Carl Gustav Jung
Archetypal Psychology
Welcome to the Cine Club AZTLAN.
First of all, we´ll introduce ourselves...There are a lot of new people today...
... in our Cine Club.
Cine Club AZTLAN is organized by the...
AZTLAN School of Psychology and Philosophy,
whose director is León Azulay...
AZTLAN School, who organizes this, for 52 years is dedicated here in the
Argentine Republic to the teaching of another Psychology, to the teaching of another
Philosophy and other knowledges, that make up our training program in
what is generally considered alternative culture.
We´ll see today... in the anniversary month
of the birth of Carl Gustav Jung...
Last week we did a tribute to him, in 140 years after his birth...
the 26th of July... we will continue the schedule today
with a documentary and also...
... an interview with Carl Gustav Jung, part of a very lengthy interview that...
did Dr. Evans, the psychiatrist, and we are also going to see in this material
one of the main continuators of Jung´s school, Marie-Louise von Franz,
also talk a little about the work she did with Jung. At the end of it
we will explain the fundamental ideas of Jung and the parallelism of his
psychology with Gurdjieff's psychology of the Fourth Way, which are fundamental
axes of what they make up, in the 20th century and already in the 21st century,
the new psychologies. When we say "new", we say new for the man of the
20th century, but not new in itself, because both Jung´s psychology as Gurdjieff´s
or the Buddhism, which is also a philosophy
and a psychology... go back to millenary
knowledge of humanity, that have today been translated...
in our century... in the
last two centuries, by thinkers like Jung, like Gurdjieff, like Krishnamurti.
Well, I´ll let you watch the material and after finishing it, we will
explain a little more what the Jung´s method is about
and how it can give to the
modern man and woman an important aid to understand their
nature, to her/his own inner nature, and the problems with which we
are facing in our life...
Well, we are going to let the material speaks for
itself and at the end we continue with the topic.
Well let's introduce some important ideas
of Jung´s psychology... in relation to the topics it deals with,
all Jungian psychology... One of the important things in Jung´s psychology is
that the modern individual, the modern man and the
modern woman, has ceased to live in the
Myth... let's see what this means, what implications does it have for our
life the fact that we do not live in the Myth and
already by presenting this, in this way, and speaking
of the myth in common language
the Myth is considered a lie
and here Jung is one of the main exponents of the Myth as a depository of
a wisdom... a millenary wisdom of humanity. In fact Jung began to
investigate the myths at a very young age and discovered in them extraordinary
knowledge of both Philosophy, Art, Science and Religion.
Let us say that myths were the repository of all knowledge and
all the wisdom of ancient peoples.
One of the important ideas that is always in the myth, and is in the "myth of the
hero"... hero or heroine... is the inner evolution of being... an aspect that in
our culture has completely discarded... The inner development of Man
or what Gurdjieff called "the possible evolution of Man".
Not an evolution in the darwinist sense, because if evolution were true
what Darwin exposes... in the sense of the physical form, is limited, because all
physical form tends to death... then evolution on the physical plane
is never unlimited... it always has a beginning, a development and an end.
when ancient peoples spoke or presented the "Myth of the Hero"...
Saint, Genius and Hero... spoke of a complete development of the
consciousness... from a level to a higher level... of a level transfer.
Jung synthesizes this in what he calls the "individuation process" that in the
antiquity was called "initiation"... what Jung call individuation was for
the ancient Greeks the initiation... this is already related in for example
works such as "The Golden Ass" of Apuleius or later in the Dante´s "Divine Comedy"
where there is a whole journey that the human being makes from ignorance to
wisdom even in the same myth or in the same tragedy of Sophocles, "Oedipus"
that Freud takes a part... he is interested in the subject of incest... there is a whole
trajectory of the human soul, or human consciousness, from ignorance and
of a whole set of vicissitudes until reaching wisdom... to fullness
consciousness... so the myth is much more complete than what is taken to
parse the particular Complex that Freud gave the "Oedipus" name.
This idea of ​​individuation we are going to clarify, because the word "individual"
we all resonate... and in general we associate "individual" with
"individualism" and Jung´s idea of "individuation" has nothing to do with
individualism and here we are presented with, the modern man and woman,
contradiction where, on one hand we can identify
that the modern individual is massification... this has already been dealt with by several philosophers... if
you want to investigate more about this, read more about this,
you can read Ortega y Gasset
that raises the massification of modern man.
How can we
understand the massification of modern man?
It is simple...
The conditioning, fashions... is a simple way of seeing it, an established fashion that is changed
from decade to decade and the entire world population behaves that way.
So there we can see an individual who loses his individuality and becomes
"mass man"... fashions, the use that is made today of the
technology, these cell phones devices...
how we use them... these invite everyone to the
massification. Produce what is called "mass man"
where you can find today with globalization an individual from here or from the
Polynesian with the same customs, with the same habits, with the same tastes...
Right? That is consumerism, materialism, all this makes up the massificated
individual, and this massificated individual moves away from himself, he forgets himself...
Gurdjieff says that the modern human being constantly insists on
forgetting himself... even though we think we're taking care
very much to ourselves... here Jung´s psychology, Buddhism and all
transpersonal psychologies state that the individual is not present and that
he constantly forgets who he is... and this was already raised by the Greeks 2.500 ago.
2.500 years ago Socrates already raised the "know yourself"...
Jung takes up this millenary knowledge and emphasizes the urgent need, and
the Myth would be one of the helps to recover this loss of
individuality... of Man to return to himself...
to fold back on himself, to look at his inner world...
For this Jung explains that
the individual is born as an undifferentiated totality.
We can see this in
babies, where child psychology of the child...
until 3 or 4 years of age... until he is "plugged" in with T.V and internet...
and all the consumption objects... the child is fused and is one with all his
environment... He does not have our same consciousness,
where it feels separated from all...
For that is also so "plastic" and so influential, because he is one with the whole.
In fact there is in homeopathic medicine, for example...
when the child's symptom has to be determined... up to a certain age...
