
Korean: 
우리는 지금까지
사람이 볼 수 있는 파동인
자연에서의 수면파나 음파
혹은 줄을 따라 이동하는
매질을 통한 움직임을 보아왔습니다
또 당연한 추론에 의거하여
빛이 파동의 성질을 띄고 있기 때문에
빛 역시 어떤 매질을 통해 이동하는
움직임이라고 볼 수 있었습니다
그 매질을 확인하기가 쉽지는 않더라도 말이죠
하지만 사람들은 빛이 통과하는
어떤 매질이 있을것이라고 짐작하였습니다
이를 루미니페로스 에테르라고 했죠
19세기의 대부분의 물리학은
이 에테르의 존재를 밝히기 위해
또 에테르와 상대적 속도의 관련성을 증명하기 위하여
노력하고 있었습니다
우리는 왜 상대속도가 존재함을
확신할 수 있는걸까요?
아니 왜 그들은 확신할 수 있었을까요?
우리는 지난 강의 때 이에 대해 얘기했었죠

Bulgarian: 
Дотук в няколко видеа
видяхме,
че повечето от вълните,
които хората са наблюдавали в природата –
вълни във вода,
звукови вълни
или просто вълни,
движещи се по въже –
бяха периодични промени, движещи се
в някаква среда.
Когато светлината прояви
или има вълноподобни свойства,
много естествено
предположение е,
че светлината също трябва
да е периодична промяна,
движеща се в
някакъв вид среда,
дори ако тази среда
не е толкова лесна за засичане.
Но хората предположили,
че има някакъв вид среда,
през която се движи
светлинната периодична промяна.
Те я нарекли
светоносен етер.
Много от физиците
през 19-век
опитвали да докажат,
че светоносният етер съществува
и да открият каква е нашата
сравнителна скорост
спрямо този
светоносен етер.
И защо сме уверени,
или защо те
били уверени,
че има
сравнителна скорост?
Говорихме за това
в последното видео.

Thai: 
เราเห็นมาหลายวิดีโอแล้วว่า
คลื่นส่วนใหญ่ที่มนุษย์เจอ
ในธรรมชาติ -- คลื่นในน้ำ คลื่นเสียง
หรือแม้แต่คลื่นตามเส้นเชือก --
มันคือการรบกวนที่เดินทางผ่านตัวกลาง
แล้วเมื่อแสงแสดงหรือมีสมบัติเหมือนคลื่น
สมมติฐานที่ธรรมชาติมาก
คือว่า แสงต้องเป็นการรบกวน
ที่เดินทางผ่านตัวกลางสักอย่าง
ถึงแม้ว่าตัวกลางนั้นจะตรวจจับได้ไม่ง่ายนัก
แต่เขาสมมุติว่า มันมีตัวกลาง
ที่แสงเป็นการรบกวนผ่านมันไป
เขาเรียกมันว่า ลูมินิเฟอรัส อีเธอร์
และฟิสิกส์ในคริสตรวรรษที่ 19
เป็นเรื่องของการพิสูจน์ว่า
ลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์มีจริง
และหาว่าความเร็วสัมพัทธ์ของเราเป็น
เท่าใดเทียบกับลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์นั้น
และทำไมเราถึงมั่นใจ
หรือทำไมเขาถึงมั่นใจ
ว่ามันมีความเร็วสัมพัทธ์?
เราได้พูดถึงไปในวิดีโอที่แล้ว

English: 
- [Voiceover] We've seen
in several videos so far
that most of the waves that
humans have encountered
in nature--waves in
the water, sound waves,
or just waves traveling along a rope--
they were disturbances
traveling through a medium.
And so when light displays
or has wave-like properties
a very natural assumption
was, well, light must
also be a disturbance
traveling through some type of a medium
even if that medium
wasn't so easy to detect.
But they conjectured that
there is some type of medium
that light is disturbance
traveling through.
They called it the luminiferous ether.
And much of physics in the 19th century
was all around proving that
the luminiferous ether existed
and also figuring out what
our relative velocity was
in regards to that luminiferous ether.
And why do we feel confident,
or why did they feel confident,
that there was a relative velocity?
Well, we talked about
that in the last video.

