
English: 
- Thanks to LastPass for
sponsoring a portion of the video.
(engine roaring sound)
This is the world's first
1000 horsepower 2020 Supra,
and it's still using the stock engine.
Why is that so surprising?
Well, when this car came out
people thought the engine
was absolute trash.
So why is this one
with relatively limited modifications able
to make 1000 horsepower?
Well, it comes down to
this man Stephen Papadakis
and his mad scientist
level of engineering.
In today's episode,
we're gonna go into how
Stephen disassembled this engine
and rebuilt it from the ground up,
we're gonna look at how
he used forged parts
and why the process of
forging is so important.
We'll see the reason why
so many stock parts were
actually worth keeping
and how they stood up to
that amount of horsepower.
And finally, my favorite,
we're gonna look at how he used lasers

English: 
Thanks the last pastor sponsoring a portion of the vi deo
This is the world's first
1000 horsepower
2020 Supra and it's still using the stock engine
Why is that so surprising well when this car came out people thought the engine was absolute trash
So why is this one with relatively limited modifications able to make a thousand horsepower?
Well, it comes down to this man Stefan Papadakis and his mad scientist level of ingenuity in today's episode
We're going to go into how stefan disassembled this engine and rebuilt it from the ground up
We're gonna look at how we use forged parts and why the process of forging is so important
we'll see the reason why so many stock parts were actually worth keeping and
how they stood up to that amount of horsepower and finally my favorite we're gonna look at how he used lasers and

English: 
and 3D printed metal parts
to push this engine over the edge.
You can 3D print metal
I didn't know that and that's super cool.
So get ready.
Oh boy.
(upbeat music)
Why would I always do
that? I gotta say (beep)
is that a Supra?
(upbeat music)
Thanks to LastPass for sponsoring
this portion of the video.
If you're as obsessed with JDM cars as me,
you're probably on a million
different forums and websites
and all those passwords and
usernames gets so confusing,
but I use LastPass so I can
keep all of those in one place.
Now LastPass remembers
and autofills your passwords on websites
and in apps on Android and iOS.
They make it super
convenient to just bop around
and not have to worry about,
oh, is this the password
or I put a number on the end

English: 
3d printed metal parts to push this engine over the edge you can 3d print metal. I didn't know that and that's super cool
So get ready. Oh boy. I
Did why would I do that? I got a save
Is that a Supra?
Thanks the last pass for sponsoring this portion of the video if you're as obsessed with JDM cars as me
you're probably on a million different forms and websites and all those passwords and usernames get so confusing but I
Use LastPass so I can keep all of those in one place LastPass
remembers and auto fills your passwords on websites and in apps on Android and iOS
They make it super convenient to just Bop around and not have to worry about
Oh, is this the password for it where I put a number on the end or where I put an exclamation point

English: 
or where I put an exclamation point.
None of that.
LastPass has unlimited password storage,
free cross device sync
and password sharing,
which comes in handy when my homeboys
wanna hop on the 5G train,
click the link and start
using LastPass today,
thanks to LastPass for
sponsoring that part of my video.
Now, back to Japan.
Now we've seen new supras before
that swap in a more powerful engine
like a 2JZ to get higher
horsepower, but not this one.
So why did Stephen Papadakis
keep the German born engine
that comes in the Supra?
Well, it's because he loves
a good engineering challenge.
Now if you don't know who Papadakis is,
this guy is an absolute legend.
In the 90s at only 21 years old,
he built the first two chaSsis,
front wheel drive drag
car in the United States.
The dude has put a
NASCAR motor in a SCSION.
He's build some wild ass cars
with some impressive engines
and now he wanted to get 1000 horsepower

English: 
None of that LastPass has unlimited
password storage free cross-device sync and
Password sharing which comes in handy when my homeboys want to hop on the 5g trink
Click the link and start using LastPass today
Thanks to LastPass for sponsoring that part of
My video
We've seen new supers before that swap in a more powerful engine like a 2jz to get higher horsepower
But not this one. So why did Stephan Papadakis is keep the german-born engine that comes in the Supra?
Well because he loves a good engineering challenge now
If you don't know who Papadakis is this guy is an absolute legend in the 90s at only 21 years old
He built the first tube chassis front-wheel drive drag car in the United States
The dude has put a NASCAR motor in a Scion
He's built some wild-ass cars with some impressive engines

English: 
out of the hated stock
Supra engine, the B58.
So where do you start?
Well, first, he needed to know
what it was really capable of.
So he did what any sensible,
efficient race team
owner/car builder would do.
He took a brand new 2020
Supra with 500 miles on it,
and he took it apart disassembling it
down to the bare block.
And by taking it apart,
he can inspect each critical component
to determine its high
horsepower worthiness,
kind of like a crime scene
investigator for engine.
He'd use his skills to one,
figure out how to get more horsepower
out of the B58 powerplant.
And two, what any of the
stock components be capable
of handling 1000 horsepower.
Also, as a side note,
he was the first person to
document doing this thing.
I mean, this engine was so new
that he had to call in favors
to his friends overseas
to get certain tools to take it apart.

