It's incredible how many devices around
us today are powered by electric motors
whether it's a simple blender a vacuum
cleaner a fan or even a car or public
transportation
JAES in its catalog offers a wide range
of electric motors from different
manufacturers
the most common engines use internal
combustion to create heat this is not
the case with electric motors electric
motors are powered by a completely
different principle don't you believe me
looking at this animation you can see a
wire connected to a battery when the
electricity flows through this wire an
electromagnetic field is created this
means that the electricity has
temporarily turned the wire into a
magnet when the wire is disconnected
from the battery it is not a magnet
anymore if we hook it up the opposite
way it's north and south pole reverse an
electric motor makes this process over
and over using the magnetic force to
create mechanical motion now let's take
a step back to explain in detail the
basic elements of this process
electric current simply is a flow of
electric charge which means moving
electrons in a wire their motion is
caused by an electric potential
difference between two points of a
conductor this difference allows the
electrons to flow from the negative pole
to the positive pole a conductor is an
object or type of material that allows
the flow of an electrical current in one
or more directions like metals and
alloys a magnet is an object that
produces a magnetic field each magnet
has a north and a South Pole inside a
magnet there will always be a South in a
North Pole even dividing the magnet into
two parts the remaining parts will have
a north and a South Pole
a magnetic field is invisible but is
wrist
ansible for the most notable property of
a magnet a force that pulls on other
ferromagnetic materials such as iron and
attracts or repels other magnets many
materials can be magnetized it seems
that Archimedes tried to magnetize the
Syracuse and army weapons in order to
easily disarm the enemy's electric
motors require electricity for their
functioning but common plugs and sockets
represent alternating currents an
electric current which periodically
reverses direction batteries represent
direct current an electric current which
flows only in one direction
it's hard to enumerate the long list of
inventors who tried to make practical
the conversion of electrical energy into
mechanical energy in any case we can
draw a timeline of the most significant
inventions for the development of
today's electric motors in 1800 for the
first time Italian Alessandro Volta
produces a continuous electrical power
from a stack of silver and zinc plates
in 1820
Hans Christian Oersted noticed that
electric current is able to create
magnetic fields in 1821 michael faraday
with his famous experiment shows the
continuous electromagnetic rotation is
resulted by suspending a magnetic wire
in an electric field in 1825 William
sturgeon invents the electromagnet a
coil of wires with an iron core to
enhance the magnetic field in 1831
Joseph Henry builds a small magnetic
rocker he describes it as a
philosophical toy in the same year
french instrument maker
Hippolyte fixie builds what can be
considered the first apparatus for
generating an alternating current out of
a rotation in 1834 Italian physics
professor Giuseppe Domenico boto
creates a device corresponding to a
metronome acting on the pendulum with
two electromagnets
in the same year Moritz Herman Jacobi
builds an electric motor able to lift a
weight of 10 to 12 pounds with a speed
of 1 foot per second which is equivalent
to about 15 watts of mechanical power in
1842 Robert Davidson manages the
construction of the first electrically
powered car its engines make about one
horsepower and reaches a speed of 4
miles per hour it's in 1856 that Werner
Siemens built an electric generator with
a TT armature winding he's the first one
to place a winding in two slots this
invention marks a turning point in the
design of electrical machines today
almost all electrical motors are built
with windings and slots in 1885 galileo
ferraris builds the first induction
motor in 1887 Frederick August hustle
wander is the first one to come up with
the idea to use a three pass alternating
voltage and current system in 1891
Michael de levo dobo Volsky builds the
first three-phase cage induction motor
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