6 or 7 years old... The mother is tested
because the child is considered to be completely influenced,
in health and sickness, by the paternal atmosphere...
and in this point, Jung says the same
Jung says that many of the neuroses or conflicts that little children have,
they in fact belong to the parents are not to the children.
This is interesting, there is a demonstration that the child is fused
with the environment, and another important idea also, that in Materialism
considers that we are born as a blank sheet without any content... as if
was this paper... with nothing in mind... and here Jung... the Buddhists
and all the psychologies that have rescued in the millenary wisdom of
humanity, say that it is not so... that the individual is not born as a blank sheet...
but is born with a phylogenetic and ontongenetic inheritance.
Phylogenetic inheritance it's physics... what makes us look like our parents... to our uncles
etc... that is the physical part. But there is
also an ontongenetic inheritance,
psychological or metaphysical. Metaphysics does not make sense the popular courses...
But in the sense that the individual already exists in physical life...
This we can relate to the reincarnation theories, The Eternal Return and
others... than yes, surely... has a relation but not it its more
popular version of this... where the individual is already born (as the Hindus say) with a karma...
... predetermined by everything he did before...
and that determines its current existence.
So today there are demonstrations, if one
observes without prejudice, without a theory... without a prejudice... if one
observes the infantile behavior, you could see notable differences already at six months of
age in children.
Then throughout life... Jung explains and takes up this ancient idea...
that life is a school. This idea of ​​life as a
school is something that is completely absent in what has been called
"modern education"... what is life? For the modern man...
Well, first he considers that there is only one life, and then the
graveyard... so in this life, in this short life, that averages 70 years...
I have to do everything! And the fact of not being able to do everything the system
imposes what you have to do...
because it is a conditioned whole... there is a great
frustration. So when we get to the middle age
the individual accumulated enough frustrations
like to live the next 30/40 years (if he lives them) in a state of
frustration and melancholy for all that he will not be able to do.
That plunges him into states of fear, of panic and conflict...
... for this conception that life is only the material and that only
we have a physical body... and then the cemetery awaits us.
Jung and all of this other line of thought, or this world view,
because it is more than a thought... it is a vision, it is a cosmovision... posits that the
individual is like a seed that can eventually become
a beautiful flower, or a plant... he can develop.
Already in the seed is all
the whole contained. The seed is not a part... this is what Jung means
that we are born as a totality, but a potential totality, not fully
developed. Is like in the computer, when you are given a computer
or you buy computer, it cames with a lot of programs... those programs...
you can use them or not... if you don't use them they remain in latency... Suddenly
you start to use them, right? And the program has a great complexity and a lot
of uses. You, because of your limitation and because of your ignorance (as the Buddhists say:
Karma depends on ignorance) you use very little, so you cannot do what
you need...
Throughout his life, in this school that is life, the individual goes
developing a personality. For Jung the concept of Personality talks us
(We have Jung´s graphics here) of the totality... the known about itself and what
unknown... what the Ego knows about itself and everything unconscious.
This is for Jung the personality, is the totality... what the ego knows and everything
that it does not know. One may eventually develop
a differentiated personality, that is, not massificated, no longer conditioned by
fashions... by what he calls "the spirit of the age" or the "collective consciousness"
the Zeitgeist... not conditioned by that... free of that... in balance and
unified. This is at least, Jung says, the direction
that takes human development as a potentiality... is not that it will be realized...
and here the idea of ​​human freedom... to carry out this process or not.
The complete differentiation or individualization...
equilibrium and unity, is not usually reached within a lifetime, for
that is a long trajectory, as the ancients said, of learning and taking
of human consciousness... 70 years is too little in universal life... to pretend everything
in 70 years has no logic. Besides, all ancient civilizations until
obscurantism, until the 3rd century A.D., where by means of an edict
at the "Council of Nicaea" all ancient knowledge was forbidden...
argued that the individual do not have a single life, but many lives and in this
trajectory, he could achieved or not achieved full realization... the full realization that we
can observe in a Buddha or a Jesus, outside the connotation of the known... or the
great wise men and women of mankind... or in Jung himself, who was a
great teacher, a guru in the western way, as we say... or as the
director of our School says, professor Azulay... This drive toward wholeness
what Jung calls the "Self". This idea of ​​the Self that we see, was already
present in all the ancient teaching of Vedanta philosophy, that was the "Atman".
The "Self", the "real Me"... a higher consciousness in us...
In the Toltec indigenous teaching is the "Nahual" or "Nahuatl",
a higher consciousness that is in all of us...
that we can access or can reach
Is the complete consciousness and this process, this drive to wholeness, is of
archetypal character, says Jung. How do we translate this impulse?
We all have an urge toward the fullness, perfection or toward wholeness, and today
it is understood how "wanting to be happy"... is reduced to something quite conditioned
because happiness today is associated with what the System says to be happy,
yet we all yearn for wellness... every morning when we wake up
or when we go to sleep, after a day of conflict of frustrations, some
positive things... we yearn for, and continue in existence because there is an
unaware urge to the fullness...
This is driven by this higher consciousness, says Jung, that is in
us, and its the "Self"... or this spiritual entity.
Names today are dangerous, because we speak of "spiritual" and it can be
associate with this or that religion, and we are not saying it in that sense...
but the transcendent in us. No one, there is not a single individual who can
avoid this influence, this impulse... this impulse of the transcendent in itself...
towards fullness. How you are going to seek that transcendence? Sometimes in a very
wrong way, and precisely this takes the individual further away from his search. Today we can see in
all the modern evasions, how the individual... what is added to his life is
more suffering. The materialistic and atheistic modern life, adds suffering to
humanity. Some will say: what a pessimistic
vision! ... but just look at the world...
where wars have increased in the last two centuries... the social differences
have increased in the last two centuries... few families on Planet Earth
concentrates all the world's wealth,
and that is not an economic problem
as the fundamental cause... is a psychological problem of humanity, that
it's called "selfishness". As it says in an article in the magazine
that you are taking... the Director of the School, he says that...
it is not the need for oil and lands
what causes wars, as the main cause. There are other causes
but we go to the primary causes... in the causations we have
first causes, second causes, third causes, etc.