English: 
and now he wanted to get a thousand horsepower out of the hated stock super engine the
B-58, so, where do you start?
Well first you needed to know what it was really capable of so he did what any sensible
Efficient race team owner slash car builder would do he took a brand new
2020 Supra with 500 miles on it and he took it apart
Disassembling it down to the bare block and by taking it apart
He could inspect each critical component to determine its high horsepower worthy kind of like a crime-scene
investigator for engine he'd use his skills to 1
figure out how to get more horsepower out of the b-58 powerplant
and two, what any of the stock components be capable of handling a thousand horsepower also as a side note
He was the first person to document doing this thing
I mean this engine was so new that he had to call in favors to his friends overseas

English: 
to get certain tools to take it apart and not only that he didn't have some shop manual or
YouTube to help him out. This was a massive challenge
This dude is straight up organ trailing his way through the b-58 engine
Anyways when your goal is to get a thousand horsepower, how do you get there?
Alright so first let's talk about how you get more power just overall in general we could start off with our most favorite of
equations the donut equation
Which is more air plus more fuel equals more power and we're gonna focus on the more air
Variable now the amount of air getting into your engine is the rate limiting factor in our famed donut equation
You can sit there and you can argue with me
And you say hey Jeremiah fuel is also a limiting factor
but I tell you you're gonna run out of air before you run out of the ability to dump more fuel in there and then
You're gonna lose the conversation. It'll look like a nerd so don't do it

English: 
And not only that
he didn't have some shop manual
or YouTube to help him out.
This was a massive challenge.
This dude is straight up
Oregon Trail in his way
through the B58 engine.
Anyways, when your goal
is to get 1000 horsepower,
how do you get there?
(upbeat music)
All right. So first,
let's talk about how you get more power
just overall in general.
We can start off with our
most favorite of equations,
the donut equation,
which is more air plus more
fuel equals more power,
and we're gonna focus on
the more air variable.
Now, the amount of air
getting into your engine
is the rate limiting factor in
our feigned donate equation.
And you can sit there and you
can argue with me and you say,
'hey, Jeremiah, fuel is
also a limiting factor.'
But I tell you, you're
gonna run out of air
before you run out of the ability
to dump more fuel in there,
and then you're gonna lose a conversation
and look like a nerd.
So don't do it.

English: 
So there are a few ways we can
get more air into the motor.
A one way is to increase the displacement
meaning we can increase
the volume of our cylinder.
So we can do that by boring the cylinders
which is making them wider like that
or we can do by stroking the engine
by changing out the crankshaft
and that makes the
cylinder taller like that.
That allows the piston to
travel down the cylinder further
and therefore increasing
the volume of air pulled in
Papadakis, he didn't go this route
and he did it for a few good reasons.
Now from the factory the all
aluminum D58 cylinder walls
are coated with an electric arc wire spray
and that process starts out
with a conductive metal wire
that they then heat up
until its melting point
and then they take that melted wire
and they spray it on the cylinder
walls using high pressure
and once it's sprayed on,
it forms a very thin
layer of iron material
about 0.3 millimeters thick
and this layer is
extremely wear resistant.
Transfers heat really good
and it reduces the amount of
friction on the piston rings.

English: 
So there are a few ways we can get more air into the motor but one way is to increase the displacement
Meaning we can increase the volume of our cylinder so we can do that by boring the cylinders which is making them wider
like that
Or we can do it by stroking the engine by changing out the crankshaft
And that makes a cylinder taller like that that allows the piston to travel down the cylinder further and therefore
Increasing the volume of air it pulls in a Papadakis he didn't go this route and he didn't for a few good reasons
From the factory the all-aluminum d-58 cylinder walls are coated with an electric
Why're spring and that process?
starts out with a
conductive metal wire that they then heat up until its melting point and then they take that melted wire and they spray it on the
cylinder walls using high pressure and once it's sprayed on it forms a very thin layer of iron material about
0.3 millimeters thick and this layer is extremely
wear resistant transfers heat really good
And it reduces the amount of friction on the piston rings

English: 
Now if you were to go
and bore that cylinder,
you'd essentially be removing that layer
and that's not good.
So what about stroking the motor?
Well, when Papadakis
dismantled the engine,
he took a good CSI look at the crankshaft
and it was a beefy one.
Not only was it beefy, it was forged,
and I'm gonna get into forged parts
and explain why that's
important in a second,
but for now, let's just know
that there wasn't a need to
swap out the crank just yet.
So if we didn't bore it or stroke it
to get more air into the cylinders.
What did he do?
Well, another way we can add more air
is by using forced induction systems,
we can supercharge it
or we can turbo charge it #boostcreeps.
Now both of these methods force
more air into the cylinders
and the B58 already comes turbocharged,
so that's great,
but the stock turbocharger can't deliver
the amount of air mass needed
to make 1000 horsepower
you need a bigger turbo
to force more air in.
So Papadakis went with the
biggest turbo BorgWarner makes

English: 
Now if you were to going for that cylinder, you'd essentially be removing that layer and that's not good
So what about stroking a motor? Well when Papadakis dismantled the engine. He took a good CSI
Look at the crankshaft and it was a beefy one. Not only was it beefy
It was forged and I'm gonna get into forts parts and explain why that's important in a second
But for now, let's just know that there wasn't a need to swap out the crank just yet
So if we didn't bore it or Stroke it to get more air into the cylinders. What did he do?
Well another way we can add more air is by using forced induction systems
We can supercharge it or we can turbocharger hashtag blue escapes now both of these methods force more air
Into the cylinders and the b-58 already comes turbocharged. So that's great
But the stock turbocharger can't deliver the amount of air mass needed to make a thousand horsepower
You need a bigger turbo to force more air in so Papa. Doc Asst went with the biggest turbo

