its surface to maintain the dynamics of the entire composite particle. The acceleration of particles of light is also repulsive in an immediate way.

Incidentally, notice that the acceleration process, although it always provides motion to particles, operates at three levels of distance. The first is the one just described—attractive and repulsive motion is applied at essentially no distance to form and dissipate individual particles. The second level is across atoms and molecules. The fundamental particles travel through the space inside and between atoms to create the next level of the universe after individual particles: atomic matter. This application of the acceleration process forms and maintains atoms and molecules. This distance is an intermediate one. The third level is between larger bodies of atomic matter, and in this case the fundamental particles travel from sometimes relatively close to inconceivably great distances to impart their spinning motion.

Notice also that at each level, attractive and repulsive motion occurs. The attractive and repulsive acceleration at the immediate or particle level has just been described above. At the intermediate level, electrons are given attractive motion to remain around the nuclei of atoms. The fundamental particles that disintegrate from electrons, however, provide repulsive motion to other electrons to add sophistication to atomic structure, greatly enlarging the possibilities of different molecules with different abilities. At the third level, that of extended distance, the attractive acceleration is represented by gravity, which forms and maintains large bodies and collections of large bodies in space. An example of repulsive acceleration across extended distance is the heat which emerges from fire and stars and acts to repel. And even a third is the acceleration of the lateral gravitational effect, or the effect of the lateral motion which the fundamental particles of gravitation receive from the turning of the a star or planet, which may help an orbiting body, such as the Earth, to miss the source of the original gravitation as it goes around it.

The universe operates at all levels by acceleration, or by the imparting of motion. It is a huge marvel of perfectly stored and effectively released motion to both attract and repel. It is a phenomenon of creative motion, and the name of the use of this motion is acceleration.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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10   Beautiful Ease

Dear Human Being,

Did it ever occur to you that motion is the only phenomenon in the universe that can do something? It is the only phenomenon in the universe that can act. Therefore motion created you and continues to create you. And you create your life with motion. You are a living creation of motion. The existence of human beings with their abilities is a measure of how creative motion can be when applied in a format like the fundamental particles.

Because nothing can happen without motion, the formula for the measurement of INSTANTANEOUS linear motion or INSTANTANEOUS linear energy is

ILM = mv or E = mv

Motion is the phenomenon of mass traveling through space. This formula is actually an intimate relation between mass, time, and distance, and it actually indicates how much distance you get with the mass involved and the time you have, which is at any infinitely small instant.

_It is important to realize that this formula (or this truth) is the foundation for Newton's expression for force_ ,

F = ma

Force is the addition of extra motion to a body of mass. Acceleration intrinsically relates to the coverage of more distance by mass with more motion. Notice that mass occurs in both of these formulas. We use the concepts of mass, distance, and time to indicate motion.

Accordingly, here are three principles of motion:

  1. Only motion can act.

This principle is the reason for Newton's first law of motion (or Descartes' formulation of inertia). It eliminates the necessity of having two parts to this expression. It is one of the foundations of the universe.

  2. An action or force is the imparting of motion by one body of mass to another.

Newton's second law of motion recognizes that motion is the traveling of mass through space and recognizes the value of using distance with respect to mass and time to indicate the quantity of motion imparted.

  3. The quantity of motion received is exactly equal to the quantity of motion imparted.

This principle is the basis of predictability. It is the basis of causality. It is the basis of the reliability of the behavior of the universe.

Newton's third law of motion suggests that there are two actions or forces to a single imparting of motion, but this is not the case. He suggests there is a counteractive action or force for every action or force, which would render the universe totally static, because each action would be counteracted by an equal and opposite one. Think about it. If this law were true, any action or force would instantly be stopped once begun, because it would instantly be counteracted and stilled at its very beginning or initiation. Consider the very earliest phase of an interaction. The tiniest imparting of motion could not continue. In fact, none could theoretically even be perceptible, because perception itself would also be impossible.

The imparting and reception of motion are two phenomena but just one occurrence. They occur simultaneously. A gain occurs simultaneously with a loss and is obviously equivalent to it. An equal quantity of motion is not imparted both ways during the application of a force as Newton suggests. The transfer or imparting is complex because of the combined structure of matter, and there is some resistant motion in an interaction for that reason, but there is no equal and opposite imparting of motion as Newton's third law indicates. The fluidity of the activity of the universe and of human beings depends on the beautiful ease of imparting motion primarily forward.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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11   Fairly Easy

Dear Human Being,

In the last few hundred years, a principle now called the conservation of energy was recognized. It may be called the first law of thermodynamics and is stated: Energy can never be created or destroyed.

This principle can now be clarified. As explained, the discovery of the fundamental particles, which are spinning at the speed of light, reveals that all of the different forms of energy are simply manifestations of the spinning motion of these particles. For example, these particles reveal why light, electrical charge, and magnetism all travel at the speed of light. They also reveal WHY the energy in mass is intimately related to the speed of light, and additionally HOW these two are related. And so on.

It follows, then, it is true, that the literal reason energy can never be created or destroyed is simply that motion can never be created or destroyed. Existing motion cannot be eliminated, and new motion cannot be originated. Motion can only be imparted and simultaneously received. The quantity of motion in the universe does not vary. It is significant that the law of inertia, mentioned by Descartes and listed by Newton as his first law of motion, has two parts: An object without motion will remain motionless, and an object with motion will remain in motion with the same quantity of motion unless additional motion is imparted to it. Notice that the law of conservation of energy and the principle of inertia exactly mirror each other.

Energy is conserved because motion cannot be destroyed—or created. The significance of the fundamental particles in providing continuing operational motion to the universe clarifies this relationship. The recombination and acceleration of particles of light is an example.

Do you agree that motion can never be created or destroyed? If you do, there is a profoundly important uncomplicated application of this conclusion. It's this. We know that motion can occur at the speed of light. An example is the linear motion of light. Just the phrase, 'the speed of light,' indicates this motion. Now consider: _Because motion cannot be created_ , the motion that light suddenly possesses, when it appears, _had to exist somewhere beforehand_ , before the particles of light received it. The motion of light has to be somewhere before it can suddenly be possessed by light. And since light can come from matter, this preexisting motion had to have been spinning, since linear motion cannot be stored in matter. This rationale, then, is one indicating by a very simple analysis the existence of the fundamental particles and the reason for the speed of light. The same rationale applies to the phenomenon of electrical charge. The motion that electrons can possess at approximately the speed of light had to be somewhere else before the electrons received it. _Because motion cannot be created_ , only previously existing motion, spinning at the speed of light, can provide the motion at this speed that is exhibited by electrons.

Notice that it is, in fact, fairly easy to prove the existence of the fundamental particles and the reason for the observed speed of light in the universe. A completely new and different explanation of the universe follows.

These Letters are an attempt to provide that explanation. It would eventually have emerged regardless.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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12   Thinking Fundamentally

Dear Human Being,

The first sentence in the Wikipedia article, "Fundamental Interaction," is "Fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces or interactive forces, are the interactions in physical systems that appear not to be reducible to more basic interactions."

Think about the not "reducible" idea.

The second sentence is, "There are four conventionally accepted fundamental interactions—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear, and weak nuclear—each understood as the dynamics of a _field_."

Think about the "accepted" number of these "irreducible" interactions.

Because Science is unaware of the fundamental particles of matter which are spinning at the speed of light, first introduced in _Letters to a Human Being_ , Science could not be expected to relate the most fundamental interactions to the fundamental particles. _The most fundamental interaction in all in the universe is simply the imparting of spinning motion by a fundamental particle._

And to state the obvious, each of the "conventionally accepted fundamental interactions," as listed above, is the direct perceivable result of this imparting of spinning motion by the fundamental particles.

What is called the strong nuclear force or interaction is simply the spinning in unison of the fundamental particles of protons and neutrons at their edges, where these are joined. This force is especially strong because the fundamental particles are concentrated and especially numerous in protons and neutrons, and the fundamental particles are spinning at the speed of light. This is the reason for the strength of the junctions, or for "the strong force." The range is short because a range obviously does not exist at all—unless it is construed to be a negative range, since these protons and neutrons are actually sharing fundamental particles. This interaction or "strong force" is described by Science as being mediated by particles called gluons which have no explained origin—no particle formation—and no explained basis for exerting an attraction. There is no basis to claim their existence except for the need to explain somehow, without true understanding by Science, how protons and neutrons remain together as a nucleus. Gluons in fact do not exist. They are an extra layer of confusion meant to suggest an understanding not present. (The underlying problems in reality are a missing particle formation process and the failure to recognize the fundamental particles.)

The reason, of course, that a helium nucleus possesses less mass than the four particles possess before being joined together, is that afterwards the four particles (two neutrons and two protons) are sharing fundamental particles at their junctions. This is in fact a confirmation of the true nature of a helium nucleus.

The fundamental particles therefore offer a totally new explanation of what is called the strong nuclear force. The shared spinning motion, at the speed of light, of fundamental particles is what holds the protons and neutrons together exceptionally well—efficiently and firmly enough to be called the strong force.

What is called the weak nuclear force is simply the operation of the fundamental recombination, disintegration, and acceleration processes inside nuclei. These three processes are responsible for decay series and nuclear fission. The disintegration process continues to occur inside all nuclei, producing constant change by the acceleration process. The disintegration process is conspicuously a decay phenomenon. The constant addition of spinning motion becomes potentially explosive inside the larger nuclei where disintegrated fundamental particles tend to be delayed from exiting the nuclei. Neutrons do not split nuclei during these reactions. By the recombination process, neutrons fill in the gaps in nuclei, inhibiting the exits of disintegrated fundamental particles and increasing the quantity of motion present. The splitting of atoms is therefore actually by the acceleration process of accumulating motion. The presence of heat is the spinning motion of random fundamental particles released in great quantity. The damage or useable motion attributable to nuclei is accomplished by the acceleration processes of these random particles. Modern Science states that "weak" interactions are mediated by W and Z particles, which are especially large and cumbersome, without clarifying the actual fundamental interactions supposedly being explained. W and Z particles have nothing to do with these decay series or nuclear fission. Their imputed involvement in these phenomena must now be recognized as a fiction by Science: a claim to explain something not understood. W and Z particles are simply some of the many misunderstood results of the recombination process inside particle accelerators. The temporary appearance of these large particles did not in any respect validate a proposed theory—but they do support the existence of the recombination, disintegration, and acceleration processes, and the existence of the fundamental particles. The weak interaction is "weak" because it consists of scattered disintegration processes and their results. The spinning motion of released fundamental particles, depending on the configurations and quantities involved, may have a range of interesting results from minor to catastrophic. And finally, to legitimately explain the "weak" interaction, Science had (has) an obligation to reveal the specific source of the extensive motion necessarily present in nuclei to so interact—and also the specific nature of this extensive motion. These are conspicuously missing because the fundamental particles, so fundamental to nuclei, are currently unknown to Science.

What is called the electromagnetic interaction or force is simply the operation of the disintegration and acceleration processes once electrons and protons have been recombined by the recombination process. When particles are recombined of spinning fundamental particles, they immediately begin to disintegrate. The disintegration process from these two particles, and others with charge such as muons, is in patterns, and the spinning motion of the fundamental particles emitted is especially useful to humanity by the further use of their fundamental processes such as the acceleration process and electron proximity disintegration. Modern Science claims that this interaction is mediated by photons—a woefully incorrect and unacceptable conclusion—while at the same time rejecting the idea that photons have mass and also failing to describe a recombination or acceleration process for them. In fact this failed conclusion is related ultimately to the absence of a particle formation process. Electricity and magnetism are each produced by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, and this is why the speed of light is a feature of both. (See also the Letter, "Meet Magnetism.")

Gravity is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles emitted by the protons of mass and acting on the encountered electrons of mass. Motion is observed to be imparted by gravity, and motion cannot be imparted by a curvature of space, as claimed by Modern Science in the accepted general theory of relativity. Further, the only phenomenon in the universe that can impart attractive motion is particles moving in one direction and spinning in the opposite direction. The spinning motion of the fundamental particles is especially understandable as the agent of gravitation. In addition, gravity emerges from combined particles, which occur because of the recombination process of fundamental particles. There is nothing else within mass to be able to impart the observed motion of gravitation. (Gravitation occurs only when gravity imparts motion. Otherwise the emitted spinning particles continue to travel freely through space.)

These are the four fundamental interactions of the universe—as claimed by Modern Science. Recall that the Wikipedia article about fundamental interactions cited above, states, "Fundamental interactions...appear not to be reducible to more basic interactions." But this is not correct. They can be reduced to "more basic interactions," as just discussed. Each is the direct result of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, which directly constitute the actual mechanisms of these interactions—and which greatly simplify the understanding of them.

But there are far more than four fundamental interactions. A number of them are listed in the next Letter.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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13   What's Happening?

Dear Human Being,

Fundamental mechanisms are of ultimate importance to understanding the universe and Humanity. They are what is actually happening at the subatomic level, and therefore they continuously produce you and continue you and the rest of the universe. Only by knowing about them and thinking about them can you truly begin to know yourself and the universe that you inhabit. Only by knowing about them can you understand what's happening. I'm going to list a number of them below. They will open your eyes and your mind to what you are—to what is happening inside you—and to the exact happenings around you to infinite distances. They are the true fundamental interactions.

Only by knowing about the fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, can these fundamental mechanisms be meaningful to you. The reason is that it's not possible to have a fundamental interaction without the fundamental particles and especially their motion.

Notice that _each one_ of them affects you personally. Compare them to the four fundamental interactions now listed by Science.

SPECIFIC FUNDAMENTAL MECHANISMS

  * The mechanism of the formation of particles of light. (This is the recombination process of the fundamental particles of the universe. It begins the sequence of permitting you and other creatures to see. It begins the entire sequence of particle formation and therefore of the ordered universe.)
  * The mechanism of the acceleration of particles of light. (This is the repulsive acceleration process. It is a completely simple result of spinning particles. It is the second step of the sequence that permits you and other creatures to see. )
  * The mechanism of the formation of the particles of mass in all of the atoms of the universe—such as protons, neutrons, nuclei, and electrons. (This is the recombination process. It can be easily understood as a result of spinning particles. It is a foundation of being. It is one of the foundations of the order of the universe.)
  * The mechanism of the increase in mass of electrons accelerated in particle accelerators. (This is the recombination process. It contributes importantly to the understanding of particle formation.)
  * The mechanism of the storage of motion in the universe. (This is the recombination process. It helps you to move and to be by insuring that motion is available for your activities. It provides a profound contribution to the establishment of the universe. It is especially directly connected to all life.)
  * The mechanism of the release of motion stored by particle formation so that it can be used in the universe. (This is the disintegration process. It helps you to move and to be. It provides a profound contribution to the establishment of the universe. It is especially directly connected to all life. In fact there are several variations of this process.)
  * The mechanism of the acceleration of electrons by electrical charge, such as in the flow of electricity. (This is the repulsive acceleration process. It helps Humanity, including you, to live—in many ways.)
  * The mechanism of the release of the fundamental particles whose spinning motion provides the acceleration of gravitation. (This is the disintegration process. It is part of the order of the universe.)
  * The mechanism of the acceleration of gravitation. (This is the attractive acceleration process. It allows Humanity, including you, to exist by remaining on a planet. It contributes profoundly to the order of the universe.)
  * The mechanism of the disintegration of a free neutron. (This is the disintegration process. It helps you to understand the recombination and disintegration processes.)
  * The mechanism of the acceleration of particles away from the disintegration of a free neutron. (This is the repulsive acceleration process.)
  * The mechanism of the acceleration of particles, including particles of light, away from radioactive nuclei. (This is the repulsive acceleration process.)
  * The specific mechanism of the production of heat in stars. (This is the disintegration process. It permits the heat and light of stars and therefore the life on planets.)
  * The specific mechanism of the production of the heat inside planets, that also results in volcanism. (This is the disintegration process.)
  * The exact mechanism that releases heat from light. (This is the disintegration process, and specifically can be called impact disintegration. It permits human beings to be warm enough to stay alive on the Earth and therefore permits the existence of Humanity and other life.)
  * The mechanism that produces heat in radioactivity. (This is the disintegration process.)
  * The mechanism of the production of heat in organisms. (This is the disintegration process, and specifically it can be called electron proximity disintegration. It permits life to stay warm and to have the flexibility to function. It therefore permits the existence of life.)
  * The mechanism of acceleration by heat, or by the spinning motion of independent fundamental particles that have become random. This is the profoundly important heat from exterior sources, such as from fire and the sun.
  * The sequence of mechanisms that split the water molecule in photosynthesis. (This is the impact disintegration of particles of light followed instantly by the repulsive acceleration process. It helps human beings and other creatures to have oxygen and to have food to eat. It therefore permits the existence of life.)
  * The exact sequence of mechanisms in oxidation that provides the motion for the activities of the cell. (This is the attractive acceleration process followed instantly by electron proximity disintegration. The released motion then operates the cell by the repulsive acceleration process. You are your cells and their motion. It therefore permits the functioning and the existence of life.)
  * The sequence of mechanisms in oxidation that provides the motion for vehicles. (This is the attractive acceleration process followed instantly by electron proximity disintegration. The released motion then becomes the motion of the vehicle by the repulsive acceleration process. Notice the presence of both the attractive and repulsive forms of the acceleration process.)
  * The mechanism of acceleration in magnetism. (There are two. These are the attractive acceleration process and the repulsive acceleration process. Actually there is even another acceleration, because the spinning fundamental particles of magnetism must be accelerated into space to be there to attract or repulse.)
  * The mechanism of the red shift of light from distant stars and galaxies. (This is the disintegration process and can be used to determine the distances of stars and galaxies.)
  * The mechanism of the blue shift of light from distant galaxies. (This is the recombination process, caused by the effect of the forward motion of the light source on this process.)
  * The mechanism of evaporation. (This is the repulsive acceleration process which occurs when the impact disintegration of particles of light releases random fundamental particles whose spinning motion constitutes heat.)
  * The mechanism of catalysts and enzymes. (This is the sequence of the disintegration process of atoms and molecules, occurring in patterns of fundamental particles, followed by the repulsive acceleration process. This is why catalysts and enzymes are unaffected by their actions. This sequence allows your cells to function efficiently. It contributes to the existence of life.)
  * The exact mechanism that produces heat in fire. (This is the disintegration process or electron proximity disintegration following oxidation in fire. It especially permitted early humanity to survive.)
  * The exact sequence of mechanisms that produce light in fire. (This is the disintegration process or electron proximity disintegration following the acceleration process of oxidation in fire. It permits the recombination and acceleration of particles of light. Mankind survived through long centuries by this sequence.)
  * The exact mechanism that separates atoms and molecules in fire. (This is the repulsive acceleration process, when electron proximity disintegration occurs by oxidation in fire, releasing random fundamental particles, whose spinning motion constitutes heat. This spinning motion obviously can be very destructive.)
  * The specific mechanism of the sudden recombination of briefly formed particles in particle accelerators. (This is the normal recombination process, and this occurrence is especially instructive of its existence.)
  * The specific mechanism of the sudden disintegration of briefly formed particles in particle accelerators. (This is the normal disintegration process, and this occurrence is especially instructive of its existence.)
  * The specific mechanism of the expansion of gases by heat. (This is the repulsive acceleration process. Since heat is the spinning motion of random fundamental particles, it has potent accelerative ability.)
  * The sequence of mechanisms responsible for the kinetic nature of matter. (The normal disintegration process takes place throughout matter. The emitted particles are spinning at the speed of light and so have potent accelerative ability.)
  * The sequence of mechanisms responsible for Brownian motion. (This is the same sequence responsible for the kinetic nature of matter. This phenomenon is instructive of the existence of the fundamental particles and their spinning motion.)
  * The mechanism of the fusion of nuclear particles to release energy. (Forcing nuclear particles into each other constitutes a variety of the recombination process and at the same time institutes a variety of the disintegration process, releasing numbers of now unnecessary fundamental particles which formerly constituted the nuclear particles. These are the ones missing from the helium nucleus. They become random and in quantity are extraordinarily potent.)
  * The mechanism of fission in radioactivity. (Nuclear particles continuously emit fundamental particles by the normal disintegration process. These tend to accumulate especially in the largest nuclei, and their spinning motion may cause the fissioning of these nuclei. Artificially placing neutrons in the gaps of these nuclei will expedite the accumulation of these interiorly emitted fundamental particles which have the ability to divide atoms including explosively because of their potent spinning motion or accelerative ability.)
  * The specific mechanism that produces the motion of boiling water. (This is the repulsive acceleration process of random fundamental particles, whose spinning motion is heat.)
  * The mechanism of the condensation of raindrops and snowflakes. (This is the attractive acceleration process. When heat leaves, its repulsive acceleration process also departs. The attractive acceleration processes of nuclei therefore become more pronounced, contributing to the formation of drops and firmer particles.)
  * The mechanism of resistance in electrical conductivity. (This is the spinning motion of emitted fundamental particles, or heat, which results in an undirected repulsive acceleration process. When these particles are removed, greater conductivity, and what is called superconductivity, can occur.)
  * The sequence of mechanisms leading to the determination of the frequency of light. (Particles of light are given spinning motion by the spinning motion of additional fundamental particles when they are recombined. Larger particles of light, having more surface area, receive more spinning motion. This is an acceleration process. During the linear acceleration process, particles of light also receive more recombined particles in the direction in which they are accelerated. This additional mass, in conjunction with the spinning motion of a particle of light, leads to a measureable frequency and wavelength. The mechanisms involved therefore are two acceleration processes and one recombination process.)

Surprisingly, Modern Science cannot specifically explain the fundamental mechanism or mechanisms of a single phenomenon of nature. The fundamental particles and the origin of the speed of light are unknown, and the three fundamental processes are equally absent from scientific theory. There is no particle formation process to explain the origin and mechanics of atoms and particles of light. There is no motion storage process. There is no motion releasing process. The electron is considered an elementary or fundamental particle, leaving a gigantic hole of non-explanation in the universe around this recombined particle which contributes so much to the activities of nature and Humanity when its motion is released. Particles of light are construed to be of one size only and not constituted of matter. No one is ever told what light actually is. The distance red shift is unknown, and the discovery of the disintegration of particles of light is equally missing. Scientific theory is totally devoid of a correct comprehension of heat. Gravitation is given a forced and totally distorted explanation, when the real one is actually quite simple. Causality is under attack.

Perhaps, using the three fundamental processes of the fundamental particles of the universe, with their spinning motion at the speed of light, you can think of even more specific explanatory mechanisms not included in the main list above. For example, the application of these mechanisms to disease is waiting.

As you can so easily see, these explanations added to Official Science will lead to a new Scientific Revolution, turning Science in a different direction again—this time the correct one.

They WILL lead to a Revolution in Understanding for Humanity, who in the future will understand much better What's Happening!

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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14   6 States of Matter

Dear Human Being,

As you know, Official Science finds only four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. However, the fundamental particles importantly increase our knowledge by revealing two additional states of matter. There are six. The two additional ones are quite easily understood to be separate, unique, and legitimate states of matter.

As explained and described, the recombination process, the first of the three fundamental processes of the universe, recombines fundamental particles into electrons, protons, neutrons, nuclei, and all of the other particles that appear briefly in particle accelerators. However, as also explained and described, the same process additionally recombines fundamental particles into particles of light, which are then accelerated to the speed of light by the spinning motion of surrounding fundamental particles. Consequently, particles of light are another state of matter! _They are a legitimate state of matter separate from atomic matter_. They are additional particles of matter formed exactly as the other ones that we already know about are formed.

In addition, the fundamental particles, when they are uncombined, are also another state of matter! When their spinning motion constitutes gravity, electrical charge, magnetism, and heat, these particles are a legitimate state of matter separate from atomic matter and particles of light. In this state, they manifest the most fundamental state of matter! They are matter in an uncombined form.

Further, the spinning motion of the fundamental particles is the agency by which the other five states of matter occur, by the activity of the recombination process.

Even further, the spinning motion of the fundamental particles (when they are separate and random) is the single phenomenon that can change a solid to a liquid to a gas to a plasma. These changes can occur only by its addition. And conversely, it is the single phenomenon that by its removal is responsible for the changes from a plasma to a gas to a liquid to a solid. This spinning motion is of course heat as newly defined in these Letters.

This explanation represents a unification of the states of matter as well as an enlargement in the number of them.

We are entering a state of fundamental understanding! And it is also reasonable to be in a state of excitement! Who would have predicted the existence of TWO additional states of matter?

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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15   The New Atom

Dear Human Being,

Clearly the discovery of the fundamental particles, which are spinning at the speed of light, and their three fundamental processes, adds new dimensions of understanding to the atom, as follows:

  1. Its electrons, protons, and neutrons are recombined of the fundamental particles and by their spinning motion. Consequently, the electron is unified with the proton and neutron and is identified as not an elementary or fundamental particle, but a recombined one. This is consistent with the fact that something is obviously leaving electrons (and protons) in order to constitute electrical charge.
  2. Electrons, protons, and neutrons, because they are recombined of the fundamental particles, possess a disintegration process. They disintegrate fundamental particles—or, in other words, accelerate them away from themselves. The fundamental particles disintegrated by the disintegration process of protons keep electrons in the nucleus and keep them moving laterally. Or they may go past the original atom to attract the electrons of farther atoms to form molecules. Or they may go past closer molecules to constitute interior gravitation by attracting more distant molecules. Or they may go past the boundaries of the body of mass to constitute exterior gravitation. The spinning motion of the fundamental particles disintegrated by the disintegration process of protons and electrons constitutes their electrical charge. It is what performs the actions of electrical charge.
  3. The nuclei of atoms are held together by the second phase of the recombination process. The fundamental particles of protons and neutrons are spinning in unison at their edges, and so are joined into nuclei by motion spinning at the speed of light, which is why the word "strong' was originally thought descriptive of this type of bond.
  4. How light can come from atoms and especially electrons is explained, because particles of light, too, are formed of fundamental particles by the recombination process and accelerated by the acceleration process of the fundamental particles.
  5. The radioactivity of atoms is explained by the huge quantity of spinning motion in nuclei, by the formation of nuclei by the recombination process, by the continuing disintegration processes inside nuclei—especially the larger ones—and by the ability of the recombination process to act at the edges of neutrons to close the exit pathways of nuclei so that explosive quantities of motion develop inside them.
  6. There is one more characteristic of atoms to be added, and it is obvious. It is often claimed that atoms consist mostly of empty space, but this conclusion has to be modified. Atoms obviously contain large quantities—now unknown—of disintegrated fundamental particles in patterns in their open spaces, and in addition may contain even more that are random, whose spinning motion constitutes heat.

This description of the atom is so new that the update almost seems to be a new atom. It is significantly different and more understandable. Its processes and features are readily identifiable. But it's not new. We are now, for the first time, seeing the atom as it has always been—since before Democritus!

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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16   From Static Structure to Never

Dear Human Being,

Because the current perception of structure by scientists does not now include the fundamental particles, and because it does not now include the operating motion of the universe, the current perception by Science of structure is more static than dynamic. The current perception is of almost motionless structure. The reason is that the current perception has no way to explain the development and continuity and activities of individual structures. The dominance of motion in structure is missing. Clearly some new terms are needed to incorporate the appropriate concepts into Modern Science.

_Static structure_ and _dynamic structure_ have just been mentioned. Another useful term is _fundamental structure_. The fundamental structure of all particles is now unknown by Science. This fundamental structure unifies all particles and all structure.

_The structure of motion_ is another useful term. The fundamental particles are spinning in patterns of developed structure, incorporating a _structure of fundamental motion_. Spinning motion and the imparting of motion by spinning motion to develop structure are integral to _the structure of motion_. _The development of fundamental structures_ follows from _the structure of fundamental motion_. This is what the universe does. First come the simpler structures of individual combined particles, and then the slightly less simple structures of atomic nuclei which are also combined. These are then followed by steadily more complex structures, all constructed of spinning fundamental particles.

_The structure of structure_ is therefore definitely a subject of legitimate scrutiny. All of these can be included in a new _science of fundamental particles_.