As the first cause
from wars, he says, is not the craving for oil... are the negative emotions.
Is an individual, call him the president, power groups,
lobbies, etc., that are full of hate, of selfishness, of ambition... and that is something
psychological. You can´t touch ambition, it is portrayed.
Selfishness is something that can´t be touched... it is there... it is something psychological, so the
cause and the fundamental problem of humanity is internal, it is psychological. That
it is what produces all the injustice in humanity... not a cause of political
social and economic order... those are external causes.
Although the course can take its expression and the success we can have in achieving
the totality, it varies from person to person in the sense of what Jung poses
that we are responsible for being able to complete our existence...
... our short physical existence, better or worse. Jung makes the individuals
responsible for their own psychology... he does not rely on a social system. He becomes
responsible for himself... and when the individual becomes responsible for himself, he
become responsible for others.
Because in the idea of this psychology, Humanity is all one.
We don´t say "two humanities", we say "one humanity", one Collective Unconscious
poses Jung... "transpersonal", a single individual, a single organic body,
separated by seven billion Egos with their physical body.
This is already raised in Buddhism as "interdependence".
You can´t isolate any factor in the nature of phenomena, that has no
relationship with everything else.
And here, a Jung´s fundamental idea...
a transcendent idea... where if one makes a change, but a true change, not
just in appearance... but a real and deep change on some level of
his or her nature...
... the humanity changes, because we are a totality. It is like in the ocean, if you take
a drop from the ocean, that ocean is no longer the same as before... and either if you add
a drop... so the drop is important.
Jung as all these psychologies, reward quality not of
quantity... which is the massificated man.
The key to Jung´s concept of evolution development, then is the
individuation... that the individual becomes one, undivided... individual
means "not divided". The current individual is fragmented.
There is one archetypal triad, from the ancients, that was Individual...
... Society and the State. Today... the Individual does not exist, because an
individual who is all the time against himself, full of
contradictions... that doesn´t know himself... cannot be called such. It is a goal to be
an individual. Theres no Society, because society is not a set of people
living in the same place, piled up, all against all... A Society
is cooperative, not competitive and there is no State either, because states are not
economic administrations. The state in ancient times was the guide
of the men of the town so that he could achieve a fullness.
So those archetypes no longer exist today.
Various systems in one's personality... in learning... become
increasingly complex and Jung calls these systems the "Archetypes" or the structure
of the mind. What happens throughout development? Jung speaks of
three levels in us, the level of the Ego, that is this consciousness that is here...
the level of the Personal Unconscious, whose contents are the complexes, called
also "neuroses" in Psychology, that are of a karmic nature... we have already been
bringing them. Already at birth are our complexes.
But how the complex is developed? Why are there complexes?
We would all love not to have complexes...
however they are there. Jung says: "we do not
we have the complex, the complex has us."
If it were not like that, in the minute I would not have it anymore. Because there is no doubt that
any complex causes us psychological suffering. And why can't
we eradicate them? Because evidently there is something else in us
and there is a
knowledge that we do not know. The meaning of the word "tékne"
from which "technology" is derived... the Greeks spoke of "tékne" but
the Greeks did not refer to the making of devices only.
They also had a technology, but it was the least important thing to them.
When they talked about "tékne", they meant to know in detail the
process to achieve something. And "tékne" in the psychological world means
know the mind in depth...
...and its use... fundamental theme of Zen Buddhism.
Fundamental subject of Buddhist psychology and philosophy, that we have a mind,
that we are unaware of its use and that the ignorance of its use produces the
suffering they call "karma". That's why Buddha
in the Nidana Chain of interdependence...
says "karma depends on ignorance"... if ignorance ceases, karma ceases.
Ignorance regarding what? All knowledge that human being has to learn...
Science, Art, Philosophy and Religion... the four paths
of human evolution.
In this sense, we have the unconscious with the complexes
and the virtues. We have all been -a transcendent function- something creative that
today, in today's society, it cannot be expressed... because the massificated man does not
makes an individual life... he makes the life of the mass.
He doesn't realize himself, at any level... each human activity
has its dignity, in Jung´s psychology. It is worth being a shoemaker...
... there are no more shoemakers today... The trades... Each individual, in the
antiquity, had something that connected him with
his most essential nature, which was his vocation.
And the word vocation is not
strictly circumscribes the professional, because "vocation"
means "vocatio", which means "called to be"
... What are we called to be? And that
leads us to inquire and investigate the psychology of Jung.
Then there is a deeper level of the mind which is the Collective Unconscious and
the Archetypes. Is what in the Indian philosophy is called the "Dharma". Dharma or
Dhámma, in Sanskrit and in Pali means "Laws"
There is a structure...
our mind has a structure. As well as our physical body has a
biological structure, well determined, very forceful and absolute. Our mind
it also has a structure and this is a brand new idea for modern
modern western psychology... that there is a level of our mind where there is no subjectivity
but there are principles and there is an order. And this is good news
because... how can you define or determine a disease in the body
If you do not know what a healthy body is like?
The first thing that interests Jung
psychology and Buddhism or Gurdjieff´s Fourth Way is to study the healthy mind...
not the sick mind. You can´t study any science from the
pathological first. And this is something that is ignored in the West. It is applied to
harder sciences... in Engineering no one would think to start
studying the broken bridge to learn
how to make the bridge. No one
would think to start studying the collapsed building, to learn how to do the
building. And why don´t we occur the same thing in the field of Psychology?
... So many theories have been spread in the field of Psychology, that the
confusion is huge.
Then in the Collective Unconscious are what Jung call the "Archetypes".
He doesn't invent a word... He doesn't say "I'm going to invent"... Jung's is not a theory.
Jung's is verifiable. One has to take the trouble to verify it...
Jung's teaching is not dogmatic, like all other theories...
pseudo-religious theories from the last 1.700 years that are dogmatic... and the
Materialism is the greatest dogma of all... that there is only matter.