English: 
BorgWarner makes capable of flowing a hundred and ten pounds of air a minute
When it's spinning at its max rpm of a hundred and seventeen
Thousand rpm now to give you an idea of how much air that is say
We had a room that's 10 foot wide by 10 foot tall by 10 foot long
It could suck all thousand cubic feet out of that room in 41 seconds
that's a lotta air but slapping a bigger turbo on the b-58 creates a bunch more stress on the
internal components of that engine and when we say internals we're talking about
Pistons rods the crank the camshafts the bearings
Anything that has a force applied to it
During the combustion cycle now if we add in more air and we added more fuel. We create a much bigger. Boom
explosion
inside the combustion chamber the cylinders
right and that bigger combustion pushes the piston down with a bunch more force and if we're going from
335 horsepower which the stock engine has

English: 
capable of flowing 110
pounds of air a minute
when it's spinning at its
max RPM of 117,000 RPM.
Now to give you an idea
of how much air that is,
say we had a room that's 10 foot wide
by 10 foot tall by 10 foot long,
it could suck all thousand cubic feet
out of that room in 41 seconds.
That's a lot of air.
But slapping a bigger turbo on the B58
creates a bunch more stress
on the internal components of that engine.
And when we say internals,
we're talking about pistons, rods,
the crank, the camshafts, the bearings,
anything that has a force applied to it
during the combustion cycle.
Now if we add in more air
and we added more fuel,
we create a much bigger
boom, (blowout sound)
explosion inside the combustion chamber
the cylinders, right?
And that bigger combustion
pushes the piston down
(blowout sound) with a bunch more force.
And if we're going from 335 horsepower,
which the stock engine
has to 1000 horsepower,

English: 
2,000 horsepower almost three times as much we can assume the forces acting on those internal components
It's also three times as much. So how do you make sure those internals can hold up to all that added horsepower?
Well, you make them out of a stronger material and here is where we'll talk about forged internals
Now there are a lot of ways you can go about making metal parts
But today I'm gonna focus on casting parts and forging parts
so first
let's talk about the most common way of making parts and that is
Casting so casting is a process in which you take a metal and then you heat it up until it turns it to liquid
You then pour that liquid metal into a mold that's in the shape of your part
And then let that metal cool inside the mold where it solidifies
Turns from a liquid to solid and now you have your part. So there are three main ways of casting parts
There's sand casting which uses a mold from sand

English: 
almost three times as much
we can assume the force acting
on those internal components
is also three times as much.
So how do you make sure
those internals can hold up
to all that added horsepower?
Well, you make them out
of a stronger material
and here is where we'll
talk about forged internals.
(upbeat music)
Now there are a lot of ways,
you can go about making metal parts,
but today I'm gonna focus on
casting parts and forging parts.
So first, let's talk about
the most common way of making
parts and that is casting.
So casting is a process
in which you take a metal
and then you heat it up
until it turns into liquid,
you then pour that liquid metal
into a mold that's in
the shape of your part.
You then let that metal cool
inside the mold where it solidifies
turns from a liquid to solid,
and now you have your part.
So there are three main
ways of casting parts.
There is sand casting,
which uses a mold from sand,

English: 
there's investment casting which uses a plaster mold and there's die casting which uses high pressure to form your part in between
Metal dies and the main principle throughout all those methods is really the same you heat up a metal
You pour it in a mold and you let it cool
And by the way humans have been casting parts for thousands of years
one of the oldest surviving cast parts is a copula frog from
3200 BC all the way from Mesopotamia now
We still cast a lot of parts today not only in the automotive world, but it things like your cooking pans
We got tools actually. Let me grab a tool
These are pipe wrenches that are cast and they're really cheaply made
They even say china stamped on it and they're a piece of shit
I've broken like five of these there is a ton of stuff made
using the casting process and there's a few reasons why you can cast
extremely large parts or parts with complicated shapes you use casting when you need a part made out of a specific out word you can
you're molten metals and you can mix them together to achieve the

English: 
there's investment casting,
which uses a plaster mold
and there's dye casting,
which uses high pressure
to form your part in between metal dyes.
And the main principle
throughout all those methods
is really the same.
You heat up the metal,
you pour it in a mold
and you let it cool.
And by the way,
humans have been casting
parts for thousands of years.
One of the oldest surviving cast parts
is a copper (frog croaking) frog
from 3200 BC, all the
way from Mesopotamia.
(frog croaking) Now we still
cast a lot of parts today,
not only in the automotive world,
but in things like your cooking pans,
we got tools actually lemme grab a tool.
These are pipe wrenches that are cast,
and they're really cheaply made.
They even say China stamped on it
and they're a piece of (beep).
I've broken like five of these.
There is a tone of stuff made
using the casting process
and there's a few reasons why.
You can cast extremely large parts
or parts with complicated shapes.
You use casting when you need a part
made out of a specific alloy,
you can take your molten metals
and you can mix them together

English: 
to achieve the specific ratio
of metal you need in your final part
and when you're trying
to cut down on costs,
once you have the mold made,
you can essentially duplicate
your part much quicker.
Casting is a great way to pump
out a lot of identical parts.
Cool, that's casting.
So what is forging?
Well, instead of heating
metal until it melts
like in casting,
you start off with a solid piece of metal
and you shape it using pressure.
And that pressure comes from a hammer,
an old school style or a
pneumatic power hammer or dye,
which we typically use nowadays.
And even like casting
there are a bunch of different
ways you can forge parts
and the reason it's called forging
is because when you heat the metal up,
you use a forge to do so.
In the most simplistic of terms,
a forge is just a really hot oven.
Now you might have seen
on TV swords being made.
They're made using the forging process,
a blacksmith he'll be like
hammering down on the sword,
putting it in the forge till it gets hot
pulling it back out,