Ultimately we may understand the exact structure of a single fundamental particle. If so, we will then comprehend the totality of structure of the universe. That would still not include a perception of the totality of being, if such an attainment is even possible. However, we will never give up trying to understand. Never.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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17   The Sequence of the Possible

Dear Human Being,

The fact that electrons, protons, neutrons, and particles of light are so abundant in the universe suggests that their sizes and arrangements are the ones most efficiently recombined by the recombination process. That there are only three of the enduring larger composite individual particles of mass suggests this idea especially strongly.

Similarly, the brief lifetimes of the particles that are temporarily recombined in particle accelerators suggest their relative unsuitability for recombination by the fundamental particles. This is why they do not endure.

Consequently, the number of sizes and arangements of particles of light is also determined by this suitability. They recombine especially efficiently. We already know a few of these sizes. It will be interesting to eventually discover the entire spectrum—the actual number—and even more information about them.

It should be noted that the entire universe is a sequence of particle formation. Following electrons, protons, neutrons, and particles of light, the helium nucleus begins a new Series of particle formation that is multiple particle formation. It extends through the nuclei of all the succeeding elements. These nuclei are larger and larger particles formed by both stages of the recombination process. Another Series, based on the attractive acceleration process as well as two stages of the recombination process, consists of bodies of atomic mass (which can in a material sense also be construed as 'particles') gradually growing larger. The same is true of molecules, which constitute an additional Series. Stars are another Series. The transition of particle formation from atomic mass to molecular mass to stars is comparable to the transition from smaller nuclei to the radioactive ones. There are interesting similarities, such as the accumulation of interior heat and increasing instability.

Galaxies obviously begin a new Series of particle formation. Yes, a galaxy needs to be construed as an especially large particle in this vast Series, joined by the attractive acceleration process. The notable spaces between the stars are comparable to the ample relative space to be found in atoms and molecules. (Of course these spaces contain incredible numbers of the spinning fundamental particles, which must be viewed as participating in structure.) This Series is continued in clusters of galaxies and then superclusters of galaxies. These objects do, in fact, continue the particle sequence of the universe which is the sequence of the possible using a particle format.

Life forms, including human beings, are simply a special category of bodies of molecular mass demonstrating the exquisite ability of the fundamental particles, using the particle formation process and the two others, to gradually seek and develop the sequence of the possible. Human beings were—and are— ultimately possible. The fundamental particles found them and continue to find them. Life forms are another especially interesting Series.

The fundamental particles and their particle formation process and two related fundamental processes permit a genuinely new understanding of what is. The existence of Series vividly demonstrates the importance of development to the sequence of the possible.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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18   The Creation of Individuals

Dear Human Being,

To understand the universe, it is especially useful to realize how extremely individualistic it is.

It is made entirely of an immeasurably infinite number of fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light. Each one of these fundamental particles, however, no matter how numerous they are, is an individual.

Because each one of these individual fundamental particles has the ability to recombine new particles, the production of additional combined individual particles is also continuous. The disintegration process endlessly supports this activity.

Similarly, each of the recombined particles: electrons, protons, neutrons, and particles of light, is an individual. Each nucleus of an atom is an individual—simply a doubly recombined individual particle. An atom is also a unit—simply a different kind of unit of types of individuals.

Each body of mass unified by atoms is an individual. So is each planet. A star is undeniably individual. A galaxy is also a unit composed of stars acting in unison, held together by the coordinated spinning motion of the fundamental particles. The moon is obviously an individual body in the sky near the Earth. The Earth and the moon together constitute a unique individual system in the sky.

Every human being is an individual. Each cell of a living being is a coordinated unity that importantly acts individually as well as cooperatively. Trees are individuals, and each leaf of a tree is constructed for individual activity.

Your heart is an individual organ. It is constructed to beat in a sequence of individual beats because of individual fundamental particles that act in unison, each making its own small individual contribution.

Your body has the huge versatility it does only because so many individual fundamental particles can each make a separate contribution that together can generate a profoundly efficient complexity capable of surprising achievement.

You are an amazing individual, independent and marvelously able because of the nature of the creation of this universe emerging from a completely understandable sequence of individualistic cooperation.

In the history of Science and in the history of Humanity, discovering this sequence and the nature of creation awaited the recognition of the fundamental particles acting individually with their spinning motion at the speed of light and their three fundamental processes. Only in an individualistic universe of this character are you possible.

Your individuality is an expression of the infinite individuality that precedes and surrounds you and that magnifies you.

Did you ever wonder where your individuality comes from?

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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19   The Principles of Meaningful Being

Dear Human Being,

Because of the discovery of the fundamental particles with their spinning motion and their three fundamental processes, it's possible to state what can be called The Principles of Existence, or even more accurately, The Principles of Meaningful Being.

The Principles of Meaningful Being

  1. Order can come only from order. Identical in mass, size, shape and motion, and possessing the ability to create new order by processes inherent to these characteristics, the fundamental particles support this idea in the most important way possible. They represent the initial order from which the meaningful being of the universe emerges. You constitute order and illustrate this principle.
  2. Motion is absolutely necessary to being for meaningful formation and for activity.
  3. An infinite quantity of motion is necessary for the meaningful formation and activity of being, not only to initiate it but also to perpetuate and extend it.
  4. The fundamental motion of meaningful being is spinning motion. Spinning motion is necessary to provide the quantity of motion necessary for meaningful formation and activity, the availability of motion, particle formation (doubling as motion storage), its accelerative ability (including in all directions in the case of light), the meaningful perpetuation of structures, and its discovering ability.
  5. The fundamental spinning motion must be at one rate only to permit the establishment of order, and this rate must be significantly large to permit the continuity of being. One fundamental rate is an element of fundamental order.
  6. Meaningful being can emerge only from particle structures that interact by spinning motion and that form a sequence from small to large and another less expansive sequence from simple to more complex that is included within the larger sequence. The beginning is an infinitesimally small spinning fundamental particle that provides the fundamental motion of meaningful being and that forms the rest.
  7. In any interaction, the quantity of motion received is exactly equal to the quantity of motion imparted, regardless of the configurations of linear and spinning motion.

These are the necessities for a meaningful universe. They permit this universe and the life within it. It's unfortunate that we can't experiment by making slight changes in the fundamental particles to see what kind of universe would result from each difference. At the same time, it seems obvious that the relationships that exist to permit the universe that we know are perfect.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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20   Insights of Understanding

Dear Human Being,

Here are a variety of insights into the operation of the universe.

  1. Albert Einstein never did accept the quantum theory. In addition, it is well known that he analyzed this theory searchingly for many years with continuous dissatisfaction. J. R. Brown and P.C. W. Davies say in their book, The Ghost in the Atom: "Until his death in 1955, he [Einstein] was convinced that an essential ingredient was missing from the formulation of the quantum theory...."

That "essential ingredient" is still missing from the quantum theory. The _fundamental level of reality_ is missing. The nature of reality is the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light and possessing their three fundamental processes. An understanding of reality is obviously incomplete if part of reality—and especially the most important part—is missing.

  2. The precise identification, for the first time, of Planck's constant or h being equal to mλ is especially important because it shows particles of light as matter, or having mass. Accordingly, because light has never been understood before in the history of Science, the many uses of Planck's constant in quantum descriptions suggests that the originators of those descriptions did not understand their own formulas. Further, it is not enough to indicate that Planck's constant might be "the ratio of the energy of a photon to the frequency of the light wave," as mentioned in The Ghost in the Atom. Energy is a mathematically nebulous term in this ratio, as the simple word always is, and the use of the concept of frequency in this ratio also misleadingly suggests that the energy of a photon, as related to Planck's constant, is directly integrated with frequency. Rather, Planck's constant is directly related to the linear energy of a particle of light.
  3. The recombination process consists of two stages, as indicated. Just as the atomic nucleus is the second stage of the recombination process, radioactivity is the second stage of the disintegration process. It is in fact a kind of unification that the second stage of the disintegration process emerges from the second stage of the recombination process. The light from a star is the third stage of the disintegration process. It is truly a magnificent example. To continue creating the sequence of mass, the recombination process is joined by the acceleration process. This change permits empty space to be included in mass, further permitting the variability of the universe. Both the star and the galaxy are magnificent examples of combination (which equals the recombination process plus the acceleration process). The importance of combination to the universe cannot be overestimated.
  4. Light is a huge clue to the operation of all of the senses. It's responsible for our most vivid sense, vision. But its basis is responsible for the other senses too. With ears and what we call hearing we interpret the approach of the electrons of air which have been accelerated, just like particles of light, by the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light to reach us. If it weren't for this great spinning motion to both begin and continue the acceleration of electrons through space, we wouldn't have the sense of hearing. The sense of touch, including pain, depends on the mechanism of electron proximity, which activates the acceleration process by freed fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light so that we are notified of tactile activity extraordinarily quickly. If it weren't for this quick notification by these particles spinning at the speed of light, we wouldn't learn by touch so quickly and probably would not be able to survive. The other senses, taste and smell, also depend on these spinning particles and their accelerative ability, and they also alert us to extra information especially promptly because of the speed of this spinning motion. Yes, light is a huge clue to the nature of the senses of human beings. All five senses can be understood to operate similarly, if one knows about the contribution of the fundamental particles in each case.
  5. Think of the phenomenon of cutting. We have many instruments to do so. But is cutting really done by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, and is sharpening just a way to permit them greater access to a site where we desire to promote separation?
  6. For a few moments, think about the three fundamental processes of the universe: the recombination, the disintegration, and the acceleration processes. Each is a fundamental activity of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles of the universe. Each fundamental activity is different and necessary to create the universe. But at the same time they are perfectly unified. They simply occur at different parts of the same sequence. Understanding their unification is a shorthand way to instantly perceive the unification of the entire universe.
  7. The currently accepted explanation of gravitation by Modern Science stresses that it is not an acceleration. In fact, however, it is two accelerations: the fundamental particles are first accelerated into the space around a body. That's one acceleration. If they encounter a body in that space, they impart attractive motion to that body by their spinning motion. That's a second but different acceleration. The first acceleration results in the phenomenon of gravity. The second results in the phenomenon of gravitation and is the result of reverse or attractive acceleration. Reverse acceleration, or attraction, however, is still acceleration. And in space, there is still another acceleration, a third one, that acts on orbiting bodies. A gravitating body is turning around in space. Therefore all of the fundamental particles that it emits are given a slight lateral motion as they are also accelerated outward into space. This slight lateral motion acts to repel an orbiting body away from the gravitating body as it approaches, helping it to avoid being attracted into the gravitating body. This useful repulsion of the orbiting body is an acceleration that in some cases may save it from annihilation. The faster a gravitating body is turning, the more lateral motion is received by the emitted fundamental particles that constitute gravity.
  8. Another thing: the fundamental particle needs to be the smallest unit in the universe, in order to be able to create all of the universe. This makes ultimate sense. There is no other way. And it is the smallest unit. Modern Science doesn't perceive a smallest unit. (The universe could have been understood long ago by starting with this realization.) And Modern Science doesn't have a creative unit. Most importantly, it doesn't have a fundamental unit of motion. But the development and stability of the universe require it.
  9. Life is permissive motion. Motion develops structures and also permits them to move. This is because its fundamental structure development process (recombination process) is also a motion storage process.
  10. In the early 1800's light was concluded to be a wave because of Thomas Young's famous interference experiment. However, it is now obvious that light consists of particles formed by the recombination process exactly like electrons, protons, and neutrons are recombined. Particles of light are able to receive motion by the acceleration process, and electrons and protons can similarly be accelerated as in electrical charge. The phenomenon of interference can therefore be clarified. It is an interference with particles of light initiated by patterns of atoms of air arranged around matter by the disintegrated fundamental particles of that matter acting on the particles of air which interact with each other. These patterns both block and deflect arriving particles of light. The deflecting effect causes the bands of color or bands of deflected light alternating with bands that do not receive light because it has been deflected away from them. Smaller particles of light such as those representing red and orange, are deflected more. Destructive and constructive interference, which do not occur, were claimed to exist before the nature of light was understood. This type of early erroneous conclusion is prevalent in the history of Science.
  11. In the Wikipedia article, "Aristotle," the following sentence appears: "Moreover he introduced the fundamental notion that nature is composed of things that change and that studying such changes can provide useful knowledge of underlying constants." The reason for the constant change of the universe is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, which constitute it. All day long, you are looking at the results of this motion. And these results continue at night. The disintegration process, following directly from the recombination process, guarantees constant change by the acceleration process. The fundamental particles, with their spinning motion at the speed of light, guarantee the constant appearance of motion to human beings.

Clearly Aristotle noticed the order in the continuous change which is why "underlying constants" necessarily are responsible. The fundamental particles provide the most fundamental underlying constants. A revealing question to ask is, "How does Modern Science explain continuous orderly change?" Are you satisfied with the explanation—if there is one? There must be a source of the motion of change. And the quantity of motion available for this change must be sufficient to explain the quantity of change. Further, the reason for the speed of light must be included.

In the 1978 World Book Encyclopedia article, "Aristotle," the following sentences also appear: "For Aristotle, the most striking aspect of nature was change. He even defined the philosophy of nature in his _Physics_ as the study of things that change." Studying the changes in electrons accelerated in particle accelerators is a good example—unless one has the type of mind able and willing to believe that motion can be converted into mass. (And I hope not.)

  12. In fact the universe is far more creative than Modern Science acknowledges, assumedly because Science is completely unable to explain such quantitatively amazing creativity. Perhaps the reason is the omnipresence of this creativity so that it tends to become unrecognized because of its universality. The spontaneous composition of a single sentence by a human being requires substantial creativity. The only way to explain such creativity is by an infinity of fundamental motions possessing "underlying constants" manifested by the fundamental processes of particle recombination, particle disintegration, and particle acceleration. If you stop and think about it, you might realize the necessity of a process of combination to permit the composition of a single sentence. Words have to be combined or to come together to express an idea, and there has to be a definite way for them to come together. When someone is talking, this sequence is continually repeated with each new thought which is a combination of subject and predicate and qualifiers and punctuation.
  13. Nuclear fission produces a large quantity of gamma rays because of the abundance of fundamental particles freed by the separation of radioactive atomic nuclei. The recombination and acceleration processes create and accelerate combined particles according to the quantity of fundamental particles available. If more fundamental particles are available, larger particles will be recombined and accelerated. Otherwise the sizes of the emerging particles will be smaller. The particles designated gamma rays, which are especially large, consequently are notably conspicuous from nuclear fission because of the quantity of fundamental particles becoming available.
  14. Every innovation in technology is an application of the abilities of the fundamental particles—so far without an understanding of their involvement and contribution. Handheld and laptop electronic devices such as cell phones and computers are coming into use all around the Earth, without an accompanying realization of the existence of the recombined and accelerated particles (of matter) traveling everywhere at the speed of light through space to bring and communicate the information they carry. The recombination, acceleration, and disintegration processes today are omnipresent without an accompanying knowledge of their contributions to modern life.
  15. In the 1600's, Robert Boyle conducted experiments with an air pump to try to understand what he called "the spring of the air," but he never did. He didn't know it, but he was seeking to understand the fundamental nature of the universe. The fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light in particles constituting air, are the "spring of the air."
  16. It has long been known, without understanding, that heat can produce electricity. This is called the thermoelectric effect. An understanding of this phenomenon is now possible. Heat is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles when these particles are separate and random. This is the same spinning motion that accelerates particles of light in all directions. It should come as no surprise, then, that the same spinning motion is able to accelerate electrons and induce an electric current—to essentially the speed of light. This is in fact another unification of understanding by the fundamental particles. To comprehend the significance of these conclusions better, recall that Science now has absolutely no way to explain the accelerative ability of heat—and certainly no way to explicate where the speed of light comes from in the thermoelectric effect.
  17. The Wikipedia article, "Light," contains the following sentence: "In 1923 Arthur Holly Compton showed that the wavelength shift seen when low intensity X-rays are scattered from electrons (so called Compton scattering) could be explained by a particle theory of X-rays, but not by a wave theory." The reason is significant. The low intensity X-rays had to be recombined and accelerated following their disintegration when incident to the electrons. These are particle processes. Both the X-rays and electrons are composite particles, whereas in Science now, both are seen as fundamental or elementary (and X-rays are construed to be waves). This is obviously a huge difference! To understand the X-rays, it is also necessary to know about the acceleration process. These X-rays had to be accelerated following disintegration and recombination. The transition therefore is not best described as a "shift." Fundamental particles automatically recombine new particles when appropriate densities are available. Lower densities will result in X-ray particles of smaller sizes, and larger densities will produce X-ray particles of larger sizes.
  18. The same Wikipedia article, "Light," states "As in the case for radio waves and the X-rays involved in Compton scattering, physicists have noted that electromagnetic radiation tends to behave more like a classical wave at lower frequencies but more like a classical particle at higher frequencies, but never completely loses all qualities of one or the other." There is an easy explanation. The reason is that particles of light-speed radiation with higher frequencies are larger recombined particles than those with lower frequencies. Of course therefore their particle nature is more noticeable! This is ultimate sense. And all the different kinds of light are particles. The recombination and acceleration processes give them what are designated as frequency and wavelength—but these are simply characteristics.
  19. I ask you: When electrons are known by Modern Science to travel at just about the speed of light, and have mass, does it make any sense that particles of light, which travel at the same speed, are concluded by Science to have no mass at all? Especially when light is also known to come from electrons?
  20. Another case in which the understanding of the universe is right before the eyes of scientists is lightning. We know that it is a stream of electrons. We know that something from electrons repels other electrons. So when in nature they experience proximity, and particles of light with awesome linear motion are observed, isn't it reasonable that that motion comes from electrons, and that it had to be stored inside electrons before being imparted to the light? The idea of a motion storage process and the idea of an acceleration process are readily available in this phenomenon—in fact, they are imperative! The idea of spinning particles for the storage and acceleration of this motion has also always been readily available (and imperative), since spinning motion is the only motion that can be stored, and spinning motion can accelerate. And if particles of light are observed from electrons when they experience proximity by nature, isn't it reasonable that these particles of light are being formed in order to suddenly exist? Especially when Science has no other explanation? The idea of a particle formation or recombination process is readily available for consideration. And the idea of a particle formation or recombination process suggests the possibility of the formation of particles of light (and electrons) from particles smaller than themselves. And if something is coming from electrons to produce the light, isn't it reasonable to consider that the electrons are partially disintegrating to allow the particles of light to be formed? This consideration suggests again the possibility of particles smaller than particles of light and electrons. So the ideas of a disintegration process and of particles smaller than particles of light and electrons are readily available from lightning. And because electrical charge cannot be seen, isn't it reasonable that whatever is coming from electrons during lightning to contribute to the formation and acceleration of light is related to electrical charge which also involves the speed of light? So the possibility of explaining the nature of electrical charge, still a fundamental scientific mystery, is readily available to be considered and even realized from characteristics observed in this phenomenon. The three fundamental processes of the universe and the fundamental particles are therefore begging to be perceived to be participating in the appearance of lightning—and therefore begging to be discovered.
  21. The Wikipedia article, "J.J. Thomson," states that in his 1888 book, _Applications of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry_ , Thomson "addressed the transformation of energy in mathematical and theoretical terms, suggesting that all energy might be kinetic." Had this idea been rigorously pursued—and Thomson put the idea forward in plain sight—Science could have avoided losing over 100 years of understanding. One of the two biggest mistakes in Science in the modern era has been the failure to determine the nature of energy. The other is the erroneous acceptance of the idea that the electron is a fundamental particle when it is definitely a composite particle and contributes enormously to Humanity in this capacity by means of its stored motion.
  22. In 1827 a Scottish botanist, Robert Brown, observed what is called Brownian motion, or the continuous jiggly motion of tiny pollen and other particles suspended in water. Some have attributed this phenomenon to what is called the kinetic theory of matter, in which the origin of the motion of this theory is unexplained. But in fact it is the result of the continuous disintegration of fundamental particles, with their spinning motion at the speed of light, by electrons, protons, and neutrons, and the resulting accelerations imparted by this spinning motion. Anyone can conduct a comparable experiment. If you put something like a tablespoon of blackstrap molasses in a cereal bowl of water, and simply wait, the molasses will slowly spread without help throughout the water by the disintegration processes of the electrons, protons, and neutrons of the liquids and the resulting acceleration processes by the spinning motion of the released fundamental particles. This is a fundamental diffusion by the fundamental particles of the universe. This is the mechanism of Brownian motion. This is the explanation of the seemingly spontaneous motion that matter possesses.
  23. Relatedly, another unmistakably revealing clue to the universe that for decades has been in front of the eyes of scientists is the kinetic theory itself. The Wikipedia article, "Kinetic Theory," lists certain assumptions about an ideal gas, and one of these assumptions is "These molecules are in constant, random, and rapid motion." However, as stated, no source of this continuously occurring motion is ever explained. Where do they think this considerable motion comes from? If it's there, this motion has to have an explanation. What is it? Collectively speaking, there are huge holes in Science, such as the nature and motion of electrical charge, the nature and motion of magnetism, the nature and motion of gravitation, the nature and motion of light, the nature and motion of heat, the nature and motion of particle formation and acceleration, the nature and motion of the atomic nucleus and radioactivity, the nature and motion of the red shift, the nature of color, and the source of and nature of the motion of cells. All of this motion should have led to the fundamental particles and their explanatory spinning motion long ago—motion that can be stored and then usefully released.
  24. Relatedly again, a huge clue to the motion stored in particles is the observation of boiling water. Scientists have never answered the question, Where does all that motion come from? The answer to this simple question should have been pursued more vigorously. Also related, of course, is, How does the heat of fire destroy structure? The relationship between the motion of boiling water and the destruction of matter by heat is full of clues to the nature of matter. The heat of fire of course destroys matter by motion. Motion is the answer to this relationship—spinning motion at the speed of light that also, by the way, constitutes the motion and explanation of so many other phenomena of the universe.
  25. The explanation of the ultraviolet catastrophe is that the recombination and acceleration of larger and larger particles of light—or those with greater frequencies—require larger and larger quantities of free fundamental particles. But these quantities also continue to recombine and accelerate particles of light of other sizes at the same time, too, so that larger and larger particles are definitely at a disadvantage. Ultimately, the production of larger and larger particles of light is therefore unable to continue. This is the ultraviolet catastrophe encountered by the attempted equations. The ultraviolet catastrophe is in fact a direct indication of the existence of the recombination process, or fundamental particle formation process, and also of the fundamental particles.
  26. Notice that the discovery of the fundamental particles explains the photoelectric effect unquestionably by classical mechanics—thought since 1900 to be unavailable to explain this phenomenon. Frequency is bypassed because each different color of light is represented by particles of light of a different quantity of mass. The particles of light with greater frequencies possess proportionately more mass. A particle of light with greater frequency (and greater mass) therefore obviously ejects an electron more energetically—or with greater velocity. The idea of waves is irrelevant. The photoelectric effect is the result of pure mechanics—as is everything else.
  27. An experiment anyone can conduct with heat is as follows. Fill a glass of water at least half full. Heat it for approximately a minute in a microwave. Take it out and cover it with a transparent plastic lid. Wait. In a little while, the inside of the transparent plastic lid will be covered with drops of water. How did the water go upward? It had to be propelled upward, against the effects of gravity. As stated, the discovery of the fundamental particles indicates heat is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles when they are separate and random. Heat was added to the water by the minute particles of microwave activity. By impact in the water, the microwave particles disintegrate into separate random fundamental particles, whose spinning motion is heat. The water on the inside of the transparent plastic lid was accelerated upward by the extra heat, or spinning motion of fundamental particles, in the water. The quantity of water observed on the inside of the lid is proportional to the difference in the density of heat in the water and the density of heat in the air of the room. Important: Modern Science cannot explain the accelerative ability of heat—it cannot ultimately explain where the motion to accelerate comes from. Science has never been able to explain this characteristic of heat, and especially the ability to add motion at the speed of light. The spinning motion of the fundamental particles constitutes this ability and provides the explanation.

Relatedly, if an object like an apple dries out, how do you think the water gets out of the apple? It has to be accelerated out by motion. Where does the water get the motion to leave? The spinning motion of random fundamental particles is the answer.

Far more importantly, when water evaporates from the earth, how do you think it gets the motion to leave? The evaporation of water is associated with heat—stated here to be the spinning motion of random fundamental particles. These spinning particles supply the motion for water to leave. It can send water from objects in all directions, including up. Consequently this experiment is significantly revealing.

  28. About the liquid in a thermometer, a liquid cannot expand without internal motion. The liquid in a thermometer can expand only by acquiring more motion internally. Obviously this expansion occurs by acceleration in all directions. It therefore occurs by the acceleration process. The quantity of heat in the liquid of a thermometer is proportional to its ability to accelerate. Science cannot now successfully explain the flow of heat into substances, both liquid and solid, nor the form (or nature) of this heat, nor the nature of its acceleration. The fundamental particles easily provide these explanations.
  29. Parents universally take credit for the miracles of their children. But shouldn't some credit be given to the fundamental particles of matter which discovered the marvel of human beings, discovers each marvelous different individual human being, recombines the particles, develops the structures, and provides the motion?
  30. A damp cloth can be put anywhere in an inhabited room, high or low, and it will dry, even in the remotest and least considered corner. This experiment shows generally the prevalence of random fundamental particles in a room of habitable warmth. Although you don't think about them, they are there.
  31. Notice that chewing food is a disintegration process. Notice that the digestion of food is a disintegration process.
  32. In the history of humanity, Science has not once ever understood the phenomenon of attraction, as omnipresent as it is. This realization itself, as simple as it sounds, would be a significant advance for humanity.
  33. Why do virtual particles exist in modern scientific explanations? There is only one answer. Wherever virtual particles are indicated, Science does not understand what it is explaining. If the understanding were present, virtual particles would not be necessary.
  34. Making and using ice is an easy-to-understand experiment we do with the fundamental particles of the universe every day. The hardness of ice is a good example of the acceleration process of nuclei when the acceleration process of heat is removed. The attractive acceleration process of nuclei produces that hardness. The melting of ice is a good example of the acceleration process of individual and random fundamental particles by their spinning motion. A glass of something to drink containing ice is a circus of acceleration processes—as are most phenomena.
  35. The Golden Rule is incomplete. It should not only encourage the treatment of others as you would like to be treated. It should also include the fundamental reason for this significant respectful treatment. It should clearly indicate that other human beings should be treated well because of the unquestionable value of a human being—as well as how you would like to be treated. The Golden Rule could reasonably and honestly mention that it takes a universe to create a human being, no matter how many there are. They should always be greatly valued along with the respectful treatment accorded them. Ample justification is readily available. Valuing a human being has the additional benefit of indicating the value of oneself to offset the devaluation that sometimes occurs in religious writings.
  36. Human beings and other creatures have sophisticated mechanical memory. The universe tends to endure because of the embedded memory related to spinning motion at the speed of light which both combines and persists. This is a kind of accidental or fortuitous memory, for which we use the word structure. Compare it to the longevity of certain particles in particle accelerators that persist for only brief fractions of a second. Human memory is the exploitation and enhancement of the embedded automatic memory of spinning particles.
  37. The Periodic Table needs to be modified. We go to a lot of trouble on one end, the more complicated one, to artificially extend it by creating artificial elements. Although scientists don't know about the existence of the recombination process, this attempted extension is based on the multiple particle formation by the recombination process. But the other end, the less complicated one, can also be extended with almost no trouble at all. The Periodic Table is actually a diagram of the structure of matter by the recombination process.

Accordingly, the true beginning of the Periodic Table is missing. At the left of the Table should be a place for the fundamental particles, or the most basic state of matter—the state from which the rest of the Table follows. As individual particles get larger, there should be places for radio particles, infrared particles, visible light particles, ultraviolet particles, gamma ray particles, and cosmic ray particles. All of these particles of course are gradually increasing in size with the recombination process.

Following these, the electron, proton, and neutron should be shown. (There may even be a place for the temporary particles of various sizes recombined briefly in space, such as the muon, and in particle accelerators.)

Then the historic Periodic Table should occur, beginning with the hydrogen atom and proceeding as usual to the largest atom known.

Notice that the presentation of the Periodic Table in this form, by including the fundamental particles, by implication and extension includes electrical charge, magnetism, gravity and gravitation, the acceleration of light, the development of life, and the provision of motion for life by the disintegration and acceleration processes.

The Periodic Table is a sequence of particle formation that is part of a larger sequence which could be indicated.