Or Darwin´s theory, that man descends from the ape...
... from the tree... and eats the bananas... and that's all what we are. And that's all
the story... that life is a "big bang", an explosion that was made by itself...
and that has an extraordinary order. It would be necessary to investigate if that is true... not take it
just like that. We are so use to being passive in front of everything, that we don't
inquire if that is true or not. And all those materialistic theories
have a profound effect on our minds... shape our thinking and
our senses, and they are very dangerous. We must inquire if this is so...
What we are saying is not dogmatic.
As Siddharta Gautama, the buddha said "check
what I am teaching you... if you verify that it is false, then go your way."
Notice if materialism, or capitalist or Marxist theories, were going to tell you
to investigate in depth, study other
theories... No! Everybody tells you that it is the absolute truth. That is dogma.
Jung takes the idea of ​​archetypes from the Greeks. Archetype means primordial
model, or primordial structuring laws, and here he explains
that in the learning process we are turning these Archetypes conscious.
We are learning from these Archetypes. Its again, like the computer...
let's have a concrete example. You have the hardware, what is the hardware?
Its the physical device, the physical, not the device itself. The hardware needs
the software, it needs programs... programs are the Archetypes in the
Human Consciousness, they are the models for evolution and learning. It is the
study program. When you go from elementary school up to
university, there is a whole study program, "a priori". You don´t know it, you
find out as you go through it. At the beginning you do not know the whole program.
And when you received, you´ve learned it all. This is analogous. The Archetypes are already
fully developed, are full... we are the ones who in the
course of a human life, ​​have to fully realize them. And these
Archetypes highlighted by Jung for the man and woman of the
20th century are the Shadow, that we´re seeing there, Anima,
Animus, the Character and the Self. The conditions nowadays for
developping a learning of the human study program... the conditions that
we have today at a collective level, mass, are not favorable for that. Because
the current life emphasizes in the evasions...
and plunge the individual into a state of panic in the face of economic well-being.
Then that obsessively occupies all his mind, added to the conflicts of
individualistic affective and sexual character, that fosters
modern society, where the individual becomes each time
more self-absorbed, he disconnects from himself, disconnects from nature and
loses its roots. That's what they did to the indigenous peoples...
they imposed them the western vision. They went to the East and imposed capitalism
to the Japanese... went to China, and the Chinese, with their millenary wisdom of 16.000
years, imposed on Communism... ideas and really elemental ways of life...
... went to India, the English... from 1.500 A.D. were the
first colonies to India when the portuguese empire with San Francisco Javier...
and they wanted to impose their way of life on the Hindus.
When they arrived in India... we found the following
situation, that was what Mahatma Gandhi revealed against... that he is not a
political as Hollywood film pictures shows.
He was a Wise Man, what they call a "Mahatma", the ultimate culmination
of a human conscience... He was not a politician, like we know.
Mahatma means a liberated great soul... like a Buddha, just like that. That he was for
Hindus and here in the West they do not explain that to you... they put him as a saint,
politician, who achieved the liberation of India. He was not interested in the
political liberation of India, he was interested in psychological and
spiritual liberation of the Hindu, because in India in the
1.900 he faces with a westernized India, where
cows were sacred. What did the English do? They sent them to the
refrigerators, without understanding their conception of life... much
more deeper than just vegetarianism... a more deeper conception
because the cow was the symbol of the universal...
of the universal feminine. The monkeys, that were free
and the companion of the god Rama, were sacred in India... They
put them in zoos... and the individuals who spoke to themselves...
who were not criminal or psychopaths, as we find in the West...
product of this materialistic society... the individuals who spoke to themselves
were considered crazy by the English, and for the Indians they were
sacred because they had a connection with Jung call the Collective
Unconscious. They didn't have this Ego consciousness of
western English man, who outside had great manners,
and behind doors he was an underhanded criminal... as shown in this famous work of
Stevenson "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde" who talks about the man of that time
and this dangerousness of what Jung calls the "Shadow" in us...
Then we find a colonized India, where they lose all their
ancient culture. What did the Indians have to learn from
Westerners? ... with a civilization of more than
-unofficially- 20.000 years and -officially-5.000 or 6.000 years.
It is from India where all the western knowledge has come. Think
that the Greeks, and the Greeks themselves tell us...
Plato himself and Pythagoras went to India to study.
Pythagoras, masters of Socrates, Plato, etc...
The Pythagorean school... he had studied India with Buddha, they called him
Shaman Acharya, the Jonic master... so wisdom always came from the East.
Greeks were formed in India and Egypt... so they were great great cultures and
civilizations that today we say the were primitive. We still don't even know how they
build the pyramids. There are fake documentaries about it...
but it has been verified that this is not possible... There were many knowledge and
Jung studied of all this knowledge and from there is that he gives his Psychology with
all this cultural base that was his training...
In this sense the individual then learns...
in human experience, at he beginning through "the school of the
suffering and pain", because suffering -says Jung- generates consciousness.
When we suffer, we wonder why...
Marie-Louise von Franz says (this important Jung follower)
she calles it the "sacred neurosis"...
not in the sense that I have to stay neurotic forever.
Jung´s Psychology raises that neurosis must be overcome to give
total realization... is not an obligation. You have the right to be
neurotic if you want, but if that is producing psychological suffering, there is
a method... there is a Psychology that can set you free from neurosis and
achieve balance and wholeness. In fact these beings existed...
there are these individuals and cultures that have dedicated themselves to this...
others are dedicated to making money, like ours... and others are dedicated to
inner liberation. They also had an architecture, they also had
buildings and they also had food... they did not ignored these basic realities
of the human being...
When Jung
says that the individual is constantly looking for better symbols, this is
related to human learning. At first it seems something
very theoretical... looking for better symbols... but constantly a
true education should provide the individual with the symbols he needs
to develop... what is that? We are going to see a simple example... In Science we
can learn the basics of maths...
the 4 simple operations... But if I need to make a building
I need to know more complex symbols, right? ... Well in the field of Art
although today there is no more Art... but if we talk about the field of Art
I need to learn more knowledge, more complex symbols... so as the language.
