Nutrition in Human beings
Food enters of a body through mouth and travels through a long canal which ends at anus
This canal is called Elementary canal.
In the mouth the food is ground to a paste by teeth and saliva
Saliva is a watery fluid not only makes the food soft and wet it also has an enzyme called
Saliva amylaze which partially digested the sugars
Now the food has to reach the stomach through a pipe called esophagus the muscles of the esophagus
contact atomically to move the food through it into the stomach. Stomach is a large muscular
hallow organ in which the food is thoroughly mix it with more digestive juices
Secreted by gastric glands present in the walls of this stomach
These juices include 1) Pepsin : a protein digesting enzyme
2) Hydrochloric acid to provide acidic medium for the proper action of Pepsin. and
3) Mucus to prevent the damage of stomach wall by the action of HCL at the end of this stomach
Sphincter Muscles slowly releases the food into the small intestine
the longest part of the Elementary canal
Which is highly coiled to get accommodated in small space. It receives pancreatic juice from the pancreas
intestinal juices from the glands in the intestines and bile juice from the liver
pancreatic juice and intestinal juices contain enzymes like Trypsin, Lipase
pancreatic amylase peptidases and nucleases by does two things
1) It breaks the fats into smaller droplets
Providing more surface area for the quick action of enzymes 2) Bile makes the intestinal Ph to alkaline
So by that the digestion of fats and carbohydrates is facilitated
these enzymes finally make the
Carbohydrates to sugars proteins to Amino acids and fats to fatty acids and glycerol
The inner lining of the small intestine has finger-like projections called Villi
Where the nutrients derived in digetsion are absorbed into the bloodstream?
The unabsorbed food is sent into a large intestine where water is absorbed and the rest is excreted out through anus
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