Bulgarian: 
Земята се върти
и обикаля около Слънцето
с голяма скорост,
а после цялата Слънчева система
обикаля в орбита
около центъра на Галактиката
с голяма скорост.
И самата галактика
може би се движи.
Тоест ако имаш някаква абсолютна
отправна система,
която е определена
от етера,
ние ще се движим
спрямо нея.
И ако се движим
спрямо нея,
може би просто измерваш
скоростта на светлината
в различни посоки
и гледаш дали скоростта на светлината
е по-бърза или по-бавна
в определена посока,
а това може да ти помогне
да определиш –
първо, да докажеш,
че етерът съществува –
но също да ни покаже
каква е скоростта ни спрямо етера,
спрямо тази абсолютна
отправна система.
Но проблемът през
19-ти век бил,
че нямало точен начин
реално да се измери –
или достатъчно точен начин
за измерване –
на скоростта на светлината,
при който може да се засече
сравнителната разлика поради
движението на светлината към или срещу,
или към или надалеч,

Thai: 
โลกกำลังหมุน แล้วมันหมุนไป
มันโคจรรอบดวงอาทิตย์เป็นวง
แล้วระบบสุริยะทั้งหมดก็กำลังโคจร
รอบจุดศูนย์กลางของกาแล็กซี่เป็นวง
กาแล็กซี่เองก็กำลังเคลื่อนที่
ถ้าคุณมีกรอบอ้างอิงสัมบูรณ์
ที่กำหนดโดยอีเธอร์
เราจะเคลื่อนที่สัมพัทธ์กับมัน
และถ้าเราเคลื่อนที่เทียบกับมัน
บางที คุณวัดอัตราเร็วแสง
ในทิศต่างๆ แล้วดูว่าอัตราเร็วของแสง
เร็วขึ้นหรือช้าลงในทิศหนึ่ง
แล้วมันอาจช่วยให้คุณหา --
หนึ่ง ทดสอบว่าอีเธอร์มีจริง --
และยังคิดว่าความเร็วของเราเป็นเท่าใด
เทียบกับอีเธอร์
เทียบกับกรอบอ้างอิงสัมบูรณ์
แต่ปัญหาในคริสตศตวรรษที่ 19
คือว่าเราไม่มีวิธีวัดอย่างละเอียด
จริงๆ -- วิธีที่วัดได้แม่นพอ
-- วัดค่าอัตราเร็วแสงที่เราวัดได้
ผลต่างเปรียบเทียบเนื่องจจากแสงเดินทาง
ทิศเดียวหรือต้าน เข้าไปหรือออกมา

English: 
The earth is spinning and
then it's spinning around,
it's orbiting around,
the sun at a nice clip
and then the whole
solar system is orbiting
around the center of the
galaxy at a nice clip.
The galaxy itself might be moving,
so if you have some
absolute frame of reference
that's defined by the ether,
well we are going to be
moving relative to it.
And if we're moving relative to it
well maybe you just
measure the speed of light
in different directions and
see whether the speed of light
is faster or slower in a certain direction
and then that might help you identify--
well, one, validate
that the ether exists--
but also think about what our velocity is
relative to the ether,
relative to that absolute
frame of reference.
But the problem in the 19th century
is that we didn't have any precise way
of actually measuring--or
a precise enough way
of measuring--the speed of
light where we could detect
the relative difference
due to the light going
for or against, or into or away from,

Korean: 
지구는 태양을 중심으로 항상
공전을 하고 있고
또 모든 태양계가
은하중심을 중심으로 회전하고 있죠
은하 자체가 움직이기도 하기때문에
만약 에테르에 대한 확실한 증거를
가지고 있다면
우리는 이에 대해 상대적으로 움직이고 있는겁니다
그리고 이러한 상대적인 움직임이 있다면
우리는 각각의 방향에 대하여
빛의 속도를 측정할 수 있습니다
또 이러한 방향에 대하여
어떤 특정한 방향에서 빠르고 느린지 알수 있고
이는 에테르가 있다는 것을
입증하는데에 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라
우리가 에테르에 대하여 어떤 속도를 가지고 있는지
또 절대적인 관점에서
어떤 속도를 가지고 있는지 알 수 있게 해줄 겁니다
하지만 19세기의 문제점은
빛의 속도를 정확히 잴 수 있는 방법이
없었다는 겁니다
혹은 그와 비슷하게라도 말이죠
에테르 바람에 대하여 다가가거나
다가올 때 상대적인
빛의 움직임을 정확히 측정하기가