  38. The universe is created according to an Exploratory Principle. The fundamental particles, with their spinning motion at the speed of light and their three fundamental processes, create what they can and maintain what they can as long as they can. Electrons, protons, and particles of light are created and are able to be maintained for relatively long periods of time. The neutron is created but by itself can be maintained by the fundamental particles for only about 15 minutes. The particles recombined temporarily in particle accelerators cannot be maintained after being created for any appreciable interval of time. Light is created according to this principle in the sense that the sizes of particles of light created depend on the quantities of uncombined fundamental particles available. This exploratory principle could also be called the Discovery Principle. Or, it could be called the Explore and Discover Principle. The universe uses a sophisticated version of this principle for inventions by humanity. Long before these inventions, Humanity itself and other forms of life were discovered by the continuous exploration of these spinning particles. Many forms of extinct life, including dinosaurs, were also the result of continuous exploration by the fundamental particles using their motion, atoms, and molecules to discover what they can.
  39. Because Current Science doesn't have a particle formation (or recombination) process, it doesn't have a disintegration or motion-releasing process. Science therefore ignores the relatively quick disintegration of free neutrons in about 15 minutes. Equally, Science ignores the instantaneous disintegration of particles recombined temporarily in particle accelerators. Equally, it ignores the disintegration of particles of light from stars and therefore erroneously concludes that the universe is expanding because the disintegration process produces a red shift to this light. Equally, Science is unable to understand radioactivity, which results from the disintegration process inside larger and larger nuclei, resulting gradually in the increasing inability of more and more disintegrated fundamental particles to exit nuclei and the recombination and acceleration of particles such as gamma particles out of these nuclei. This disintegration process permits nuclear technology and explosions, and Humanity represented by Current Science should therefore understand its contribution and importance. Equally, the failure to understand the fundamental disintegration process prevents an understanding of photosynthesis and specifically the separation of the water molecule to make both oxygen and hydrogen available. This failure simultaneously blocks an understanding of star formation, the light and heat of stars, and the light and heat of volcanism. And finally, without the fundamental disintegration process, Science is unable to explain the motion of vehicles and the cells of life, both of which depend for their activities on the release of motion by electron proximity disintegration, which is a form of the disintegration process. And there are even more shortfalls, such as the dependence on the disintegration process for heat and light from burning fuel. The disintegration process is the reason a fire begins. The disintegration process is the reason a fire continues. And the disintegration process is the reason a fire stops. The recombination and acceleration processes, in the form of light, are an advertisement of the disintegration process. So is the existence of heat at a site impacted by particles of light. The disintegration process also explains the heat from electric heaters, the light from light bulbs, and the heat of microwaves. And from more modern and national and international perspectives, radar, television, cell phones, and electronic handheld devices all use the disintegration process to represent information and then accelerate it to destinations.

No explanation of the universe or humanity can ever succeed without the disintegration process. It is the central fundamental process, between the other two. It is central to the development and functioning of the universe and equally central to understanding it.

  40. Ever think about the coronal mass ejections that accompany solar flares? (See the Wikipedia article.) These are huge accelerated quantities of mass that travel great distances upward from the surface of the sun and other stars, experiencing immense speeds as they do. Incredible acceleration obviously is involved. Therefore these could not occur without an acceleration process. Recall that light is also accelerated from the sun by the acceleration process. The solar wind is likewise accelerated away from the sun by the same acceleration process. Equally the fundamental particles that impart the motion of gravity are accelerated away from the sun and by so doing are able to enact the gravitation that maintains the solar system. And simple heat is accelerated outward from the sun. These phenomena represent five examples of the acceleration process operating in the sun—and therefore in other stars as well.
  41. Take a look at the structure of a carbohydrate. Its exterior is mostly hydrogen atoms. By looking at this structure, as of glucose, you are participating in an intimate glance at life. These hydrogen atoms possess the electrons that provide the motion provided by carbohydrates for life—the motion that becomes available during electron proximity disintegration. In fact the structures of carbohydrates with their plentiful hydrogen atoms offer a kind of confirmation of the discovery that the motion of life emerges from electrons during electron proximity disintegration. A carbohydrate is a special motion storage phenomenon for life.
  42. There is no doubt that the fundamental particles, with their spinning motion and three fundamental processes, will eventually explain the complexities of DNA and how it transmits heredity. The fundamental particles, with their dazzlingly capable motions, provide DNA with the generous ability to institute all of the profoundly complex acts of heredity. DNA, on the other hand, cannot ever be understood without the fundamental particles.
  43. There is no doubt that the fundamental particles, with their spinning motion and three fundamental processes, will eventually explain the complexities of how cancer occurs and how it can be eliminated. The same is true of other human illnesses. Research using this understanding should therefore begin.
  44. Is stress the effects of the unnecessary release of fundamental particles by electron proximity disintegration, such as by unproductive worry? The unnecessary release of random fundamental particles into living bodies will be damaging.
  45. The spirit of a person depends on the exquisite operation of the fundamental particles throughout the human body, but especially within the neurological system. There is no way to explain the activities of the human brain without spinning particles. There is no way to explain the speed of human thought, the speed of human memory, and the internal communication of the human body without spinning particles spinning at a considerable speed.
  46. Here are some other examples of how Science is distorting human understanding by claiming to explain the universe by mathematics and equations. In the book, The Nature of Space and Time by Stephen Hawking and Roger Penrose, the following sentence, referring to a diagram included to describe space by Hawking, appears: "There is another asymptotically flat region (3) on the left that seems to correspond to another universe that is connected to ours only by a wormhole. However, as we shall see, it is connected to our region through imaginary time." Hawking is able to extract from just a diagram and a geometrical equation "another universe," a "wormhole," and "imaginary time." At the beginning of the book Hawking says, "I take the positivist viewpoint that a physical theory is just a mathematical model and that it is meaningless to ask whether it corresponds to reality. All that one can ask is that its predictions should be in agreement with observation." But this disclaimer is overwhelmed and nullified by the claim made by the title of the book: The Nature of Space and Time. Two important claims are made that are not fulfilled. In fact, only a misleading obfuscation follows. Hawking is right that he offers only "a mathematical model." But he is not right to disclaim "that it is meaningless to ask whether it corresponds to reality." In fact that's the implied point of the book, indicated by its title. Any intelligent and interested person would ask exactly that question. Human beings are seeking understanding. And the answer to the question in this case is that his model does not correspond.

Later Hawking also says, "And the size of the density perturbations is just that required to explain the formation of galaxies and stars. Thus it seems that the no-boundary proposal can explain all the structures of the universe, including little inhomogeneities like ourselves." I reply: New and strange phrases and larger words do not necessarily carry sense. Consider this simple question: In the primordially early status of space and time (with no boundary) in the history of the universe, indicated in Hawking's statement, where is all of the motion needed to form the totality of structures that this proposal "can explain"? Hawking also makes the development of human beings sound impossibly easy and carefree. To these ideas I recommend the following fundamental test: How do they explain the origin of the speed of light? It's not included in this book.

  47. In his book, The Sleepwalkers, Arthur Koestler states that Science is moving farther and farther away from the ability to provide an understanding of reality to Humanity. And he's right. Ideas accepted as standard Science, such as the curvature of space, the flexibility of time, the belief that all of the matter in the universe can be compressed into a space the size of a marble, and the unexplained direct conversion of motion into mass are examples. Part of this trend is also the abandonment of causation for probability. How much belief is going to be inspired in Humanity by the assurance that something is "probable"? In his book, Koestler describes this recession as "The Vanishing Act." The understanding of reality is steadily vanishing because of various erroneous positions taken by Science, such as the examples above. In the section of the book with this title, Koestler says, "Each advance in physical theory, with its rich technological harvest, was bought by a loss in intelligibility." In this same section he goes on to add, "Modern physics is not really concerned with 'things' but with the mathematical relations between certain abstractions which are the residue of the vanished things." Koestler quotes Bertrand Russell at the end of this same section: "Physics is mathematical not so much because we know so much about the physical world, but because we know so little. It is only its mathematical properties that we can discover." Russell categorically states that we can know almost nothing about "the physical world" or reality except its mathematics. But this assertion is totally wrong. There are many entrances to reality. Perhaps too great a reliance on mathematics is part of the problem.

This trend: the increasing departure from an understanding of reality by Science and therefore by Humanity, is going to be profoundly reversed by the discovery of the fundamental particles, their spinning motion at the speed of light, and their three fundamental processes which create an amazing particle universe capable of containing amazing human beings. The existence of the speed of light has a definite explanation that any person, and also Science, can depend on. This is NEW and GENUINE understanding. The recombination and acceleration of particles of light have nothing to do with probability.

The many insights, following from the discovery of the fundamental particles and leading directly to an explanation of the universe, are going to impact knowledge in many significant and exciting ways. Far too many phenomena, such as the sudden extraordinary motion of new light, which is obvious, have simply been ignored, while preposterous ideas, such as the expansion of the entire universe, have been erected on misunderstanding and declared to be Standard Science. What about the sudden omnipresent acceleration of light? Why hasn't it ever been explained? Why did Science leave it behind and ignore it for centuries? Where does that motion come from? And how is it applied? This is just one example. But Understanding is now approaching. And it's arriving at the speed of light.

  48. The spectra of individual elements is definitely explained by electron proximity disintegration followed immediately by recombination and acceleration of the particles of light consistent with the electron structure of these elements.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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21   Right Before Your Eyes

Dear Human Being,

A good lesson to learn about discovery—from the discovery of the fundamental particles—is not to miss what is right in front of your eyes.

For example, the recombination process has always been especially obvious in particle accelerators. It's been available from the increase in mass of accelerated electrons, but also from the many examples of the formation of strange new particles from the 1930's onward. A particle formation process is mandatory in particle accelerators because of the formation of these previously unknown particles that unquestionably exist if only for tiny fractions of seconds. The recombination process has been right before the eyes of those using particle accelerators—from the 1930's to now. And it has been missed.

The acceleration process has been even more available to recognize in particle accelerators. _Particle accelerators have the idea of acceleration right in their name, for goodness sake!_ They're _accelerators!_ The idea of a method of acceleration should have been obvious. And this process has been even more available to recognize for centuries because of the universal presence of acceleration in magnetism and electrical charge! The acceleration process has been right before the eyes of thinkers for centuries and centuries and in all countries! It was right there to be discovered. But it was missed. And add the acceleration of gravitation to these observations. Gravitation is an even more conspicuous example of the acceleration process right before one's eyes. The mystery of gravitation would have been far more solvable for centuries had thinkers just applied the most simple and obvious explanation—that sudden motion means motion is being added—exactly where it is received. Is that so difficult? The particles adding the motion of gravitation would then have been discovered.

The disintegration process has also been equally obvious in particle accelerators, since they often depend on the collisions of accelerated particles for the results sought. In fact this process—the disintegration process—has been especially discoverable because scientists for decades have steadily been building larger and more powerful accelerators, obviously to magnify their disintegrating capabilities. More simply, neutrons were discovered in 1932, and when independent they spontaneously disintegrate in about 15 minutes, revealing an unmistakeable disintegration process. Further, neutrons also especially had the direct attention of scientists in the 1930's because of the discovery of radioactivity and the importance of neutrons to radioactive sequences. The disintegration process of neutrons was therefore even more conspicuously in front of the eyes of scientists! (And radioactivity ultimately can be shown to largely depend upon the disintegration process inside atomic nuclei.) The disappearance of light into matter was another simpler clue to the disintegration process, for all thinkers for centuries, and the immediate related presence of heat in that matter was even another clue, although more indirect.

The discovery by Planck in 1900 that light is discontinuous was another pathway to the recombination and disintegration processes of light. (This discontinuity leads right to the disintegration, recombination, and acceleration processes.) Relatedly, the acceleration of light has been ignored by thinkers for centuries, although light obviously, in infinite numbers of instances, receives instantaneous motion to an awesome speed. In this case especially, the acceleration process was right before the eyes of scientists and other thinkers. The acceleration of light is unquestionable, and therefore so is an acceleration process, which is then a clue to the other two processes.

And at the same time, the red shift of light from distant stars all around the earth is especially compatible with a disintegration process (which always also requires a preceding recombination process to make it possible). The calamity of incorrectly announcing that the universe is expanding could—and should—have been avoided.

A more open-minded consideration of the appearance of light at the anterior side of electrons being accelerated in particle accelerators would have supported the idea of a recombination process acting on electrons, because it would have also suggested one for light, contributing to the solution of two mysteries at the same time. In fact, a unification of the formation of all particles was right before the eyes of scientists witnessing the phenomenon of light-formation at the front ends of electrons being accelerated. It would have fit right in with the process of acceleration of the electrons. This information was right before the eyes of scientists seeking to learn from their observations.

The increase in weight of objects heated was an especially available clue to the recombination process. (It's parallel to the increase in mass of electrons accelerated in particle accelerators.) The only way to add weight to an object is to add actual mass. Suggesting that energy is being changed into mass was a weak, far less convincing, and even impossible explanation.

Another example of a missed truth that was right before one's eyes was the very obvious one that motion can be stored. This truth has always been undeniably obvious. The light coming from fire clearly possesses immense motion, which has to be present inside the combustible materials that permit fire. For fire to exist, motion has to be stored—and it cannot be linear motion. In any case involving fire, the idea of the storage of motion is undeniable and requisite. Once this conclusion is reached, considerable valuable knowledge follows, such as the necessity of spinning particles to store motion. The method of the acceleration of light quickly emerges. The existence of the storage of motion is also a simple and easy conclusion that is possible from observing living creatures such as human beings and by observing vehicles moved by internal combustion engines. The idea of the storage of motion—always quite conspicuous—has always been ignored, but it could rather easily have led to the discovery of the fundamental particles and their spinning motion long long ago and then to other discoveries. It was right before one's eyes.

Thinking about the motion of human beings, recall that Modern Science claims that the energy of living tissue comes from a molecule called ATP, or adenosine triphosphate. The problem with this idea, however, is that _there's no acceleration process to go along with it!_ In other words, whatever the truth about this molecule, _missing from Science in this explanation is how the energy of living creatures, including human beings, is applied or imparted._ This was another idea right in front of the eyes of scientists but missed. The acceleration process was right there ready to be discovered. This need should have been a compelling clue to a far greater understanding of life. In fact every motion of a human being or any other creature is the result of an acceleration possible because of previously stored motion. Moving water has to accelerate a paddle wheel in order to grind grain. The necessity of acceleration, since the beginning of humankind, has always been right in front of our eyes—as well as everywhere inside us.

The same is true because of vehicles. Every motion of a vehicle is the result of an acceleration by the acceleration process. The gas pedal is even called an accelerator!

Another clue to the universe that has always been right before our eyes is the fact that attraction is only possible by spinning particles moving in one direction and imparting motion in the opposite direction. This is a very simple analysis and conclusion! No other modality can produce it. On the other hand, exchange particles cannot physically attract—mathematically, perhaps so, and therefore by forced logic, but not in reality. This truth about attraction was potentially right before the eyes of anyone interested, for centuries, but was universally ignored. Notice that there always have been two clues to the solution of the nature of gravity and gravitation—one for each eye.

Think about how I discovered the recombination process which led immediately to the other two. It wasn't by an elaborate experiment. Sitting on my front porch one day, I realized that in the fundamental experiment of electrical charge, using charged balls, something has to be coming from electrons and protons to hold the two charged balls out in space. When I researched the idea, I read that scientists had rejected the possibility that something of mass is leaving electrons and protons, because in experiments conducted no loss of mass was discovered. So, sitting there on the porch, in the sunshine, I asked myself, "If something is obviously leaving electrons and protons in electrical charge, why is no loss of mass detected?" The answer suddenly came into my mind: "Because whatever is being lost by the electrons and protons is being recombined back onto them." That was essentially the discovery of the recombination process—or the particle formation process (and motion storage process) of the universe. It led directly to the fundamental particles of the universe, spinning at the speed of light and therefore to the origin of the speed of light and the energy in mass, to the disintegration process, and the acceleration process—and to the understanding of the sequence of development of the entire universe. It revealed the infrastructure of being. The point is, this was the most basic experiment of electrical charge. It was available to everyone. I saw it in a basic science book. And the experiment easily offered a number of fundamental truths regularly ignored and missed.

A good lesson to learn about discovery from the fundamental particles is not to miss what is right in front of your eyes.

Another example, right before our eyes, is the marvelous value of a human being. This is still generally being missed. It takes a universe to create all of the incredible characteristics of a human being. Think about how incredible they are! They are right in front of your eyes.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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22   A Mixture of Impossibilities

Dear Human Being,

The credibility of Modern Science is challenged in many ways. But why would it offer to the public ideas impossible to believe and totally incomprehensible to everyone on Earth? Why would it go that far in a number of cases, jeopardizing public confidence in Science, as indicated below?

  1. Associated with the accepted concept of the expanding universe is the clearly impossible idea promulgated by Modern Science that, before the beginning of that event, all of the mass of the universe was compressed into a sphere not much larger than the size of a _marble_. This particular assertion is a touchstone that challenges the basic credibility of Science. How could something as preposterous as this idea be advanced and supported—and accepted? Especially when scientists do not even understand gravitation in the first place, and therefore its limits? How could such a compression, of the entire universe, with its billions of massive stars, have occurred from all directions to one impossibly tiny point? Obviously, if scientists were going to proclaim that the entire universe is expanding, they needed to include all of its mass originally within a format that would be consistent with total expansion. But was a marble-sized mass ultimately realistic, considering the extent of the universe? Once again, not understanding the nature of gravitation at all, how could they impute to it such an unbelievable compressing power? So how can scientists expect respect from the public following the serious presentation of such an idea? Why can't scientists simply say, "I don't understand yet," when the truth is that they do not?

Seriously complicating the enormity of this dubious claim is the failure of scientists to understand the fundamental nature of light. This is a failure readily generating the suspicion that the Doppler effect of light, upon which the idea of the expansion of the universe is based, is unreliable since light itself is a mystery. (Consider the discovery of the fundamental particles, which implies that the primary reason for the redshift of light from distant stars is a disintegration process, not a Doppler effect.) Yet scientists went ahead and concluded that a Doppler effect is operating on the light they do not understand and, based on that false step, announced that the universe is expanding.

  2. Related to the above impossibility is the claim that light is both a wave and a particle, according to the quantum theory, although obviously it cannot be both. Yet Science celebrates the idea that it is both! The truth is that Science has never understood light and still does not, notwithstanding the sudden addition of new motion. But Science went on to convert this ignorance into a supposedly new principle (complementarity)—instead of solving the problem of the nature of light! According to the Wikipedia article "Light," it is "electromagnetic radiation," but this is simply another example of the use of words without a truly comprehensible explanation, since neither electrical charge nor magnetism is understood by Science either. The claim of a "wave-particle duality" is a cover to camouflage the fact that Science does not understand one of the four most conspicuous phenomena of the universe—the others being motion, matter, and gravitation. The claim, of the "complementarity of light," although now generally accepted, will not generate confidence in Science among those who seriously think about the comprehensibility of light. Further, although Science accepts light as a phenomenon that can constructively and destructively interfere and therefore must be valid as a wave (when not a particle), it never ever tells the world what the nature of this phenomenon or wave is, or exactly what is happening during so called constructive and destructive interference. Is this acceptable Science? Ignorance of the nature of light is itself simply ignored, allowing incorrect ideas to thrive and confidence in Science to erode.
  3. According to currently accepted theory, mass is equal to energy. Not equivalent to energy, equal—the very same thing. But energy is never defined. How scientific is that? So, what exactly does Science say that mass/energy is? In fact, there's no explanation at all. The idea additionally comes from an equation—not reality. But that's just one reason that Science does not and cannot reveal an understanding of so called mass/energy. In keeping with this wildly impossible principle, that mass is identical to energy, Science claims that motion can be transformed into mass. This is as incredible as claiming that all the mass of the universe can be compressed into a volume about the size of a marble. No process is ever described whereby motion is transformed into matter. Is that surprising? The reason of course is that there is no such process and that the transformation does not occur.
  4. Another impossible idea related to the one that mass is equivalent to energy is that the energy in any mass is equal to that mass times the square of the speed of light. The magnitude of this figure is simply too great to be credible. And notice that this number is out of the blue—not related to any understandable mechanism or interaction. It's just stated, without an explanation. The discovery of the fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, explains the energy in mass for the first time. First, consider that the energy in mass has to be spinning, since it is inside mass, and cannot be linear. There is no other explanation, and never has been. And second, the fact that light can come from mass provides a very potent clue that motion at the speed of light is the basis of the energy in mass. There's no rationale to square this figure. And the quantity of energy is not even equal to mc, because only the exteriors of the spinning fundamental particles are spinning at the speed of light. The interiors are spinning at lesser speeds.
  5. The currently accepted theory of Modern Science, emerging from mathematics, is that gravity is a curve in space. No explanation is ever given by this theory of the source of the motion that is received in gravitation—and that we observe to occur. The related claim is that gravitation is not acceleration—but that, conveniently, it's _equivalent_ to acceleration! In other words, motion is received, as in acceleration, but this motion was never imparted. The new motion doesn't come from previously existing motion. It's incomprehensible that Science can dignify such an idea! The truth is that all received motion is imparted, and the motion received is exactly equal to the motion imparted. If this is not true, then Science should explain exactly how an exception can occur. However, the entire universe is based on this principle.
  6. Currently Science also allows the existence of virtual particles—particles that are not real but are used to explain reality. This is related to the fact that Science does not understand particle formation and acceleration, light, electrical charge, or any phenomena in which virtual particles are said by Modern Science to occur. With the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light, virtual particles are not needed. Nature can provide for itself. However Science obviously is diluting its credibility by permitting the use of imaginary particles when serious explanations—and accurate ones—are needed.
  7. A not as obvious impossibility accepted by Science is the idea of a black hole. However, the fundamental particles whose spinning motion exerts the motion of gravitation are exactly the same ones that recombine to form and accelerate particles of light. Therefore, if a star had enough gravitation to theoretically prevent light as particles from escaping, the recombination and acceleration processes would occur with a wonderful intensity, generating spectacular light. Keep in mind that the concept of the black hole is accepted by Modern Science when the natures of neither gravitation nor light are simultaneously understood, and Modern Science is unaware of either a particle formation or acceleration process.
  8. Another idea with a mixture of impossibilities accepted by Science is the neutron star. A typical star generates light because the disintegration process of its protons and electrons accumulates densities of fundamental particles, in which the recombination and acceleration processes occur to produce and accelerate light. But in a neutron star, without significant electrons and protons according to accepted theory, the possibility of the production of light would be extremely seriously diminished.

The spinning motion of the disintegrated fundamental particles, which become random, also is the heat of a star. The Wikipedia article "Neutron Star" states, "Neutron stars are very hot...." However, the concept of a neutron star by Science precludes the existence of much heat in it, because the normal disintegration of the electrons and protons of the star is seriously diminished.

The fundamental particles that exert the gravitation of any star appear essentially from the disintegration process of the protons of that star. So, in the current theory of a neutron star, with fewer protons where does all the gravity come from that so enormously compresses a star so that its electrons are forced into its protons to permit only neutrons to exist there? This is another mixture of impossibilities. (Incidentally, the idea of electrons joining protons to produce neutrons implies a recombination process that could have held great promise for correctly understanding the universe, had it been properly recognized and pursued. But Science ignored the implications of its own rationale.) Note that this is the third example of impossibilities involving the failure of Science to truly understand the nature of gravity and gravitation.

Finally, the concept of a neutron star developed from an attempt to understand supernovas without the realization of the existence of the fundamental disintegration process and its profound effect on the interiors of stars. Any star has limited size. But the disintegration process will continue in every star. Therefore novas and supernovas necessarily will occur in some stars.

  9. A final example of an attempt by Science to impose an impossibility on humanity is the modern effort to invalidate the importance of causality to reality and to understanding. In the book, _Atomic Theory and Human Knowledge_ , Niels Bohr wrote that quantum theory involves "...the necessity of a final renunciation of the classical ideal of causality and a radical revision of our entire attitude toward the problem of physical reality." It seems that the uncertainty principle of this theory requires the renunciation of causality because subatomic particles are small, as if causality suddenly becomes invalid because we are unable to witness its validity at that level. To confirm this idea, all any believing scientist has to do is convincingly explain how motion can ever—in even one single instance—be received without an equal quantity of motion being imparted. The spinning motion of the fundamental particles is the causal motion of the universe.

Actually, there's one more impossibility enunciated by Science, which I won't include in the above list, because it has not successfully been challenged for so long. And this is the idea that the electron is a fundamental or elementary particle—when something quite obviously is coming from it! The electron for this single reason alone could not be fundamental. This is the second most important mistake ever made by Modern Science, following the failure to define what is meant by energy. And now the discovery in these Letters that the electron is recombined of fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, by the recombination process, reveals that it is a composite particle. An analysis of all the contributions it makes to the universe and humanity by virtue of the spinning motion of its fundamental particles, released by the disintegration process, supports that determination. The concomitant realization that particles of light, also described by Science as fundamental, are identically recombined particles substantiates and strengthens this advance in understanding about electrons.

The universe is understandable, and it is understandable because it is a cause and effect universe. Cause and effect banishes impossibilities. The fundamental particles are the medium through which the cause and effect of the universe occurs. Their spinning motion is the causal motion of the universe.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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23   Readymade Clues to Light

Dear Human Being,

It's truly remarkable that there are so many forms of light, and Science doesn't yet know what they are. Science doesn't understand even one. These forms of light seem different, but in reality they are quite similar. They are made of the same fundamental particles and are combined and accelerated by the same processes. _The fundamental difference is that their combined particles are of different sizes_. The variations result primarily from variations in mass—not from differences in frequency and wavelength, as now claimed. The differences in frequency and wavelength originally emerge from differences in mass, which result from the recombination process and the quantity of fundamental particles available during recombination. The acceleration process then has corresponding effects.

Consider the twelve different categories of light:

microwave

infrared

red

orange

yellow

green

blue

indigo

violet

ultraviolet

gamma rays

cosmic rays

The main problem is that Science doesn't yet know WHERE these differing particles of light come from. Science doesn't yet know HOW these differing particles of light arrive into being. Truly significantly, Science simply doesn't YET know WHAT light is. But there are some important readymade clues to the nature of light. For example, the red shift of light traveling across the universe is an important one, and has already been mentioned briefly. It is in fact an overwhelmingly large clue, emerging from the universe in an infinity of directions and involving immeasurably large quantities of light on a continuing basis. _This phenomenon, the red shift, is obviously consistent with something being lost from light over distance._ (This is a distance redshift.) All of the light reaching the Earth from space has been reddened. (Although some light from relatively nearby includes a blue shift, even that blue light has been reddened or redshifted somewhat traveling across space.) In general terms, red light is less energetic than the blue light on the other end of the visible spectrum. This characteristic is consistent with less mass—each particle therefore possesses less total motion. A smaller but comparable readymade clue is the blue shift. This phenomenon is consistent with the idea that something was added to some of the light arriving at the Earth from somewhere else in the universe. In general terms, blue light is more energetic than the red light on the other end of the spectrum of visible light—because each particle, having more mass but traveling at the same speed, possesses more total motion.

Because the red shift of light traveling across the universe is consistent with a loss, it immediately suggests the occurrence of a disintegration process. Light in the universe that has experienced a blue shift suggests the opposite: an addition or a recombination process. Each of these processes provides a physically satisfactory explanation for the different energies of these categories of light reaching the Earth.

The current explanation by Science of these shifts is that they are Doppler effects, or light is construed as waves that are being "stretched" or "crowded" because the stars emitting them were either retreating or approaching. The main problem with this rationale is that scientists cannot even begin to explain just what it is that is being so stretched or crowded. They simply are unable to explain the substance or nature of light. A related problem is that light in other cases is construed as consisting of particles. At the same time, stars and galaxies have to be traveling at unsustainable speeds that are inexplicably steadily increasing to satisfy these interpretations. And further, the universe has to be expanding to satisfy these characteristics, and to have begun in what is called a big bang which also introduces huge explanation problems. There is no expansion and there was no big bang. The red shift is the result of the disintegration process of light. A blue shift is the result of the increased recombination of particles of light during the acceleration process because the star is moving in the same direction as the acceleration so that recombination has an advantage.

