Hi all you welcome to
module two of the European Union
ACT [Agents for Citizens-Driven
Transformation] programme
Monitoring and Evaluation training
designed for Civil Society
Organization [CSOs] partners in Nigeria. This
programme
is being implemented
by the British council in Nigeria as
well.
I'm very sure you have been able to
complete
your program
table which we did in Module One? So
module one, we were able to discuss
Monitoring and Evaluation
and look at the types, the differences-
different types of approach
and your learning task has been to
identify
programs within your organization and
name the goals and objectives. This
brings us to module two,
module 2 focuses on you designing or
developing
a 'Causal Pathway' or what we refer to as
a 'Theory of Change'
and for your program and not only for
the programs or projects that you carry
out but also for your organization as
well, you should think about
your organization as a whole having
a theory of change which is yes you
having a theory that states that if you
do
A and B it's going to result to C
or D and the C or D that we're talking
about is your vision;
if it's your organization and if it's a
programme what
a project we're talking about the
project objective or the programme
objective
all these we'll be looking at looking
at in
in module two um and also
yes work on the learning task anyways
but um
this focuses on we call it Causal
pathways so i will be mentioning
causal pathways or theory of change
using it
interchangeably in this
module and i will discuss why that
is
in a bit. By the end of this module
we hope that
you will be able to explain to others
the importance of theory of change,
identify different ways for developing
causal pathways,
plan and design is successful pathway
for your program,
and in this module is also where you
would understand
yeah how we use imput activities
outputs, outcome, and impact statements as
well.
Don't forget if you have any comments,
questions, suggestion please feel free to
to put the comments inside your class -
inside the classroom which is this,
and we'll be happy to yeah give
feedback,
suggestions as well and we'll be able to
discuss
that's where we can have a two-way kind
of communication.
Let's dive into the things um in
the next few
uh minutes in this video i will discuss
what causal
pathways and also try to look at how
we identify
program, goal and impact statements or
or what we call the outcome statements
then we will define
imput activities, we would also be
able to look at defining our outputs
which is same as the objective statement
especially in the context of Civil
Society Organizations [CSOs]
Then we'll look at the component
what's even included in a theory of
change of what we call Causal
pathways,
then we'll look at several examples
as well and we can try and construct
a theory of change or what we call a
causal pathway
for a program as well.
Let's dive into things.
So it is important to state that yes
many times you could- some people call it
the logical framework,
intervention logic, outcome hierarchy,
result chains, theories of change
program theory, i mean this is a cloud of
different ways in
which
people refer to as theory of... referred
to theory of change
anyways, but think about it as a
like a said in module one it is you just
thinking about
how and why and under which
circumstances your
your project or your program moves
from
activities to the change that you
expect
so uh which is the outcome right?
A theory of how and why and under which
circumstances these operate.
Carol Weiss in 1995
was the person that started yeah
i mean had this as a starting
conversation on what change can really
mean
like people can have theories and also
that yeah i mean
you can look at that as just trying to
articulate between your
activities
and your outcomes. So,
it's a pathway that you can
think about
for your activities
to outcome but before then let's
think about
what's uh what's included in starting a
project or a program
this you would have done in
the project management course or
project management cycle but we can just
briefly
quickly go through it. You know most
projects and programs start with
defining problems right and in
defining problems you
have
the problem what we call the
'main problem' itself
which could be yes rape cases are
increasing,
women are getting trafficked, children
cannot read and write properly,
women are not getting speedy access to
justice,
there are corrupt practices are
increasing
during procurement practices
these are problem but you can think
these are main problems and
then you now think about the root cause
of of it
so there's always a root cause to it and
and in that you ask why
so 'why is rape increasing'? why
is
corruption increasing during procurement?
why are children not learning how to
read and write
effectively? you keep asking yourself
why why why and this constitutes
all the root cause of the
problem
itself. Then the problem also has its
consequence as well and we can quickly
take a look at
what i mean by by this. But before
then
it will be important to think about the
problem you're
tackling currently. So if it's rape
for example... rape cases are
increasing right
um you have an objective to that like
you need to reduce
rape cases that are happening in
maybe Lagos state or Kano state
so that might
look like an objective
and also the main problem
itself
so let's take a look at...