Bulgarian: 
реалната посока
на етерния вятър.
И експериментът,
който обикновено се цитира,
когато за пръв път
разглеждаме тези неща,
който представлява пробив
в цялата тази идея за светоносния етер,
е експериментът на
Майкелсън и Морли.
Опитът на
Майкелсън и Морли.
Те осъзнали, че не можем
да измерим скоростта на светлината
с достатъчна точност, за да установим
дали е била забавена от етерния вятър,
или ускорена от
етерния вятър,
но има нещо,
което можем да направим.
И това направили
Майкелсън и Морли.
И ще покажа опростена версия
на този експеримент.
Имаш един източник
на светлина ето тук.
Имаш източник
на светлина.
Това ще изпрати светлина
в тази посока.
Ще изпрати светлина
ето така.
И имаш полу-посребрено
огледало,
което позволява на половината светлина
да премине директно през него,
а другата половина
да бъде отразена.
Нека поставим едно
полу-посребрено огледало ето тук.

English: 
the actual direction of the ether wind.
And so the experiment
that is usually cited
with first kind of breaking things open,
starting to really make
a dent in this whole idea
of a luminiferous ether, is the
Michelson-Morley Experiment.
Michelson-Morley Experiment.
They recognized, okay, we can't
measure the speed of light
with enough precision to detect
has it gotten slowed down
by the ether wind or sped
up by the ether wind,
but what we could do,
and this is what Michelson
and Morley did do,
and I'm gonna do an
oversimplification of the experiment,
is that, okay, you have a light source,
you have a light source right over here.
So, you have a light source.
And so that's going to send
light in this direction.
It's going to send light just like that.
And what you do is you
have a half-silvered mirror
that allows half the light
to pass directly through it
and half of it to be reflected.
So let's put a half-silvered
mirror right over here.

Korean: 
어려웠습니다
그리고 이런 루미니페로스 에테르의 개념에
처음 반박을 한 것으로 자주 인용되는
실험이 바로
마이컬슨-몰리 실험입니다
마이컬슨-몰리 실험입니다
사람들은 직접 빛의 속도를
에테르 바람을 이용하여 측정하는 것이
어렵다는 것을 깨닫고
다른 것을 시도했습니다
이것이 마이컬슨과 몰리가 한 것이죠
이 실험을 단순화된 도식으로 보죠
자 여기 광원이 있습니다
광원이 있고요
광원이 있고요
자 여기가 빛의 진행 방향입니다.
이런 식으로 빛을 쏴준 뒤
빛을 반은 통과시키고
반은 반사시키는
반투명 거울을 놓습니다
자 여기에 반투명 거울을 두도록 하지요

Thai: 
จากทิศของลมอีเธอร์
แล้วการทดลองที่มักใช้อ้างอิง
ว่าทำให้แนวคิดนี้เริ่มสั่นคลอน
เริ่มทำให้เห็นปัญหาของแนวคิดเรื่อง
ลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์นี้ 
คือการทดลองไมเคิลสัน-มอร์เลย์
การทดลองไมเคิลสัน-มอร์เลย์
พวกเขาสังเกตว่า โอเค เราวัดอัตราเร็วแสง
ให้ละเอียดพอจนตรวจจับว่ามันช้าลง
หรือเร็วขึ้นจากลมอีเธอร์ไม่ได้
แต่สิ่งที่เราทำได้
นี่คือสิ่งที่ไมเคิลสันและมอร์เลย์ทำ
และผมจะทำให้การทดลองนี้ง่ายลงมาก
บอกว่า โอเค คุณมีแหล่งกำเนิดแสง
คุณมีแหล่งกำเนิดแสงตรงนี้
คุณมีแหล่งกำเนิดแสง
แล้วมันจะส่งแสงในทิศนี้
มันจะส่งแสงอย่างนั้น
สิ่งทีคุณทำคือคุณมีกระจกที่ฉาบเงินครึ่งหนึ่ง
ที่ทำให้แสงครึ่งหนึ่งผ่านตรงทะลุมัน
และครึ่งหนึ่งสะท้อน
ลองใส่กระจกแบ่งแสงตรงนี้