English: 
Specific ratio of metal you need in your final part and when you're trying to cut down on costs
once you have the mold made you can essentially duplicate your part much quicker casting is a great way to pump out a lot of
Identical parts cool that's gas
so what is forging well instead of heating metal until it melts like in casting you start off with a
solid piece of metal and you shape it using pressure and that pressure comes from a hammer old-school style or a
pneumatic power hammer or a die which we typically use
Nowadays and even like casting there are a bunch of different ways
You can Forge parts and the reason it's called
forging is because when you heat the metal up you use a forge to do so and the most simplistic of terms a
Forge is just a really really hot oven
Now you might have seen on TV swords being made. They're made using the forging process the blacksmith
He'll be like hammering down on the sword putting it in a forge till it gets hot pulling it back out
Hammering it again and reshaping the blade blacksmith are friggin cool

English: 
hammering it again and
reshaping the blade.
Blacksmiths are freakin cool man.
Welders and blacksmith tough some (beep).
So when gearheads say, 'their
engine has forged internals,'
we all nod our head and we're like,
yeah, cool, cool man.
Yeah, that must be a good thing.
And it is a good thing.
But why is the forging process
better than the casting process?
Well, it comes down to grain structure,
we're nerding out today boys get ready.
Now if we were to take a
piece of iron, for example,
and put it under a high
powered microscope,
we could see that it has
a crystalline structure,
meaning those iron atoms
have a very highly ordered arrangement
and when metals fail,
is when those atoms
slip against each other.
So when you cast apart for example,
the liquid metal has a grain structure
that goes in all sorts
of different directions
and that is not good,
because now you have a part
with non uniform strength properties.
Also, there's always a
possibility when you cast parts
that you create internal
voids due to gas pockets.

English: 
Man welders and blacksmiths tuff some so when gearhead say their engine has forged internals
We all nod our head and were like yeah cool cool, man
Yeah, that must be a good thing and it is a good thing. But why is the forging process?
Better than the casting process. Well, it comes down to grain structure. We're nerding out today boys
Get ready now
If we were to take a piece of iron for example and put it under a high-powered microscope
We can see that it has a crystalline structure meaning those iron atoms. Have a very highly ordered
Arrangement and when metals fail is when those atoms slip against each other
So when you cast apart, for example
The liquid metal has a grain structure that goes in all sorts of different directions and that is not good
Because now you have a part with non-uniform strength properties
also
there's always a possibility when you cast parts that you create internal voids due to gas pockets your point liquid metal in and

English: 
Air can get trapped in between the metal and then as it solidifies
You now have a pocket of air in the middle of your part. That means different areas of the part
We'll have different densities which is bad because now as the part cools it can warp
Weakening the entire part as a whole so with forged parts, you're not heating up your metal until it liquefies
Which means you're not introducing air pockets into your part the grain those metal atoms?
Maintain their crystalline structure throughout the entire part its uniform and that is very very good
Especially in parts that are experiencing high amounts of stress because the grain has a uniform orientation
It has a higher impact strength and more resistance to fatigue. So not only our fourth part stronger
It takes more time to make them the quality of the starting material is usually better and therefore
It's more expensive to make them. So what does all this have to do with this Supra?

English: 
You're pulling liquid metal in
and air can get trapped
in between the metal
and then as it solidifies,
you now have a pocket of air
in the middle of your part.
That means different areas of the part
will have different densities,
which is bad because now as a part cools,
it can warp weakening the
entire part as a whole.
So with forged parts,
you're not heating up your
metal until it liquefies,
which means you're not
introducing air pockets
into your part.
The grain, those metal atoms
maintain their crystalline structure
throughout the entire part.
It's uniform and that is very good,
especially in parts
that are experiencing
high amounts of stress.
Because the grain has
a uniform orientation.
It has a higher impact strength
and more resistance to fatigue.
So not only are forged parts stronger,
it takes more time to make them,
the quality of the starting
material is usually better
and therefore it's more
expensive to make them.

English: 
Well when you're adding extra boost from the bigger turbo
There's a few weak links in your engine when you apply that amount of excess force
Talking about the Pistons the rods and the head gasket
so if this engine is making a thousand horsepower, that means each cylinder is making about
866 horsepower that is a lot of horsepower out of one cylinder
That's more horsepower than the entire engine in a 2020 Corolla. I mean what the heck that's also a lot of pressure
Not only pushing down on the piston, but pushing back up on the head
There's a bunch of forces trying to rip these parts apart
so they need to be made out of a stronger material and that's why this
1000 horsepower Supra used forged internals
Now the forged pistons were specifically
Designed for this car and they have coatings on the top and on the side skirts

English: 
So what does all this have
to do with this Supra?
Well, when you're adding extra
boost from the bigger turbo,
there's a few weak links in your engine
when you apply that
amount of excess force.
Talking about the pistons,
the rods and the head gasket.
So if this engine is
making 1000 horsepower,
that means each cylinder,
is making about 166 horsepower
that is a lot of horsepower
out of one cylinder
that's more horsepower
than the entire engine
in a 2020 Corolla,
I mean, what the heck?
That's also a lot of pressure,
not only pushing down on the piston,
but pushing back up on the head.
There's a bunch of forces
trying to rip these parts apart
so they need to be made
out of a stronger material
and that's why this 1000 horsepower Supra
used forged internals.
(upbeat music)
Now the forged pistons
were specifically designed for this car
and they have coatings on the
top and on the side skirts.
And the top coating is put on there

