Maddie: There’s my speed limit.
I’m just going to go ahead …
Oh no, do I not?
Hey!
(screeching car brakes)
Driving can be pretty stressful.
Especially when people out there can be really
unpredictable.
And soon we’ll be dealing with a new type
of driver.
Over the last several years,
billions of dollars have been invested in developing
self-driving cars.
So, like it or not, most of us will be sharing
the road
with autonomous vehicles in the future.
But how are those logical robots
going to learn to share the road with human drivers
that don’t always follow the rules?
To find out, we headed to Stanford University,
located in the heart of Silicon Valley.
It's a hot spot for autonomous vehicle
technology.
There, I met up with Dorsa Sadigh.
She’s a computer scientist studying how
people drive.
Her goal is to use that information
to help self-driving cars
better predict human behavior.
Let’s just think of her as a
human ambassador for robots.
Maddie: I assume you’ve been in self-driving
cars, right?
Dorsa: Yeah, a couple times.
Maddie: What’s it like?
Dorsa: It’s kind of like sitting right next
to someone else
who you’re not comfortable with
his driving or her driving.
Like it reminds me of sitting right next to
my husband.
Maddie: I hope he’s watching.
Get it together, Dorsa’s husband.
Maddie: What do you think some of the challenges are going to be
as self-driving cars start to come into our
everyday lives?
Dorsa: Safety is a big, big, big problem
that we still have with autonomous cars.
These cars are OK with driving in normal driving
conditions
and normal roads with normal obstacles around
them
where they can detect everything.
The moment you put them in situations that
they haven’t seen,
they don’t really know how to deal with
that.
If all cars were autonomous,
a lot of our problems would have been solved
because it would have been much safer and easier
for the cars to coordinate with each other,
communicate with each other
and know what they are doing
and not necessarily deal with this other agent, this human driver.
Maddie: Before Dorsa can teach robots what to expect from human drivers,
she has to study how humans drive.
So she took me to a pretty sweet driving simulator.
We’re talking 360-degree screen, real car,
and a lot of sensors,
all dedicated to learning how people drive.
Hey, how do I look?
Good?
All right, cool.
Dorsa: Oh, seat belt?
Maddie: Oh, yeah, sure Dorsa.
(laughter, seatbelt clicks)
All right, you ready to cook?
Oh, look at this speedster.
What are we measuring of me right now?
What are you getting?
Dorsa: So the main thing we are getting is
your steering angle
and your acceleration braking, so that gives us your trajectory.
Maddie: My acceleration and my braking?
Dorsa: Yeah.
Maddie: OK.
And check out that orange dot.
The goggles I’m wearing allow them to track
the movement of my eyeballs during the simulation.
It helps them determine what I’m paying
attention to behind the wheel …
right before they try to kill me.
Hey!
(Car brakes screeching)
Did you see that?
Dorsa: Good job though.
Maddie: That guy almost killed us.
Good try, buddy.
Dorsa: So the other thing that we do is actually we create
near-accident scenarios to see how humans respond.
Maddie: Well that felt like a near-accident
scenario, Dorsa.
Dorsa: You responded well, yeah you braked.
Maddie: Well, thank you.
Oh doggie!
Doggie!
Somebody microchip that dog.
It doesn’t even have a collar on.
All right see you motorcycle.
Hey!
Easy buddy.
That motorcycle is trouble, did you see that?
Hey hey hey!
Simulator voice: Proceed straight at the intersection.
Maddie: What are people doing around here?
What’s kind of the endgame with your research?
What are you hoping that your research group
can contribute
to society and autonomous vehicles?
Dorsa: Yeah, so I’m really hoping by modeling
humans
and modeling this interaction between human-driven
cars and autonomous cars
we can have better and more efficient autonomous
cars
driving on shared roads with other humans
around them.
Maddie: Crazy humans like me.
Dorsa’s long-term goal is to build a model
of human driving behavior
that can be programmed into self-driving cars.
Go ahead.
That’s just a couple of humans interacting.
Enjoy your day, fellow human.
Maddie: Hey everybody, thanks for watching.
Adam: Subscribe to Skunk Bear, NPR’s science show.
Maddie: And check out the last episode of Maddie About Science.
Oh, it’s a red light.
Maddie, no!
Nailed it!