Welcome
to our jamboard
which we'll be using to [yeah i mean] do a
little bit of things.
So i can quickly use a sticky note
and say that
yes rape cases are
increasing that's a problem.
Just using this as as an example
right
and trying to form uh a problem tree and
this is how we
try to look at problems
um as it were.
So why are rape cases
increasing right, okay maybe
let's take a look at it... no law to
protect
[um i mean] people from the legal
perspective... oh no law to protect
rape victims right
and i can put this in
green and
that's when... what other things um
people from the social sciences might
say oh
parents do not
not talk about
abuses
with girl child.
Some people might say...
the boy
child as well so i mean uh what other
things
yes...
social abuse
not taught
in schools
what other one?
no law to shame abusers
also
to shame or prosecute
abusers so,
i mean rapists that's what i mean.
Could also be that
yeah i mean you you could think about so
many root causes of
of this... a woman
seen
as
weaklings in a way, i mean
just think about different ways i mean
different people have
different perspective and they will tell
you that...
so this is just just one way and i
put them
here
all this are what you might refer to
as so i mean think about it
so this is where you have
save that if you do not know how to use
the jamboard i mean
we would have told you how to do this then
i label this... let me come here
use the text box
and put it as root cause.
So this is like a tree,
so it's it's like a tree
and which has a root cause then
you also have... let me duplicate it
this is where you have the main problem
and you have just on top of...
so you have the roots, you have the
trunk, and you have the branches
on the top, so what are the
consequences
of rape cases
increasing? We'll go to our sticky note
again
and use another colour let's use the
orange colour
let's use the orange color
then we think about yes i mean what
yeah maybe in some places you have
reduced
girl-child in school,
i mean where you have increasing rate of
rape cases
then you can yeah negative
attitudes towards
women or the girl-child whichever one.
I mean this is always done with
a group of
people, so i mean if you're using the
participatory approach it means that you
need all your stakeholders to discuss
this
right so... limited sources
amongst
girl-child right because
that's what rape does uh
for you for people when you have
rape... think about in some places in
India where you have lots of uh
rape cases. Talk about vulnerability
as well as a consequence of
increase in rape cases.
Also poor performance,
reduced confidence
or limited confidence
and i'm sure you can think about
increased crime because
that's that's also what it means there's
so many consequences you can
think about at that point so i'm
going to put this so these are like
our...
so these are the consequences of
this problem persisting.
Duplicate this and
so we have consequences
let me see i can if you
take that yeah i mean
so this is like, this is how you
put together a
problem tree and and from here are your
project objectives yeah your objective
might be to reduce
rape cases right, this might be
your goal
which is a general statement, reduce
cases of rape
all around the world or in Nigeria
for example.
So you can think about it also think
about several other problems; women
not getting access to speedy justice
then think about the root causes why
are they not getting
access to speedy justice;
the magistrates uh
we have few magistrates there's no
motivation in the court system
the police which is the gateway
are not well equipped or trained
on the laws that gives women access to
speedy justice
and you can think about the
consequences for
women not getting access to justice.
Could be some of these as well
i mean they become vulnerable,
there's limited confidence because they
know they won't get
quick justice i mean the society looks
down on them
and and also that he can result into
more
rape cases because they know [i mean] so
that's like
interconnected in a way.
If you have a problem which is here
corruption...
increase in corruption; corrupt practices
during
procurement. What is causing that?
why is that happening?
yeah uh
the procurement law has not been
implemented well?
why is it not being implemented? or uh
the law is not distributed all around
uh to the Ministries, Department and
Agencies [MDAs]
The society do not talk about
corrupt practices  when
small children are young
they are not taught in school...
different perspective then
what does that mean in terms of
consequence.
Revenue loss to the
government
that is what it means.
country outlook on tackling
corruption
is reduced. So you think about so many
cons
and this is what you can term as/how
to put together a problem
tree or problem statement for your
programme.
You should have done this in your
Project Management so let let us move
forward.