English: 
to help resist heat on
the dome of the piston
and the coating on the skirts,
help reduce the wear on the cylinder bores
and the rods they were designed
specifically for this motor
using 4330, pre-hardened
chromoly steel forging.
If you're curious what that number means?
Good, because I'm gonna tell you.
Whoa (upbeat music)
Carbon and alloy steels
use a standardized four digit number
to classify the type of steel.
And the first two digits tell
you the main type of material.
So 43 tells us
that it's a nickel,
chromium, molybdenum steel,
and the last two digits
they tell you the amount of
carbon present in the steel
and hundreds of a percent by weight.
So 30 means it's point three
zero percent weight carbon,
and that's all very good and cool
and you can impress your friends with it
but if you take anything away from this
is that these are extremely
well made forged parts.
Now to keep the head on tight,
remember, we have a lot
more cylinder pressure now
from the added boost.

English: 
And the top coating is put on there to help resist heat on the Dome of the piston and the coating on the skirts
Help reduce the wear on the cylinder bores and the rods they were designed specifically for this motor using
43:30 pre hardened chromoly steel
Forging if you're curious what that number means good because I'm gonna tell you
Carbon and alloy steels use a standardized
four-digit number to classify the type of steel and the first two digits tell you the main type of material so
43 tells us that it's a nickel chromium molybdenum steel and the last two digits
They tell you the amount of carbon present in the steel and hundreds of a percent by weight
So thirty means it's point three zero percent weight carbon and that's all very good and cool
You can impress your friends with it. But if you take anything away from this is that these are extremely well-made
Forged parts now to keep the head on tight
Remember, we have a lot more cylinder pressure now from the added boost

English: 
They needed special ARP studs which allowed the head bolts to be torqued down to?
135
Foot-pounds that means with the 12 inch ratchet like this
You have to put a hundred and thirty-five pounds of pressure to torque those bolts average weight of a 12 year old probably
135 freaking pounds happy y'all watching this can't even lift 135 pounds
we can I know y'all just at home watching videos do some push-ups that leads me to my next point and that is the
surprising amount of stock internals used in this build
I mean, it uses the stock head gasket
The stock cams the stock crankshaft to stock piston rings even the stock rod in main burns the engineers over at Toyota
BMW engineered the factory engine to be able to withstand a lot of horsepower New Age
2jz anybody maybe I don't know. I'm kind of saying it I'm saying it is I'm saying it's better
I'm fine in the comments. Come find me at my house. Well a verbal lashing tjs to jay-z's better. No no way, bro

English: 
They needed special ARP studs
which allowed the head
bolts to be torque down
to 135 foot-pounds.
That means with a 12
inch ratchet like this,
you have to put 135 pounds of pressure
to torque those bolts.
Average weight of a 12 year old
probably 135 freakin pounds.
Happy y'all watching this
can't even lift 135 pounds?
Weak (beep).
I know y'all just sit
at home watching videos
do some push ups
and that leads me to my next point
and that is the surprising amount
of stock internals used in this bill
meaning it uses the stock head gasket,
the stock cams, the stock crankshaft,
the stock piston rings,
even the stock rod and main bearings.
The engineers over at Toyota/BMW
engineered the factory engine
to be able to withstand
a lot of horsepower.
New age 2JZ anybody? Maybe I don't know.
I'm kinda saying it.
I'm saying it is.
I'm saying it's better.
Fight me in the comments.
Come fight me at my house.
We have a verbal lashing.
- 2JZ is better.

English: 
- No way bro B58 is better convince me.
- Oh dude, you're so lucky,
I can't come over there
and whoap your (beep).
- Oh, you're lucky I can't come over there
and whoap your (beep).
I whoap your (beep) so hard.
(laughs loudly)
(upbeat music)
So I wanna talk about a
few of those stock parts,
specifically the head gasket,
the bearings and the piston rings
because to be honest,
I think it is quite amazing
they were able to use those parts.
Now first let's talk
about the head gasket.
Now the head gasket
function is to create a seal
in between the engine block
and the cylinder head.
And then you may have heard of people
blowing head gaskets, right?
To understand why that happens,
we need to talk about compression ratios.
Now compression ratios,
are actually pretty easy to understand.
So you have your cylinder, right?
Yep, and there's a certain amount
of volume in that cylinder.
Well, a compression ratio is basically
the volume of that cylinder
when the piston is way down here

English: 
B-58 better come convince me all dude. You're so lucky. I can't come over there and whoop beer. Oh, you're lucky
I can't come over there. Whoop your I
Want to talk about a few of those stock parts
Specifically the head gasket the bearings and the piston rings because to be honest. I think it is quite amazing
They were able to use those parts now first
Let's talk about the head gasket of a head gasket
Function is to create a seal in between the engine block and the cylinder head and you may have heard of people
blowing head gaskets right to understand why that happens we need to talk about
Compression ratios no compression ratios are actually pretty easy to understand if you have your cylinder, right?
Yep, and there's a certain amount of volume in that cylinder
well
A compression ratio is basically the volume of that cylinder when the piston is way down here and then as the piston compresses