In fact, it has been suggested before that a different explanation of the red shift is that light becomes "tired" after traveling through space for inconceivably long periods of time. What is meant by "tiredness" has never been rationally clarified. This explanation however, with that major shortcoming, was very close to being correct. The needed clarification is that the "tiredness" is simply the mechanical certainty of a disintegration process in any light traveling toward its destination. The mechanical certainty of a disintegration process is the necessary immediate consequence of an originating recombination process for light. And incidentally, it is this originating recombination process that is ultimately responsible for the blue shift of light arriving from space—provided it occurs in the same direction that the light is initially being accelerated, as mentioned. (Recombination in the opposite direction would produce a red shift—a motion redshift.)

Another readymade clue to understanding light is the sequence of specific results that occur when an electron and a positron encounter each other. Two gamma rays instantly depart. One notable result is that the gamma rays depart at the speed of light. This means that the electron and the positron previously included something inside of themselves that possessed the speed of light. Since electrons and positrons are discrete particles and remain so as long as they continue to exist, the only phenomenon inside them that could possess the speed of light is smaller particles spinning at that speed. _This is the only possible explanation_. Linear motion is not a candidate. This conclusion hints at the mechanics of an earlier recombination process. And it immediately suggests not only the reason for the speed of light provided to gamma rays but also how the gamma rays could be accelerated or given the motion that they acquire. Therefore this phenomenon is also a strong clue to the existence of an acceleration process. And incidentally, the disappearance of the electron and positron in this transaction again suggests a disintegration process, and the appearance of the gamma rays again implies for the second time the existence of a recombination process. The rate of motion of electric current and the rate that electrons can be accelerated in particle accelerators substantiate the ideas that there are in electrons smaller particles spinning at the speed of light. The existence of an acceleration process by these spinning particles is also strongly suggested.

Convincing _scientific_ clues—not readymade—to these three processes of course are the acceleration of particles in particle accelerators, the disintegration of particles in particle accelerators, and the appearance of new particles in particle accelerators. The acceleration of particles has to be by an acceleration process. If new particles appear following the collisions of accelerated particles, then disintegration definitely occurs. And the new particles that appear following the collisions and disintegrations of particles indicate that a recombination process also unquestionably occurs.

Another especially simple or conspicuously ordinary clue to the nature of light is the mere appearance of a spark coincident with the striking together of two stones. Obviously a spark is light. It is just as much light as any other light. Because the spark is initiated by the collision of two stones, it's reasonable that disintegration occurs as a result of that collision. Compare this to the collisions and ensuing concluded disintegration in particle accelerators. And if disintegration is precedent to the appearance of light, then it's reasonable that a re-integration occurs to produce the observed light—or a recombination. The collision and the spark are intimately related by time and potentially disintegrating motion. Further, since the light of the spark has motion of its own, it's also reasonable that acceleration occurs to give it that motion.

To continue to try to understand the nature of light, ask yourself the simple question: What can move? Human beings have never known of anything that can move except matter. If any scientist claims that light is energy, or that energy can move, then the nature of energy that can move needs to be explained. But it never has been explained, for centuries. No explanation of any moving phenomenon other than matter has ever satisfactorily been given—or will ever be given—because only matter can move. Consequently, when light is moving, it is matter. And since light is matter and infinitely achieves sudden motion all over the universe, it is accelerated. It is necessarily accelerated by an acceleration process. And also since light is matter and infinitely appears again with changed information after striking or colliding with objects, it is reasonable that changes occur to light consistent with disintegration and recombination that incorporate the new information. The recombination and disintegration processes of light are also the reasons that particles of light, having different masses, possess different quantities of motion when traveling at the same speed and therefore can display significant differences in energy and be interpreted as different colors.

And finally, perhaps the biggest clue to the nature of light is simply its universal speed. Light all over the universe, including here on Earth, travels at just one rate. Since light can come from matter, where linear motion cannot occur, this universal speed means that light has to be accelerated by spinning particles—all spinning at the same speed. There is no other way that particles of light could receive their motion, and no other way to explain a universal speed. This idea of course is consistent with the acceleration in particle accelerators and the acceleration of gamma particles following the impact of an electron and a positron. _This explanation is also extremely reasonable_. Even further, this association of light with spinning particles goes on to suggest a formation process for particles of light. Spinning particles have the ability to act, and we know that attraction and adhesion do occur in the universe. This idea then is especially consistent with the idea of the red shift as a disintegration process (which must follow a formation process).

The nature of light can be understood by everyone, and it is surprising that it is still not understood by Modern Science. Because the nature of light including its speed is related to so many other basic phenomena, such as mass, gravity and gravitation, the atom and therefore chemistry, magnetism, and electricity, the related problems of this deficiency are immense. However, there are many especially compelling readymade and scientific clues to the nature of this fascinating phenomenon affecting every human being intimately every minute of his and her life. Its nature is also reminiscent of human nature. The fundamental particles and processes are the same.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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24   Light Matter

Dear Human Being,

Current Science states that somewhere out in space there exists a phenomenon known as Dark Matter, which has been imagined there to explain the also fictional Dark Energy supposed to be responsible for the acceleration of the expansion of the universe. However neither concept is correct. The universe is not expanding, as discussed, therefore no expansion is accelerating, and the reason for these errors ultimately is the failure by these scientists to understand the disintegration process of light (and all other recombined particles), which emerges as a red shift. The farther away the origin of the light, the greater the disintegration of those particles when they arrive and therefore the more pronounced the red shift. These scientists simultaneously do not understand the acceleration process of light and the dramatically important discovery that light is made of fundamental particles of matter. Therefore light is a form of matter.

Consequently, because Current Science does not understand light—its recombination, acceleration, and disintegration processes and that it is made of matter—these scientists have simply fabricated Dark Matter out of misunderstanding to explain a non-phenomenon, misleading the public, and they have almost completely missed what in contrast we could, if we so wished, call Light Matter—because light is really made of matter. They missed Light Matter and incorrectly imagined Dark Matter. They further assert both that light is energy and that it may occur in waves—neither of which is true.

Speaking of truth, however, in reality there does exist something which could be called Dark Matter, although it's not what Current Science has designated by this term.

Because light and other particles of matter are disintegrating abundantly throughout the universe, the fundamental particles are ubiquitous throughout all of space. They constitute a presence in space never known before but which has always been present. For example, in addition to the fundamental particles disintegrated by light, the fundamental particles that impart the motion of gravity are everywhere throughout the universe. Since these fundamental particles, although especially numerous, are so widely distributed that they do not occur in quantities sufficient to recombine or accelerate new particles of light, they could be called Dark Matter. Two other comparable examples are the fundamental particles in space responsible for electrical charge and magnetism. Another is the independent fundamental particles in space whose random spinning motion is actual heat. But this is an entirely different kind of Dark Matter.

And it should be kept in mind that the concept of Dark Matter is essentially dubious. For example, all of the light in the universe is essentially Dark Matter until it engages the eye of a living being—and most of it never does. Also, the matter inside protons and within the interiors of other reasonably stable recombined particles does not develop light for long periods and therefore legitimately could also be called Dark Matter for most of their existence. Additionally, categorizing the individual fundamental particles so prevalent throughout space as Dark Matter disguises their potent light-making capabilities which are eventually re-activated as they sooner or later collide with the trillions of stars patiently waiting to convert them again into what could half-seriously be called Light Matter.

Until then, these fundamental particles are simply part of the interesting Weather of the Universe. In both summer and winter, imagine the interesting but previously unknown weather in the space around you.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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25   Lost Centuries

Dear Human Being,

It's possible to understand light even a little better. The fact that the recombination process creates particles of light of many different sizes clarifies what is now called interference. This phenomenon actually occurs because the atoms and electrons of air close to an object or slit become aligned into bands by the emitted fundamental particles of the atoms and electrons of the surrounded object or slit. These bands then deflect approaching light, and the alignments of the bands are repeated in the patterns of the deflected light on a screen. In particular, the reason that colors may be observed is that white light usually consists of particles of light of different sizes, and these will be deflected to different distances. Red light will be deflected more, blue light less, and so on.

This is the explanation of the interference patterns of light whether they occur from a single edge, a single slit, double slits, or from any other arrangement.

The observed bands are never correctly explained by constructive and destructive interference, as was claimed for a couple of centuries, because light is not a wave. Particles of light cannot cancel each other out, although they can arrive in greater quantities at different locations, and they can fail to arrive at certain locations. As previously stated and explained, because of the recombination and acceleration processes, particles of light simply have repeating measureable characteristics reminiscent of wavelength and frequency. But they are particles of matter.

Another aspect of light that can be clarified is the rationale given for the photoelectric effect. Einstein stated in his 1905 paper on the subject, as quoted in the book Project Physics by Rutherford, Holton, and Watson:

... According to the idea that the incident light consists of quanta with energy hf, the ejection of cathode rays by light can be understood in the following way. Energy quanta penetrate the surface layer of the body, and their energy is converted, at least in part, into kinetic energy of electrons. The simplest picture is that a light quantum gives up all its energy to a single electron; we shall assume that this happens.

Einstein uses the phrase "energy quanta" to describe light—meaning that light is quanta of pure energy. This is not true. Light is matter in motion with interior and exterior spinning motion as well. In fact he doesn't say at all what the energy of light is, nor does he have any idea how light is initially accelerated to receive its kinetic energy if it is just energy. He goes on to state that this "energy" is "converted" into the kinetic energy of electrons, but he doesn't mention at all how the undifferentiated energy of energy quanta can possibly interact with the mass of electrons. He doesn't explain at all how that can happen, although it's an extremely important point if his paper and ideas are meant to clarify and edify. (Einstein consistently omits the processes of phenomena he is claiming to describe. Processes do not emerge from mathematics.) And finally, by including the statement that "a light quantum gives up all its energy to a single electron," he demonstrates that he has no idea at all of how a particle of light is constructed. In fact, a particle of light, being both recombined of spinning particles and accelerated, has both interior and exterior spinning energy as well as linear exterior energy. The truth is that Einstein did not satisfactorily explain the photoelectric effect. He implied without explanation that particles of light can act like mass, but he never came even close to the details of the actual truth. He described them as essentially quanta of energy, not particles of mass. At the same time, following Einstein's paper on the photoelectric effect, light continued to be accepted as a wave by the scientific community and therefore the public. After more than 100 years, however, these deficiencies at last can be overcome.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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26   The Up Color

Dear Human Being,

As you may know, scientists explain that the sky is blue because of something called _scattering_. They say that blue light from the sun is scattered more than light of other colors and therefore pervades the sky with the likeable color that we see up there most of the day. This explanation began to emerge in the later 1800's.

But consider this: Scientists accepted this explanation without any knowledge of the recombination process which is the particle formation process of particles of light. They also arrived at and accepted this rationale without a knowledge of the disintegration process and especially the variation of this process here called electron proximity disintegration. And, of course, they were unaware of the third fundamental process, the acceleration process, which gives particles of light their linear motion to the speed of light and allows them to travel to your eyes and indicate a color. Finally, and importantly, they didn't construe particles of light at all as composite particles consisting of matter. They still do not. Current Science explains the universe without the three fundamental processes of the universe, does not understand color, and has no explanation at all for the speed of light.

It's somewhat understandable—although not acceptable—that scientists reached their conclusion about the color of the sky based on the scattering concept without this additional fundamental knowledge. It would have been better, however, for scientists to insist beforehand on identifying with compelling clarity the nature of light and the intimately related explanation of color.

Color, as explained, is the brain's interpretation of the quantity of linear motion imparted by each particle of light according to its specific mass. Smaller particles, with less linear motion to impart, are interpreted as red, larger particles with slightly more linear motion to impart are interpreted as orange, and so on, with the largest particles interpreted as the color indigo because of the greater quantity of linear motion they impart to sensory surfaces. This interpretation of motion as color by the human brain is profoundly important to the quality and survival of human life.

When particles of light strike objects, they accelerate the electrons embedded in the structures there toward each other. Electron proximity disintegration occurs, freeing additional fundamental particles, which are then recombined into new particles of light and accelerated outwardly by the same freed fundamental particles. The masses (colors) and the patterns of the particles of light then received by interested eyes provide vital information about the original structures from which that new light was accelerated. This is the nature of the usefulness of vision. The usefulness of vision for human beings depends DIRECTLY on the recombination process, as all particles do.

This is the fundamental sequence resulting in the universally perceived color of the sky by human beings. This is also the reason that the color of liquid oxygen is pale blue (see the Wikipedia article, "Liquid Oxygen"). This compelling parallel is not just a happenstance coincidence. Moreover, this is also the reason that water is frequently described as blue. Once again—not a coincidence! Fundamental mechanisms leading to the interpretation of color are occurring in each case. Current Science is unaware of these mechanisms. (Liquid nitrogen is colorless—see the Wikipedia article.)

I predict that eventually this new explanation will prevail as the appropriate rationale for the color of our sky. The truth should prevail. In the meantime, the reception by Science of these newly introduced processes in Letters like this should be very interesting. (The normal reception of a new scientific idea is non-acceptance at first.)

Succinctly speaking, the blue color of the sky results from the recombination and acceleration of new particles of light consistent with the color blue following electron proximity disintegration initiated by particles of light from the sun striking the electrons of air. Those processes are going on above us continuously during the day! It's pretty active up there!

Looking up,  
A Human Being

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27   Inside Fire

Dear Human Being,

For the first time in human history, it's possible for human beings to understand the intricate mechanics inside fire. It took this long. After so many centuries, think of what that idea means.

The three fundamental processes of the universe are both directly and indirectly responsible for fire.

First is the attractive acceleration process. Recall that attraction is possible in the universe only by particles that move in one direction while spinning in the opposite direction. Oxygen by this method is especially able to attract the electrons of nearby elements toward its own electrons. The electrons that come the most easily, those of hydrogen, make the largest contribution to fire. (This fact occurs in a magnified form during the ignition of gasoline and other similar products. It also occurs significantly rapidly during the combustion of paper, wood, and coal. Look at their molecular structures and notice the hydrogen.)

The second fundamental process of fire is electron proximity disintegration. The electrons involved are already disintegrating by the normal disintegration process. All that is needed is a certain extra quantity of random fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, to make the electrons of the flammable material more available. This is what is known as igniting a fire. When, in addition, both sets of electrons are close enough to each other as a result of the attraction by oxygen, the disintegration processes of these electrons disengage even more fundamental particles from themselves. These disengaged fundamental particles become random. Their spinning motion constitutes more heat. This sequence then continues. This is the source of the heat of fire which greatly increases as more and more fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, are set free. Some of these disengage even more fundamental particles from the involved electrons. Their spinning motion is the reason for the destruction of fire as they introduce the acceleration process a second time. (Current Science, without a knowledge of the acceleration process and the fundamental spinning motion at the speed of light, is at a loss to adequately explain the destruction of fire.)

The fundamental particles also possess the ability to recombine particles larger than themselves. When in sufficient quantities in fire, the disengaged fundamental particles recombine particles of light. The recombination process is the third fundamental process that occurs in fire. It explains how particles of light are produced in fire. Also keep in mind that the restorative recombination process unquestionably re-adds fundamental particles to larger particles during the chaos.

As mentioned twice, the fundamental particles of the universe are also able to accelerate or to impart motion by the acceleration process. The recombined particles of light receive acceleration to the speed of light from disengaged fundamental particles. This is a third occurrence of this process during fire. It explains the motion of particles of light away from fire. It explains why light from fire comes to us.

These are the three fundamental processes that equal fire. As you can see, they explain the destruction of fire, the heat of fire, and the light of fire. They also explain the importance of oxygen to fire. Further, they indicate why fire stops when it does—and also why it begins. The new definition of heat, as first explained in _Letters to a Human Being_ , is: the spinning motion, at the speed of light, of the fundamental particles of the universe, when they are random. This heat can destabilize the patterns of electrons enough for oxidation to begin in the first place, as mentioned. This is even another example of the acceleration process in fire. This is why fire or heat can be used to start a fire. When oxidation begins to release additional fundamental particles and therefore its own heat, fire becomes a chain reaction as long as electron proximity disintegration can continue to occur.

Keep in mind that the original recombination process, that much earlier recombined the electrons and the nuclei of the elements involved in fire, including both oxygen and the combustible elements, contributes significantly to the opportunity for a fire to occur. There is simply a separation in time.

This is what happens in fire. In the history of Humanity, how many fires had to occur before this understanding was able to emerge—for the first time? This is a historic explanation affecting every human being.

Finally, notice that the explosions inside automobile engines, setting sufficient motion free to move them to selected destinations, and the far more momentous explosions in products such as dynamite, are simply extensions of the activities in fire. These activities demonstrate the tremendous motion possessed by the fundamental particles of matter. They are concentrated or exaggerated uses of electron proximity disintegration to exploit the stored motion that can become available. Stored motion is subject to being released at different rates. Imagine the quantity of motion being set free to move your car down the highway for many miles.

Fire is, in fact, at approximately the mid-range of the contributions to the universe and Humanity made possible by the versatility of electron proximity disintegration.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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28   The Revolution of Heat

Dear Human Being,

The following sentence, near the beginning of the article on "Heat" in Wikipedia, demonstrates how wrong Modern Science is about the fundamental nature of the universe:

"Heat refers to a process of transfer between two systems, the system of interest, and its surroundings considered as a system, not to a state or property of a single system."

In fact, heat is not at all a "transfer." And in direct contradiction to this statement, heat in fact IS a "state or property of a single system." It refers to the existence within a system of the spinning motion of a quantity of random fundamental particles. The spinning motion of more of these random particles is more heat. Less of this spinning motion is less heat. Heat is the spinning motion of these random fundamental particles. The number of these random spinning particles within a system is an indication of the quantity of heat present. This description represents a revolution in understanding of one of the fundamental phenomena of the universe: heat.

The discovery of the three fundamental processes of the universe reveals that heat is the spinning motion, at the speed of light, of the fundamental particles, _when they are uncombined and random_. This is why heat appears simultaneously with the impact of particles of light. This is why heat appears simultaneously with the impact of electrons on targets. This is why heat appears in engines simultaneously with the disintegration of electrons in electron proximity disintegration caused by the oxidation of fuel. Therefore heat categorically is "a state or property of a single system" because it is the spinning motion of the random spinning fundamental particles present within that system. This is also why heat is measurable, because the quantities of this spinning motion and of these spinning particles can potentially be described by concrete numbers. Recall that these random fundamental particles have the ability to recombine particles of light and other particles of mass. _Recall also that the rate of spinning motion of these random fundamental particles is the reason for and the physical origin of the speed of light_. And recall finally that this spinning motion is the actual mechanism that physically accelerates particles of light across the universe. (It is also the accelerating motion of the movements of life.)

Even further, the understanding of heat as the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, when these particles are uncombined and random, explains clearly the relationships between the temperature and volume, and the pressure and volume, of gases.

Calling heat a "transfer" is totally erroneous—just plain wrong. Heat is the spinning motion of the random fundamental particles present within a system—to be considered separately from any flow of these particles away from or into the system.

In the same Wikipedia article, not far from the above referenced sentence, appears the following different definition of heat:

"Kinetic theory explains heat as a macroscopic manifestation of the motions and interactions of microscopic constituents such as molecules and photons."

Notice that this definition or conceptualization of heat is closer to being correct than the previous one because it emphasizes individual motions. However, it is still quite far from correct. It does not mention spinning motion, it does not mention the speed of light, and it does not mention the abilities to both recombine and accelerate other particles such as particles of light. It confuses the spinning motion of the fundamental particles with the "motions and interactions" of other "constituents such as molecules and photons." In other words it still misses completely the fundamental nature of heat, including the reasons for its often sudden appearance and its disappearance.

If Modern Science has stumbled so badly in its attempt to understand and explain heat and unite it with other concepts, the quality of other explanations by Modern Science is obviously in jeopardy. In fact most of them do fall apart because of the failure to think fundamentally especially during the last 100 years.

This is why a new Scientific Revolution is unavoidable. It's already here—in these Letters.

Fundamentally,  
A Human Being

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29   At Last, It's Time to Know.

Dear Human Being,

It seems that the current concept of heat was originated by Bernoulli when he first introduced the kinetic theory of gases. The following statement can be found in the Wikipedia article "Kinetic Theory":

"In 1738 Daniel Bernoulli published Hydrodynamica, which laid the basis for the kinetic theory of gases. In this work, Bernoulli posited the argument, still used to this day, that gases consist of great numbers of molecules moving in all directions, that their impact on a surface causes the gas pressure that we feel, and that what we experience as heat is simply the kinetic energy of their motion."

But the real question is, Where does their motion come from? The real reason for the motion of these molecules in all directions is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles constantly released from protons and electrons in such abundance by the disintegration process. Their spinning motion at the speed of light is the reason for the term "kinetic" in the name of this theory. It's interesting to note that Science has continued for over 275 years without an increase in fundamental knowledge—without an elucidation of the source of the "kinetic energy" in the kinetic energy of gases—the source which is even now unknown to Science—or an improvement in the understanding of the nature of heat.

Bernoulli's limited definition of heat is still approximately the current understanding by Science of the phenomenon of heat. This definition of heat by Bernoulli is completely unable to explain the intimate interrelationship between heat and light, so clearly and compellingly described by the actions of the fundamental particles in these Letters, and equally the presence of the speed of light in the transaction, especially when the theory under consideration is deemed "kinetic." It further cannot reveal how heat, in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics, can travel with such extreme facility, so effortlessly, from one system to another. The revelation of heat as the spinning motion, at the speed of light, of the fundamental particles when they are individual and random, helps to explicate why the subject of "heat transfer" is of such interest to scientists and essentially to all people, given the importance of heat to human comfort and survival as well as to technology. Heat has its own extremely efficient method of travel. It has its own motion.

The Wikipedia article "Heat" also includes the idea that heat is transferred energy "other than as work or by transfer of matter." What is the nature of this profoundly important "energy" that can be transferred without matter? In fact this type of transfer is never possible.

Humanity has been reacting to temperature on the Earth as long as we have been here on its surface. The present is a good time to find out at last what heat really is—and this is part of learning for the first time what we are, since heat is such an important part of a human being. And speaking of time, remember that heat is also intimately related to the nature of Time itself by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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30   Unknown Showers

Dear Human Being,

There's a weather phenomenon of the Earth that has always been unknown. It's a shower that occurs every day, all day long. To a far less degree, it continues throughout each night. It's happening now.

Particles of light are recombined and accelerated particles, and ALL recombined particles immediately begin to disintegrate by the normal disintegration process following their recombination. Therefore ALL particles of light approaching the Earth, and even passing over and near the Earth, are disintegrating or emitting fundamental particles. These particles from light are not emitted in effective patterns, such as those in electrical charge and magnetism, and so they are random. Many of them emitted from particles of light descend down to the earth in a shower.

Heat is the spinning motion, at the speed of light, of the fundamental particles of the universe, when these fundamental particles are random. Consequently this shower—this heat shower— from the light of the sun is sprinkled onto the Earth every day. At night a lesser sprinkle continues from random unseen light. With appropriately sensitive instruments, eventually it will be possible to detect this shower, or these two showers

We receive a primary shower of light every day from the sun. We also receive a secondary shower of heat. And then a tertiary shower of heat at night.

Incidentally, the recombined particles of the atoms that constitute air also steadily disintegrate, and these disintegrated fundamental particles also eventually become random in the chaos of air and other activity above the Earth, so that their spinning motion is heat too. Therefore the particles of air essentially drop a continuous shower on us too—of heat. And this shower also falls on us during the night. This shower continues to fall on us in our bedrooms. It also continues in all the other rooms too, even when no one is there.

The Earth sends us even another shower of fundamental particles from its recombined particles. This is an upsidedown shower that we call gravity. However some of the fundamental particles coming up from the Earth also become random, so that there's a little shower of upsidedown heat too.

The objects of Earth also send out their own smaller showers in all directions—some of it lateral—that become heat. These showers in some cases may be relatively large, as from trees and buildings.

Whenever you are talking to someone, both of you are simultaneously taking many showers. And it may even be raining.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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31   Incomparable Residence

Dear Human Being,

In Einstein's theory of gravity, now accepted by Science, not a single identifiable physical process is mentioned. There's nothing about how space could physically curve, or about how curved space could provide motion if it could curve—which it cannot, since space is nothing. Mathematically superimposing time and space onto geometry does not have any effect at all upon time, space, or gravity. Inscribing a curve on paper and calling it either Time or Space or both doesn't tell you anything at all about either. All you actually have is paper, marks that are curves, and equations—no understanding. This is why relativity has never been understood—there is nothing physical to understand. Gravity remains a physical phenomenon that human beings need to understand in terms of real particles and motion—not incidental marks on paper.

The actual processes of gravity became physically identifiable by the discovery of the fundamental particles which possess the necessary motion for gravity to be a successful part of the universe. Gravity is initiated by the disintegration process. In fact, gravity, electrical charge, and magnetism are all three initiated by the disintegration process (this is another unification). The disintegration process means that the fundamental particles, which are spinning at the speed of light, are separated from their recombined particles and sent into space by this spinning motion. (In gravity, they are separated from protons. In electrical charge and magnetism, they are separated from electrons and protons. Recall that this separation also depends on acceleration, as do the recombination and acceleration processes. However, the three different names are used to emphasize the different functions of the three identifiable fundamental processes.)

Gravity, then, depends directly on two fundamental processes. (Ultimately, of course, it depends on all three fundamental processes, since particles must be recombined before they can disintegrate.) These two processes are the disintegration process, just indicated, which separates the spinning fundamental particles and sends them into space in patterns, and the acceleration process, which occurs when the released spinning fundamental particles actually impart the motion of gravitation—the motion that we see when gravity suddenly acts and the downward motion of gravitation suddenly becomes noticeable. When we see this downward motion, we are seeing the actual motion that spinning particles just possessed.

Imagine, then, the space of the solar system at any time as it really is. At any moment of the night or day, it is filled with the quantity of spinning fundamental particles capable of maintaining the structure of the solar system. This is a huge quantity. Going by Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are enough spinning fundamental particles capable of sustaining Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Pluto, Eris and the comets in their orbits. Try to imagine enough of these particles sufficient to sustain just Jupiter—incredibly substantial—and then add all the rest. This is a realistic and meaningful thought experiment available to everyone! And remember: you too are part of the structure of the solar system.

You've never been asked to do this before—to imagine the solar system in this way——because gravity and gravitation have never been understood before. But they are now! And the solar system is different from the way anyone has ever imagined it before.

In addition, since we are imagining this dramatic reality in space, imagine also all of the fundamental particles continuously disintegrating from all of the planets that are capable of holding their moons—and, in the cases of Saturn and Uranus, their spectacular rings—in orbits around themselves.

This is the dramatic spectacle in which we live. And you are just being asked to imagine the fundamental particles of gravity. Suppose you were also imagining, at the same time, all of the fundamental particles in space involved in heat, electrical charge, magnetism—plus all of the particles of light of many different sizes radiating from the sun—and all of the fundamental particles being emitted from these particles of light.

This is your heritage. And the surrounding universe is continuously adding more contributions too, to the space of the solar system: fundamental particles from different gravities, and the residual particles of light from visible and invisible stars, all arriving from all directions at all times and simultaneously disintegrating as they do.

Consider all of these decorations constructing and beautifying your incomparable residence.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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32   All the Down Work

Dear Human Being,

Do you have any idea how hard gravity works for you 100 per cent of the time? Gravity is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles of the universe, emitted in patterns from the protons of the mass of a body, such as a planet or a star. It has the ability to attractively accelerate the electrons it encounters. (Electrons then concomitantly accelerate nuclei along with themselves.) This is why all bodies "fall" at the same rate. All electrons are separate and are encountered separately.

These spinning particles impart motion that attracts you—every part of your body—to the Earth every second. The same is true of every other human being and creature. Notice that this is the most specific and most understandable explanation of gravity ever. It is extremely reasonable.

Every object in your house remains steadily at its location because of the spinning motion of these particles—your furniture, your rugs, your pictures, your vases, your magazines, your appliances, and whatever other moveable objects are present. They are acted upon every millisecond of every day to keep them in place. Otherwise they wouldn't stay there.