Today the language "is bankrupt" as this Hindu philosopher, Panikkar...
we showed a documentary about him... Raimundo Panikkar says the language is
bankrupt today... and language is the expression of intelligence. Then
higher quality language allows the individual to express himself better. When the
language is more limited, expression is limited... its
self-knowledge is limited... Not accumulating words...
... but when the individual has greater
richness of language, he can express himself more clearly
and can communicate better with others...
So when Jung says that the individual, as he progresses in
evolution needs more complex symbols, refers to this... refers to
all the knowledge that humanity needs... Why Humanity needs
knowledge? Jung raises this and all these Psychology
Humanity needs knowledge
because it is not an animal. The essence of human nature is the
development of knowledge and being, as Gurdjieff says.
... The knowledge so that to live a full human life. The animal does not need
knowledge. Their instincts are prefigured in such a way that they serve
of enough guidance. We also have an animal side that are the
instincts that Jung call the Shadow, that in the human are expressed criminally.
It is an Archetype, the Shadow, that is the animal instinctive that must be expressed in
the human as human... subject to intelligence... what Jung call the
Archetype of the Character, that are the Roles
We are all in humanity playing some Role
There is no one who is in a "non-role" situation and the Role is an Archetype that
allows learning and development of faculties... I have to be a lawyer,
an engineer... today everything is in decadence... but
let's talk about what it should be. Because this needs to be restored. We talk about
the archetype of the physician, of the lawyer. Which is the Archetype? To heal, to take
care of the patient and to heal... that was the Archetype in the Hippocratic Oath.
The architect... the architect had to watch, like Vitruvius, to
guarantee the citizen, to the individual, a more dignified life... a dignified habitat... not
a life of ants... modern cities...
The lawyer did not have to defend the criminal... the "Laws of Manu", the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra
then the Hammurabi code, the persians, the Greek code, the
Roman and Napoleonic codes... precisely seek justice in life.
Justice for the defenseless... a guide to evolution... that are
Archetypes, are Roles... When we enter a Role-playing situation this
allows us to develop many qualities that we could not otherwise
develop, which are... the intelligence... let's see the Functions...
allows us to develop intelligence, the intellectual. How intelligence is developed?
With knowledge. Is to
express human feelings, properly
said... to dominate negative emotions -the Shadow- that is the development of affective life.
Emotions and feelings... human feelings and
superiors, that allows a Role... because in a Role situation I have to learn
compassion, tolerance... a number of virtues to realize it properly.
This is in the school of life...
... And also a more harmonious relationship with my body.
The Anima Archetype, also speaks Jung, the Anima has to do with
-as Marie-Louise von Franz also mentioned- the relationship of a man with the world of
the feminine... not only with women, but with the feminine in general. The inner world
of the male is feminine... that has nothing to do with effeminate... and
the inner world of the woman is masculine, which projects it outside... that
also has nothing to do with masculinization. When this is disturbed and the
instinctive animal part... we have these deviations that are "machismo" or
"feminism" that are extremisms. Because masculine and feminine are two faces
of the same coin. What happens with a coin if you erase a face? It is no longer
that coin!
There is a zen buddhist philosopher, Alan Watts, who gives that example and say "if i have a
coin, the coin has two sides... if I erase one side of the coin, can continue
speaking of the same unity? No, so it cannot be eliminated either the feminine or
the masculine... with the serious conflicts that we have today in
this terrain of male and female relationships.
But that's something that Jung claim, which is the Ying Yang symbol,
"Taijitu" where it is integrated, and one has a part of the other...  Anima/Animus...
the Chinese Taoists knew it. Jung takes all this themes...
He was also one of those who
introduced the I-Ching into the West and there is a foreword in the first book that was
translated into western languages... ​​it was with a friend, a german sinologist,
Richard Wilhelm, there is the translation, is the best... it has over 600 pages and
lhere in Argentina, J. L. Borges wrote the prologue
with a poem to the I-Ching... it is seen that he was interested in those subjects
considered esoteric.
As the body needs adequate food and exercises for a healthy
development, thus also the mind, our personality, needs experiences and
adequate education, that we are not receiving today in materialism.
You can´t say that what is done in schools today is education... at world
level. Which is the sample? How is the world...
Because if an individual were educated, he would not be violent, he would not be competitive...
And in the world today, we can see that predominating. Due to
historical time... this is changing... and there are more and more groups, more individuals
who want to orient themselves towards another education, towards the inner education
so as to improve the World... this is not separated, not
individualistic. When I discover something wrong about myself
I immediately have to correct it and try to spread it... not impose it... those are
2 processes. The education proposed by the psychology of Jung or the
Fourth Way or the Buddhism is "by contagion."
It's not by imposition, it's by setting an example.
So you don't have to preach anything, you don't need it... The example speaks by itself...
It is the best way to educate... and just as the body can stop in its
development or from forming and getting sick as a result of an improper diet...
Well, today we eat lots of fast food...
with preservatives and more... you have to go live on another planet to eat healthy...
or for lack of exercise, the psyche, the mind, the total personality can
also deformed by deficiencies in their experiences and in their education.
There is a great psychologist called Charles Tart, he says that all we were born
after 40´s or 50´s, around the Second World War... we are what he calls the
"unloved generation". We thought the name was fantastic because it is really
unloved... a world of competitiveness.
There is a very good movie of this japanese director, Akira Kurosawa called "High and Low"
where it shows precisely... human relationships that has nothing to do with
a deeper feeling of compassionate, companionship etc.
As Jung shows... the modern world provides few opportunities for
the Shadow to be dominated. Today, the archetype that has possessed the
humanity is the Shadow, that is violence, competitiveness and "all
against all"... that someone said it...
Someone announced it 2.000 years ago...