English: 
and then as the piston compresses
all that volume up there,
there's little gap at the top.
So it's the ratio of the volume
when the piston is down here
to when the piston is at the very top.
Typically, it's in the range of 7:1, 8:1
and high horsepower and race motors
that are running off race fuel,
it's in the 10.5 to 11:1 ratio.
But at the end of the day,
all that you need to know is that,
that number determines what kind
and what type of head gasket you can use.
So we use this fancy funny equation,
we find out our final
compression ratio is 39:1
and remember, that's not only the pressure
pushing down on the piston,
but pushing up on the cylinder head.
So you need a head gasket
that can keep the seal
between the head and the block
when that pressure is that high.
And in the case of this 2020 Supra,
they can use the stock head gasket,
which is pretty crazy
given that this engine is
putting out 40 pounds of boost
to make that thousand horsepower.
But there are a bunch of factors

English: 
All that volume of air there's a little gap at the top
So it's the ratio of the volume when the piston is down here
so when the piston is at the very top typically it's in the range of
7 to 1 8 to 1 and high horsepower and race motors that are running off race fuel
It's in the 10 and a half to 11 to 1 ratio
But at the end of the day all that you need to know. Is that that number?
Determines what kind and what type of head gasket you can use so we use this fancy fun equation
We find out our final compression ratio
It's 39 to 1 and remember that's not only the pressure pushing down on the piston
But pushing up on the cylinder head
So you need a head gasket that can keep the seal between the head and the block when that pressure
Is that hot and in the case of this 2020 Supra they can use the stock head gasket
Which is pretty crazy giving that this engine is putting out
40 pounds of boost to make that thousand horsepower
There are a bunch of factors going to blowing a head gasket a bad tune ending

English: 
that go into blowing a head gasket,
a bad tune spinning your
air fuel mixture is off,
too much heat, pre ignition etc.
So a high compression ratio
isn't the only driving factor
but regardless, you need
a high quality head gasket
and the stock one is that.
(upbeat music)
The next stock internal on the list,
are the rod and the main bearings
and in internal combustion engine,
the connecting rods,
they're attached at one end to the piston
and on the other end,
they're attached to the crankshaft
and then your crankshaft itself
is attached to the block.
So, the rod bearings,
those are the bearings placed
in between the rod and the crankshaft.
And the main bearings,
those are placed in between
the crank shaft and the block.
And in the case of this 2020 Supra,
those bearings have a special coating
and the reason they have a special coating
is because of the start-stop function
that comes standard when you buy a Supra.
Now a lot of cars nowadays
have this start-stop function.

English: 
Your air fuel mixture is off too much heat pre-ignition, etc, etc
So a high compression ratio isn't the only driving factor, but regardless you need a high-quality
head gasket in the stock one is that
The next stock internal on the list are the rod and the main bearings and an internal combustion engine the connecting rods
They're attached at one end to the piston on the other end. They're attached to the crankshaft
And then your crankshaft itself is attached to the block
So the rod bearings those are the bearings placed in between the rod and the crankshaft and the main bearings
Those are placed in between the crankshaft and the block and in the case of this
2020 Supra those bearings have a special coating and the reason they have a special coating is because of the start/stop function
That comes standard when you buy a Supra now a lot of cars nowadays have this start/stop function
Pull up to a red light and your car shuts off

English: 
Well when this happens, there's no oil being pumped to coat those bearings
Now this phenomena happens all the time in cars without this stop start function
But it's not as big of a deal over the life of the engine because you're not turning it on and off
Multiple times during your commute to work for example
But in cars with this feature it obviously happens a lot more and those bearings are now
Experiencing more friction and more wear because they're lacking that oil
so to combat this these bearings are coded in the
2020s supra uses a polymer coated bearing that not only improves the wear resistant
It increases the fatigue strength
Compared to non coated bearings and that is great when you're building a high horsepower motor like the one in this car
Now the last stock component I want to talk about are the rings and if you look at a piston
There are grooves that the Rings are retaining and it's the rings that are actually in

English: 
Pull up to a red light
and your car shuts off.
Well, when this happens,
there's no oil being pumped
to coat those bearings.
Now this phenomena happens all the time
in cars without this stop-start function
but it's not as big of a deal
over the life of the engine
because you're not turning
it on and off multiple times
during your commute to work, for example.
But in cars with this feature,
it obviously happens a lot more
and those bearings are now
experiencing more friction
and more wear because
they're lacking that oil.
So to combat this, these
bearings are coated.
In the 2020 Supra uses
a polymer coated bearing
that not only improves the wear resistant,
it increases the fatigue strength
compared to non coated bearings.
And that is great,
when you're building a
high horsepower motor
like the one in this car.
(car engine roaring)
Now the last stock component
I wanna talk about are the rings
and if you look at a piston,
there are grooves that
the rings are retaining

English: 
Contact with the cylinder wall on a four-stroke engine. There are three types of rings you have your compression ring
You have your wiper ring and you have an oil ring and each of those rings serves a specific
Function if we start at the bottom of our piston closest to the skirt, that is the oil ring
The oil ring is used to remove excess oil from the cylinder wall
Let's get all the oil gets splashed up from underneath the crank returning that oil
using return holes that are in the bottom groove of the
Piston now above that of oil ring is the wiper ring and its main function is also to remove some excess oil from the cylinder
There like squeeze use finally on top of that is the compression ring and that keeps the pressure
Confined in the cylinder and also it's the job of all three rings to transfer heat from the piston
To the cylinder walls and when you make more horsepower
You're creating more heat and the ability of these rings to withstand that heat and added compression is
Really important to keeping a healthy engine now