Then you think about the goal, so what's
the project's goal?
If we look at this remember
i said from here you can actually coin
your goal and also the objectives.
Reduction in
rape cases by 2020 by 2022
a two-year programme, then you can now
think of
objectives which also answer the
question
how do you now reduce rape cases by 2020
becomes your objectives?
Increasing sensitization and
awareness
amongst women
and
increasing sensitization amongst youths
that are male
because it's
mostly common anyways it's not like
like the male child is not also being
raped but
not necessarily common. So
you could think about goal as
general long time which you might not
your projects
will not necessarily be able
to address so uh
providing access to water for every
person
in a particular location or country.
I mean your own project a civil society
organization [CSO] might not be able to make
that, it will only contribute
to it. So reducing poverty in Kano by
2015 or Lagos or
think about it... those are long term
goals which your project might not
necessarily be able to
achieve and it's related always to
'impact statements' right 
So impact statement is a change in the
whole society
and it is related to the goals, i
mean
poverty reduction, speedy justice, human
rights
violators, quality education for all,
access to free health care for
all, think about those goals and i do say
think about it as something related to
the sustainable development goals [SDGs]
or so all those goals are what we refer
to as
'goal statements' and they are
related. It is from there you take your
impact statement as well.
So objectives like i said objectives...
'Project objectives' will allow you to
address how
you would achieve your goal statement so
we're going to reduce poverty in Kano
by 2015
how are we going to do that? you now have
your project objectives... might be one,
two, three, four and this is
an example... Yes, we will increase the
income, increase the income levels of
women entrepreneurs
in in Kano state
by five percent before 2030.
So it is smart, it's talking
about income levels,
it is measurable, yes five percent
within your program, it is
achievable because it has
yeah i mean you already know i just want
to increase...
which means i'll have a baseline and
i'm going to have an
endline, it is realistic,
so in terms of percentage, so think about
it every time
in your project, so
not to put 20 for example there
and that becomes a problem, when
you say 20
increase or 50 percent or a hundred
percent
never think about that. So be
conservative as much as possible
and i always advise one two percent
increase i mean that's a change on its
own
in your program and you can learn
about many things uh
from it. Also makes it
realistic as well. Women entrepreneurs,
so your target audience - you already know
them.
That makes it... and then it's timely...
we're saying in 2030 oh think about the
time your program
has or your project has for it to
reach it
or your organization. So that is what
programme;
project objectives is all about.
Remember in Module one, you have done
your program - you've identified programme,
you've identified goals, and you've identified
the objectives and
we're responding to
that and then that means that yes we're
learning how to
also put together our objectives and
also write our goals
as well. So,
project objectives- you can think
about
a whole lot of it in a program or
in a project as well.
Then think about the 'outcome statements'
these are all
so what we're talking about is what is
included in your 'theory of change'
impact is one
outcome is another, which is what
beneficiaries achieve as a result of
services provided to them.
So this is the real change,
this is the real change that we're
talking about that might have
happened based
on the project or the program that you
have delivered
to those communities or to those group
of people
as well. So
this change is measured within
your beneficiaries. So let's go to this...
rape cases are increasing, assuming in
your program, i mean you have different
groups
and you're focused on two local
governments for example,
so you have sensitization workshops that
are targeted
at youth that are male and youths that
are female
for example, and
you design manual,
you design sensitization manual, you've
designed your
information education communication
materials, and also trainings as well for
male and women: you think
about your outcome as oh
okay
when um the male for example
when they now see women as
someone who is also within
their own scope, within the same level
at the same level as well,
so you look at this root cause; women are
seen as weaklings,
you might decide to pick this as...
yeah i want to make sure that this
male youths now see women
as someone that they
develop together with, as
partners and not as weaklings as well.
So you might think about that as an
outcome
so when this when their behavior changes
to women and so the outcome stage
is always about the behaviour change,
the perception change, the change that
you see.
So think about yes children are now
influential protectors amongst peers,
or male are now influential protectors
to
women, police now recognizing suspect
rights to
witness to statement documentation.