The Shadow manifests itself today... that the animal part of the
man becomes criminal for lack of an education... but if not, it is
not like that... it is how it is expressing in us... Not knowing
how to deal properly with matter... with the world...
Everything turns into something sinister and pathological, for example we see it in the
savage sadism of war, that no one denounces.
The war in the west is justified by reasons of state, they say, because all the
planet has to have the same ideology... that is the best, someone
determined that it is the best... then you have to make wars.
And that is fine, no matter how many die...
2.000 individuals die per day in wars
currently in the 21st century! 2.000 individuals per day die from war...
The world organizations do not denounce that... the industry does not say anything.
The biggest economic profit is the arms industry and secondly
instance the drug trafficking of the laboratory.
It has to lead us to reflect on the hypocrisy of the modern
world, where the individual surrenders to its Shadow for lack of an appropriate
education. These are examples of a not conscious
Shadow. Evil is projected in the 20th and 21st century... the bad one is the neighbor, the
bad one is the other, always the bad guys are out there.
This is a very extroverted psychology from the West and Jung talks about it from the
need... The Dalai Lama, when he came to Argentina... the spiritual top leader
of Buddhism advised Argentines to be less extroverted.
Very good advice.
Only when one becomes aware of the totality of
everything that is not aware of... complexes as well as of what is
creative and transcendent, all that must be known in ourselves.
In the Unconscious is not only the repressed material. That idea is an idea from a century ago.
All the sciences have advanced and also Psychology.
Today we cannot limit the Unconscious as the repressed material only.
With all the discoveries that there have been, all the psychologies that have
spread... in the books that have already been written... and with a work that one
can undertake on himself... can verify that the Unconscious is not only
the repressed and that health and inner salvation (if they want to speak in
those terms) come from the internal... it does not come from the external. Non political system
is going to save us... I think that the majority should already realize this.
Although it saddens us a little...
It is supposed to be, or this should be the essential aim of education, to turn
conscious what is unconscious in us... the achievement of Totality.
That's what Buddhists call "Nirvana".
The fullness. "Outside the forest" means "Nirvana"... What is the forest?
The suffering.
Education, as indicated by the etymology of the word, consists of
bring out something that is already in us, but in a latent state... that is what
Jung's psychology and his method points to. If we neglect our
totality, according to Jung, that totality... those neglected sides of
ourselves will find abnormal ways of expressing themselves.
That are our conflicts. The neurosis or the inner conflict that we feel... the
conflict in relationships, is a warning that we are doing something wrong. Who?
The Ego. The ego is separated from its deep inner roots...
then the mind itself is a self-regulating mechanism. that speaks and sends an alarms signal.
"This is not going", because of that, one feels bad.
Because you drank all the alcohol the night before, or you ate
everything... the liver says then that is enough.
The body warns you. Is it bad for that reason? Subjectively, yes, because you
would like to drink all the alcohol and eat anything and remain intact.
However the body has its own wisdom, and says "enough".
And after a few years it leads into a cirrhosis...
The psychological is the same. Our conflicts and our discomfort is a
notice that we are living against the very internal and external nature...
The planet also does the same, Nature has intelligence, it is not
something dead, inanimate... Its all alive... This is from the
pantheism where everything has life, everything is alive... there is nothing dead in the
universal. Maybe we are the half dead...
And Gurdjieff as a complement... Gurdjieff was from
Armenian origin, was another of the great precursors... was also a Jung collaborator,
a grandmaster from East. Is not arbitrary the relationship that the
director of our School made who is the one who has taught us that the union between
the Four Way and Jung´s psychology is not arbitrary that relationship and their union...
Because they were contemporaries, the two were in Europe spreading their
psychology, and also in common... besides knowing and working together, they had a
common disciple who was Dr. Maurice Nicoll, an english psychiatrist
who had started studying with Gurdjieff... with Jung pardon... had started
studying with Jung, following Jung's psychological theory... and Jung recommended that he go
to study with Gurdjieff to complement... and he also became a disciple
of Gurdjieff and was the link between both teachings...
Dr. Maurice Nicoll... today you can look for this on the internet, because all this
information is even on the back cover of his books... of him being
one of the leading exponents of the Fourth Way and Jung´s theories...
also innovative at the time. Think that we here in
Latin America, we are very behind... A century ago, in Europe, it was already
developing these talks that we are giving here... were given a century ago
at Tavistock in England, a century ago.
A century ago they began to teach this in the USA. Jung traveled to the USA in 1906 for
the first time... in1913 it was fully installed... there are more than 50 institutes
in the USA and it is also taught in the main universities. It is
Jung and Transpersonal Psychology taught in the USA. There are 10 million
Buddhists in the northern hemisphere... here we are just beginning to find out about it.
So this is very advanced, and why is it so advanced there? Because its
suffering was greater than ours. Two world wars... don´t you think
its enough to look elsewhere? Is not that everyone does, but a good
amount of people do. Two world wars... like 14 million dead in the
World War I and 60 million in the second... is something quit shocking.
Great human suffering... so already in the 50´s the Europeans and the
Americans... a lot of people, not everyone, obviously... had this need.
That is why all the Hindus went there, all the Hindu teachers...
Krishnamurti, Jung, Gurdjieff, Yogananda went there, and didn't come here... Here we´re just recently
finding out of this.
The long weekend still seduces us a lot...
So Nicoll was one of his main
exponents. Let's talk about
Gurdjieff. He was born in 1866 and died in 1941. Then we will give an explanation
of Gurdjieff and his biography. His teaching is first developed in Russia
but due to the Russian revolution it is impossible for him to continue his work
there, and in 1917 he travels to Europe, first passing through Turkey. He arrived in Europe in 1921
with his disciples, a group of 100 people... Went to Germany, France,
England and in 1924 gets to the USA. Gurdjieff had a very
truly charismatic personality and attracted the best known and most prominent intellectuals from
his time. He began to present all Orientalism which was something very new.
It was very exotic for westerners to see a master "Zen like"... totally
atypical, because the eastern teacher has nothing to do with the western teacher
which is more intellectual. Gurdjieff, he acted... and this was shocking.