If you are a woman, your hair is similarly kept from rising up above your head and moving erratically about as you walk. Imagine how you would look without this help! This isn't offered as a critical idea—you might like the look and it might even be fun! (Imagine all women walking around like this! But unfortunately they couldn't walk around at all without gravity.)

Your car is safely maintained on the streets and highways—in the proper lanes—by the same phenomenon.

Leaves and the branches of trees fall to the Earth instead of floating around in the air everywhere and away into space. Trees can be cut down for various purposes because they stay where they land instead of dangerously drifting around here and there without gravity.

Rocks and dirt are kept down where we think they belong and out of the way, by the same attractive spinning motion of these fundamental particles.

Boats can navigate on the oceans and rivers instead of sailing out of control into space. The oceans and rivers and lakes themselves don't sail away. The air remains to be breathed and permit sound and allow weather, because of the attractive spinning motion of these disintegrated fundamental particles.

The fundamental particles that impart the downward motion of gravity work extremely hard for us every day and throughout each night, and so far we've never given them a thought, because so far they've been unknown. Although they are everywhere, Humanity didn't know they were there. But now they are known. They are around us at all times, rising up through us and beside us, rising through our houses, up from our yards, up from everyone else's houses and yards and their fields, and so on. They're there. If we go somewhere, they'll be there for us. They're going through you right now, and everyone else. Some of them encounter your body, many do not. They're always working hard. They never stop working hard. They continue to help Humanity, making us possible and keeping us here. They'll be here tomorrow. And the day after that. And the day after that.

Thanks, Gravity.

Gravitationally assisted,  
A Human Being

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33   The Simplest of Ideas

Dear Human Being,

Magic has no place in the search for human understanding.

Unfortunately, at this late date, it's STILL necessary to state that magic is inappropriate in Science. Clearly no physical theory should be accepted unless it explains EXACTLY the SOURCE of motion in a system and how it is imparted. Each of the relativity theories includes MAGIC. _They NEVER should have been accepted as Official Science_.

Consider: The special theory of relativity states that the motion of mass is converted into mass without CLEARLY DESCRIBING a particle formation process or any process at all. This is MAGIC. This theory also states that time is flexible by relating it to motion without identifying the fundamental basis of time in the universe or explaining the nature of time (which depends on the spinning motion of the fundamental particles still unknown to Science). The variability of the rate of time in the theory of relativity is a MAGICAL idea that is inconsistent with the particle structure of the universe. The fundamental understanding of time emerges only from the fundamental nature of the universe which must include an explanation of its original or causal motion, its particle formation process, its mechanism for releasing motion, its mechanism for imparting motion, and a convincing explanation of the reason for the linear speed of light and its universality. None of these is explained by either theory of relativity. Time in reality is related directly to the disintegration process which occurs uniformly from each of the recombined particles.

Secondly, the general theory of relativity states that gravitation is not acceleration but is EQUIVALENT to acceleration without revealing HOW this unification or coincidence might be possible. This idea is not only MAGICAL, it must be characterized as completely ridiculous. It's as ridiculous as the idea of the curvature of space—in other words, the curvature of nothing—another MAGICAL idea. Lots of MAGIC occurs on paper—but never in REALITY!

The acceptance of these theories by Science without adequate understanding was irresponsible. It was actually worse than irresponsible. The word _irresponsible_ is not quite strong enough. One dubiously palliating factor of this notorious acceptance was the idea, generally broadcast worldwide, that only Einstein and a very few others were able to understand the hidden characteristics of space and time implied by the theories. _But that definitely was not the case:_ Neither Einstein nor anyone else understood any physical interactions that could justify these theories because these occult interactions cannot exist and never did exist. These theories are illogical and physically impossible. They are mathematical only, and cannot ever reveal hidden explanatory physical interactions because they ignore and distort the contributions of fundamental motion and the characteristics of the fundamental particles to the universe. Humanity should have been spared this past 100 years and more of this MAGICAL OBFUSCATION. During this time human beings deserved, and they continue to deserve, a better understanding of the context of their lives. It was (more than) irresponsible and incredible for the scientific community to accept these theories as valid.

Because of the two relativity theories—and the quantum theory especially because of the attempt by its proponents to delegitimize causality—the last 100 years have been the modern Dark Ages of Science in terms of _understanding_ the universe. This is related to the characterization often offered that the quantum world is bizarre. No theory can be correct without a basis of perfect causality. Try to conceive of reality without perfect causality. This means trying to conceive of reality without the imparting of motion. This means trying to conceive of reality in which the motion received is not exactly equal to the motion imparted. Try.

The above principle is the foundation of the universe—including Humanity—and any understanding of the universe.

It is also the simplest of ideas.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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34   Painless Gravity

Dear Human Being,

Remember that I said it is impossible to truly understand just a little? What I mean is that if you understand anything _truly_ , you understand it at the fundamental level. That's what I mean by _truly_. And if you have that understanding, you can apply it universally. You know about the fundamental particles, their fundamental motion, and their three fundamental abilities which explain the phenomena of the universe that we are, that we observe, and that we cannot observe but still desire to understand. To truly understand means to understand generally.

Surely you've heard about the attempts to discover a unified field theory and a theory of everything. The idea of a unified field theory involves a misunderstanding of the nature of a field. A field suggests uninterrupted continuity. The fundamental particles are individual and therefore are an interrupted phenomenon, although they do operate in patterns except when random and their spinning motion is heat.

As for a theory of everything, the lack of success by Science so far is the reason you have never heard of the idea of an intimate relationship between gravity and pain—until you arrived here. In fact the basis of both is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles. Pain is the recognition by a living body of the importance and perhaps danger of the presence of too many fundamental particles in one location. This is because the fundamental particles obviously become more and more potent as their quantity increases in one place. The fundamental particles are also the underlying mechanism of the sense of touch, which depends for communication on the spinning motion of the fundamental particles. The ability to accelerate is a basis for communication. Gravitation and pain (and the sensation of touch) are intimately related. The basis of each is the acceleration process of the fundamental particles which possess spinning motion. The one of pain notifies the brain. The determination of pain depends on the density of the fundamental particles present. Gravity is not painful because the density of arriving fundamental particles is not dangerous to living tissue. Their arrival is usefully distributed.

Similarly, the lack of success so far by Science of finding a theory of everything is the reason that you have never heard of an intimate relationship between gravity and vision—until you arrived here. As explained, the spinning motion of the fundamental particles imparts the motion of gravitation, and the spinning motion of the fundamental particles both recombines and accelerates particles of light of different sizes, which then impart patterns of motion during vision which is interpreted as the universe by human beings and other creatures. Gravitation and vision are intimately related. Notice that each has an acceleration process. Notice that each involves the recombining of bodies of mass.

These are just two especially conspicuous examples of types of relationships that should be clarified by a theory of everything. The fundamental particles with their spinning motion and three processes have been shown to relate all phenomena with spectacular success. None are excluded.

This is a genuine theory of everything.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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35   Meet Magnetism

Dear Human Being,

Scientists and thinkers have been trying for centuries to understand magnetism, without success. The first sentence of the current Wikipedia article is, "Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields." Notice the circularity of describing magnetism in terms of "magnetic fields." And current Science does not know—is unable to explain—the operational nature of any field, such as an electrical, magnetic, or gravitational field. "Field" is in fact a metaphor, and a misleading one. Every scientific "field" consists of fundamental particles either in a regular pattern or random. However, the article does not state that attraction must depend on the motion of spinning particles—an idea not currently perceived by Science. Nor does it anywhere mention that the motion imparted by magnetism is imparted by the spinning motion of fundamental particles (which also, by the recombination process, constitute electrons, protons, neutrons, and particles of light). Recall that according to Current Science, the electron is an elementary or fundamental particle. This conclusion alone prevents Science from explaining the magnetism (and electrical charge) leaving electrons—and therefore from protons. In the final analysis, the article does not provide to the reader an understanding of the nature of magnetism—or even a clue to its nature. (This is no fault of Wikipedia, a great encyclopedia.)

So let's understand magnetism better.

The motion of magnetism is imparted by the fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light (that, by the recombination process, constitute electrons, protons, neutrons, and particles of light). A careful analysis of the events in particle accelerators and of basic experiments of electrical charge reveals that electrons, protons, neutrons, and particles of light consist of these fundamental particles. Consequently an explanation of magnetism automatically emerges from these observations.

So how does magnetism occur—more specifically?

The easiest way to understand magnetism is to first consider the electromagnet. If an electric wire is coiled around a rod of iron, why does it become an electromagnet? Electrons repel each other by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles they disintegrate, which are incompatible with the spinning patterns of the surface spinning patterns of the electrons that disintegrate them. _Therefore, the electrons in the iron rod are accelerated to the end of the rod in the direction that the electric current is moving._ Once an accumulation of electrons occurs there, the combined spinning motion of the fundamental particles they disintegrate represents the magnetic ability at that end of the rod. With fewer electrons at the other end, the magnetic ability of that end is dominated by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles disintegrated by the protons at that end. This explains the polar oppositeness of the iron rod as well as the magnetism that has developed. This is also why the iron rod will retain its magnetism for a period of time after its removal from the coils carrying electric current. It takes time for the normal electron structure of the rod to be reestablished.

Why does magnetism occur so readily to iron? Look at the atomic structure of iron: 2-8-14-2. Look at that third shell of 14 electrons. A completed third shell will eventually include 18 electrons. Notice that 14 electrons is six electrons away from eight and four electrons away from 18. The number 14 is almost in the middle of these numbers, and so represents the least stable of these shells—and in fact the number 14 represents a definite instability in the number of electrons in its shell. To test this extremely reasonable rationale, look at the electronic configuration of gadolinium, which is the most magnetic of the elements: 2-8-18-25-9-2. Notice that it has two unstable shells, one after the other. The fifth shell is slightly unstable, with nine electrons—one more than a stable shell of eight electrons. Now examine the fourth shell with 25 electrons. This shell is the main reason for gadolinium's excessive magnetism. The number 25 is seven electrons from the last stable shell of 18 electrons, and seven electrons from the next stable shell of 32 electrons. It is the farthest in both cases from a stable set of electrons, and so occupies a shell of unquestionably weakened stability, worsened by the slight instability of the set of nine electrons in the fifth shell which exacerbates the effect by being just next door. Those 25 electrons in the fourth shell constitute a large potential for the development of magnetism. Its unstable shell contains 11 additional electrons more than the single unstable shell of iron.

This rather basic structural analysis of gadolinium supports the explanation of magnetism of iron.

What happens is that the instabilities of the electrons of these unstable shells permit their electrons to leave their locations or to travel when exposed to the spinning motion of fundamental particles. This is why a magnet is able to temporarily magnetize a piece of iron. It temporarily rearranges the electrons of the piece of iron. This is how a piece of metal can become a permanent magnet. Electrons are moved to different locations, which are resistant to normalization. And this is exactly why a wire carrying electric current can cause an iron core to become an electromagnet. It moves electrons and keeps them relocated as long as the current is on. The spinning fundamental particles emitted by the electrons of the electric current are able to cause electrons of the iron core to travel toward one end of the core, causing it to become magnetic because of its concentration of electrons. The departure of these electrons in turn causes the magnetic effects of the protons of the other end, which emit spinning fundamental particles, to become more pronounced, so that that end is also magnetic but with a magnetism that is the reverse of the other end. This rationale also explains why elements like cobalt and nickel are similarly magnetic but less so than iron.

Now consider the explanation of magnetism of Modern Science. As is the case with electrical charge, photons are said to impart the motion of magnetism. But as in that case, there is also no way to explain how attraction can occur. The current explanation of magnetism by Science also contains no description of how photons, or particles of light, can come into existence inside a magnet or how they are accelerated to the speed of light inside a magnet. Further, light is also construed by Science to be pure energy, so in addition to the failure to convincingly state what this pure energy is, there is no proposal to explain how this energy can interact with matter to provide the motion imparted by magnetism. This is a seriously failed rationale.

This is essentially the first ever accurate description of magnetism, after centuries of trying to understand the interactions occurring in the interiors and around the exteriors of magnets. This description unifies the explanation of magnetism with the explanations of electrical charge, gravitation, light, heat, particle formation, atoms, molecules, bodies of mass, stars, galaxies, and life. This is a profound unity, and we are all in it.

Meet magnetism for the first time.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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36   A Monument to the Universe

Dear Human Being,

This may sound a little silly. But perhaps it would be appropriate for Humanity to erect a monument to one of the versions of the second fundamental process of the universe. I am speaking of _electron proximity disintegration_ , which is a special category or sequence of the disintegration process.

Sound silly?

But consider the following. Electron proximity disintegration is responsible for the indescribable value of _oxidation_ , which it explains for the first time in the history of Science. The exact interactions of oxidation cannot be understood without it. Oxidation is valuable because oxygen has a special ability to attract nearby electrons into proximity—or close enough together for extra constituent fundamental particles of electrons to be released in addition to their normal release by the continuing disintegration process. These two sets of released fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, are thereby able to provide the motion for the fundamental activities of cells—or of life. No contribution is more valuable to Humanity. Electron proximity disintegration brought cells into existence. (And consider what electron proximity disintegration contributes to chemistry.)

Think carefully: There are only two ways to get motion small enough to accommodate the activities inside a cell: from a particle of light (in photosynthesis) or from an electron. There are no other sources. And both of these particles must disintegrate to add motion at the necessary scale.

Thus electron proximity disintegration elicited the respiratory system of living bodies to provide oxygen. It likewise brought into being the circulatory system to distribute oxygen. It summoned into existence the muscular system of living creatures, thereby making possible the independent motion of life including that of Humanity. It equally caused the nervous system to come into being, additionally allowing rational processes and especially the thought of human beings—or intelligence, as well as instigating into being more complicated bodies with cooperating parts.

Electron proximity disintegration made possible plants as well as animals.

Further, it specifically engineered vision and the ability to obtain the information provided by light. When particles of light reach electrons and impart motion to them, the electrons of the surfaces of objects are moved into proximity and disintegrate even more than normally. The recombination of these random fundamental particles then occurs in a way that incorporates information about the structures in which these electrons were included. In other words, informed particles of light are recombined. The acceleration process then sends this newly informed light to eyes, invaluably benefitting the quality of life and the survival possibilities of the owners. These gifts are provided to us every day. One benefit is to know what you look like! Another is to know what the universe around you looks like and the possible dangers and opportunities it includes. Electron proximity disintegration precipitated the development of vision to take advantage of informed light.

Relatedly, fire begins with electron proximity disintegration and continues only as long as this process is able to continue. Light bulbs are an artificial application of this process to produce light. The sudden experience of proximity by electrons is the reason filaments are created to be characteristically narrow. The filaments become hot because heat, as stated, is simply the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, but only _when they are uncombined and random_. The crowding of electrons inside filaments releases the extra fundamental particles that both form and accelerate particles of light and provide the motion that constitutes heat. Electric heaters very similarly work by electron proximity disintegration. They also may glow because the random fundamental particles whose spinning motion is heat have the ability, as stated, to be recombined into particles of light which are then accelerated by the same spinning motion. A glowing electric heater was always a large clue to the intimate relationship between light and heat! This relationship can now be understood for the first time in the existence of Humanity.

Also biologically, electron proximity disintegration is the mechanism that releases heat in living bodies, making life possible because this spinning motion provides space for the other activities of life to efficiently occur. It counteracts the attractive ability of nuclei.

Finally, electron proximity disintegration brought internal combustion engines into existence, giving human beings the value of added distance for the adventure of life. The motion of internal combustion vehicles is the motion of the fundamental particles made visible, just as the visible motion of human beings and other creatures is the same picture of the recent spinning motion of fundamental particles. We ALMOST SEE the fundamental motion of the universe! We DO SEE the just imparted motion of the fundamental motion of the universe!

As you can easily realize, electron proximity disintegration makes no less than an infinite contribution to human beings and to other life on Earth. Should we erect a monument to recognize our appreciation and to remind us of our immense personal debt to this special sequence that the universe makes possible?

It would be a different but appropriate kind of monument. It would be a monument to BEING including ours. And perhaps we actually need more than one. How do we show our appreciation for light? And for the fundamentals of Life? Perhaps we need a new expression of appreciation following these reminders of irreplaceable values we didn't specifically know about but have always depended on. But now we know about them.

How about a monument?

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

37   Spectacular Contributions

Dear Human Being,

And speaking of a monument, there's even MORE to say about electron proximity disintegration! It's the basic mechanism of the sense of touch and the sense of pain. Just these two alone would make it supremely important in the absence of its other spectacular contributions.

But there's even more. The decomposition of electrons during acid reactions, freeing fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light, renders them uniquely potent.

The electron proximity disintegration of the electrons of phosphorous by oxygen is responsible for the ensuing light from this element. This light is the result of specific identifiable mechanisms which are fundamental to all matter. Light will never occur without the disintegration, recombination, and acceleration processes.

It looks like electron proximity disintegration is the central mechanism of nitrogen fixation by microorganisms. Unable to use _oxygen_ to bring electrons into proximity in order to release fundamental particles with useable motion, these microorganisms seemingly have developed the ability to employ _nitrogen_ for this purpose, while at the same time making nitrogen available for the growth of plants. Essentially, however, it is the electrons of these elements that are the focus. The release of motion useable for metabolism is the prize.

It also looks like this mechanism is responsible for marsh gas, or swamp gas. Just as microorganisms apparently can use nitrogen in the place of oxygen to attract electrons into proximity to obtain useable motion, it also appears they can do the same with carbon to attract the electrons of hydrogen into proximity, to similarly obtain motion for their metabolism. During the process they create methane which is a combination of carbon and hydrogen and the major component of marsh gas and landfill gas. Methane of course consists of four hydrogens to one carbon atom. The unexpected light that sometimes accompanies phenomena like marsh gas supports these ideas because electron proximity disintegration is the only phenomenon, other than the impact disintegration of light itself, that significantly releases extra fundamental particles spontaneously in natural settings. (The development of this light is reminiscent of the development of light in electric heaters when only heat is actually desired.) This light can develop only when the disintegration, recombination, and acceleration processes occur. Only spinning fundamental particles in sufficient quantities have the ability to recombine and accelerate particles of light. This mechanism—electron proximity disintegration—is a perfect explanation for the appearance of many weird and mysterious lights throughout history.

The motion of the sudden explosions of ordinary explosives emerges also from electron proximity disintegration. The huge destructive ability of explosives indicates the quantity of motion present in recombined particles such as electrons. The appearance of light at such times is also a definite clue to the nature of the motion released. The acceleration of light in these cases is exactly parallel to the acceleration of projectiles by explosives.

It's appropriate to note that carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are located together in an uninterrupted sequence in the periodic table.

Electron proximity disintegration accompanies every human being throughout every second of his and her life, and often in many instances of it at the same time. It's good company in almost every case.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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38   Active Memory

Dear Human Being,

The fundamental particles give us special insights into memory. Consider the recombination process of individual particles such as electrons, and protons and particles of light. Once formed, these combined particles remember to be themselves because they possess spinning motion for the future. Their endurance by continuous spinning motion is the memory of structure. Because of the spinning motion and the characteristics of the fundamental particles, these combined particles remember to continue to form themselves and therefore to endure. The entire universe depends on this memory. The universe is able to continue with the stability we know because each fundamental particle possesses an enormous quantity of motion which is the basis of the memory of the universe.

The lengths of the lifetimes of human beings depend first and directly on this quantity of motion and the characteristics of the fundamental particles that permit recombination. The same is true of nuclei, atoms, molecules, bodies of mass, moons, planets, stars, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. Perpetuation is possible because of the memory capabilities of the fundamental particles. Their spinning motion and other characteristics constitute the universe's fundamental memory. This spinning motion is the opportunity for continuity.

The entire universe is Active Memory. And we, as human beings, are especially efficient examples of Active Memory.

It's interesting and informative that this two word description and name can be abbreviated AM, a word that includes existence, activity, and continuity. Each human being can now say, I AM with a little extra meaning.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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39   Connected Color

Dear Human Being,

Speaking of acceleration, recall that color for human beings depends on the interpretation by the human brain of the linear motion imparted by the sizes of different particles of light. It is a convenient and natural way to add extremely valuable survival and enjoyment information to living creatures by means of vision. Notice that eyesight emerges from patterns of imparted motion.

As described, vision is possible first because light impacts the electrons of objects into proximity. Enhanced disintegration of these electrons occurs, followed by the recombination and acceleration of new particles of light that provide information about the structures in which they originated. The brain interprets this information. We see.

Hearing, not surprisingly, also is a phenomenon of arriving motion, and it too, like eyesight, is an interpretation of patterns of imparted motion. Sound occurs directly from the disintegration process and primarily by electron proximity resulting in enhanced disintegration. You can verify that sound occurs only because of collisions. You can't think of a sound that doesn't involve the interaction of electrons and perhaps of nuclei too in extreme cases. The disintegrated fundamental particles instantly accelerate the electrons of air, which accelerate other electrons and whole atoms of air outwardly in wave patterns. The electrons of these wave patterns of atoms of air interact with the electrons of eardrums. Electron proximity disintegration occurs, creating the accelerations interpreted as sound.

Notice especially that all the sounds you hear also depend on the acceleration process (as well as the disintegration process) just like light. How do you think sound gets to your ears from any distance? Obviously acceleration has to occur. The patterns of acceleration are what must be interpreted to yield information. There is a strong similarity to light, in which acceleration is just as important. The sound that does not occur is also especially interesting. For example, when you walk around, electron proximity continues to occur in the air you move, although you may not hear a sound. In fact, electron proximity and the related effects are always infinitely occurring in air as human beings move, in a variety of waves, and as other phenomena continue to interact with the air in a variety of ways, although there seems to be silence.

Furthermore, each letter of the spoken alphabet represents a different bodily configuration in the throat and head producing the patterns of electron proximity and accelerations that elicit that sound.

The sense of touch even more obviously is related to the interpretation of patterns of imparted motion, and the intimately related phenomenon of pain is a special case of this sense. It can also easily be shown that the other two senses, smell and taste, consist of information also embedded in patterns of imparted motion related to electron proximity.

These conclusions are not surprising, since the entire universe, as shown by the basis of the activity of each of the three fundamental processes, is the continuing result of acceleration. This elucidation of the five primary senses of human beings contributes to that understanding.

Human beings are patterns of imparted motion. A tree is patterns of imparted motion. A stone is patterns of imparted motion. The solar system is patterns of imparted motion. The universe is patterns of imparted motion. And these are indescribably wonderful patterns.

Using the patterns of imparted motion of human vision as a metaphor, one could, for fun but also with lively meaning, say that human beings are connected color. This is a good-natured but accurate way of indicating just how colorful and interesting human beings are fundamentally as well as personally.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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40   Tears and Sweat

Dear Human Being,

As mentioned, the discovery outlined in these Letters provides new biological information, such as how vision and the other senses occur, the reasons for color, and the special mechanism that releases motion for cells to perform their activities.

There is even more new and interesting biological information. As we know, sweat is related to heat. The fundamental particles, whose random spinning motion is heat, reveal that the cooling mechanism known as perspiration is an especially understandable one. These fundamental spinning particles, when random, obviously enter bodily fluids, such as water. Heat therefore enters these bodily fluids. So when a body perspires, as from exercise or summer temperatures, it is ridding itself of the some of the unnecessary abundance of tiny random fundamental particles whose spinning motion constitutes heat. This is exactly why human beings sweat when hot, and why perspiration is known as a cooling agent. The biggest reason you get hot during exercise is that electron proximity disintegration in bodily tissues, for the purpose of the availability of motion to move, releases quantities of random fundamental particles, whose spinning motion as stated constitutes heat. Continued exercise causes these released fundamental particles to accumulate, and perspiration conveniently moves them to the exterior of the human body, where they exit during evaporation.

It is useful to keep in mind, too, that the human body may also use an accumulation of these random fundamental particles, whose spinning motion is heat, for its own biological purposes when necessary. In fact, this is the purpose of fever. When harmful biological agents, such as bacteria or viruses, attempt to attack the body, an increase in the number of these fundamental particles obviously helps to counteract the microorganisms. Recall that these fundamental particles are far closer to the size of these microorganisms than human beings, and that their spinning motion is awesome in terms of its numerical rate. It is obvious that it constitutes a deterrent to these undesirable agents. Further, it is conveniently available for the human body to use. In fact, and this is especially interesting and informative, it is reasonable that the normal temperature of the human body is related in the first place to the effectiveness of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles to counteract microorganisms. In other words, the spinning motion of the fundamental particles when random helps to explain why 98.6o F. became and remains the standard temperature of the human body.

There is another truly fascinating biological explanation that emerges from these fundamental particles. It is related to perspiration. People shed tears when they are feeling strong emotions, both positively and negatively. And for centuries—from the beginning of human existence—no one has been able to explain why. That explanation now emerges from the discovery of the fundamental particles. When human beings experience strong emotions, they generate extra fundamental particles related to strong feelings and the possibility of immediate physical activity. These extra fundamental random spinning particles can be damaging in too great a number. But, as stated in the discussion of perspiration, they do enter bodily fluids. So expelling tears is therefore an easy way for the human body to remove some of them, just as in sweat. Thus the tears of crying that emerge for a variety of reasons and drops of perspiration are related by a common attempt to protect the body from extraneous random spinning fundamental particles. This is also a unification, and a truly fascinating biological one.

These two explanations are related to the use by the human body of running noses, vomiting stomachs, and diarrhea to expel potentially harmful micro-organisms and substances. In all five cases the body uses the expulsion of internal liquids to rid itself of potentially or actively harmful agents. Two of these expulsion methods may even be used to try to correct the same problem. The following sentence occurs in the Wikipedia article, "Cholera": "The primary symptoms are profuse diarrhea and vomiting of clear fluid." In this case the body is trying to eliminate the cholera bacterium.

All five of these methods can be compared to the disintegration process which is essentially a separation process. Within this context, they add valuable understanding of the human being.

We knew that perspiration is a way of diminishing or counteracting the effects of heat. But although tears were right in front of our eyes, without the fundamental particles it was impossible to understand the biological reason for them and to relate them to the reason for drops of perspiration. It was also impossible to understand with specificity the temperatures of the human body.

Two other equally fascinating and related biological explanations emerge from this rationale. Smiles also, like tears, accompany feeling, which can be associated with the internal release of fundamental particles. So does laughter. It seems likely that smiles and laughter originated as mechanisms to control the accumulation of extraneous fundamental particles by acting to disperse them. These possibilities should be investigated. The origin of smiling and laughter has never been satisfactorily explained. This is an exciting and potentially historic possibility.

And finally, why do you think a person shivers when cold? The obvious purpose is to release random fundamental particles, whose spinning motion is heat, which is needed by the shivering body at that time. Shivering is a minor form of exercise, which uses electron proximity disintegration to support motion, but it also makes heat available at the same time. Shivering is especially interesting as an automatic exercise.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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41   A Special Case of Combination

Dear Human Being,

The universe uses the principle of combination in every case throughout the entire Sequence of Being: particles of light, electrons, protons, neutrons, nuclei, atoms, molecules, bodies of mass, moons, planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. It begins with the direct combination of individual particles by the imparting of spinning motion and then continues with secondary combination by gravitation, electrical charge, and magnetism, which are also by the imparting of spinning motion.

Many of these, beginning with nuclei, are combinations of combinations and become significantly even more so progressively once this stage of development begins.

Human beings are highly developed bodies of mass that are combinations. It is meaningful and informative to notice that the universe uses the principle of combination in interesting and specialized ways also to create new human beings. When combination in the universe occurs, notice that mass is always brought together to form new structures. It is extremely significant that the universe creates new human beings by a specialized form of combination that also represents the norm.

To create a new human being, a woman and a man definitely represent two bodies of mass coming together or combining. For this purpose, a woman and a man, motivated by an adapted form of attraction, are brought together in a specialized act of combination. Their bodies temporarily are led to experience intimate proximity that is unquestionably a combination of great value. A cell from each then unites to form a totally new and continuing combination. Then elements in the new combination of two cells interact in patterns that determine the characteristics of a new human being.

These are at least three kinds of combination that the universe uses to create new human beings, which already contain several different kinds of combinations!

This description is unquestionably an important insight into the nature of the universe and the nature of human beings—or what we are.

The process of combination is also extensively illustrated by the propagation of other forms of life.