For example, increasing women
access to justice and you'll find out that
there's a problem that police do not
necessarily recognize,
they do not always recognize women
rights to a witness,
but i mean when your program started
you want to be able to cause that change
in which police will now recognize
women's rights to witness. 
So outcome statement is
about the change that you want to see in
your beneficiaries.
Another example would be
if your program focuses on
improving livelihoods amongst young
women
that are sexually abused or exploited or
trafficked,
think about oh
if you have women in your
group - as your beneficiary groups and
you have been able to provide
funding to them,
you have been able to provide
therapy sessions with them you have been
able
to do some trainings with them on how
they can
improve their livelihoods... an outcome
statement will be when
they now have increased
livelihood; when they can now live on
their own, when they can now
be able to - for example, be able to speak
about
people on trafficking at the bad side
of
trafficking and all to other people or
to other family members.
So you can think about that as as the
outcome. It is
always the the change that you see in
your beneficiaries that are now
carried on in your program um as well.
Outputs... immediate result from
your activities
and it is within your management
control because
all what you do
as an activity
would now be able
during the output result chain will be
something that you can
quickly be able
to term or deduce as a change or
what you have carried out in
your projects, in your project so
you think about it in terms of the
communities you have reached,
uh the community health workers that has
been trained,
women that has learnt
how to now hold their leaders accountable,
schools that have now learned how to
be able to admit children with
disabilities,
callers to your radio program,
provision of the services that you have
rendered in homes...
output statements are all about
those immediate changes that
you can quickly
see in terms of reach, in terms of
learnings that have
changed and all.
So that's what output is. 
Activities are your work plans
in order to achieve this output, so
think about rallies, sensitization,
workshops,
seminars, community mobilizations,
townhall meetings, advocacy meetings
to government agencies, and all. So
these form all your activities
as well. Then you have the imput
and imput
are those things you design for your
programmes
like develop for your programs
in terms of IEC materials, teachers, human
resources that you've recruited for a
particular program,
the toolkits, the learning kits that
you've developed,
also the money that you've put in inside
a program,
all these are what we refer to as 
inputs.
So before i move further,
all the components of your Theory of
change
starts from...
...i will say your impact but
that's
at the larger scope- at a larger level.
So the change you want within the
society
you want poverty to reduce in the
society, you want everybody to have
access to water, you want everybody to
have access to free health care, you want
everybody
to have improved income,
you want the environment to
become sustainable, they are larger goals
larger statements...
you can put it in your Theory of Change
but normally for Civil Society
Organization [CSOs] is that from here
your outcome states what has changed in
the behaviour
of your beneficiaries, of those that
participated in your
programmes for example: your workshops, your
seminars,
those that received your IEC materials,
your toolkits, your posters
that's what is
an outcome - the changes in their own
lives.
Then we talk about the "Output" which
are immediate results,
you
remember your beneficiaries, they've
attended your workshop.
What have they learned?
what do they now have access to that
was not there before?
the toolkits, the
the provisions that you make for them
becomes the output
for your program. And this is mostly
important
for your project objectives because
in the context of civil
society work,
most times your projects are in one
year,
one and a half years, two years, and your
result stays within the
the scope of the output. Then you have
your activities
which you do as well; think about
so many activities that you do.
Then also the 'Impact' which are things that you as
the program implementer designs or construct
for your program
to be in place.
We've talked about this before when
you were looking at
problems and how to coin your statements.
So once you see that this is a
problem then think about how you will
coin
the outcome for that problem so "Married
women are abused by their husbands" might be
a problem so how do i my pro pro
my program um so how do i
coin the goal of it of my project? "More
women have access to reporting mechanism
of domestic abuse" so think about all
these
i will not go through this because we
have uh looked at it.
So let's take a look at the component of
TOC... of
a 'Theory of change". There are two
versions of it
so i will focus on this
because, you have your imput.
So the theory of change shows the
connection like we said...
the connection between your activities
and the 'Impact' that 
has occurred right. So
look at this as an activity
in some literature or text
this can be marked together, your
imput and your activities.
