Hi, everyone
Xinjiang for most of us
It's a mysterious place that is both familiar and strange
There are endless grasslands, mountains and rivers in Xinjiang
And of course there are over 20,000 mosques
A lot of people think subconsciously
Xinjiang minority ethnic group, mainly ethnic Uighurs
Islam has been a religion since ancient times
But it's actually not accurate
You know what
The land of Xinjiang was once a land of Buddhist pilgrimage
And that's why today
The vast majority of ethnic minorities in Xinjiang are Muslims
So we'll talk about that today
How does Xinjiang go one step, one step islamically
Ok, so let me give you a little bit of science
History of two religions:
Buddhism developed in the 6th century BC in ancient India
Its founder was Gautama Siddhartha (565-485)
The Buddhist world is usually referred to as shakyamuni or Buddha
It was introduced into China around the 1st century BC during the Han Dynasty
Islam, compared with Buddhism, was born in the Arabian Peninsula
more than 1,000 years later in the early 7th century A.D
It was created by the prophet Mohammed, the prophet of Islam
And that period was just the sui and Tang period in Chinese history
The other thing to do with science is the geography of Xinjiang:
For those of you who don't have a lot of insight into Xinjiang, it's natural to think that
Xinjiang is the largest administrative block in the country
It's the westernmost autonomous region of China
But it's actually due to natural conditions and historical changes
Xinjiang is divided into north and south Xinjiang by the east-west mountain
The north is the pasture, the nomadic civilization
Southern Xinjiang is desert and oasis, agricultural civilization
And the tianshan mountains in the northwest and southeast
So Xinjiang is divided into two things
Yili in the west and turpan hami in the east
Okay, so that's the history and the geography
And it's going to be very helpful for the introduction
Xinjiang is a place called western region in ancient China
This is a term that goes on until after the Qing Dynasty unified the western region
It's called Xinjiang
What about the western domain, which is very easy to think about
It's the story of Zhang Qian's western region.
That's right
This is also the first time that China has had a formal relationship with Xinjiang
Only two years after the reign of emperor wudi of the Han dynasty
Zhang Qian was sent on behalf of the Chinese authorities
The first time I stepped into this mysterious land in the western region
Although the purpose of this mission is to unite "Greater Yuezhi" to strike the Huns
However, it unexpectedly opened a door 
for Chinese civilization to spread to the West through the Silk Road
Of great historical significance
So the sima Qian also called Zhang Qian's act
"Chiseling" 
At this time, the "36 countries of the Western Regions" located in the territory of present-day Xinjiang
came into view of the Han people located in the China
These 36 countries were finally formed by the wars and annexations of more than
50 countries that were previously active in the region
And that includes what we are relatively familiar with
It was also made into a TV show called "Candle in the tomb"
and "Loulan" discovered by Swedish explorer Sven Hedin later
Then in the period of Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty, i.e. 60 B.C
he Han Dynasty Established the Western Regions Duhufu in the Western Regions
Formally exercise effective jurisdiction over the unified Western Regions
And set up officials, garrison, implement government decrees
And its office is located in Luntai County, Xinjiang today
It can be seen that China's effective control over the Western Regions 
began 600 years before the birth of Mohammed,
the founder of Islam
Later, in the Three Kingdoms period, the "Cao Wei" regime inherited the Han system
In the Western Regions, there will be a "Chang shi" government in the Western Regions and a captain of "Wuji"
In the period of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms
Zhang Jun of the former Liang regime once again sent troops to the Western Regions
 to occupy Gaochang region, which is turpan
West side states have their own
And then the northern Wei dynasty
We will set up good towns and yanqi towns to strengthen the governance of the western regions.