Bulgarian: 
Това е едно
полу-посребрено огледало.
Половината от светлината
ще се отрази ето така –
това е едно
опростено представяне.
Нека го направя
малко по-прилежно.
Половината ще се отрази
ето така.
А другата половина
ще успее да премине.
Ще успее да премине.
Това е полу-посребрено
огледало.
А после правим всеки
от тези светлинни лъчи –
взимаме началния си
светлинен лъч
и го разделяме
на две –
после това ще се отрази
от тези огледала.
Отразява се от огледалата,
които са равно раздалечени.
И има някои настройки,
като трябва да вземеш
всичко в предвид,
но самата
проста идея –
тези неща просто
ще се отразят обратно.
Сега това
ще се отрази обратно.
Това е полу-посребрено,
част от светлината може
да премине през това огледало.
Това е този лъч.
И този ще се отрази обратно.
Този ще се отрази обратно.

Thai: 
นั่นคือกระจกเงาแบ่งแสง
แล้วแสงครึ่งหนึ่งจะกระทบออกแบบนี้
และนี่คือภาพอย่างง่าย
ขอผมวาดให้สวยกว่านี้หน่อย
ครึ่งหนึ่งจะกระดอนออกอย่างนั้น
แล้วอีกครึ่งหนึ่งจะผ่านมันไป
จะสามารถผ่านมันไปได้
นั่นคือกระจกเงาแบ่งแสง
แล้วเราให้ลำแสงเหล่านั้น --
เรานำรังสีแสงเดิมมา
และแบ่งออกเป็นสอง --
แล้วเราจะให้พวกมันกระทบกับกระจก
กระทบออกจากกระจกที่ระยะเท่ากัน
มีการปรับแต่ง
เมื่อคุณต้องคิดผลทุกอย่าง
แต่เพื่อให้ง่าย
แสงเหล่านี้จะสะท้อนกลับเฉยๆ
อันนี้ตอนนี้จะสะท้อนกลับมา
มันแบ่งแสง มันทะลุผ่านได้
หรือส่วนหนึ่งทะลุผ่านกระจกนั้นได้
นั่นคือรังสีนั้น
แล้วอันนี้จะกระดอนกลับ
อันนี้จะกระดอนกลับมา

Korean: 
이게 거울입니다
약간의 단순화를 시키면
반투명한 거울은 이렇게 빛이 튕겨나갈겁니다
조금 더 멋있게 그려보죠
자 이렇게 반은 튕겨나갈거고
반은 거울을 통과해 버릴 겁니다
거울을 통해
통과하는 거죠
이렇게 처음 나온 빛 광선이
두 갈래로
갈라져버리게 되고
우리는 이들 역시 거울로 반사시킬 겁니다
두 거울은 같은 거리에 있고요
사실 여기서 여러 인자들을 고려하면
약간의 조정이 필요하지만
간단히 생각한다면
이 둘은 다시 반사될 것입니다
자 반사되서 돌아가는데
반투명 거울이 있으니 약간의 빛은
이를 통과할 수 있겠죠
이게 통과한 빛이고요
이 광선 역시
반사되서 나와

English: 
So, there's a half-silvered mirror.
And so half of this light
will bounce off like this,
and this is just a simplification of it.
Let me do it a little neater than that.
So half will bounce off like that.
And then the other half will
be able to go through it.
Will be able to go through it.
It's a half-silvered mirror.
And then we make each
of those light rays--
we've essentially taken
our original light ray
and split it into two--
well then we'll then
bounce those off mirrors.
Bounce those off mirrors
that are equidistant.
And there are some adjustments
when you actually have
to factor in everything,
but just as a simple notion,
these things are just
now going to bounce back.
So, this one is now going to bounce back.
It's half-silvered, it can go through,
or part of it can go through, that mirror.
So that's that ray.
And then this one is going to bounce back.
This one's going to go bounce back.

Korean: 
약간의 광선이 또한 이 방향으로 가게 될 것입니다
자 그리고 여기서 우리는
빛을 감지할 수 있습니다
여기가 탐지기죠
여러분은 물을겁니다
그래서 뭐가 문젠데요?
우리는 광선을 반사시키고
반으로 가르고 다시 합치고
하는 등 장난을 좀 쳤죠
하지만 에테르를 고려해 보았을 때
이렇게 직교하게 나아가고 있는 광선은
다른 속력을 가지게 될 것입니다
만약 에테르 바람이
이 방향으로
움직였다고
생각해보죠
만약 에테르 바람이 이 방향으로 가고 있다면
빛의 파동이 이 방향으로 진행할 때
조금 더 빨라지고
돌아올땐 조금 더 느려져야겠죠
그래서 마이컬슨과 몰리가 생각한 것은
"그렇다면 가정을 하자"