So imput could be funding, toolkits,
things that you've designed, activities, could
be sensitization workshops, training
rallies, petitions [etc.]
...that will now lead to
oh okay
women learning the more, having
to learn the more, women having access to
how to use the law,
farmers having access to seedlings,
so then
that leads to, your outcome.
So this box actually remains our
outcome box uh what i've done here is...
at times you can have short term and
long term outcomes, at times it could
just be one
um yeah i mean you could just leave it
as one outcome.
So
when farmers receive improved seedlings
then what happens? Here farmers
have increase in yield, in the
seedlings or
when farmers receive... when farmers have
learned
how to properly
plant their... for example cocoa seedling,
at this point it can lead to increase in
yield
in cocoa or in cocoa production
or in their cocoa harvest, and that leads
to what
improved livelihoods, or increased income
poverty alleviation at the impact
stage. Let's go back to
the example of rape cases
increasing,
now your imput: a toolkit or how women
can deal with rape cases.
An activity also another input
could be a book
or an handbook on how
youth should see women
in the context of abuse or violence.
You now come to activity: training
uh of women groups, male groups, young
people,
in school. Talk about sensitization,
radio programs, then what does that lead
to in terms of
output? [oh okay] increase in knowledge,
by the young male
child on how to relate with girls, on how
to relate with women,
women now have access to
the policy documents that you've
reduced and they know how to report
rape cases or intention
for rape as well. Then that leads to
an outcome, could be changing
behaviour of the male
young children within your program
also could lead to
increase in reporting
or the reportage of rape cases and what
does that lead to?
Strong justice system, peace and
justice system, reduced, violence reduced
crime
as it concerns rape as it is.
Also you can think about
a program that hopes to strengthen
dialogue mechanisms
or strengthen health budget advocacy
or increase budgets with health systems in
a particular state.
Your inputs could be
a manual on the current budget for
health systems
then you talk about training of
community-based organizations [CBOs].
Activity could also be
advocacy visits to
local government authorities if it's
focused on local governments
or governments, MDAs as we know them.
Then think about an 'Output', increased
knowledge about
health budgeting, the amount that is
available for health budgeting,
how community-based organization [CBOs] can
engage their local governments,
and what does that lead to possibly?
Increased participatory budgeting
between the local government
authority and the CBOs or the
communities as well.
And what does that lead to in terms
of impact?
Maybe free health to all.
So that's samples of 'theory of change'. And
think about 'Assumptions', so it also
includes assumptions which is why we say
yes
it takes a look at
the consequences in which your program
performed as well. So Assumptions
would then be that those
your root causes
that it is because the male
child do not... have not been taught in
school
how to relate with the girl-child that
is why we're having
increase in rape cases. You need to
put them here so that means that's why
you're providing that knowledge in
schools.
So, if it's the project that hopes to reduce
corruption
during public procurement, maybe
you think oh
perhaps because the
the procurement ACT is not available to
contractors or civil society
organizations
okay because that's an assumption
we'll put it here and because of that we
are designing
a simplified
public procurement ACT or
or that the ACT has
some provisions that are not relevant
anymore
that's our assumption, we now because of
that advocate for an amendment
as part of our activity or do rally,
sensitization for why the amendment is
needed.
Also think about risk as well, some
people put
risk and assumptions together as well
so this is what the theory
of change
actually looks like and don't forget
you could see the connection
between
each of your activities. So,
if this is supposed to be your
organization's
Theory of change at your Impact stage
this
normally looks at your vision, if related
to your vision it means that every
activity that you do
in your organization should
resolve to your Impact. So for example
an organization that wants a vision
where
women have speedy access to Justice
it means that all the imput, different
program activities,
must lead to that. But once you're
evaluating yourself and you find that
there's a program activity that is not
actually leading us to the vision then
you need to think about it and discuss
it with the team
in order for you to make decision. That's
what this can also do- 
this theory of change model can also do
for your organization. These are examples
of
theory of change as well that can be
developed so
you see 'Assumptions' in here this is the
theory of change of Accountability Lab,
so you can see uh
all what they have as inputs, capital,
financial resources,
information, then that will lead to outputs
and they have they have called their own
intermediate outcomes
which is increasing knowledge,
communities are now changing then it now
leads to active and
engaged citizens as impacts.