Incidentally, consider that when cells divide, one aspect of combination occurs when duplicated chromosomes are gathered to each daughter cell—or are combined into that cell. Spinning motion is necessary to accomplish this act. Also, combination occurs when blood clots occur and when cells of the immune system latch onto unwelcome combinations to destroy them. When a cut begins to heal by clotting blood and when a bone mends, combination must occur or the separated parts will remain divergent. These activities could not take place without spinning particles!

The process of combination is indescribably vital to the success of life throughout the successive dimensions of each living body. This series of combinations follows the earlier combinations that produce individual particles, atoms, molecules, bodies of mass, stars, planets, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. The universe is a marvel of related combinations in a sequence that is only possible by spinning motion.

Another example of combination that is especially illustrative, because we can witness the entire sequence from beginning to end, is the hug. We see this example daily. And of course the kiss is even another example of combination related to other results of existing in an individualistic universe. Combination has many interesting manifestations! (And don't forget the handshake! The human hand is a special symbol of combination. Consider all that the combining ability of the hand contributes to the quality of being a human being. Fingers are especially formed and adapted to combine. You can see the nature of the universe in your fingers.)

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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42   Comparative Explanations

Dear Human Being,

Many thinkers in the past have tried to explain the inner nature of the universe. In some cases, a single substance, or monism, was said to exist. In others, different characteristics of the universe were imputed to suggest or describe its essential composition and interactions. The discovery of the fundamental particles indicates that a monism does exist and has always existed. The fundamental particles are significantly different from the single entities proposed in the past, however, because they additionally explain with impressive exactitude not just part of the universe but all of it, including the mechanics: how it was formed and how it operates in every respect, whereas the other candidates could not. Some examples are the formation of particles and larger structures, the origin of light, the acceleration of light, the speed of light, vision in terms of the structures and colors of objects, the energy in mass, and the intricate motions of life. The fundamental particles uniquely possess their own motion and consequently have the ability to perform the necessary actions to successfully create and operate the universe.

However it is fascinating and useful to consider the ideas of many different thinkers, especially philosophers, attempting to explain the universe, and to notice the various instances where they came close to the truth and departed widely from it. This is an especially interesting look back because now there is a standard by which to evaluate different attempts across the centuries to explain the universe. In addition, the many occasions when earlier philosophers approached the truth at various distances serve to offer an elucidating background for evaluating the discovery of the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light and their three fundamental processes.

THALES

Thales was a Greek philosopher who lived from c. 624 BCE to c. 546 BCE in Miletus of Asia Minor. He believed that the ultimate essence or originating substance of the universe is water. (See the Wikipedia article, "Monism.") If he described other associated requirements necessary to originate the universe, they were unable to survive. Unfortunately we have only incomplete information from Thales and other early thinkers.

ANAXIMANDER

He was a Greek philosopher who lived form c. 610 BCE to c. 546 BCE. He also lived in Miletus. Anaximander believed that all reality consists of something called "apeiron," which means "the infinite reality." Anaximander's idea therefore was different from the proposed reality of Thales who described a known substance as the underlying nature of the universe. Obviously Anaximander's "apeiron" could not be distinguished directly by the senses for itself. Therefore it is reminiscent of the fundamental particles which with their spinning motion could also be designated the ultimate reality but cannot be perceived directly. Anaximander is not known to have associated "apeiron" with a form of causal motion proposed to be able to create and maintain the universe.

ANAXIMENES

Anaximenes was a Greek philosopher, also from Miletus in Asia Minor, who lived from c. 585 BCE to c. 524 BCE. He concluded that all forms of reality emerge from air. But assumedly he did not elucidate a specific and reasonable sequence of the transformations. No such rationale has survived.

HERACLEITUS

Heracleitus was also a Greek philosopher. He was alive from c. 535 BCE to c. 475 BCE. He lived in Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor. According to the Wikipedia article, "Heracleitus," he "was famous for his insistence on ever-present change as being the fundamental essence of the universe, as stated in the famous saying, 'No man ever steps in the same river twice.'" In Greek his basic message is encapsulated in the two words, "Panta rhei," or, "Everything flows." More than any other philosopher, he emphasized the importance of motion to the universe, and therefore he was the most correct in this especially significant respect. Associate his idea with the spinning motion of the fundamental particles in these Letters. "Ever-present change" has to have a reason for the change which includes motion. Also—if you think about it—the "ever-present change" that Heracleitus noticed is quite repetitive change. So it has to be "change" that inherently possesses its own order. Heracleitus was right at the edge of the truth.

PARMENIDES

Parmenides lived from c. 515 BCE to c. 460 BCE in Elea in southern Italy. Elea at that time was a part of Magna Graecia. His ideas are considered significant because they are said to have influenced Plato, who imparted such a profound influence into philosophy. Parmenides believed in a kind of dualism, in which eternal Being, or Truth, or the One, is timeless, motionless, and indivisible. It is what Is, according to Parmenides. It fills all space. On the other hand, he also claimed that the appearances experienced by human beings through their senses, including motion, form, and becoming, are unreal. These, he said, represent not Truth, or Being, but only Opinion. However he did not adequately analyze the relative importance of each of these two—Truth and Opinion.

Unfortunately, he clearly did not have a high opinion of motion, since he eliminated it from his ultimate reality and relegated it to an example of unreality in the experiential world. However, notice that these conclusions left Parmenides with a major problem, which was that his Being, or One, or ultimate reality, was rendered totally without any ability—by the absence of any motion—to have any effect on anything. Unquestionably, he did not understand the extreme significance of motion and so had no idea at all of the relationship between motion and Form. He did not realize that Form is an essential reality too, if only a temporary reality that is, however, of the greatest value. Temporary reality is an incredibly important part of reality. From the point of view of human beings, it is the most important part. He was unable to apprehend that the appearances he so denigrated are the result of processes that form the visible universe directly from the fundamental universe. He missed the overwhelmingly compelling realization that the fundamental universe is only important because of the visible or temporary universe, in which human beings are located.

EMPEDOCLES

Empedocles lived on the island of Sicily, in a community known as Acragras, from c. 490 BCE to c. 430 BCE. He is famous for originating the idea that reality or Being consists of four elements: earth, air, water, and fire. When he referred to them as "elements," he meant that they were the four fundamental substances of the universe. In Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers by Kathleen Freeman, Empedocles says (in translation): "For from these ( _Elements_ ) come all things that were and are and will be; and trees spring up and men and women, and beasts and birds and water-nurtured fish, and even the gods who are highest in honor. For these ( _Elements_ ) alone exist, but by running through one another they become different; to such a degree mixing changes them." All existences, including human beings, are "mixtures" of earth, air, fire, and water according to Empedocles. For example, the hard "skin" of a turtle is "earth," and the light from a person's eye is "fire."

What is most interesting about these ideas of Empedocles is that he also stated that these elements are regulated by two powers, that he designated Love and Strife. These powers are responsible for the attractions and repulsions of the universe. Therefore, unlike Parmenides, he recognized the absolute necessity of motion to the universe—that motion does everything. Without understanding a mechanism or describing the operational underlying structure with accompanying motion, he actually implied the existence of the acceleration process—both aspects of it, which are attraction and repulsion. Just this one recognition by him was a significant achievement.

LEUCIPPUS and DEMOCRITUS

The dates of the lifetime of Leucippus are not exactly known either. He lived from early in the fifth century BCE to later in this century. Said to be from Miletus, he may have been from either Abdera or Elea. Democritus, perhaps his student, lived from c. 460 BCE to c. 370 BCE. He was born in Abdera. These two philosophers are given credit for being most responsible for the early introduction of the atomic theory, but the contribution of each is unclear. In Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers by Kathleen Freeman, only one quotation is attributed to Leucippus: "Nothing happens at random; everything happens out of reason and by necessity." However, this idea is true and a sufficient basis to understand the entire universe.

What is notable about the atomic theory of these two philosophers, aside from its early manifestation, is that it is concerned with the act of formation as well as form, long before Plato indicated the importance of Form. The idea of Form is especially significant because it requires an underlying order which is responsible for the observable outward order and implies a sequence from one to the other. Plato was unable to detect the relationship, and his explanation was a wrong idea: a realm of Universal Forms. Science since then has not successfully understood particle formation (by the recombination process) or advanced matter formation which results in atoms, molecules, and larger bodies of mass (by the acceleration process emerging from the recombination process).

But how was form produced by the atomic theory of Leucippus and Democritus? In other words, very significantly, they brought attention to the idea of formation. And what is also significant about this early atomic theory is that it acknowledged the necessity of motion to produce form! This is of the greatest importance, because it is accurate and represents an early vindication of the description of the formation of matter in these Letters.

This idea appears clearly in De Rerum Natura by Lucretius who used the early atomic ideas of Democritus to expound the philosophy of Epicurus in this book. In Book 2 of the English translation of this famous work by W. H. D. Rouse (revised by Martin F Smith, in the Loeb Classical Library of Harvard University Press), Lucretius says in lines 216-224:

One further point in this matter I desire you to understand: while the first bodies are being carried forward by their own weight in a straight line through the void, at times quite uncertain and uncertain places, they swerve a little from their course, just so much as you might call a change of motion. For if they were not apt to incline, all would fall downwards like raindrops through the profound void, no collision would take place and no blow would be caused amongst the first beginnings: thus nature would never have produced anything.

The "swerve," or "change of motion," is necessary, or "nature would never have produced anything." In other words, nature produces its creations by motion. Notice, however, that the origin of the motion of a swerve, which is absolutely necessary to the existence of the universe of Lucretius, is never explained. This is a fatal omission. And it was never meant to be explained. The "swerve" is portrayed as spontaneous by Lucretius.

In the paragraph following the above lines, Lucretius also mentions "blows which can produce generative motions" to clarify how atoms can generate the universe. Motion is required. From that time to the present, strangely, Science has not seemed to agree with Lucretius' idea of the importance of motion to the development of matter, an idea which offers a preview of the discovery of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, described in these Letters, that initiates the development of matter by the recombination of fundamental particles.

If you analyze closely, you will realize that the atoms of Leucippus and Democritus are much closer to the fundamental particles of matter described in these Letters than to the atoms of today's Science. Notice that in the included passage, Lucretius refers to both "first bodies" and "first beginnings." This choice of words is significant. These "primordial particles" are comparable to the fundamental particles.

PLATO

Plato lived from 327(?) BCE to 347 BCE in Athens, Greece. He thought that since we can imagine perfect forms and that since no forms in the physical realm of the universe are perfect, there exists a realm of perfect Forms which is superior to the realm of physical reality that we represent. (This is surprisingly poor logic to underlie such an important area of Plato's philosophy.) According to his famous Allegory of the Cave, sensation provides only the "shadows" of true reality to human beings. Plato's cave is metaphorical but indicates the profound difference that he suggests between the two realms. In Plato's thinking, there is no direct causal and physical relationship between these two realms. This separation represents a strange divergence that should have been explained. The coincidence of these two is far too great not to represent a close physical relationship. Otherwise, how could they be so similar? Part of the same rationale, according to Will Durant in The Life of Greece, which is Part II of his series, "The Story of Civilization," is that Plato believed "Only that which has power is real; therefore matter is not basically real, but is merely a principle of inertia, a possibility waiting for God or soul to give it specific form and being according to some Idea." Obviously Plato missed entirely the huge quantity of motion in mass. Ultimately he resorted to magical ideas.

Apparently, and perhaps it's possible to understand one aspect of Plato's difficulty, he could not imagine motion as a Form, and he could not imagine matter without possessing some motion. Thus he was led to the dubious idea that, in Durant's words, "matter is not basically real." Durant elucidates this consideration by asserting that, to Plato, "Motion and creation are not mechanical; they require in the world, as in ourselves, a soul or principle of life as their originative power." Once again, there seems to be a problem with motion. Motion obviously was a gadfly in Plato's philosophy because it did not fit into the concept of "Form" well.

In actuality, there is another strong connection between Plato's perfect "Forms" and physical reality because the fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, provide the human imagination of these Forms in the first place, and the fundamental particles are totally physical and mechanical. These Forms exist only in the human imagination along with the errors that human beings may make when thinking. They have no special place or world of their own. Further, Plato had his valuations _completely backwards_. A world of Perfect Forms would not be superior to the everyday world, which obviously and exclusively includes the infinitely valuable phenomenon of human Life. If Plato's otherworld did exist, and it does not, who would want to go there? On the other hand, nothing there would remotely compare to the value, excitement, and magnificence of an actual human being possessing intelligence, emotion, and motion and living in the universe that we inhabit.

Another significant error attributable to Plato, with respect to Form, is the impossibility of ever establishing a perfect form to exist in the Realm of Forms (except by magic). The formation process is by the fundamental particles. It is complex and consists of many parts. No single combined Form ever exists long enough to be evaluated as perfect and final—and how could such a choice or designation ever be made anyway? Therefore Plato's Realm of "Forms" could never have been populated.

ARISTOTLE

Aristotle lived from 384 BCE to 322 BCE in Thrace, in Asia Minor, on the island of Lesbos, and in Athens, Greece. He approached the nature of being from the point of view of _potentiality_ and _actuality._ If you think about this approach, you will realize that these two concepts aptly describe the fundamental particles of the universe. They, their motion, and their abilities represent the potential of nature before they combine, and when they do, they represent and activate the actuality of nature. Like Plato, Aristotle thought about the interrelationship between form and matter. But whereas Plato thought that there is a separate realm of Forms, Aristotle realized correctly that form is inherent to each separate object. In other words, each separate object is "formed." Aristotle stopped just short of a recombination process, an acceleration process, and a disintegration process—and of course the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light.

Will Durant successfully captures Aristotle's astute perceptions in The Story of Philosophy: To Aristotle, he writes, "Form is not merely the shape, but the shaping force, an inner necessity and impulse which moulds mere material to a specific figure and purpose; it is a realization of a potential capacity of matter; it is the sum of the powers residing in anything to do, to be, or to become." This was a profound insight. Modern Science has no comparable idea of "powers residing in anything to do, to be, or to become" or "a potential capacity of matter" to create, or "the sum of the powers residing in anything to do, to be, or to become." It is obvious that Aristotle living in the fourth century BCE was far in advance of Modern Science in his perception of the capacities of matter. The fundamental particles, which constitute and shape and activate matter, definitely possess a "potential capacity of matter" to create, and its "shaping force." They constitute the "powers residing in anything." Aristotle didn't proceed to realize that only spinning particles can represent the abilities of matter. And regrettably, he ultimately related this "shaping force" to religion. In The Life of Greece Durant reveals that in Aristotle's philosophy, "As the tree is drawn by its inherent nature, power, and purposes, into the light, so the world is drawn by its inherent nature, power, and purposes, which are God." The truth was actually right in front of Aristotle in various ways. Only the motion of spinning particles can attract. Only the motion of spinning particles can hold matter together. Only the motion of spinning particles can release the explosive forces of nature. Only the motion of spinning particles can accelerate light or anything from within. These early insights of Aristotle, however, many centuries later, support the existence of the fundamental particles of matter, spinning at the speed of light. Aristotle was surprisingly right about the abilities inherent in nature, but failed to perceive the mechanical nature of these abilities which can emerge only from efficiently spinning motion.

The Stoic Philosophy

Four prominent Stoic philosophers were Zeno of Citium (c. 334 to c. 262 BCE), Epictetus (AD 55 to 135), Marcus Aurelius (AD 121 to 180) and Seneca (4 BCE to AD 65). According to the Wikipedia article "Stoicism," "Stoicism became the foremost popular philosophy among the Hellenistic world and the Roman Empire...." The same article quotes Epictetus saying that the universe is "a rigidly deterministic single whole" and that later this view "was adopted by Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza" (discussed below). This aptly worded phrase is consistent with the description in these Letters that the entire universe is the result of the activities of the fundamental particles. The implications of the view stated by Epictetus were never followed to the correct conclusions that have always been patiently waiting and available to anyone. That opportunity, like the ones provided by Heracleitus and Aristotle and others, was disregarded.

PLOTINUS

Plotinus lived from 204/5 CE to 270 primarily in Egypt and Rome. Influenced by Plato, he added to both realms of being envisioned by Plato. He enhanced the unseen realm and described it as the "soul" of matter—or perhaps its "energy," and with respect to this idea, of energy only, he was far closer to the truth than he ever knew. The Wikipedia article about Plotinus states: "Plotinus taught that there is a supreme, totally transcendent 'One,' containing no division, multiplicity, or distinction beyond all categories of being and non-being." Plotinus was essentially seeking a religious explanation of the universe. And so he accidentally approached the real truth.

Will Durant in Caesar and Christ, Part III of his series, "The Story of Civilization," says that according to Plotinus, "...matter by itself...is only the formless possibility of form." Only when it partakes of the soul of the One is it able to become matter. Plotinus obviously intends a religious enabling, similar to the philosophy of Aristotle. According to the Wikipedia article about him, because of his religious beliefs "Plotinus had an inherent distrust of materiality (an attitude common to Platonism) holding to the view that phenomena were a poor image or mimicry (mimesis) of something 'higher and intelligible' which was the 'truer part of genuine Being.' This distrust extended to the body, including his own." It is reported by Porphyry (a student of Plotinus, who edited his work and provided some biographical information about him) that at one point Plotinus refused to have his portrait painted, presumably because of his "dislike" of its materiality. Quoted by Durant, Porphyry stated "he [Plotinus] was ashamed that his soul had a body."

It seems that Plotinus was a very good person, and it's truly regrettable that he "distrusted" his own body, when the human body is the most remarkable and spectacular achievement of "Being." Unfortunately, in all sincerity he diminished and failed to adequately respect what he most sincerely wanted to honor, since the fundamental particles ultimately must represent what Plotinus meant by "the One." But in fact the fundamental particles of the universe are not the "truer part of genuine Being." There is no "truer part." The fundamental particles and what they create are equally valuable and important. The human body is by far the greatest achievement of these particles, and Humanity consisting of these particles represents a value unequaled in the rest of the universe. The fundamental particles are both the created part, the creating part, and the acting part.

Notice that although Plotinus expressed a relationship between the One and the material realm, he did not convincingly describe the One. He did not explain the nature of the soul of the One or how it is able to enter and be a part of matter. Like others, he indicated no specific substance and no processes. By maintaining that the One contains no "division" or "multiplicity," he couldn't have been more wrong. The fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, are minute particles that are definitely divided.

However, Modern Science could have learned long ago from the basic concept of the One. Each fundamental particle is identical to every other one. In a non-religious sense, they are the One.

DESCARTES

Rene Descartes lived from 1596 CE to 1650, mostly in France where he was born. He stayed for about 20 years in the Dutch Republic. Descartes did not have clear ideas about the nature of matter, and so was unaware of any entities comparable to the fundamental particles of the universe. However some of his determinations strongly support the existence of the fundamental particles. For example, he maintained that the universe, including animals—but with the exception of human beings—without question operates _mechanistically_. Will Durant writes in The Age of Reason Begins, Part VII of his Series, "The Story of Civilization," that according to Descartes, "The whole universe, except God and the rational soul, may be viewed as mechanical." Descartes believed that the human mind is immaterial and non-mechanistic. Aside from this critical shortcoming, his almost completely mechanical view of the universe including animals indicates Descartes' comprehension of the importance of motion. Bertrand Russell makes this categorically clear in his The History of Western Philosophy, when he says of Descartes' mechanics, "...yet all interaction is of the nature of impact." In other words, all interactions involve the imparting of motion. Finally, Descartes insisted that knowledge absolutely requires human reason. The discovery of the fundamental particles of the universe, spinning at the speed of light, is totally according to reason, especially compared to attempts by quantum theory practitioners to derogate the importance of causality in physical interactions.

About the theory of God of Descartes, he was living in approximately the same strongly religious age as Spinoza, which included the negative and repressive influence of the Inquisition. One has to wonder how their conclusions might have been different in a freer and less religiously saturated era. Giordano Bruno had been burned at the stake for his nonconforming thoughts as recently as 1600. In 1616, only 16 years later, Galileo was summoned to appear before the Roman Inquisition which attempted to silence his agreement with the conclusion that the earth orbits the sun. In 1633 also Galileo was confined by the Church to house arrest which lasted for eight years until his death in 1642. When Galileo died, Descartes still had eight more years to live. What would Descartes have achieved if free of the pervasive and restricting climate of religion at that time?

SPINOZA

Baruch Spinoza lived from 1632 to 1677 in the Dutch Republic and in Portugal. He came close to the truth about the universe in several respects, primarily by asserting a _oneness_ of the underlying reality and by insisting on the principle of undeviating cause and effect for all being. The Wikipedia article states: "He contended that everything that exists in Nature (i.e., everything in the Universe) is one Reality (substance) and there is only one set of rules governing the whole of the reality which surrounds us and of which we are part. Spinoza viewed God and Nature as two names for the same reality, namely a single, fundamental substance (meaning 'that which stands beneath' rather than 'matter') that is the basis of the universe and of which all lesser 'entities' are actually modes or modifications, that all things are determined by Nature to exist and cause effects, and that the complex chain of cause and effect is understood only in part." Will Durant says in The Age of Louis XIV, Part VIII of his Series, "The Story of Civilization," "We may conclude that in Spinoza _substance_ means the essential reality underling all things." The Wikipedia article tells us usefully again that Spinoza believed "that the complex chain of cause and effect is understood only in part." This assertion is in fact indubitably and quite usefully correct, because the true cause and effect nature of the universe cannot be understood until the spinning motion of the fundamental particles is an integral part of that understanding.

The primary and serious shortcoming of Spinoza's analysis is that although he insists on the profound importance of cause and effect, he does not include a means for the orderly continuation of the universe—that is, he announces a static universe, similarly to most philosophers and also Modern Science because he does not include a source of continuing and compelling` motion in his description of it. Also quite unfortunate is that he identifies Nature with God; if he had not, his analysis of the universe would have been totally physical and therefore more convincingly realistic. This substitution quite reasonably could have led to his failure to appreciate the importance and necessity of motion to the universe, since the idea of God implies inherent motion. He was approaching that truth, since he did not believe in a personal god, and he understood that Nature is completely deterministic.

LEIBNIZ

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz lived from 1646 to 1716 in the Holy Roman Empire or what is now Germany. He also believed that nature or the universe consists of a monism, or elements of being that he called "monads." According to the Wikipedia article "Leibniz,"

Unlike atoms, monads possess no material or spatial character. They also differ from atoms by their complete mutual independence, so that interactions among monads are only apparent. Instead, by virtue of the principle of pre- established harmony, each monad follows a preprogrammed set of "instructions" peculiar to itself, so that a monad "knows" what to do at each moment. These "instructions" may be seen as analogs of the scientific laws governing subatomic particles. By virtue of these intrinsic instructions, each monad is like a little mirror of the universe. Monads need not be "small"; e.g., each human being constitutes a monad, in which case free will is problematic.

These elements of being of Leibniz are obviously magical. They are able to do fantastic things but without any way to act since they are mutually independent and do not interact. They are immaterial, or without matter, and also without motion, and yet they are described as possessing force, which is not possible since only matter with motion is able to impart the motion of a force. Leibniz describes these "monads" as somehow able to "know" and impart instructions and produce the universe, without the ability to impart motion while doing so, when only motion is able to combine and maintain a form. The exact avenue for the original appearance and existence of matter is never revealed. And where does all the obvious motion of the universe come from? There is definite promise in his thought, but Leibniz destroyed it by inconsistencies, impossibilities, and omissions which lead ultimately to a dependence on magic.

KANT

Immanuel Kant lived from 1724 to 1804 in Konigsberg, then in Russia but now in Germany. Interested in perception, he referred to each object in the physical world as essentially a "thing-in-itself" which can never be known in the terms of its own reality or being. It can only be perceived by the senses. Will and Ariel Durant say in Rousseau and Revolution, Part X of the series, "The Story of Civilization," that, according to Kant, "The external world exists, but in its ultimate reality, it is unknowable." Kant therefore abandoned the idea of understanding the inner and outer physical universe. He was wrong in this surrender, because considerable additional knowledge of inner and outer reality follows from the discovery of the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light and their three fundamental processes. They also are the basis of perception, as well as the realities of the nature of thought. The senses, as well as reason and creative intuition, unquestionably are legitimate ways to know. Kant did not seem to be interested in the causal motion of the universe.

SCHOPENHAUER

Arthur Schopenhauer lived from 1788 to 1860 in Germany. It's fascinating to compare his ideas to the activities of the fundamental particles of the universe. He developed a very unusual monism in which _something_ he called _Will_ is responsible for the universe. He perceived a kind of impetus in everything that also occurs in living creatures including Humanity. The following revealing statement occurs in the article "Arthur Schopenhauer" of Wikipedia: "The word 'will' designated, for him, force, power, impulse, energy, and desire...." Consider that each one of these concepts is associated with motion. But consider also that the statement suggests that no one really understands what Schopenhauer meant by Will and that he didn't have a clear or concise idea himself. However, these words for will are not inconsistent with the continuously creative motion of the fundamental particles which constitute everything. The fundamental particles have definite abilities, and their spinning motion at the speed of light unquestionably gives them an impetus, the same one that provides motion to the universe and that Schopenhauer indirectly understood as something more than just mere motion. Attempting to meaningfully characterize Schopenhauer's concept of will in The Story of Philosophy, Will Durant compares his central idea to Aristotle's view of inner reality: "Aristotle was right: there is a power within that moulds every form, in plants and planets, in animals and men."

Comparatively speaking, there is in fact a genuine "power" within and part of reality. But instead of will, it's more specifically the unified motion and incredible abilities of the fundamental particles to both form and to activate, two abilities that Durant failed to mention. In the same book Durant also directly quotes Schopenhauer who unsatisfactorily says about human beings: "...the whole body is nothing but objectified will...." More explanation is obviously needed.

Schopenhauer fuses the ability to form and the impetus of the motion of the fundamental particles into one amalgamated concept that he isolates into an entity he calls Will. Schopenhauer is even more meaningfully quoted by Durant: "As will is the universal cause in ourselves, so it is in things; and unless we so understand cause as will, causality will remain only a magic and mystic formula, really meaningless." But Schopenhauer does not clarify how his "universal cause" operates and therefore himself is guilty of "a magic and mystic formula, really meaningless." This omission is the huge invisible question mark over his entire philosophy. If he had genuinely realized the implications of his statements, he could perhaps have imagined the fundamental particles of the universe. Later in the same passage, as quoted by Durant, Schopenhauer continues: "...let us say, then, that repulsion and attraction, combination and decomposition, magnetism and electricity, gravity and crystallization, are Will." This, of course, is the same as saying "Let's not ever understand these physical phenomena. Let's just call them Will." It's the same as saying, "Let's not understand the universe." Schopenhauer by necessity omitted all specificity because he did not continue as far as the actual truth that his ideas required. He continually asserted ideas as truth without explanation or understanding, which he lacked. Suppose he had addressed the intimately related question: How exactly does Will accelerate light? Only one mechanism can produce this universally occurring acceleration: spinning particles—not Will. Notice that "universal cause" is actually a good description of the fundamental particles. Schopenhauer insisted the Will compels Being. But he didn't even approach saying how. He never penetrated to an actual or specific understanding of the fundamental interactions of reality.

Strangely, Schopenhauer insisted that the Will is malignant and that life is evil. (The truth is that Humanity is a magnificent achievement of the fundamental particles of the universe, spinning at the speed of light.) Unconvincingly but with rare optimism he says, as quoted by Durant in The Story of Philosophy, "There can be no victory over the ills of life until the will has been utterly subordinated to knowledge and intelligence." Ultimately, however, he offers too little assurance of the victory. And the word "Will" offers little understanding of the nature of intelligence.

Offering important context in the same book by Durant, Schopenhauer declares, "But I will never believe that even the simplest chemical combination will ever admit of mechanical explanation; much less the properties of light, heat, and electricity. These will always require a dynamical explanation." In fact chemistry, light, heat, and electricity are completely mechanical, as explained by the discovery of the fundamental particles of the universe. And they are also completely dynamical because the intrinsic motion of the fundamental particles is inseparable from the mechanical sequences of these phenomena. Reality is dynamic—it requires and depends on motion. Schopenhauer simply didn't go far enough in his analysis of natural phenomena. Apparently he recognized dynamical properties, but, failing to untangle and convincingly separate them within reality, he ultimately crossed over into the illogical by substituting his own quantitatively and mechanically inadequate "impetus" or will for the actual inner and outer workings of the universe. By so doing, he, as others, introduced elements of magic into the universe. Like others, he used special words (such as "will" in his case) to cover up and substitute for a lack of genuine understanding.