It was like an elephant entering a bazaar. He had been in Tibet, had
been a teacher of the previous Dalai Lama, the 13th Dalai Lama... Notice such a curriculum vitae!
He was was not just anyone, and with that authority in
this knowledge, he comes to the West... with great knowledge and translates all the
ancient teachings from the East and West to a modern language, to a
scientific and technical language, so that the man of the city can practice
that method. One of the important themes of
Gurdjieff is the development of consciousness.
His Psychology is the Psychology of the Fourth Way. In the East
traditionally there were always six schools or six Dharsanas... six schools of
philosophy. We practically know nothing here... because what is known here is "yoga and
depilation" of the East but there were already six schools six Dharsanas.
Each of these schools had four stages or four paths. The first stage
was the mastery of the physical body, the Hatha Kriya Yoga, the
second stage was the perfecting of devotional
life, development of the
higher spiritual feelings, was the Bhakti Yoga and the practitioner was the
devotee. There are Hindu devotional groups in the West who
embodied this well... and the third path, the third stage, was the Jnana Yoga or the
yoga of knowledge, that was the study of Science, Art, Philosophy and Religion that
that was the "Yogi"... The Yogi was not the one who did Hatha Yoga, he was the one that did the
Jnana Yoga... the one who did the Hatha Kriya Yoga was the Fakir,
who dominated the body and this in all these schools had
these three stages that could take 3/4 years or a lifetime each stage...
depending on the aptitude of the apprentice. One could stay in the
first stage, another move on to the second, third... and there was a higher Yoga that
Was called Raja Yoga... King of the Yogas... that was simultaneous work
on the mastery of the body, or the knowledge of the body, the emotions and
the feelings, and the thought. That was the full development... "Raja" or "King" Yoga.
Gurdjieff takes out the Hindu names and gives it a western name and puts it
"Fourth Way" and adapts it to the man of the city...
In this sense, it raises millenary ideas that man is not a
unity, but a multiplicity, that man has many "I's", that is
fragmented. Here he takes the same idea as Jung,
and that Krishnamurti will also later raise...
Krishnamurti raises the fragmented consciousness, that the individual has not
unity, and in Buddhism there is also the idea of ​​"Anatman", that there is no
unity in us... that we are a set of aggregates. All this is the
basis of Gurdjieff's Psychology of the Fourth Way and precisely speaks of the
reintegration of the individual, to be one again.
This is  that we also propose with Jung... that is why the parallelism, is the same teaching.
But in the individual is formed at a very early age, what Gurdjieff calls a
"false personality". Why he calls it false? Because modern life
is false, then the individual becomes
false. Materialism is a falsehood, is something that is unnatural.
Then the modern materialistic way of just living for money leads to
individual to a false psychology. That is why he says that modern man
develops this peculiar false personality in himself, hypocrite.
Where he is transformed into just an economic social being... and a social and
economic being becomes dangerous... if it is only that... then it says that this
false personality develops in us
at very early childhood. If you watch T.V., it is a cult of falsehood
personality, vanity of vanities... Here in the West it is well seen to be
vain, selfish, competitive... That is negative, if one reflects it.
One can feel temporarily fine, but how does the other feel? how the others do feel?
What do I reap with those attitudes? This something that we the
western people have to learn. What are the
values ​​for the West? ... that develops a false
personality, Gurdjieff says... and take you away from the essence... because we have all
been something essential, except a minority of the world population that is criminal,
the rest is not criminal... the rest are looking for something else.
But he does not have the education, he does not have someone to help and guide him
in this sense. "Strike the shepherd, and the sheep will be scattered."
Humanity today has no referents, the referents currently
are sports... or for young people the rockery, that is not a true reference.
For evolution we mean...
Or the drug dealer, he is not a reference either.
Those are the references today... Facebook, Twitter and others... that are used quite badly
massively. For that reason raises the need to see
this in us and see what is wrong a technique... an ancient technique
of all the ancient schools, that was called "meditation" in the East
but that does not have nothing to do with what we understand by "meditation".
Meditation is not sitting like this and leaving the mind in blank... the technique is the
self observation and self-remembering. To learn to observe our inner world
impartially. It is an impartial record of all the activities of the mind.
But in order to register our inner world we first have
to take a map of what it is like... I can't identify something that doesn't
know. If I do not know anything about chemistry and someone gives me a
microscope and puts a cell... and I don't know anything and I don't have a priori the plan... What am I
going to identify? I'm going to say that that´s a plastic chunk or
anything. But if they explain me and I go with the microscope I can
start looking at a lot of information. I can see a healthy cell,
a sick one, begin to differentiate. The knowledge of the science of the mind,
which is true Psychology. The science of the mind, not the theory
of the mind... will allow me to practice this technique which is the
self-observation and in my mind I will find three Centers or three Functions...
an Intellectual one, an Emotional one, an Instinctive-Motor one and
here we did not put the Sexual one because it is quite broken.. so we left it
for a while... Intellectual, Emotional and Instinctive-Motor intellectual.
In these three Functions and the Sexual one, we also study how they operate in
us but first we have to know that they are. Now you hear they are...
... that is obvious, but I did not know it, From where
do I observe myself? From what the conditioning says...
always obsessed with the past, with conflict with dad, mom or the society... or
society is to blame...
And the self-observation could bring me to a higher state of consciousness, after
a time of practice... of knowing the mind and seeing how they are working, the
Functions in me, and start to correct their malfunction. I can come up with a
third state of consciousness, to a higher state in us, that is
called "self-remembering" or "self-awareness" and "objective awareness" so
Gurdjieff raises connecting with our real Self or Jung´s "Self"
It is the same for everyone, it really is the "Atman"
Jung calls it the "Self".
For this there is a fundamental obstacle and this obstacle is what is called the
"negative emotions" or the Dalai Lama calls "afflictive emotions" and also
negative calls them many times... This is the obstacle. Today, modern life is
a cult, and an education -if you can say so- in negative emotions.