Their own impact is
more inclusive and accountable
societies
and they feel like this
is what it's supposed to look like as an
organization. This is what they think
their own theory
is that in terms of absorption, all
communities and voices are
equal and they have ability to
change
institutions and systems and 
their team, their own team lives by its
values
and because of that, they will have this
imput;
create relationships
make sure there's
human capital which is training
within their own organization and also
there's their resources
and they added preconditions also
and that leads to outputs in terms
of
campaigns,
collaborations,
training feedbacks, so
think about it, so here is their own
activities, and here they have the
immediate
results, and here the change in behaviour,
so there will be more coalitions among
organizations, there will be more
knowledge
and communities will start changing and
that will lead to
this long-term
outcome where citizens are now engaged.
So that's their own Theory of Change
There are other examples as well of
theory of change that you can look at.
This is for a program which you will do
also as your learning, so you can take a
look at
some of this - this is also an
organizational theory of change which
you could
also do as well and
this is your causal pathway...
so this makes it easier for you to be
able
so from here you can move to...
so from your causal pathway,
developing this
as a tabular format you can then move to
this! And that is what the learning task
that you have uh is all about. So using
the template provided in the classroom
you are supposed to construct your
causal pathway design
and then develop a theory of change for
your program.
So what does that mean?
First you design a table that looks like
this is a template
but it's already in the classroom
let me go to... so this is how you see your
classroom and your classwork
and you have module 2 learning task
let's look at the task view assignments...
so this is what the assignment is all
about
'pick one of your programs you have
identified'
so you have identified a program in
module one
pick it develop a causal pathway for it
using
this template. We are talking about this
template here
i just opened it, so this is a template
and the once you complete this
template
you can then develop
a pathway that's what it means... i mean
you can develop
your theory of change which has
different arrows
in it. Don't forget
it has to be your own program right
it has to be the program you're working
on
and is there something missing here
um which i'm not sure yes
so you have 'Results ID' and
Description.
Then you're supposed to put in
your 'Assumptions' just underneath here
that... so for example
let's look at a particular
program as... once you're done with this it
saves automatically, so just let me
state that at this moment
so let us think about a program that
hopes to
improve...
so let's go to our jamboard and put
this
in
give a text box
improve
the livelihoods
of
let's say improve the livelihoods
among
young women
that are sexually abused
that have been sexually abused,
exploited, and trafficked.
Let's assume we're working on this
So in terms of...
let's come back here and so you can
think about different activities
that you can do in order for
you to be able
to improve the livelihoods among young
women
right you can think about different
activities
that you can do but,
also to think about... we're
not going to discuss the problem or the
root cause here,
you can think about the assumptions
at first or the problems
or either of the two.
So maybe reduce knowledge
that women do not have
access to...
i call it winning knowledge anyways...
girl-child are not
taught in school [on]
how to become self-sustaining,
for example; i'm only going to be using
this
as an example right for us to improve
livelihoods among
women that are trafficked or
... you can
add role as well
so let's say
girl-child are
not informed about
dangers of trafficking.
I can also say that
let me insert one below
there are no legal
repercussions
for traffickers
I mean this might be all
our assumptions and you you see that
these assumptions also shows that
the problem
why... so the the the problem that we
discussed in our
so this root causes right uh because
they are the assumptions
so we now think about our activities and
imput
i will be putting our
activities and inputs together
so we will do training
for young women
in
let's say Lagos state
i'm just using Lagos State as an example
in fact our program might just focus on
one LGA or maybe three LGAs...
in three LGAs
is in Lagos state
develop
irregular migration
toolkit,
dangers of irregular migration toolkit
or manual, whichever one you call it
road sensitizations,
in the three LGAs. I mean
i would have thought that maybe it
is in these 3 LGAs that women
are mostly trafficked, abused,
sexually harassed...