English: 
And part of it is going to
bounce into this direction.
And then you can detect what you see.
You can detect what you see.
So this right over here is a detector.
And you might be saying
okay, Sal, well what's the big deal?
You've taken a light
source, you've bounced,
you've split the light rays,
you've put them back together,
you've bounced them around a little bit.
But think about if there
was a luminiferous ether
these light waves that are
going in orthogonal directions
will be going at different velocities.
Let's say if that luminiferous ether,
if that luminiferous ether
wind was doing something
like, let me see, if the ether wind
were in this direction,
if the ether wind were in that direction,
when the light wave is going that way
it should be going faster,
and when the light wave
is coming back it should be going slower.
And so what Michelson and
Morley did is they said
okay, let's assume...

Thai: 
และส่วนหนึ่งจะกระทบไปในทิศนี้
แล้วคุณก็ตรวจจับสิ่งที่เห็นได้
คุณตรวจวัดสิ่งที่เห็นได้
อันนี้ตรงนี้ก็คือตัวตรวจจับ
และคุณอาจบอกว่า
โอเค ซาล มีสำคัญอะไร?
คุณนำแหล่งกำเนิดแสงมา คุณกระทบ
คุณแยกรังสีแสงออก 
คุณให้พวกมันกลับมาเจอกัน
คุณกระทบพวกมันไปมานิดหน่อย
แต่คิดดูว่าถ้ามีลูมินิเฟอรัส อีเธอร์
คลื่นแสงที่มีทิศตั้งฉากกัน
จะเดินทางด้วยความเร็วต่างกัน
สมมุติว่าลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์นั้น
ถ้าลมลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์นั้นทำอะไร
แบบนี้ ขอดูหน่อย ถ้าลมอีเธอร์
อยู่ในทิศนี้
ถ้าลมอีเธอร์อยู่ในทิศนั้น
เมื่อคลื่นแสงไปแบบนั้น
มันควรเร็วขึ้น และเมื่อคลื่นแสง
กลับมา มันควรช้าลง
แล้วสิ่งที่ไมเคิลสันและมอร์เลย์ทำ 
คือเขาบอกว่า
โอเค ลองสมมุติ --

Bulgarian: 
Част от светлината
ще се отрази в тази посока.
А после можеш да засечеш
какво виждаш.
Можеш да засечеш
какво виждаш.
Това тук е
един детектор.
И може би си казваш:
"Сал, и какво от това?
Взе един източник на светлина,
раздели светлинните лъчи,
събра ги отново,
накара ги малко
да се отразят."
Но ако имаше
светоносен етер,
тези светлинни вълни,
които се движат в ортогонални посоки
ще се движат с
различни скорости.
Да кажем, че ако този
светоносен етер,
ако този светоносен етерен вятър
вършеше нещо като...
Да видим,
ако етерният вятър
беше в тази посока,
ако етерният вятър
беше в тази посока,
когато светлинната вълна се движи насам,
тя трябва да се движи по-бързо,
а когато светлинната вълна
се връща обратно,
тя трябва да се движи
по-бавно.
Майкелсън и Морли
казали:
"Нека приемем...

Thai: 
ลองปรับอุปกรณ์ของเราตรงนี้
เมื่อลำแสงสองตัวกระทบออก
แล้วกลับมาเจอกัน ถ้าไม่มีอีเธอร์
คุณควรมีรูปแบบการแทรกสอดพื้นฐาน
รูปแบบการแทรกสอดหมายความว่าอะไร?
สมมุติว่าคุณมีอันนี้
กระทบจากข้างบนนี้
ขอผมใช้อีกสีนะ
อันหนึ่งกระทบจากบนนี้
อันนี้กระทบจากบนนี้
สมมุติว่ามันเป็นแบบนี้
ผมจะวาดมันเป็นคลื่นตามยาวนะ
แบบนี้
ผมวาดคลื่นตามยาวด้วยมืออย่างดีที่สุดแล้ว
แล้วอันที่มาจากอีกทิศ
คลื่นที่กระทบตรงนี้ แล้วกลับมาแบบนี้
เป็นคลื่นตามยาวอีกอัน แบบนี้
และเมื่อพวกมันทับกัน พวกมันจะแทรกสอด
กัน ไม่แทรกสอดแบบเสริม
ก็แทรกสอดแบบหักล้าง
คุณจึงได้อะไรแบบนี้