English: 
and it's the rings that
are actually in contact
with the cylinder wall.
Now on a four stroke engine,
there are three types of rings.
You have your compression ring,
you have your wiper ring
and you have an oil ring
and each of those rings
serves a specific function.
And we start at the bottom of our piston
closest to the skirt.
That is the oil ring.
The oil ring is used
to remove excess oil
from the cylinder wall,
it gets all the oil splashed up
from underneath the crank,
returning that oil using return holes
that are in the bottom
groove of the piston.
Now above that oil ring is the wiper ring
and its main function is also
to remove some excess
oil from the cylinder
they like squeezees.
Finally on top of that
is the compression ring
and that keeps the pressure
confined in the cylinder
and also it's the job of all three rings
to transfer heat from the
piston to the cylinder walls
and when you make more horsepower,
you're creating more heat
and the ability of these
rings to withstand that heat
and add a compression
is really important to
keeping a healthy engine.

English: 
This has been just a very long-winded way of saying the internals on the Supra are
Really really good
Not too many engines out there can use the stock crank cans head gasket piston rings rod and main bearings in their search
for a thousand horsepower
But there's one thing in particular that Papadakis needed to bypass that was stock and that is the direct
Injection system. So in our doughnut equation, we've already talked about air now. We're going to talk about fuel
Now in a more conventional
Fuel injection system that fuel sprayed into the intake port or the manifold and then that fuel is then pulled into the combustion chamber
Along with the air passing by the intake valve on its way to the combustion chamber now with direct injection
The fuel doesn't go by the intake valves, it goes straight into the cylinder. And the reason we have direct injection is pretty cool
Really, it improves combustion efficiency

English: 
Now this has been just
a very long winded way
of saying the internals on
the Supra are really good.
Not too many engines out there
can use the stock crank, cams,
head gasket, piston rings
rod and main bearings
in their search for 1000 horsepower.
But there's one thing in particular
that Papadakis needed
to bypass that was stuck
and that is the direct injection system.
So in our donut equation,
we've already talked about air,
now we're gonna talk about fuel.
(upbeat music)
Now in a more conventional
fuel injection system,
the fuel is sprayed into the
intake port or the manifold
and then that fuel is then pulled
into the combustion
chamber along with the air
passing by the intake valve
on its way to the combustion chamber.
Now with direct injection,
the fuel doesn't go by the intake valves,
it goes straight into the cylinder
and the reason we have direct injection
is pretty cool really.
It improves combustion efficiency,
it increases fuel economy

English: 
and it lowers the amount of
emissions your car makes.
So direct injection is
actually really cool
but unfortunately for Papadakis,
the aftermarket support for
the 2020 Super direct injectors
is not there right now.
He needs to be able to dump a
bunch more fuel through them
and be able to control them
and no one makes a
system that can do that.
So he had to go with a
more traditional setup
using fuel injectors placed
in the intake manifold,
six 2000cc fuel injectors to be exact
and because the Supra
uses direct injection,
the factory intake manifold
doesn't have any ports for
those injectors to go in.
So a completely new intake manifold
needed to be designed and built
and this was maybe the scariest
part of the entire build.
To get 1000 horsepower they
needed this manifold to work.
If they couldn't get it right.
They weren't going to hit their mark
of making thousand horsepower.
So what they did is they laser scanned
the original intake manifold,

English: 
It increases fuel economy and it lowers the amount of emissions your car make so direct injection is actually really cool
But unfortunately for Papadakis the aftermarket support for the 2020 supra direct injectors is not there right now
He needs to be able to dump a bunch more fuel through them and be able to control them and no one makes a system
That can do that. So he had to go with a more traditional
setup using fuel injectors placed in the intake manifold six
2000 CC fuel injectors to be exact and because the super uses direct injection the factory intake manifold
doesn't have any ports for those injectors to go in so a
completely new intake manifold needed
Redesigned and built and this was maybe the scariest part of the entire build to get a thousand horsepower
They needed this manifold to work if they couldn't get it, right. They weren't going to hit their mark of making a thousand horsepower
So what they did is they laser scanned the original intake manifold
They then took that

English: 
they then took that scan and
they put it into CAD software
and they designed their own.
They then 3D printed that CAD model
to test fit it on the actual engine
and then they finally 3D printed
the intake manifold using aluminum.
That's right you get 3D print metal people
were living in the freakin future.
This's so cool.
So how do you print metal?
Well, you use lasers.
It's always lasers, guys,
lasers fix everything.
It's a process called
selective laser melting
and it's really cool
and fundamentally, it's
pretty easy to understand.
Now first, you start off
with a 3D model, right?
And then you take that 3D part
and you section it into
thousands of 2D layers,
thousands of cross sections
and this is an additive process.
So it's going to build that part,
one cross section, one layer at a time.
Now, inside an ASLM machine,
you have a chamber that's
filled with metal powder,

English: 
Scan and they put it into CAD software and they designed it wrong it in 3d printed that CAD model to test fit it on
the actual engine and then they finally
3d printed the intake manifold using
Aluminum, that's right. You get 3d print metal people. We're living in the freakin future. This is so cool
So, how do you print metal? Well, you use lasers, it's always lasers guys lasers fix everything
It's a process called selective laser melting and it's really cool and fundamentally
It's pretty easy to understand now first. You start off with a 3d model, right?
And then you take that 3d part and you section it into thousands of shooty layers thousands of cross-sections
And this is an additive process
So it's going to build that part one cross section one layer at a time
Now inside an SL n machine you have a chamber that's filled with metal powder