So i mean you can continue to think
about
different ways; advocacy
meetings, to NAPTIP
that is the government agency that is
responsible for trafficking
because we also know there are
no legal repercussions, maybe there is no
no law, we can
say meetings
with legislative committees
in Lagos right that is to advocate for...
yes why there's a need
for the law
[let me insert one above here] and
so in a way i'm separating this and i
can make my
sheets become colourful
in some sense,
assumptions, activities
green then what are my outputs
i might just think about... put it here
before outputs
so women learn about
dangers
of irregular migration,
become aware
of
trafficking issues,
women become aware of
reporting mechanisms
when we assumed that...
so we have girl-child are not taught in
schools here,
you can also add an activity that
decides to
yeah i mean teach
through school clubs, let me add it here
set one above...
So organize school clubs
self sustaining
activities,
so girl child become
confident,
how to be self-sustained
right you can even see
more girl child
and don't forget all these uh those in
your program right
more women so
i think... we said this is in terms of
reach and all that... so let's also
think about
legislators.
You remember we see this is a quick
result...acknowledges
legislatures acknowledges - legislature
acknowledges need for
for law that protects
women.
And i mean
this is just being looking at an example
you can think about the
the VAP acts which Nigeria has.
so think about it in form of
So you have your outcomes
the
law protecting
women
trafficking.
So let's not lose sight of
improved livelihoods which is the
main objective, self-sustaining
because improved livelihoods means
having more
income, more women...
So this leads to
[let's add another one]
i mean these are all that you can
reduce all this for the scope of
of the work that you do
and that's why you have
'Results iD'.
Okay what i've done is actually put...
so in here [ctrl c]
so this is how you're supposed to report
this [ctrl v]
and remove all this from here
then we have this [ctrl c]
we have this in here
boom!!!
Let's take out all these, so your table is
becoming filled
already
this is just being hypothetical
but i know this program is being run
by an organization in Nigeria anyways, so,
this is what the task is all about
the learning task is all about
as you go up the ladder
this reduces right
so let's get this,
good so this is what we wanted
outcome stage, output stage
let me give it
another colour
and the 'impact stage' which is...
think about it that's...
this is just an example okay
so when
law is... there's a law protecting women
there are improved livelihoods for women,
reduced trafficking,
yeah i mean this can lead to... 
it depends on
what you're trying to think about.
Peace and justice
for women,
This is what you're supposed to do in
your task.
What you now need to do is now put... once
you're done with this
you can now i think there's a space for
let me insert one...
you're supposed to put your...
your
project objective
boom!!!
So let's go to our jamboard
and...
we can copy this, let's see
we just put it here
anyways, improved
livelihood
amongst women
or you can say young women, so which
means wherever you have women
sexually abused,
exploited or trafficked,
so what this means might be that our
target...
law protecting exploited women,
you can you can think about that but
also that it can be generally
women, but all this more exploited so
you need to think about this more
exploited or sexually abused women
so because it's targeted already,
so more exploited
women,
let's leave this is more girl-child
because
it is assumed that this is
one of the root
so this is
what
your causal
pathway
looks like. One thing you can do is give
each one of them
an iD
a) 1.1
or you say.. you can actually say
a) 1.0
let me just do this a) 1.0
and i'll tell you why
this is a)
2.0
let's see if it would drag down
and now what can we do
okay we can do this...
so when it comes here i
take this as
'output' right
"OT".
So think about which of these leads to
legislature acknowledges so that's
meeting with
legislatives and
these two
so you need to think about which one
leads to which one,
and the way you can... so that's why i need
to
let me separate this very well
a) 2.0
a) 3.0
a) 3 a)
4.0
a) 5.0
you can so...
a) 5.1
so you can label this as "OT"
1.0 OT
1 point 2.0
as well and and all that so but but i
mean
that's just for labeling sake of these...
but you can see that this does not show
a connection
which
your theory of change can then now
do for you by just
putting in your statements,
activities, meeting with legislative
committees.
For example, and i'm just going to use
this as an example
save that...
advocacy meetings to NAPTIP
...this is part of my
so the second question i'm just trying
to
answer the second question and i will
use
this as an example. So
what does this lead to in terms of...
so let me use
before i come there let me just go to my...
output: legislature acknowledges need
for law that protects women.