Bulgarian: 
Нека настроим
апарата си тук,
така че когато тези
два светлинни лъча се отразят
и се съберат обратно,
ако няма етер,
тогава ще се получи някаква
интерференчна картина."
Какво имам предвид под
интерференчна картина?
Да кажем, че може би
този лъч отскача от тук.
Нека направя това
в различен цвят.
Този, който се отразява тук,
да кажем,
че изглежда така.
Ще го начертая като
надлъжна вълна, ето така.
Най-добрата ми рисунка
на надлъжна вълна.
А лъчът, който идва
от другата посока,
който отскача тук
и се връща обратно ето така,
е друга надлъжна вълна,
като тази.
И когато се припокрият,
те ще интерферират една с друга,
ще интерферират
или конструктивно,
или деструктивно.
Може да имаш
нещо подобно.

English: 
let's adjust our
apparatus right over here,
so when then these two
lights rays bounce off
and come back together,
if there were no ether
you would have some basic
interference pattern.
So, what do I mean by
interference pattern?
Well let's say that
you have maybe this one
bouncing from up here.
Let me do that in a different color.
So the one bouncing from up here,
the one bouncing from up here,
let's say that looks like this.
I'll just draw it as a longitudinal wave,
just like this.
Best I had in hand-drawn
longitudinal wave.
And then the one coming
from the other direction,
the one that bounces here,
and then comes back like this,
is another longitudinal wave, like this.
And when they overlap they
are going to interfere
with each other, either
constructively interfere
or destructively interfere.
So you could have something like this.

Korean: 
"이 장비를 여기에다 두고"
"두 광선이 반사가 되어"
"돌아오게 했을 때, 에테르가 없다면"
"기본적인 간섭무늬를 나타내야 할 거야"
간섭무늬는 뭘 뜻하냐고요?
자 여기에 다른 광선하나가
반사되었다고 합시다
다른 색으로 그릴께요
여기서 반사되는게 있고
여기서 반사되는 게 있습니다
이렇게 생겼다고 하죠
여기에 단순한 종파를 하나
그리겠습니다
지금까지 그린 종파 중 제일 잘 그린 것 같네요
그리고 다른 방향에서 반사되어
돌아오는 또 다른 광선은
또 다른 모양의 종파를 갖겠지요
그리고 이 둘이 겹치게 되면
서로에 대해 보강 간섭을 할 것입니다
아니면 상쇄 간섭을요
자 이렇게 되고요

Korean: 
여기에 복사해서 붙여넣을게요
그래서 이러한 파동들이 가지는
거리와 속도에 따라 특정한 정도의
간섭무늬를 가지게 될 것입니다
그리고 시작점이나
에테르 바람이 어떻게 행동하고 있는지에 따라
바뀌기도 하겠죠
하지만 마이컬슨과 몰리가 관측한 것은
이 기구가 어디에 위치해 있든 간에
그리고 언제 하던간에
수직이거나 수평이거나
어떤 방향이건 간에
어떻게 실험을 진행하던 간에
매번 같은 간섭무늬를 얻게 되었습니다
간섭무늬가 전혀 바뀌지 않은 것입니다
그리고 이러한 간섭무늬로 보았을 때
에테르는
광파를 느리게 하거나 빠르게 하는
실질적 효과가 없었습니다
그래서 이 실험은 물리학내에서
가장 유명한 실험 중 하나로 불리지요
한번 적어보도록 하죠
이 실험이 가지는 영향력은
실패했다는 데에 있습니다
실패한 실험이었다는 겁니다

