from the last some decades
the new Research and discoveries as well as calculations suggested the existence
of some different types of subatomic particles apart from the basic neutrons protons and electrons
hello guys this is Aron
 
we time & space
according to the standard model of particle physics
when our universe was born the meeting of matter and antimatter should have annihilated each other
That means that nothing no earth no sun no Galaxies no humans would exist
but we do
There's a clear contradiction with the standard model
why this universe is filled with matter and very very little antimatter
there are three fundamental forces of particle physics explaining
forces in the universe the electromagnetism ,the week force and the strong force
Electromagnetism is the force between any particles that have charge
the weak force causes neutrons to break down and the strong force
explain why subatomic particles such as neutrons and protons held together
But some drawbacks of standard model are
the first one being imbalance between matter and antimatter
it also does not explain the existence of dark matter
nor does it explain an observed property of neutrons
So to solve the neutron problem physicists in 1977 proposed the hypothetical particle called the axion
five years later the axion was found capable of solving the problem of dark matter as well
now Co and co-author keisukek harigaya a researcher at the institute for advanced study
are suggesting that the axion may explain yet another problem the imbalance between matter and antimatter
The hypothetical particle axion is infinitesimally light at least billions of times lighter than
the proton and almost no interactions with normal matter
this has been the reason why it has not been detected yet even by those instruments
which can detect electrons neutrons and protons .
As you have studied that
the electrons have negative charge Protons have positive charge and neutrons have no charge
however neutrons are made up of more elementary particles called quarks which possess charges
so physicist expect neutrons to interact with electric field but they don’t
So if axions really exist it would turn off the interaction between neutrons and electric field
solving the strong CP (charge conjugation and parity) problem
Axions may also be a good candidate for dark matter which is used to explain the rotational speed of galaxies
according to calculations there isn’t enough gravity to hold them together so there must be huge amount of matter
like large field of axions which we cannot see that explains Galaxies rotational speed
Co & Harigaya suggest that the interactions provided by the strong force and the weak force the rotation of the axion
creates just tiny bit more matter than the antimatter and when matter and antimatter come together instead of annihilating completely
1 in 10 billions part of Matter was left to form the world we see today
harigaya said further the axion was first proposed by theoretical particle physicist
People always want to know why we are here and That’s the matter antimatter asymmetry
axions are simultaneously explaining to all three problems in particle physics
dark matter, matter antimatter and the strong CP problems
since these problems haven’t been studied simultaneously in this axion Framework
much work to be done ahead of it.