It should be observed, however, that although the assertion of "will" as existing within reality is ridiculous, Schopenhauer did emphasize an important clue to its nature. Especially clearly he insisted that _reality has its own ability to act_ , and it is odd that no physical advance was ever made by Science based on this compelling message from a serious thinker. If reality has its own ability to act—and it obviously does have this ability—then it has to act by spinning particles, since there is no other explanation or possibility.

Each of these philosophers, through the centuries, as part of his philosophy tried to understand reality: to comprehend in some respect the nature of being or the nature of the universe. If you consider closely, you will see that they all perceived one or more aspects of the fundamental particles without ever penetrating to the actual truth. Heracleitus emphasized change. Plato was most impressed with mere form. Leucippus and Democritus construed in terms of primordial particles. Descartes concentrated on mechanics and the presence or absence of reason. Kant recognized a "thing-in-itself" but mistakenly accepted its unknowability and so went no farther in an attempt to understand its true dimensions. Schopenhauer was most impressed by a creative impetus in everything but never successfully applied this concept to actual physical interaction. As a single test applicable to all of these thinkers, none explained the presence, or acceleration, or universal speed, of light. Put all of their perceptions—and more—together, and you are approaching the fundamental particles of the universe, spinning at the speed of light and possessing three fundamental processes. They alone explain everything by themselves. They alone explain both philosophy and science—so that understanding follows. Continuing discoveries of new activities by these particles, such as explosions by gunpowder, communications by radio, the transmission of motion by electricity, the oxidation of gasoline, and the release of motion by nuclei, explain much of history—and will profoundly influence the future.

Finally, you may have observed that Aristotle and Leibniz are the only philosophers in this list who were also scientists, although the early philosophers can reasonably be construed to be the scientists of their times. More modern scientists, however, have notably tended not to offer generalized explanations of reality, although assumedly they would have liked to. Undoubtedly one of the recent reasons is the obfuscation added by Einstein—and unfortunately accepted by Modern Science—that mass and energy are completely identical. This idea, if true, would seriously complicate and probably even eliminate a comprehension of reality. But mass and energy are not the same, and this is a preposterous idea. An exception to this trend is David Bohm, who lived from 1917 to 1992 and worked mainly in the United States, Brazil, and England. He called the exterior of reality _the explicate order_ and drew attention to the interior of reality and himself by tantalizingly calling it _the implicate order_. However, these terms only indicate that reality has a surface and an interior, which we all already knew. But by the use of these creative terms, explicate and implicate order, Bohm drew new attention to the ancient human need as well as the continuing human and scientific need to know the interior of reality. However, he was unable to go any farther than just these terms because he could not identify or describe correctly any phenomenon at all below his explicate order. Without success he tried to explain a communicating _undivided_ _wholeness_ to reality, which does not exist, and in fact the opposite condition exists because each fundamental particle is totally individual and physically separate from every other one. There is however another kind of wholeness to reality because the fundamental particles are all identical and _together_ create and continue the universe. But this is not what Bohm meant. Further, and this point is especially interesting comparatively, Bohm stated that there is an _infinity of levels_ of reality constituting his implicate order, whereas the existence of the fundamental particles indicates that there is only _one_ fundamental level of reality. Generally speaking, Bohm did not relate reality to particles and their motion, although the universe consists entirely of particles and motion. Also, in his book, Science, Order, and Creativity, with R. David Peat (see the Wikipedia article), he was unaware that the creativity in a human mind emerges from fundamental attractive acceleration, which is necessary for two disparate ideas to come together and merge into one.

It is useful and undoubtedly valuable to compare different attempts to explain reality through the centuries. The ability, finally, of Humanity to accurately explain the nature of reality emphasizes that Humanity is unquestionably its greatest success.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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43   A Different History of Humanity

Dear Human Being,

There's another Story of Humanity—seen from the point of view of the fundamental particles. Through the many centuries, Human History has developed specifically in response to continuing discoveries of new and significant ways to use them—in the same sequence as, by the way, related discoveries continuing to occur in the present.

At the beginning of the sequence, human beings discovered themselves. This was an important discovery. Human beings possessed phenomenal abilities which they did not understand and essentially took for granted. They could SEE and HEAR and experience TOUCH and THINK and MOVE and PRODUCE CHILDREN. They didn't understand how these abilities operate or where they came from. However, eventually some human beings tried to understand both themselves and the rest of the universe. Many ideas gained credibility, and many were insisted upon. The recognition of the fundamental particles was far into the future. But the discovery of themselves by human beings was their incredibly ancient introduction to the fundamental particles—which only now are being identified after hundreds of thousands of years of inquiry and associated history.

Very early, the fundamental particles, with their spinning motion at the speed of light, gave human beings fire, which included both light and heat. Particles of light require all three of the fundamental processes: disintegration, recombination, and acceleration. Heat is the spinning motion of the fundamental particles when they are independent, or uncombined, and random. The fundamental processes occurred then just as they do today. Without these in fire, human beings would not have survived—or been able to even begin. The discovery of fire was one of the earliest and greatest gifts to Humanity from the fundamental particles.

Eventually, human beings discovered sailing. This was possible because of gravity which is provided by the attractive spinning motion of the fundamental particles. It causes wind, which gave human beings the opportunities of distance, additional food, an increased understanding of the earth, and an introduction to other human beings.

During the Middle Ages gunpowder was discovered, following the use of fire itself as a weapon. Electron proximity disintegration during the oxidation of gunpowder instantly releases uncountable numbers of the fundamental particles with their awesome spinning motion, which with their acceleration processes sends projectiles to rapid speeds and great distances, or simply explodes with potentially stupendous effects. This discovery has continued to be developed and refined, significantly changing the history of Humankind in ways often devastating and sometimes productive.

The fundamental particles of matter, then, slowly, as with gunpowder, gave Humanity The Industrial Revolution based on the random spinning motion, or heat, of the fundamental particles which can impart their potent motion by means of fire into steam. Human beings discovered better how to control and direct this motion with momentous results still continuing. Without understanding electron proximity disintegration, they employed it—better and better once they got started in the right directions. The unacknowledged acceleration process contributed its incomparable abilities. Industry and trade were vastly expedited, and human beings prospered more than before.

Internal combustion engines followed, giving human beings even more of the opportunities of transportation and distance. By the electron proximity disintegration of oxidation, they transfer the spinning motion of the fundamental particles directly into the linear motion of vehicles. The rest of the Earth became more accessible.

Controlled electricity also contributed its disintegration and acceleration processes, and the activities of Humanity flowered and received more light.

Radio was another significant new use of the three fundamental processes of the fundamental particles. It is another example of informed particles of light. Tiny particles of certain sizes are accelerated in patterns that carry information. The same processes ultimately gave humans television, color television, cell phones and other hand-held devices, which are still being refined and developed. Computers ultimately became a part of this sequence. They are all the result of the discovery of new uses of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles that constitute the universe.

In the meantime, again without understanding, the particle formation, disintegration, and acceleration processes of the fundamental particles in atomic nuclei donated their stupendous stored motion to Humanity in the forms of weapons and more valuable positive enterprises.

New discoveries of how the fundamental particles—with their spinning motion at the speed of light—can be used in different ways are continuing at a rapid rate. This is where we are now. The activities of the Earth are moving faster, because more and more of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles is being successfully used, and it has an awesome ability to accelerate. The possibilities also are practically endless. Spinning motion is perfect for systems.

The greatest challenge before us is to understand how the fundamental particles constitute and provide life to the human body—for the immediate purpose of eliminating illness. This is possible, now that the awesome fundamental particles, with their spinning motion at the speed of light and their fundamental processes, have been identified. This study needs to begin with an explicit recognition of the existence the fundamental particles and their many abilities.

This brief description is a different but especially relevant History of Humanity from the point of view of the fundamental particles that initiated, established, and continue to develop Humanity. It is an especially condensed history in order to emphasize significant developments.

Using your imagination, consider the following question. What do you think the fundamental particles can provide to Humanity in the future—especially since human beings will now directly make many of the decisions regarding their application? Consider communication and transportation. What about lifespan? How exciting and positive do you think the future can be with this unique direct interaction?

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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44   A New Effort

Dear Human Being,

The current description by Science of the origin of the universe as an explosion—and an expansion, that supposedly still continues, following that explosion—is quite a mess. It shows what happens when there is no particle formation process to describe a universe that obviously totally consists of particles and their motion and in which particles are unquestionably known to form. It indicates the distortions that occur when the necessity of the existence of fundamental motion is ignored. Simultaneously, these shortcomings illustrate the consequences that occur when the importance of motion storage is not realized and when both a motion releasing and motion imparting process are absent.

How can a universe consisting of particles be described without a specific identifiable particle formation process, especially when it is acknowledged that new particles are formed—as they are known to do briefly in particle accelerators?

Regrettably, without a particle formation process, you get from Science such things as the curvature of space and the expansion of space, both of which somehow are claimed to occur without particles, and no processes (including fundamental motion) for these claimed phenomena are offered by Science. (The reason of course is that the required processes do not exist because the phenomena do not exist). You are also confronted with unsustainable ideas like the variability of time.

The projected age of the universe by Science, of about 13 billion years, is based primarily on two rationales: the red shift of light traveling through space, and the existence of what is called the 3K background microwave radiation. However, light is not understood by Science, especially its recombination (particle formation) and disintegration processes, and therefore the red shift—which occurs because of the disintegration process—cannot be accurately explained by Science. Further, the 3K microwave background radiation also cannot be understood when light is still a mystery to Science, and therefore its disintegration process cannot be identified as the basis or mechanism leading to diminishing particle sizes of this background radiation. All recombined particles steadily disintegrate, including particles of light as they travel through space. Eventually all particles of light disappear by this process, making night possible, and so a background radiation of this decomposing light—some of it near complete extinction by its own process—always exists in space. This background radiation has nothing at all to do with a big bang.

Another thing: Because scientists also are unaware of the fundamental particles of the universe, spinning at the speed of light, they are simultaneously unaware of the nature of heat, which is the spinning motion of those fundamental particles when they are uncombined and random. Therefore they also cannot comprehend, for a second reason, the fundamental mechanisms relating to the 3K background radiation which they therefore erroneously interpret. The temperature of 3 degrees Kelvin refers to a quantity of heat. Any measurement of temperature is possible only because of the acceleration process of these fundamental particles which must be dispersed by the disintegration process first.

The attribution of a Doppler effect to light traveling across space to explain the red shift is directly related to the ignorance by Science of light's disintegration process. It is also based on light as a wave, when it unquestionably consists of particles, a condition that enables them to disintegrate when moving.

The restorative recombination process potentially lengthens the existence of all recombined particles. It must be considered in any effort to understand the age of the universe. Its activity is significant.

There is no sufficient rationale to conclude that a big bang ever occurred or that the universe is expanding. Determining the age of the universe and its earlier history is an effort that must begin anew.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

45   The Tiny Accelerations of Time

Dear Human Being,

Time has never been understood by Humanity before now. The reason is that it has always been impossible to understand the phenomenon known as Time without a knowledge of the fundamental particles of the universe, their spinning motion, and their three fundamental processes, which currently are unknown by Science. The idea of Time emerges reasonably from these. The spinning motion constitutes the passage of what we measure as Time. The rate of this motion and the equality of the fundamental particles are responsible for its orderliness.

Time for human beings is necessarily particle based. It is an easily understandable mechanical phenomenon. To understand Time better, consider the following. Ask yourself two questions.

The first is: How can Time be so accurate? Or, why can it be measured so accurately? Remember that order can come only from order. Time is as orderly as it is, and can be measured so accurately, because the fundamental particles of the universe are all identical in mass, shape and size, and they are all spinning at the same speed which we call the speed of light. All of this order develops an orderly universe. It therefore possesses infinite order. This is why what we call Time can be measured accurately.

The fundamental particles allow the recombination process to create combined particles—from which what we call Time directly emerges. These combined particles are essentially the same: protons are like other protons, electrons are like other electrons, and neutrons are like other neutrons. Because of the identical motion of the fundamental particles, they therefore also act the same: protons act like other protons, electrons act like other electrons, and neutrons act like other neutrons. The disintegration processes of electrons and protons are essentially the same all over the universe and possess the same acceleration processes which add up to identical sequences that we measure and call Time. We measure sequences of tiny identical units of motion or acceleration by the fundamental particles that we may also designate as seconds, minutes, hours, days, years, centuries, and millenia. This is consistent with the fact that the universe is a creation by phenomena with identical motion. Do you perceive these tiny accelerations? They create the universe, and the ability to recognize and measure the phenomenon we call Time.

The second question is: Why does Time have essentially endless continuity? The answer of course is that the fundamental particles are spinning—or possess a type of motion inherently continuous. And secondly, at its phenomenal rate, the quantity of this motion is incomprehensibly huge. So Time possesses continuity and is not limited by quantity.

These two characteristics of Time are possible only with a particle based universe of identical fundamental particles with the same immense spinning motion.

They are the same characteristics that allow motion storage and release to create a universe that appears to be magical in its results but in reality consists of the totally predictable but almost unbelievable complexities of perfectly imparted intricate motion.

Human beings call the measureable regularity of these phenomena Time. It is a characteristic of the way the universe is constructed. Directly because of the disintegration process, a measurable regularity is possible. Notice that the concept of Time is physically dependent on these fundamental particles. Time undeniably has a specific physical basis. Where these particles are not, there is no Time. Since Time is measurable motion, Time does not occur where this motion does not exist. Therefore Time does not exist in empty space. There's nothing to measure there. There's no motion there. We human beings conceptualized and measure Time because it's useful to understand life better in terms of before and after. Time is not a separate mystical phenomenon of the universe which exists on its own apart from human beings and the rest of the universe that we know.

And now it's Time to end this Letter.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

46   A Scientific Clash

Dear Human Being,

From the point of view of the discovery of the fundamental particles in the late 1900's (the summer of 1980 specifically), there was a fascinating scientific clash in the 1600's. The two principals were Robert Boyle (1627-1691) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). Boyle, with the support of the Royal Society of England and especially Francis Bacon, was trying to change Science substantially by emphasizing the necessity of a repeatable scientific method for the discovery of new knowledge. He particularly stressed the necessity of experiments. Hobbes, who was already a well-known philosopher at the time, objected to Boyle's innovations primarily for one compelling reason. New knowledge had mostly been contributed by philosophers for centuries up to that time, and one of Hobbes' objections was that he believed that Boyle's recommendations would hand over the process of acquiring new knowledge to mere technicians, who could not be trusted with so august an assignment. For this responsibility, traditional philosophers were required, according to Hobbes. He thought that it was enough for philosophers to observe natural occurrences and conclude causes from effects and effects from causes by the use of ratiocination. (See _The Leviathan and the Air-Pump_ by Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer, a book largely dedicated to this quarrel.)

Clearly the importance of experimentation is universally accepted now. The general consensus is that Boyle won this difference. It is self-evident that experiments can yield valuable information.

However, the fact should also be recognized that Hobbes' doubts about the efficacy of experiments to produce truth were notably correct. Over 300 years have gone by since this disagreement, and innumerable experiments have been conducted during this time. Following these countless experiments, consider the status of fundamental Science and its inability to explain major phenomena. Consider the state of Fundamental Science:

A)  Science did not discover the fundamental particles, including their spinning motion at the speed of light, nor the three fundamental processes of the universe. These are still—centuries later—unknown to Science.

B)  Not having discovered the fundamental particles, which are responsible for light, Science claims that light is at the same time both a particle and a wave. It emphasizes light as a wave. The truth is that it consists of particles with some wavelike characteristics. Light is never a wave.

C)  Science is still unaware how particles of light are formed and accelerated, and that particles of light also disintegrate.

D)  Science has never discovered the reason for the speed of light.

E)  Relatedly, Science asserts that light is a form of energy, but this description falls seriously short, because the implication seems to be that it is pure energy, which is impossible. Pure energy cannot and does not exist.

F)  Not understanding light, Science cannot explain the most important characteristic of stars.

G)  Science cannot explain why light is discontinuous. This failure is related to its inability to understand light as a particle participating in particle formation, particle acceleration, and particle disintegration processes.

H)  Not understanding the fundamental particles and their spinning motion at the speed of light, and their capability of becoming random, Science is unaware of the nature of heat.

I)  Unaware of the nature of heat and the particle nature of light, Science remains unaware of how the sun provides heat to the Earth.

J)  Science is therefore unaware of the relationship between light and heat.

K)  According to Science, the disintegration of light traveling across space is a Doppler effect, resulting in one of the largest errors of Science ever. It is not a Doppler effect, which would require light to be a wave so that disintegration would not be occurring.

L)  Because of its failure to understand the disintegration of light, Science claims that the universe is expanding, one of the hugest errors possible.

M)  Because of its failure to understand the disintegration of light, Science claims that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, an even greater error than the claim that the universe is expanding, because it includes the two vast errors combined.

N)  Because of its failure to understand the disintegration of light, Science claims the existence of two phenomena, called dark matter and dark energy, neither of which exists.

O)  Unaware of the recombination process, or the particle formation process of the universe, Science claims that electrons are fundamental particles, leading to an inability to explain some of the most important phenomena of the universe, including life. Electrons are composite particles formed by the recombination process. Because of their motion storage ability and their accessibility in matter, they make profound contributions to the universe, especially to human life on Earth.

P)  Science is unaware that protons and neutrons also are formed by the recombination process. This leads directly to errors explaining their existence, such as their ability to hold together, both separately and in nuclei.

Q)  Unaware that electrons, protons, and neutrons disintegrate by the disintegration process, and that the disintegrated fundamental particles easily may become random, so that their spinning motion is heat, Science cannot explain the accumulation of heat at the centers of planets and concomitantly cannot explain volcanism. Instead they erroneously attribute volcanism to radioactivity, which Science also cannot explain—without a particle formation process.

R)  Unaware that electrons, protons, and neutrons are recombined particles that disintegrate, Science cannot explain gravity and gravitation, claiming that gravity is a curvature of space but offering no source of the motion imparted and equally offering no description of how it is imparted. Further, this idea includes an acceptance of the idea that gravity does not emerge from particles, a profound error in a universe consisting of particles and their motion.

S)  Unable to explain gravity and gravitation, Science is therefore unable to understand how stars, galaxies, solar systems, and planetary systems hold together.

T)  Not understanding the disintegration process of electrons and protons, or the acceleration process of disintegrated fundamental particles, Science is therefore unable to understand an atom.

U)  Not understanding the disintegration process of electrons and protons, or the acceleration process of disintegrated fundamental particles, Science erroneously claims that photons of light are responsible for electrical charge and magnetism, neither of which therefore is understood by Science, which clearly does not understand attraction. Photons do not impart the fundamental motions of electrical charge and magnetism.

V)  Not understanding the recombination process of particles of light and the impact disintegration of particles of light, Science is unable to understand photosynthesis. Following these impacts, the water molecule is separated by the spinning motion of separated fundamental particles to free oxygen, and the remaining hydrogen becomes available for electron proximity disintegration to provide spinning motion for plant cells to perform their activities.

W)  Asserting that electrons are fundamental particles and failing to understand the recombination, disintegration, and acceleration processes, Science is unable to understand or explain the activities constituting the life of cells including the participation of DNA.

X)  Asserting that electrons are fundamental particles, and failing to understand the recombination, disintegration, and acceleration processes, Science is unable to explain how vehicles move.

Y)  Failing to recognize the recombination process, Science mistakenly concludes that new particles formed in particle accelerators are the result of the transformation of energy into mass, and go on to conclude, again mistakenly, that the idea of exchange particles is validated by the misinterpreted appearance of these new particles, which are simply the result of the universal recombination process. These instantaneous particles do not validate the idea of exchange particles and leave unexplained the phenomena under investigation.

Z)  Failing to understand the existence of the fundamental particles and the importance of their spinning motion and three fundamental processes, Science is seeking to invalidate causality. This spinning motion is in fact the causal motion of the entire universe including human beings and other forms of life.

One alphabet of errors is enough. Hobbes was overwhelmingly correct to be concerned that experiments would not yield reliable conclusions. In the case of fundamental Science and the nature of the universe, they haven't. A huge price has been paid because Science has been willing for so long to ignore the obvious—such as the motion that gravitation imparts, the motion imparted to light, and the storage of motion. The infrastructure of being has been available for decades in the most basic experiments of electrical charge. Profound truth has always been readily available, and it was there waiting even for Hobbes.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

47   Grasping Usefulness

Dear Human Being,

The philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588—1679) stated the following in 1661 in his paper, "Dialogus Physicus," or "A Physical Dialogue of the Nature of the Air" (included as an appendix to Leviathan and the Air-Pump by Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer and translated by Simon Schaffer):

In physics books many things present themselves which cannot be grasped, such as those things said of rarefaction and condensation, of immaterial substances, of essences and many other things: which if you try to explain with their words, it is useless, and with your own, you will say nothing.

These statements are still true. After more than 350 years, Science still does not understand and cannot explain almost all fundamental phenomena. For example, Science still does not understand particle formation and therefore understands very little about the mass of the universe or the linear sequence of its formation from individual particles to superclusters of galaxies. Science does not understand that light is formed by a particle formation process and accelerated by an acceleration process, both of which are conducted by identical fundamental particles. It does not know the origin of the speed of light. Science is unaware of the origin of Time. It cannot explain gravity or gravitation by particles and instead includes a weird rationale depending on the curving of space or the curvature of nothing. This is definitely paper science only. Science does not realize that the agent of gravity and gravitation must be accelerated upward from the gravitating body in order to be present where the motion of gravitation is imparted. It is unaware of the fundamental motion of the universe and therefore fails to understand almost the totality of how the universe acts including the movement of life. Science does not understand heat, electricity, or magnetism. Electrons and photons are construed as elementary or fundamental particles, and they definitely are not. The three fundamental processes are not present in modern scientific explanations. Further, other mythical concepts, in addition to the curvature of space, are included, such as: exchange particles, virtual particles, the equality of mass and energy, the flexibility of Time, an expanding universe, the acceleration of that expansion, dark energy, and a Higgs field.

In this appended paper, Hobbes also stated in a section called "To the Reader": "Nature does all things by the conflict of bodies pressing each other mutually with their motions."

By this statement Hobbes was approaching the actual truth—over 350 years ago as mentioned. Evidently he failed to pursue rigorously the implications of the very relevant idea that he suggested. Using this approach, Science could have discovered the fundamental particles long ago. All that was necessary was to insist on following the implications of observed motion. For example, if an object receives motion from gravitation, then an agent with motion _necessarily_ is there in space imparting that motion. There is no other possibility. If an electron gains mass when accelerated, then it is receiving mass. Realizing the origin of that acceleration and the origin of that newly observed mass is relatively easy. The truth was begging scientists to see it.

As Hobbes stated, Physics has never been able to offer satisfactory physical explanations according to fundamental mechanics. But Now—for the first time in human history—it can. The fundamental particles, with their spinning motion at the speed of light and their three fundamental abilities, are there. They are here. They are us. They are the universe. The knowledge of their presence and their nature will permit a much better future for Humanity—one that permits readily available understanding for persons of all ages on a daily basis. Imagine the consequences!

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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48   Medium of Understanding

Dear Human Being,

The word laser of course means "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation." Did you ever wonder what's really going on inside a laser? The three fundamental processes of the fundamental particles provide that valuable understanding of how this amplification occurs. They allow you to look inside a laser.

The first sentence of the Wikipedia article "Stimulated Emission" is "Stimulated emission is the process by which an incoming photon of a specific frequency can interact with an excited electron (or other excited molecular state) causing it to drop to a lower energy level." However, most of the words in this sentence are not understandable—yet. There has never been a specific meaningful explanation of an "excited electron."

A laser typically has what is called a gain medium, a light (or energy) source, and a mirror system by which a bright reflector is on one end and a semitransparent reflector is at the other end. The gain medium can be a solid, a liquid, or a gas, but its most important characteristic is the electrons of its molecules. The gain refers to the amplification that occurs in this medium. How does one of these electrons become "excited"? Remember that the discovery of the fundamental particles reveals that particles of light are recombined particles—recombined of fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light. And remember that electrons also are recombined particles—of the same composition as particles of light.

So when a photon of the provided light strikes one of the electrons of the gain medium, the photon instantly disintegrates against the electron by the impact disintegration process into its constituent fundamental particles. At the point of impact, the electron will also be somewhat disintegrated, by the impact and by the released spinning motion of the disintegrated particle of light. An electron surrounded by this extra mass of disintegrated fundamental particles is what is meant by an "excited" electron. The fundamental particles of this extra mass are spinning at the speed of light.

The conditions of this "excited" electron are then ideal for the recombination process to occur. It does, and a new photon is formed with a slightly larger mass than the original photon that just struck the electron. This new somewhat larger photon is then accelerated to the speed of light by the normal acceleration process of available fundamental particles.

This is specifically how light is "amplified" by a laser. A slightly larger particle of light appears to replace the disintegrated one. Amplification may even continue as long as the photons (and its successors) continue to experience the disintegration, recombination, and acceleration processes inside the laser—until the final departure of the latest in this series of enlarged particles of light from the semitransparent end of the laser.

Obviously, following the recombination and acceleration of the new photon, the electron will "drop to a lower energy level." It reverts to the less "excited" state of having a more normal and perhaps even lesser quantity of mass.

The chaotic environment inside the gain medium will tend to create a climate of extra fundamental particles inside that busy space. These will also readily recombine upon contact with whatever particles they encounter and contribute to the recombination processes constantly occurring.

Incidentally, the cutting ability of lasers illustrates even again the impact disintegration processes of particles of light followed instantaneously by the acceleration processes which do the actual cutting with the spinning motion at the speed of light. This cutting is more practically effective because the particles of light emerging from the end of the laser are also intentionally concentrated by the mirror system, thereby delivering more disintegrated fundamental particles, spinning at the speed of light, to any target site.

This is a new explanation of how a laser works, and as you can see, lasers demonstrate the dynamic and intimate relationships between the three fundamental processes of the fundamental particles.

Notice that this description also offers an explanation of the "absorption" of light.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

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49   Stars and People

Dear Human Being,

The fundamental particles explain stars in general because they and their spinning motion create the stars. They create all of the stars—every single one. Therefore they also explain what is meant by variable stars. And by variable stars I mean those that are variable intrinsically—not those that vary because something regularly gets in the way of observing them.

Stars are first formed by the spinning motion of disintegrated fundamental particles, following particle formation. Protons disintegrate, and the spinning motion of disintegrated fundamental particles from protons adds attractive motion to electrons, forming atoms, molecules and bodies of mass. Large masses accumulate in space by this simple method. Once the mass of a star is in place, however, the protons and electrons (and neutrons to an extent) continue to disintegrate. At this point the star is not conspicuously shining—it's not forming much light yet by the three processes that form light. However, as time goes by, these fundamental particles, disintegrated in such great numbers, tend to accumulate—there are so many of them. The locus of accumulation of the greatest number of them is the center of a star. As more and more of these fundamental particles accumulate, a star shines more brightly as the recombination and acceleration processes take advantage of this accumulation. In these earlier stages, the light from a star tends to be bluer. In other words, the abundance of accumulated fundamental particles permits the recombination and acceleration of larger particles of light.

Obviously, however, the inward action of gravitation is competing against the outward action of light accelerating through the star and away. Motion is being imparted in opposite directions—toward and away. The effects of this competition will not be as noticeable during the youth of the star. But it will be occurring just the same. After eons, however, the competition becomes more noticeable. The star is becoming less vigorous in both instances. Because it is continuously accelerating mass away from itself primarily in the forms of light and gravity, it has less mass to support its gravitational behavior. And its diminution in mass by the steady acceleration of light and gravity away from itself also results in a steadily decreasing disintegration of fundamental particles toward its center. One main observable effect is the slow but continuous reddening of its light—over time the slow but relentless formation of almost imperceptibly smaller particles of light. (Compare this to the bluer light at the beginning of a star's formation.) The other main observable effect is the extremely slow but unmistakable failure of gravity to maintain the density of fundamental particles at its center. The outwardly accelerating light and gravity begins to succeed against the continuing gravitational attraction of the star, so that cycles develop as gravity and light recombination (and acceleration) dominate by turns. _These cycles represent the intrinsic variability of the star._ Periods of more intense formation and acceleration alternate with periods of less intense light formation and acceleration. The pulsing of a star is the more extreme manifestation of these cycles.