Thai: 
ขอผมลอก แล้วขอผมวางมันลงไป
ขึ้นอยู่กับแต่ละตัวอยู่ไกล
หรือเร็วแค่ไหน คุณจะได้
ระดับการแทรกสอดต่างๆ กัน
และคุณได้ผลต่าง
ขึ้นอยู่กับการวางตัว
ขึ้นอยู่กับสิ่งที่ลมอีเธอร์ทำจริงๆ
แต่สิ่งที่ไมเคิลสันและมอร์เลย์สังเกต
คือว่า ไม่ว่าเขาจะวางอุปกรณ์นี้อย่างไร
และเขาทำหลายครั้งในเวลาหนึ่งปี
และเขาหมุนมันไปมา และเขาหมุนมัน
ในทิศแนวตั้ง แนวนอน
ไม่ว่าเขาจะทำอะไร
พวกเขาจะได้รูปแบบการแทรกสอดเดิมเสมอ
รูปแบบการแทรกสอดไม่เปลี่ยน
และเนื่องจากรูปแบบการแทรกสอดไม่เปลี่ยน
มันสื่อว่า บางทีอีเธอร์นี้
อาจไม่มีผลทำให้คลื่นแสง
ช้าลงหรือเร็วขึ้น
อันนี้มักเรียกว่า การทดลองล้มเหลว
ที่ดังที่สุดในฟิสิกส์
ขอผมเขียนมันลงไปนะ
สิ่งที่ทรงพลังคือว่า 
มันเป็นการทดลองที่ล้มเหลว
ขอผมเอาเครื่องมือปากกาออกมา
มันคือการทดลองที่ล้มเหลว ล้มเหลว

Bulgarian: 
Нека копирам това
и да го поставя.
В зависимост от това
колко надалеч или колко бързо
се е движила
всяка от тези,
ще имаш различни
нива на интерференция.
И ще имаш разлика,
в зависимост от
ориентацията,
в зависимост от това
какво прави етерният вятър.
Но Майкелсън и Морли
видели,
че без значение как ориентират
този апарат –
и направили това в
различни периоди от годината,
и го въртели наоколо,
и го въртели във вертикална посока
и в хоризонтална посока –
без значение
какво правели,
винаги получавали една и 
съща интерференчна картина.
Интерференчната картина
не се променяла.
И понеже интерференчната картина
не се променя,
това предполага,
че този етер
може би няма ефект
върху забавянето
или ускоряването
на светлинните вълни.
Това често се нарича
един от най-известните провалили се
опити във физиката.
Нека запиша това.
Важното за това е,
че е бил неуспешен опит.
Нека извадя молива си.
Това е бил
неуспешен опит,

English: 
So let me copy and then let me paste it.
So depending on how far or how fast
each of these traveled,
you're going to have
different levels of interference.
And you would have a difference,
depending on the orientation,
depending on what the
actual ether wind is doing.
But what Michelson and Morley observed
is that no matter how they
oriented this apparatus,
and they did it at
different times of the year,
and they rotated it
around, and they rotated it
in the vertical direction
and the horizontal direction,
no matter what they did
they always got the same
interference pattern.
The interference pattern did not change.
And because the interference
pattern did not change
it implied that well, maybe this ether
isn't really having an
effect on slowing down
or speeding up the light waves.
So this is often called
one of the most famous
failed experiments in physics.
So let me write this down.
What's powerful about it is
that it was a failed experiment.
Let me get my pen tool out.
It was a failed, failed experiment

English: 
but it made people start to question
well, maybe there isn't an ether,
a luminiferous ether, maybe
light just somehow travels
through the vacuum.
Maybe there is not this
absolute frame of reference
that's defined by the luminiferous ether.
And I wanna be clear, it wasn't
this experiment by itself.
This experiment was one of many
that started to put that doubt.
But even after this experiment
and they saw that there was no change
in the interference pattern no matter how
they oriented this thing,
whether is was going
in the direction of the
hypothetical luminiferous ether
or away from it, whatever,
when they say no matter
how they oriented it
they got the same interference patterns,
people tried to come up
with other explanations
that still might have been
okay with a Luminiferous Ether.
Maybe the length got contracted
in the direction of the motion.
Maybe other things got affected.
But this is a super important
experiment in physics
because, once again, it started to show
that hey, maybe there is
no luminiferous ether,
that light is just gonna
go through that vacuum