English: 
and that metal powder is
spread across the baseplate
in a very thin layer
about 2/1000 of an inch
thick of metal powder
that's about half the
size of a human hair.
Just think about dust
you just dusting,
putting dust on top of a
of a metal plate, alright?
But it's metal dust okay?
A laser inside the machine
then fuses that thin layer of metal powder
sitting on the base plate
in the shape of your first
two dimensional layer.
Now the build plate drops down
and a layer of metal powder is then
evenly laid across the
top of the first layer.
The laser then comes by
and it fuses the second layer
powder on top of the first
and the process repeats itself
until you have all of those 2D layers,
all of those 2D cross sections
built up to make a 3D part.
Now just the plenum for the intake
was made out of 6991 layers
that took over 51 hours to make
and because the intake was so large,
it had to be broken up
into multiple pieces,

English: 
And that metal powder is spread across a base plate in a very thin layer about two one
Thousands of an inch thick of metal powder. That's about half the size of a human hair. Just think about dust you
Just dusting putting just on top of a metal plate, right, but it's metal dust
Okay a laser inside the machine then fuses that thin layer of metal powder
Sitting on the base plate in the shape of your first two dimensional layer
Now the bill plate drops down and a layer of metal powder is then evenly laid across the top of the first layer the laser
then comes by and it fuses the second layer powder on top of the first and a process repeats itself until you have all of
Those 2d layers all of those 2d
Cross-sections built up to make a 3d part now just the plenum for the intake was made out of six
Thousand nine hundred and ninety-one layers that took over
51 hours to make and because the intake was so large and had to be broken up into multiple pieces

English: 
where it was then welded
together to form a single piece.
This is by far the
coolest part on this car
and what's even cooler is that it worked.
I mean, it was a huge
engineering challenge
and they were able to successfully make it
that's the best part.
Whenever your engineers something,
and it works out great (kisses).
And that speaks to who Papadakis is,
and why he did this
build in the first place.
Hear it from the man himself.
- So for me, I love motorsports
but it's not always about the
driver and the championship
and the cars going around the track
and seeing who's winning.
I really love to see
the vehicles themselves
and how they're built
and wish the teams on the highest levels
like Formula One and NASCAR and such,
would share more of how the
cars are engineered and built
to really see a lot of that
engenuity that goes into those
and then potentially even take
some of what we can learn
from them sharing on their race cars
and apply it to the cars that we built.

English: 
Where it was then welded together to form a single piece. This is by far the coolest
Part on this car and what's even cooler is that it worked?
I mean it was a huge engineering challenge and they were able to successfully make it
That's the best part whenever you're engineer or something and it works out great
No, and that speaks to who Papadakis is and why he did this build in the first place hear it from the man himself
So for me, I I love motorsports
But it's not always about the driver and the championship and the car is going around the track and seeing who's winning
I really love to see
the vehicles themselves and how they're built and wish the teams on the highest level that Formula One and
NASCAR and such would share more of
how the cars are engineered and built
to really
See a lot of that
You know ingenuity that goes into those and then potentially even take some of what we can learn from
Them sharing on their race cars and apply to the cars that we built

English: 
We want to thank Stephan Papadakis for giving us a bunch of his time to talk about the Supra as well as @jonsibal
Who designed the body kit on the Supra and the render reused throughout the video? Thank you. Thank you so much
It's really great stuff and we only dove into a fraction of this build
If you haven't already go to his YouTube page where he goes in-depth
I'm not just the engine but the roll cage the suspension setup anything and everything you could imagine
He has some seriously great content on there all of us that don't have watched his videos
They are really really great go support him too. And then dude. We got donut every day of the week now
James has got a new show. It's called the d-list. Check it out that's on Fridays
Click like subscribe and we here at bumper-to-bumper
We actually need your help
If you want your car's footage to be featured on this show
Follow us on all our social media accounts will be putting messages out there letting you know
Which cars we'll be featuring on the show in future episodes
And then you could possibly see your car on an episode of bumper to bumper. So follow us

English: 
- We wanna thank Stephen
Papadakis for giving us
a bunch of it's time to
talk about the Supra,
as well as John Sibal,
who designed the body kit on the Supra,
and the render we used
throughout the video.
Thank you so much it's really great stuff.
And we only dove into a
fraction of this bill,
if you haven't already
go to his YouTube page,
where he goes in depth
on not just the engine,
but the roll cage, the suspension setup,
anything and everything you could imagine.
He has some seriously
great content on there.
All of us that don't ever
have watched his videos,
they're really great.
Go support him too.
And then, dude, we got donut
every day of the week now.
James has got a new show
it's called the D list.
Check it out that's on Fridays.
So click, like, subscribe,
and we here at Bumper to Bumper,
we actually need your help.
If you want your car's footage
to be featured on this show.
Follow us on all our
social media accounts.
We'll be putting messages out there
letting you know which cars
we'll be featuring on the show
in future episodes.

English: 
And then you could possibly
see your car on an episode
of Bumper to Bumper.
So follow us, send me a
message if you got a car
that you want to see on the show.
It's got a cool engineering aspect to it.
Bye for now.
(kisses) I love you mum.
Whoa (upbeat music)
Oh boy,
why would I always do that?
I gotta say is that a Supra
and then do the thing right?
What an (beep) (laughs).

English: 
Send me a message
If you got a car that you want to see on the show that's got a cool engineering aspect to it. Bye for now
Oh boy, I
Didn't why would I do that? I gotta say is that as Supra and then do the thing, right? What in?