Notice that a red giant demonstrates the prolonged development of both of these cycles. The redness constitutes the extreme decrease in the number of fundamental particles available for recombination, so that smaller or redder particles of light are predominantly formed and accelerated. And the extreme magnitude of a red giant demonstrates the simultaneous weakening of its gravity. Notice that this description, based on the fundamental particles with their spinning motion and three fundamental processes, therefore unifies the changes in a star's light during its lifetime, the changes in its sizes or its variability during its lifetime, and its initial primary nature in the sky as a coalescing body that sends out light, heat, and gravity from itself. Needless to say, it coincidentally explains the speed of the light from stars by the rate of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles which enact the acceleration process. (Recall that the disintegration process inside stars also explains the slow progress toward the nova and supernova statuses of especially large stars, as well as the red shift of the light that has left stars—another unification.)

Stars are the intermediate systems that are the prelude to people. They are the formative and necessary antecedents of people. Their variability is related to the differences of people. Their sameness is comparable to the sameness of people. Stars and people are especially intimately related. The word "Family" is not inappropriate. A star is the first member of all families.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

50   Your Personal Conclusions

Dear Human Being,

You can draw your own personal conclusions about the fundamental particles of the universe. You don't have to depend on these Letters. You can analyze an experiment.

Consider the well-known deceptively simple experiment of electrical charge using two chargeable balls, a glass rod, and a rubber rod. The rubber rod can be used to add electrons to one of the balls, and the glass rod can be used to remove electrons from the other ball. Adding electrons to a ball emphasizes the electrical charge of the electrons of the ball. Removing electrons from a ball emphasizes the electrical charge of its protons.

When these additions and removals occur, something profoundly informative happens. When the two chargeable balls are hung in proximity to each other, but are not allowed to touch, they will become suspended in mid-air toward each other. Clearly each ball is receiving lateral motion allowing it to be able to defy the downward motion added by gravitation. There is no other possible explanation.

The First Two conclusions possible from this experiment are that something is leaving the electrons of the ball with added electrons, and something is leaving the protons of the ball with removed electrons. These conclusions are simple and quite obvious because each ball is similarly lifted up in space toward the other one.

The Third conclusion from this experiment is also straightforward. This conclusion is: To constitute electrical charge, what is leaving the electrons and what is leaving the protons of the chargeable balls is _spinning particles_. The reason is that the only phenomenon in the universe that can attract is moving spinning particles. Moving spinning particles can attract because they can arrive from one direction and impart motion by their spins in the opposite direction. This is attraction, and no other phenomenon can accomplish it. Further, the only type of motion that can be stored in electrons and protons is the motion of spinning particles.

The Fourth conclusion, of especially great importance, is that the electron is NOT an elementary or fundamental particle. It is a composite particle. It is a composite particle whose spinning particles are departing from it. This is of incomparable importance because the electron is designated by Modern Science as a fundamental or elementary particle—not composite. This is an important reason that electrical charge has never been understood before by Science. However the contributions of the electron to Humanity as a composite particle are magnificent.

The Fifth conclusion from this experiment—of immeasurably huge importance—is that there is a level of reality below the lowest one now known by Modern Science. In other words, there is another level of unknown atomic particles below the currently known level consisting of electrons, protons, and neutrons. I call these the fundamental particles. You may want to give them a different name.

The Sixth conclusion is that these fundamental particles also constitute protons and neutrons. There are two reasons. One is that electrical charge is coming from protons as well as electrons. The second is that both electrons and protons are among the products of the disintegration of a free neutron. These facts suggest that all three particles consist of the same fundamental particles.

The Seventh conclusion from this experiment is that since electrons and protons clearly are disintegrating, there is a fundamental disintegration process. This is consistent with a fundamental disintegration process that we already know about—of a free neutron.

The Eighth conclusion is that since there is a fundamental disintegration process, there also must be a fundamental integration process—because electrons and protons cannot disintegrate unless they were first integrated. I call this process the recombination process. You may want to give it a different name.

The Ninth conclusion from this experiment is that this fundamental integration or recombination process is the particle formation process of the universe in which everything is made of particles and in which new particles are known to be formed. The infinite abundance and importance of electrons, protons, and neutrons in the universe support this conclusion. This conclusion is also supported by the fact that the fundamental particles are spinning, and therefore possess a means by which to adhere together to form single composite particles.

The Tenth conclusion, already indicated, is that electrons, protons, and neutrons reasonably are formed by this integration or recombination process.

The Eleventh conclusion from this experiment, going back to the ability of the spinning fundamental particles to impart attractive motion to the chargeable balls, is that there is also a fundamental acceleration process. This conclusion is supported by the general observation that electrical charge obviously can impart motion. (It also follows from the realization that particle formation by spinning is essentially accelerative.) The two balls hanging in mid-air are obviously being accelerated toward each other.

The Twelfth conclusion, recalling that an electrical current consists of electrons in motion, and realizing that these electrons must be individually accelerated, and considering that the fundamental acceleration process is reasonably concluded to be the mechanism, and remembering that the rate of electrical acceleration is approximately the speed of light, is that the rate of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles in this experiment is the speed of light.

The Thirteenth conclusion from this experiment is that the rate of the spinning motion of the fundamental particles in this experiment and elsewhere is the origin of the speed of light in the universe. It's reasonable, it follows, it is an obvious origin, and there is no other possibility.

The Fourteenth conclusion is that particles of light are accelerated by the acceleration process of the fundamental particles, and that this is why they always travel at the linear speed of light.

The Fifteenth conclusion from this experiment is that since it has been concluded that electrons, protons, and neutrons are formed by a particle formation process of the fundamental particles, and since it is reasonable that particles of light are accelerated by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, the idea naturally follows that particles of light are formed by the same particle formation process as electrons, protons, and neutrons—just prior to their acceleration.

The Sixteenth conclusion is that the speed of light is embedded in two phenomena, not just one: the linear speed of light of particles of light and of electrons in electric current, and the spinning motion of the fundamental particles, which is a circular speed. The speed of light embedded in the fundamental particles is the prior one.

The Seventeenth conclusion from this experiment is that since gravity emerges from particles of mass, which result from the particle formation process of the fundamental particles, the motion of gravitation is also imparted by these spinning particles which have already been concluded to possess the ability to attract and to possess an acceleration process. Also, since gravitation is an attraction, it requires spinning particles, which must be responsible for attraction.

The Eighteenth conclusion is that all of the universe is conspicuously and intimately unified by these fundamental particles and their spinning motion.

If you think about it, you may realize that even ANOTHER conclusion is possible, a Nineteenth. Because the chargeable balls in the experiment are hanging without noticeable incidental motion, and because electrons, protons, and neutrons are such efficient composite particles, appearing in infinite numbers, it follows that the fundamental particles are identical to each other, especially when they have already been concluded to be spinning at an identical speed, the speed of light. The efficiency of the universe also supports this idea.

These conclusions can be compared to those which are possible from the results occurring in particle accelerators. For example, the increase in mass of electrons accelerated to high speeds in particle accelerators is a dramatic demonstration of the particle formation process, as is the sudden occurrence of many particles existing only briefly in these devices. Their equally sudden disappearance also is a compelling demonstration of the disintegration process. Even more obvious, the acceleration of electrons in particle accelerators can be concluded to be by the spinning motion of the fundamental particles. This is precisely why the acceleration of these electrons is limited by the speed of light.

So you see, this basic experiment with electrons and protons using chargeable balls is actually full of the most important information. It allows you to draw your own valid conclusions about the nature of the universe. These conclusions are yours.

These conclusions have long been available to everyone including scientists, as similar ones have also been available to scientists from the use of particle accelerators.

You are in a position to consider your own conclusions, based on experiment. Welcome to the personally understandable universe!

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

51   The Novelty of Light

Dear Human Being,

A novel and ingenious experiment that will clarify the nature of light is possible. It is also a historic experiment.

It's this. Arrange for a linear accelerator, a type of particle accelerator that accelerates particles in a straight line, to accelerate electrons, but omit the electrons. Instead, send light. The light will thus be subjected to the same acceleration process of the accelerator that is used to accelerate electrons and in which electrons gain in mass. _The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate that the recombination process occurs to particles of light exactly as it does to electrons being accelerated, without motion being added to the light during the experiment._

The effect of the continuing acceleration process of the accelerator on the particles of light will be interesting and revealing. Measurements of the masses of these particles of light, before and after the operation of the accelerator, will indicate that the recombination process has occurred—the fundamental process that creates new particles from the fundamental particles or that restoratively adds fundamental particles to those particles already formed. In this case the restorative recombination process will occur. The differences in mass that occur to these particles of light will be detectable.

This same experiment can also convincingly be conducted with all of the different types of particles of light, such as radio, microwave, infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light, for additional elucidation.

This experiment will confirm the existence of the fundamental particles, the existence of the recombination process (and by extension the existence of the acceleration and disintegration processes) and the fact that particles of light are recombined particles that consist of matter. It will demonstrate that the increase in mass of electrons accelerated in particle accelerators does not result from the conversion of motion (or energy) into mass, but by the fundamental recombination process. By indicating the existence of the fundamental particles, it will confirm the reason for the speed of light. It will suggest the method of acceleration of particles of light. It will show that spinning motion at the speed of light is an integral part of all matter including human beings.

This experiment is parallel to the procedure by which electrons gain significantly in mass when accelerated in particle accelerators. It will echo the relationship between particles of light and electrons, and by extension the identical relationship between particles of light and protons and neutrons and the variety of other particles created temporarily in particle accelerators.

This is a historic experiment.

Incidentally, the larger the particle of light, the greater will be the effect of the increase in mass, because larger particles have greater surface areas on which recombination can occur. Therefore the gamma particle will show the most increase in mass of particles of light. The gradient with different types of particles of light from large to small, in addition, will help to confirm that different varieties of particles of light are primarily different because they possess different quantities of mass.

There is also a simpler version of this experiment that can be done without a particle accelerator. This is possible because of the nature of heat newly revealed by the discovery of the fundamental particles. As in the version of the experiment using a linear particle accelerator, send beams of different varieties of light down a pathway. Beneath this beam, place a heat source, such as any number of oil-filled electric heaters. Quantify the light at the beginning of the experiment with appropriate measuring devices. The same measurements taken when heat is being added to the light will indicate changes in the light that are the result of the restorataive recombination process occurring to the particles of light passing above the heat source. Different sizes of particles of light will recombine different quantities of mass, with larger particles recombining more along a gradient. Incidentally, and this is important, this second version of the experiment can be performed with electrons first to relate the changes in mass of electrons accelerated in particle accelerators to the changes in mass of the particles of light accelerated in this experiment. This version of the experiment relates the fundamental particles used to accelerate electrons by electricity and magnetism in particle accelerators to the (random) fundamental particles whose spinning motion constitutes heat in this experiment. Many laboratories can perform this simpler version, which is also historic.

Light is still novel. But it's right at the edge of being far far better understood.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

52   The Novelty of Heat

Dear Human Being,

Another historic experiment is possible. Take an oil-filled electric heater and place it below a container capable of sustaining a vacuum. Suspend in this container objects of predetermined mass and weight at room temperature. Create the vacuum. Activate the heater. After a selected period of time, re-determine the masses, weights, and volumes of the objects being investigated. With equipment of sufficient sensitivity, these objects will be found to have gained in mass, increased in weight, and to have expanded in volume.

The rationale is as follows. Fundament particles, whose spinning motion is heat when they are random, will leave the heater and effortlessly cross the vacuum of the container and reach the objects being investigated. Some of these fundamental particles will become recombined to the particles constituting these objects, increasing their masses and weights. Others will by the acceleration process increase their volumes.

Because the transfer in this experiment occurs without the intermediation of atoms and molecules, it demonstrates that heat does not consist of tiny movements of atoms and molecules. The experiment shows that heat is able to exist without atoms and molecules because it is able to cross a vacuum. Each fundamental particle contains a tiny quantity of mass. Each fundamental particle that recombines with the atoms and molecules of an object under scrutiny adds a tiny quantity or unit of mass to the object and therefore a tiny amount of measureable weight. Fundamental particles that do not recombine will contribute by their spinning motion to the increased volumes of these measureable objects—or go on by.

This experiment will demonstrate the existence of the fundamental particles and the nature of heat including the acceleration process of heat and therefore of the fundamental particles.

Heat is still novel. But it's right at the threshold of being far far better understood.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

53   A Perfect Opportunity

Dear Human Being,

A light mill, or Crookes radiometer, provides additional confirmation of the fundamental particles, their processes, and the understanding of heat. This device demonstrates that light reaching the surfaces of vanes on a spindle in a partially evacuated sealed glass tube, containing some gas, can cause this construction to spin around. But the correct reason has never been understood.

The Wikipedia article, "Crookes Radiometer," contains the following sentence early in the article: "The reason for the rotation was a cause of much scientific debate in the ten years following the invention of the device...." The reason for the debate, of course, was that neither the nature of light nor the nature of heat was understood by anyone during that time. It's enlightening that the nature of neither is understood by Science even now.

The vanes are usually formed with a shiny or light surface on one side and a black surface on the other side. What is significant is that the vanes turn with the light vanes leading the way. The explanation emerges from the nature of light and heat when clarified by the activities of the fundamental particles. When light reaches the light surfaces, the particles of light disintegrate into separate fundamental particles. The spinning motion of the disintegrated particles, spinning at the speed of light, then recombines new particles of light and accelerates them away, causing these surfaces to appear light. The important point is that the disintegrated fundamental particles, by acting to recombine and accelerate new particles of light consequently are unable to expend their motion as much on the surfaces of the vanes.

On the other hand, the particles of light reaching the dark surfaces also disintegrate into separate fundamental particles but engage in particle recombination and acceleration significantly less. The proof is that these surfaces remain dark. Consequently, the spinning motion of the un-combining fundamental particles, which is heat, acts against the dark vane surfaces, accelerating them. The result is that the vanes and spindle move around with the light surfaces of the vanes leading. This is in fact a perfect explanation of the mechanics of the light mill. It also explains why, if the glass is cooled, the direction of the vanes is reversed.

The reason for the necessity of the small percentage of gas molecules in the sealed tube is probably that their constituent particles, when accelerated by the light particles against the darker surfaces with their accumulating heat, tend to lose additional fundamental particles by the disintegration process and therefore more spinning motion becomes available for the acceleration of the dark surfaces.

There was another way to generally understand the light mill at the time it was introduced in 1873 by William Crookes. This was that if the vanes of the mill were receiving motion, they had to be receiving that motion from matter with motion. This was actually a promising way to understand the nature of light far earlier. Science could have turned into a profoundly different and far more accurate direction at that time, if the appropriate reasoning and openness of mind had been used. However, the nature of light was being significantly misconstrued (as a wave), and Humanity lost that opportunity.

Now the light mill can be much better understood, as well as light, heat, motion, matter, and the entire rest of the universe. Humanity is almost ready to begin engaging the universe on its own terms assisted, as usual, by the forward motion of the fundamental particles.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

54   Normal Continuing Variations

Dear Human Being,

I recommend the following experiment.

Take a glass container at room temperature and partially fill it with canola oil or some other comparable liquid at room temperature. Weigh it. Put the container holding the liquid into a freezer, like the one of a normal refrigerator.

Throughout a day or more, the liquid in the container will slowly become solid. When weighed, it will weigh less than it did before the container was placed in a freezer.

The reason for this result is as follows. Heat is the spinning motion, at the speed of light, of the fundamental particles of the universe when these fundamental particles are independent and random. Because of their size, shape, mass, and spinning motion, these spinning fundamental particles have three abilities: to recombine other particles, to accelerate other particles, and to disintegrate from recombined particles. When they are recombined, new composite particles appear. When they are emitted into space in patterns from these composite particles, their spinning motion is not heat but electrical charge, magnetism, or gravitation. When they are emitted and become random, their spinning motion as stated, acting randomly, becomes heat.

Each fundamental particle has a tiny amount of mass around which the spinning motion occurs. The electrons, protons, and neutrons of the glass and liquid in the experiment are steadily emitting fundamental particles, as all recombined particles do according to the disintegration process. They are steadily losing mass. Many of these disintegrated particles by various collisions inside the freezer become random, and their spinning motion therefore becomes heat. When the freezer removes the heat from the glass container and liquid, it also removes the mass of each of the fundamental particles removed from the glass and liquid. Consequently, the glass and liquid possess less mass than they did when the glass with liquid inside was placed inside the freezer.

This is why the glass weighs less and also the liquid weighs less after being subjected to the operations of the freezer to remove heat.

This experiment indicates the existence of the recombination and disintegration processes, the existence of the fundamental particles of the universe, and the nature of heat. The relationship of heat with light indicates that the fundamental particles are spinning at the speed of light.

The glass and the liquid will each weigh less during each unit of time that they remain in the freezer. Both the glass and the liquid will each gradually weigh more during each succeeding unit of time after being removed from the freezer because of the heat of the normal room temperature of the room into which it is re-introduced. This is because the restorative recombination process begins to occur to the particles of the glass and its liquid. Eventually the glass and liquid will remain at a constant temperature which will essentially be the normal temperature of the room. The disintegration and recombination processes will become balanced.

This is a compelling experiment. (It should be kept in mind that motion does not weigh anything—even though motion is the main component of weight.)

Further, the mass of all objects, everywhere in the universe, is steadily varying in accordance with the ideas of this experiment.

The mass of a human being is constantly changing. The mass of each part of your body is constantly changing. These are normal continuing variations. Exciting, isn't it, to suddenly learn something this interesting about oneself?

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

55   Fundamental Wondering

Dear Human Being,

Do you remember that particle accelerators sometimes create new particles that last only the tiniest fractions of seconds? Examples are mesons, the W and Z particles, and muons. These ephemeral particles are created by the recombination process following the disintegration process when particles such as protons are accelerated against targets. The new particles instantaneously disintegrate because the structures or configurations of these temporary particles, consisting of spinning fundamental particles, are not structures or configurations of fundamental particles that can endure.

Particles of light identically also are only created by the recombination process following disintegration, and then accelerated by the acceleration process. They obviously possess structures or configurations able to endure for long periods of time.

So I'm wondering. I wonder if, when particles of light are recombined and accelerated, sometimes new particles of light are created that also do not possess the inherent structures or configurations of fundamental particles able to endure—and so they immediately or disintegrate relatively quickly.

Extra heat would be an indicator of immediate disintegration, since the original discovery of the fundamental particles indicates that heat is the spinning motion, at the speed of light, of fundamental particles when they are separate and random. Therefore disintegrated particles immediately disperse heat into their surroundings.

I was just wondering. As you can see, the fundamental particles obviously help us to understand light much better. And this is a totally new and unexplored area of light.

Curiosity is fundamental wondering. The fundamental particles added this to human beings for good reasons. I wonder if temporary particles of light are ever formed that disintegrate instantaneously because they don't have the necessary configurations or structures to endure like the rest. I think they are.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

56   The Spirit of Galileo

Dear Human Being,

It occurs to me that Galileo and I have something in common that spans the centuries.

In the 1600's, the general view was that the Earth was the center of the universe. It was believed that the sun and its other planets revolved around the Earth. Supposedly the heavens were also divided into spheres. The spheres surrounding the Earth were construed to be perfect, while the Earth was characterized as imperfect.

Galileo and some others, however, believed that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun. He found four moons revolving around Jupiter which offer a model supporting the idea that the Earth is not the center of the heavens. He also saw spots on the sun which suggested imperfections in a sphere asserted to be perfect by church authorities.

Accelerate to the 21st century. Now the general view of _scientific_ authorities is that the entire universe is expanding—and that the rate of expansion is increasing. Scientists detect a red shift in the light from distant stars which they interpret as a Doppler effect indicating the rapid departure of those stars in all directions. This is unquestionably a dubious interpretation, since it is modeled on the Doppler effect of sound, and light is a totally different phenomenon which travels dramatically faster than sound. Further, this rationale is also firmly based on the conclusion that the light in question consists of waves—although light in other contexts needs to consist of particles for explanatory purposes. In fact, the nature of light has never ever been identified by Science. This red shift is more pronounced for more distant stars, suggesting to scientists depending on this rationale an even more rapid departure of stars at that distance. They also have discovered a generalized background radiation, which they call the 3K cosmic background radiation, and which they claim is the residue of the origin of the universe in a big bang responsible for the concluded expansion.

However, the discovery of the fundamental particles indicates that electrons, proton, neutrons, and particles of light are made of these fundamental particles which are spinning at the speed of light and which have the abilities to recombine and accelerate larger particles than themselves. The recombined particles also steadily and necessarily disintegrate, because they are dynamically recombined, and therefore a different conclusion thus emerges—that this disintegration instead is responsible for the observed red shift—and NOT a Doppler effect. According to this analysis, the red shift would AUTOMATICALLY be greater for more distant stars, and thus AUTOMATICALLY account for the greater red shift of more distant stars. In fact, there should be a definite continuous gradation of red shift across distance. The reason couldn't be more simple: more distance, more disintegration, and therefore more red shift. Constantly repeated events in particle accelerators have endlessly provided proof of the recombination, acceleration, and disintegration processes and the existence of the fundamental particles—although so far scientists haven't noticed them.

Relatedly, it can also be concluded that the detected 3K background microwave radiation is again simply the result of the disintegration process of the particles of light traveling across the space of the universe. In fact this background radiation is a corroboration of the existence of the disintegration process and indirectly of the other two and of the existence of the fundamental particles spinning at the speed of light—as is similarly the red shift. The acceleration process, which imparts to particles of light their signature linear speed, is an especially strong corroboration of the existence of these fundamental particles with their spinning motion. (The fundamental particles additionally explain the periodic table, heat, atoms, molecules, gravitation, volcanism, electricity, magnetism, weather, and life.)

Therefore, like Galileo, but over 350 years later, it is necessary to contend that the general view of the universe propounded by the authorities—scientific ones this time—is once again profoundly wrong. The universe unquestionably is not expanding, and there is likewise no basis for a claim that an expansion is accelerating, since the disintegration process quite reasonably explains both phenomena. (This is even another unification.) There are many other problems attending the idea of a big bang.

This current error is just as far-reaching as the earlier one in the time of Galileo. But the current error is far more egregious than that one because Science has developed the ability to know far better and so much time has elapsed since then for understanding. The nature of particle formation and therefore the nature of light, and the nature of acceleration in the universe all should have been discovered by Science long ago and certainly by now.

Fortunately, one disagreeing with the scientific authorities regarding the nature of the Earth and the universe is not at risk to lose his or her life at this time. This is a welcome development. Because times have changed, it is certain also that no individual will be sentenced, like Galileo, to house arrest until he or she dies—or worse. I also appreciate that.

And for each of us, knowing the circumstances of being a human being is just as important now as to anyone who ever lived. So, the authorities need to be advised: Don't tell us SO much wrong, SO easily, about SO much, and about what is SO important! We are Humanity! The truth-seeking Spirit of Galileo is the Spirit of Humanity. It is OUR SPIRIT. We want to know the REAL truth about ourselves—not a universe of mathematical fiction. We need reality. Only reality is acceptable! It's mandatory!!! And you've inexcusably twisted and distorted not only what we are but also where we are and even where we are going, for far too long! Fortunately for us we were able to find out the Truth for ourselves!

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

#

57   The Best Universe Possible

Dear Human Being,

The discovery of the fundamental particles represents a new discovery of the universe. It's the discovery of _the inside of the universe_ and the discovery of _the creation of the universe_. It's the second discovery of the universe, because now we know what it is all the way through instead of just on the outside—and we also know a lot more about that. The fundamental particles tell us for the first time what light is, what an electron is, what a proton is, what a neutron is, what nuclei are, what gravity is, and what electrical charge and magnetism are. They tell us how particles of light, electrons, protons, neutrons, and nuclei come into existence. They tell us exactly what a human being is—all the way through.

The additional answers that we seek will come from the fundamental particles with their spinning motion at the speed of light and their three fundamental processes. These fundamental particles hold the answers to the nature of diseases and their cures. They are the path to future discoveries and adventures of Humanity. They are the way to final answers. They are the foundation of understanding. They have much more to reveal about life, the quality of life, and the length of life which will be significantly extended.

There is one final answer that's already here. And that's the value of Humanity and of every human being. A human being represents the ultimate capability of the universe. And for that reason, a human being represents its greatest value.

And there's even more. For ultimate success, each human being needs to discover the maximum capabilities within herself and himself that the fundamental particles make possible. And it's easy to underestimate them! The obvious direction is set the goal to discover the most that you are and can ever be, helping others to do the same. And even then, you have almost certainly underestimated yourself. The fundamental particles are surprising—and they are waiting to surprise you.

That's the best you possible. That's the best Humanity possible. And that's the best universe possible. Let's start with the best you possible.

Sincerely yours,  
A Human Being

# POSTSCRIPT

There is a profound difference between these ideas—these explanations of the universe and Humanity—and other attempts accepted by Modern Science to explain reality, such as the two relativity theories and the quantum theory. The difference is this: the ideas in these Letters obviously do not originate in mathematics.

They do not appear out of equations by the manipulation of numbers and the substitution of lines and curves for reality.

They come out of reality itself. They come out of the universe, surviving the most demanding logic. And although they do not depend on numbers for their appearance, clearly they can be subjected to quantification for evaluation and increased understanding.

This is the reason that this theory is so understandable and different. The early realization which led directly to all of these truths—the recombination process—was the answer to a question about simple necessity. Something has to be leaving electrons and protons for electrical charge to exist. And something is. I simply asked, "What is it?" Science didn't have an answer because no loss of mass from electrons and protons had ever been detected. And Science didn't challenge that finding. But it was still undeniably obvious that something was leaving electrons and protons, although Science inexplicably was ignoring the blatantly obvious. I asked, "Why?"

"Something must be recombining," I then thought, "to restore the losses." That answer led directly to the recombination process and the fundamental particles—and to a new level of reality just below that of electrons and protons (and also just below that of neutrons and particles of light, as it turned out). It equally led directly to the spinning motion, at the speed of light, of the fundamental particles, which is also a necessary basis for the form and activities of the universe.

Because of the history of these ideas—emerging from reality and not mathematics—not one is complex, difficult, bizarre, or radical. They follow each other automatically as a series of simple self-evident connected truths.

That's the difference. Here the nature of reality comes first. Here the truth comes first. It's right there in front of your eyes. Constants and equations are attempts to standardize the repetitive underlying activities of the fundamental particles of the universe, which are identical in size, mass, shape, motion, and the rate of their spinning motion, and so continue to manifest the same behaviors to produce the enduring order of the universe. Now the constants and equations of any discipline can be related to the specific actual underlying activities to which they refer—as manifestations of the true nature of the underlying reality.

The nature of reality, in the form of human beings, can now understand the nature of reality, and this is truly a special marvel of the universe. We are that marvel.

# REFERENCES

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  3. Durant, Will. (1961). _The Age of Reason Begins_ ("The Story of Civilization": Part VII). New York: Simon and Schuster.
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#

A PERFECT TIME TO GROW

Although

In Galileo's time they tried to say

The Earth's the center of the universe,

He had a telescope to disagree

About the structure of reality.

And

NOW they state

That ALL the stars are sailing far away!

They are the ones with telescopes today.

But I say "NO!"

They do not understand

That particles of light disintegrate

Wherever they

May go.

I try to tell them just like Galileo

Then.

But they are slow

To recognize a perfect time to grow.

No need for knowledge wastefully to wait:

The truth is here and strong enough to win.

# About the Author

LARRY GOOD is the author of _Letters to a Human Being_ which is an introduction to the new level of reality, the _Mistercald_ Series which is a Middle Grade Fantasy Series of 6 connected books, and _The Turquoise Caboose_ which is a book of Letters to his one-year-old daughter so she would remember her life then. He lives in Crewe, Virginia. He has degrees from the University of Virginia and the College of William and Mary. He played football in high school and once scored 26 points in one game.