But during this period of time there was a lot of conflict in the central plain, dynastic change
So the control of the western domain is intermittent
This is the case until the arrival of the sui and Tang dynasties
Come to an end
In 640, emperor taizong of the Tang Dynasty
Regain control of the western domain
Then, in 702, Wu Zetian set up Beiting Duhufu in Tingzhou to take charge of Xinjiang with Anxi Duhufu
to take charge of Xinjiang with Anxi Duhufu
Ever since
It also opened the Tang Dynasty for more than 100 years of effective control of the western region
Okay, so let's look at that
The religion of the western region during this period
I've already talked about the Han dynasty in the 1st century BCE
Buddhism spread from Kashmir to the western region of
And then it spread along the Silk Road
East to China, and to Japan via the Korean Peninsula
The oasis cities around the tarim basin were converted to Buddhism
Soon after that, Buddhism spread across the tianshan mountains and into northern Xinjiang
And this is 700 years before the creation of Islam
The Khotan that was founded in the early days of the western Han dynasty
It's located in the southern part of the world today
The most important thing is that it is a thousand-year-old Buddhist country
Therefore, today's most Islamized southern Xinjiang
actually believed in Buddhism at the earliest
What is even more amazing is that the king of Khotan has a compound surname of "Yu Chi" 
One of them moved eastward to Shanxi of central China in the Western Jin Dynasty
After that, it gradually became Xianbei and Han of China
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there was a big man
It was YuChi jingde, the founding general of the Tang Dynasty and the hero of "Ling Yange"
And he was also dubbed one of the "Door Gods" among the Chinese people
And the ancestor of this god was
Khotan, which is located in southern Xinjiang
And over the next 1000 years or so
Buddhism in the western countries
All kinds of Buddha cave temples are located in the north and south of tianshan mountain
Numerous fine Buddhist murals and statues of Buddha are from the western region
From here, there are numerous high priests
including many translators like Kumarajiva
This person is one of the archetypes of the fictional "Jiu Mozhi" in Jin Yong's demi-gods and semi-devils 
Ok, so much, Xinjiang is a Buddhist shrine
How is it Islamic? let's move on to
Islam was founded around 610 ad
It happened to be the end of the sui dynasty in China
China's first formal contact with the Islamic world 
took place in 651 A.D
The first Arab envoy sent by Mohammed's third caliph 
arrived in Chang'an 
to appear before Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty
Great changes also took place in Western Asia
The Islamic Arab Empire united 
the Arab, Persian (Iran)
Egyptian and Pakistani (Sindh) regions
The Umayyad Dynasty, the powerful first Arab empire, 
was successively established (661-750)
Second Arab Empire: Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) 
Alibaba, founded by Jack Ma
and Aladdin which was just released earlier
both belong to《tales from the thousand and one nights》
It is said that most of the stories
The Arab empire that has been written since the umaya-caliphs
With the establishment of the second reich in 750 ad
The powerful Abbasid dynasty continued to expand eastward
and met the Datang Empire, which was in its heyday at that time
That's very famous
This is the very famous battle of Talas between Tang and Arab Empire (Abbasid)
which many history fans and army fans are very fond of talking about
This war was also the first encounter between Chinese civilization and Islamic civilization
The battle took place in 751 ad, ten years in the Tang xuanzong tianbao.
The Tang Dynasty and the Abbasid Dynasty launched a war in Central Asia
Talas, today in Kazakhstan
Talas was not the capital of Anxi Duhufu in the Tang Dynasty
nor was it occupied and Islamized by the Arab Empire
It should be said that it was a place where neither the eastern nor the western civilizations had reached
At that time, the national strength of the two countries was comparable
The Abbasids: 12.6 million square kilometers, population 40 million
Tang Dynasty: area 12.37 million square kilometers, population 80.5 million
And the comparison of forces
Tang Dynasty: 20000 Han troops and 50000 affiliated troops under the Anxi Duhufu
led by Gao Xianzhi, general of Koguryo, with a total of 70000 troops
Abbasid Dynasty: 40,000 Arab troops and 60,000 affiliated troops, totaling more than 100,000
At the beginning of the war, it was stuck
Until Karluks, a subordinate of Tang Dynasty, rebelled against Tang Dynasty and finally lost
and then returned to Anxi Duhufu
Although the war was defeated in the Tang Dynasty, the impact was very small
The loss of troops was nothing to the Tang Dynasty in its heyday
Not a big deal for the great Tang Dynasty
And the influence of the Tang Dynasty on western control was minimal
Although the Tang Dynasty stopped its westward expansion, 
it still firmly controlled the Western Regions
And the Arab armies did not continue to expand
and then sent envoys to make peace with the Tang Dynasty
But the deadliest is the Anshi rebellion four years later
The elite troops of Anxi Duhufu returned to the Central China
which made the control of the Tang empire over the western regions weak
And then
In 760, the hexi corridor was blocked by Tibet
and the western regions were separated from the mainland
In 790 A.D., Tibet and Karluks, conquered Beiting, 
and Beiting Duhufu fell
In 808 A.D.the Anxi Duhufu which lasted for nearly 170 years 
and was isolated beyond the China finally fell
Since then, Tang which had fought with the Arab for control of Central Asia 
has withdrawn from the struggle
Since then, no Tang Dynasty army has been able to reach "Cong ling" (Pamirs Plateau)
After the Central Plains Dynasty withdrew from the western regions
it also gave Islam the chance to take over Xinjiang
So after that, who controls the western domain?
That's right, that's what we've talked about before
Living in the Mongolia Plateau
There was a very close relationship with the Tang Dynasty
The ancestors of the Uighurs: "Huihu"
For more information on this video
A branch of Uighur moved west to Xinjiang
A strong dynasty was built
And the first stage of Xinjiang is islamization
Officially from this dynasty
And we'll talk about that in the next video
Okay, so we're going to end this video
I'll see you in the next video