I put it
let me use another, so
need for woman... need for law
that protects
women... save!
I'm just using this as an example
then we have
law protecting women at the outcome
stage.
Let me use blue
so
and so at this stage
this stage let me come here
'Peace and Justice for all women'.
Yours might be long because you need
lots of activities.
Let's see how creative you can be
and let's use
orange... have i used orange before?
choose yellow
[typing]
exploited women
save!
So this comes
here and
so this is what you're supposed to do
as part of...
so these are your activities,
let's duplicate
and
you have your output
then we can duplicate this as well
and you have your 'outcome'
then you have your 'impact'
so this just show one part of...
you would need to continue
then i suggest you have your
let's see let's see, remaining your
... closer here
so that you can have your assumptions
duplicate
and have your assumptions
we will be looking at for
the most creative organization
in terms of putting their
theory of change for the program
together.
Let's put...
don't forget if you have any comments
suggestions put it
in the comment box of the classroom.
So we have the assumption, so you can
then put
all the assumptions that we have here
on this line.
So for example use the sticky notes,
no legal repercussions
for traffickers,
exploiters,
or abusers,
so i save!
I've just used one, don't forget we
have a long list in our
you can see it here right you need to
fill this.
And don't forget you since you you need
to
fill this with your team right and your
other colleague
from your team and your team members.
So what i can do with this
is i mean if you're creative enough you
can
use your pen or there's an arrow button
in here that you can use.
So let's do this!
This leads to this,
i duplicate
i can rotate
i mean also feel free to use any tool
that you feel you're comfortable with
to do this. So you can see,
so with this you can show the connection.
So i've just used
as an example, yours will have...
so i mean all the activities that you
have
in here should be... but i
just encourage us i would just advise
you stick to
four activities that now... because
this is just for training purposes
so and you can now show the linkages
using your your jamboard. So
yeah so this is um don't
yeah i mean you can try this out. So this
is your second
question that you've answered don't
forget there are two questions;
develop a causal pathway, that
you can do by clicking on this sheet
which is a template
and that is what you have in here
already.
The second question is to now
develop the mind map which is the theory
of change showing the connections
that has been done
in here. You can then what you can do
because i've used the jamboard anyways.
let's see what i can
do with this is to save it as...
let me see i should be able to
yeah so on this just button
i could have my pdf
uh document so i can download it
as a pdf and once i do that
um yeah i mean if you use
if you're going to use a jamboard you
can use word
as well to do this once you do that and
download as pdf
you can just add it here and submit
yes once you click on. So
let me just try and do this
'download as pdf'
So it downloads automatically
in here it's there already
you can come to here, don't forget the
first question automatically saves
so this is already saved.
I can add what i just did
as a file
see
it should be... so this is it
"EU training jamboard"
and i'm already uploading it
then it uploads
once you're done so once you're done you
just click on TURN IN, so you've just turned
it in
and it means you've submitted your
assignment, the 2, because this is already
saved
automatically, it is already here
then i can TURN IN.
so it's telling me... i have this to
turn in your work, and don't forget
uh Sunday is the day you're supposed to
turn this in by 11 59 p.m so
i turn it in if you tell me
yes so it's submitted already you can
see on submit.
So that's what the task is all about,
creating your causal
pathway here and also
your
Theory of Change in this manner,
that's a sample and an abridged format so
we expect you to
to be able to do that as the learning
task in here. Some references about
Theory of Change - Causal Pathway please,
feel free to use and some useful websites
as well.
I hope this has been so useful for us
and don't forget if you have questions,
comments
please feel free to post it inside
your class
room. So let's go back
to our slide.
So you've understood what theory of
change is
what it is used for the the way we use
imput activities, output, outcomes, and
impacts
and also you have been able to design
and develop your causal pathway and your
"Theory of Change".
We hope this is useful to you and
and please feel free do not forget to
make comment, ask questions about this.
we'll see you in module 3 but for now all
the best in your learning tasks
and further conversations... my name is
OLUDOTUN BABAYEMI