All that negative emotion is on the order of the day.
Negative emotions, Guedjieff say, cannot be repressed because if
they are repressed until I explode... we must transform them. I do not have to
express them either, because the others are not blame for my negative emotions. We have
to control and transform them. The energy that negative emotions are using,
I have to learn to transfer it, by
means of techniques that Jung call "transference" that has nothing to do with
the "transfer" of psychoanalysis.
... That is he the development of the Kundalini energy, and
the Chakras, that are the Functions... that are the Chakras, the
Functions... here, here, here, and then there are other subsidiaries, that the Hindus did not
taught them for the West... because they said "do yoga for now, do some gym"...
Because the other thing would be understood wrongly, leave some books and
were understood anywise, today here we have to make a union between the
Eastern wisdom and Western science, that is Jung´s Psychology and
the Fourth Way. The transformation of negative emotions
that Jung calls the Shadow. Not to considering us internally is the
self-compassion and says that you should not practice self-compassion. There is another
philosopher also who claims "to be implacable with yourself" that is the
way of the warrior, the warrior with heart... has no compassion on himself.
He has no compassion, self-pity...
... "my life... I don't have the money that I should have... everything I don't deserve..."
that is self-pity. That stops our psychological development. We must
be strong... and as one thinker said "is a
strong psychology for strong individuals" and if I am not strong, I have to
become strong, because nature life is that...
with a knowledge, that is the help for Humanity
Others who do that is a help also... is the verification and
testimony that there is a path for the human being, that can lead to
evolution and its full development.
To practice the external consideration, that
that is a correct knowledge of the levels of consciousness, types and levels of
conscience. In Gurdjieff´s Psychology, Jung´s Psychology and a in all Buddhist Psychology
there are not two types of individual, just the sane and the insane, or the
the educated and the illiterate... there are seven types of individual and 49 subtypes...
Seven levels of consciousness. Each of us are in a degree of the
"school of life"... we ​​can say that western humanity is in the kindergarden
because he is interested in playing all the time...
In kindergarten the want to play all the time... the adult does not want to play all
time... he wants to free itself from suffering and
pain... there is already semi-adult, let's say...
and when he frees himself, he tells others how it is done, because the
parents of humanity don't want to see their
children suffer, they want to help you to prevent you from suffering... that is why there is a
knowledge and a help for Humanity... since immemorial times...
to save us suffering, to do what -Gurdjieff says- sacrifice
useless suffering. What is the useless suffering? Materialism, selfishness, all
negative emotions. Gurdjieff says: sacrifice them!
"... But if I love them..."
The non-identification, is the practice, the non-identification... precisely many
modern psychological theories say that you have to be well identified to
do something right. The Fourth Way and Buddhism says just the opposite.
The state of identification is my identity with something, I am one with the
thing, and that is not something objective. There are phenomena and there is consciousness that can
to be free from all the influence of phenomena and for that I have to practice...
First not identifying with wanting to buy everything, with all the
desires and second with states of mind that are very negative... to begin...
not identify myself, or what Gurdjieff calls the "I´s"... those personalities that are in us...
very dangerous. So the identification today becomes
a real problem and a decision that one has to make, not to get carried away.
But for that you have to learn a knowledge and a technique of how
to do so... Then there is the aspect of Alchemy that Gurdjieff raises, which is the
transformation of the grossest of us into the superior, that has to
do with a physical part and a psycho-physical, that is called Alchemy. Jung
he will also study it and Gurdjieff aswell... To create in us psycho-physical substances
of higher quality... That´s the job of Yogis of Tibet
which is in Gurdjieff's psychology... of how to do it. That´s an advanced knowledge.
And then posits that there are three foods...
the food, the air as a food that we need, and the
impressions. With Food and Air the body transforms it by itself...
It transforms food... I breathe and it transforms it through the lungs...
There are also the alveoli that act as a transformer and in the stomach the
gastric juices. The impressions is all I get from the
five senses. Today there is so much information that we are
saturated and we don't have an indoor transformer, because we don't have a
knowledge, due to ignorance. Then Gurdjieff and Jung is taughthow to generate
that inner transformer. A psycho-physical substance to be able to transform, and
not getting accumulated in what Jung called the Personal Unconscious...
a lot of misunderstanding, a lot of ignorance, that later pays off
either due to repression, omission or ignorance.
And for finishing, he raises a total Work where the individual works on himself,
with a like-minded group... and helping Humanity by transmitting
this knowledge. Gurdjieff calls it the "three lines of Work" and in Buddhism
the "Buddha", the "Sangha" and the "Dharma"... a non-individualistic development...
full... true humanism of working with the Humanity... with itself and with Humanity simultaneously
and with a group. These are the fundamental ideas of the Gurdjieff´s
Fourth Way and a bit of the relationship they have with Jung...
So far with this presentation... our invitation is to study the
method. Our Aztlan School, for 52 years already, our Director began to teach
this method in Argentina and that is why these presentations we make is to invite them
to practice and study all this method that we were presenting... we give
Psychology courses, of Jung, Gurdjieff´s Fouth Way  and Buddhism. Later on
quantum physics and in second levels we teach I-Ching and Tarot
as a self-knowledge tool. We do not teach that at the beginning, because
it awakens a lot of magical consciousness and cannot be used without first knowing
other tools... and at the same time in our School we teach the Science of
Astrology. Jung was an astrologer, Gurdjieff also... all the wise people have
been astrologers, since Pythagoras... which is the "science of energies" with the
modern quantum physics. We have separate courses where we start with
one side with psychology... the methods I mentioned and on the other side of
Astrology we are offering during this month
some promotions and scholarships for those who are interested in trying
our method so they have to fill out an application
to be able to access...
We have morning courses...
... and also afternoon courses both in Psychology
and Astrology... If you want to stay to talk to the
Professors and consulting, you are welcome..
... And we will continue every Sunday... follow us in our YouTube channel...
because we are going to upload more videos there... and if you are interested in doing a
practice, you are invited to come to our School...
Thank you all for participating.