Thai: 
แต่มันทำให้คนเริ่มตั้งคำถาม
ว่าบางที มันอาจไม่มีอีเธอร์แต่แรก
ลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์ บางทีแสงอาจเดินทาง
ผ่านสุญญากาศเอง
บางที มันอาจไม่มีกรอบอ้างอิงสัมบูรณ์
ที่กำหนดโดยลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์
ผมอยากบอกให้ชัด 
มันไม่ใช่การทดลองนี้อย่างเดียว
การทดลองนี้เป็นหนึ่งใน
สิ่งที่ทำให้คนเริ่มสงสัย
แม้แต่หลังจากการทดลองนี้
คนเห็นว่าไม่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลง
ในรูปแบบการแทรกสอด ไม่ว่า
เขาจะวาดอุปกรณ์นี้อย่างไร ไม่ว่ามันจะ
อยู่ในทิศของลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์ที่สมมุติขึ้น
หรือตรงข้าม ไม่ว่ายังไง
เมื่อเขาพบว่า ไม่ว่าจะวางตัวยังไง
เขาก็ยังได้รูปแบบการแทรกสอดเดิม
หลายคนก็ให้คำอธิบายอื่น
ที่อาจจะยังสอดคล้องกับลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์
บางที ความยาวหด
ในทิศของการเคลื่อนที่
บางทีอย่างอื่นเข้ามามีผล
แต่นี่คือการทดลองที่สำคัญสุดๆ ในฟิสิกส์
เพราะ มันเริ่มแสดงให้เห็นว่า
เฮ้ บางที อาจไม่มีลูมินิเฟอรัสอีเธอร์อยู่
แสงก็แค่เดินทางผ่านสุญญากาศ

Bulgarian: 
но е накарал
хората да се усъмнят:
"Всъщност може би
няма етер,
светоносен етер,
може би светлината просто
някак се движи
във вакуума.
Може би я няма тази
абсолютна отправна система,
която е определена от
светоносния етер."
Искам да поясня, че
този опит не е бил единствен.
Този опит е бил
един от многото,
които започнали да
създават това съмнение.
Но дори след
този опит –
и те видели,
че нямало промяна
в интерференчната картина,
без значение как ориентирали това нещо,
дали се движело в посоката на
хипотетичния светоносен етер,
или надалеч от него –
когато те казали,
че без значение как ориентирали това,
пак получавали същата
интерференчна картина,
хората опитали да намерят
други обяснения,
които могат да включват
светоносния етер.
Може би дължината
се съкращава
в посоката на движението.
Може би други неща
са засегнати.
Но това е много важен
опит във физиката,
понеже, пак повтарям,
накарал хората да се усъмнят,
че може би няма
светоносен етер,
а тази светлина просто
ще премине през този вакуум

Korean: 
사람들은 의문을 가지기 시작했죠
 
루미니페로스 에테르는 존재하지 않았고 빛이 어떻게든
진공을 통해 이동하는 것이 아닐까
에테르로는 절대적 관점을 정의할 수
없는 것이 아닐까 하고요
한가지 확실히 해야될 것은 이 실험이 
이것 내에서 국한되지 않았다는 점입니다
이 실험은 에테르에 대하여 의문을 품은
여러 실험 중 처음인 것입니다.
하지만 이 실험이 진행된 이후에도
그들이 간섭무늬가
어떠한 위치에서 실험해도
변화가 없음을 알고도
에테르에 대하여 다가가던
멀어지던 간에
어디에 위치해 있던 간에
같은 간섭무늬를 가짐을 알고도
사람들은 에테르를 인정하는
또 다른 설명을 하려고 노력했습니다
어쩌면 운동으로 인해
길이 수축이 일어났다거나
어쩌면 다른 것이 영향을 주었을 수도 있죠
그래도 이는 물리학에서 정말
중요한 실험으로 여겨집니다
앞에서 언급했듯이 이 실험은
"여러분, 루미니페로스 에테르는 사실 없는 것이고"
"빛이 스스로 진공을 통해 가는 것 아닐까요?"

Bulgarian: 
и, както ще видим,
ще се движи
с една и съща скорост,
без значение от каква
отправна система
я гледаш.
Но ще разгледаме това повече
в бъдещи видеа.

Korean: 
그리고 우리는 곧 빛이
어떠한 관점에서 보든지
일정한 속력을 가진다는 것을 볼 수 있을 것입니다
다음 비디오에서 보도록 하죠

English: 
and, as we'll see, is
going to be traveling
at the same velocity no matter what
frame of reference you look at it from.
But we'll explore that
more in future videos.

Thai: 
และ อย่างที่เราจะเห็น มันจะเดินทาง
ด้วยความเร็วเท่าเดิมไม่ว่าคุณจะ
ดูในกรอบอ้างอิงใดก็ตาม
แต่เราจะสำรวจมันต่อในวิดีโอต่อๆ ไป
