To continuously sustain that wonder, that sense of
wanting to know, is the basis of science and mysticism.
We have no way that a human could perceive
a system of that complexity and yet each of us has it.
we can make new strains of mathematics,
we can make computer simulations but 
we’ll never get it. I’ll never get the brain.
but even this brain can be manufactured with
something as simple as a piece of a carrot or a bread.
So, I’m saying there is an intelligence here 
(Referring to oneself), which can create a brain.
David Eagleman: This is a place where I feel like
science and mysticism have a real meeting ground 
is at this three words of… of “I don’t know”
Superscript: Neuroscientist David Eagleman with Sadhguru – In Conversation with the Mystic
Sadhguru chants Jananam Sukhadham…
Maranam Karunam...
Milanam Madhuram...
Smaranam Karunam...
Sadhguru: Good evening, everyone.
I said good evening.
Participants: Good evening.
David Eagleman: Tell us about that chant.
Sadhguru: The chant…
These are certain types of invocation.
In the sense,
the distinction between an invocation and a prayer is –
prayer is an effort to talk to whatever
other dimensions that people believe in.
Invocation is a way of inciting a certain dimension of who you are for a particular type of activity.
So, this chant is mainly talking about
how birth is sweet but death is compassion.
Because if you cannot die, that’s not a good thing.
We don’t want to die right now,
but suppose you cannot die at all,
what do you do with it?
It’ll become a serious problem (Laughs).
Though birth and life is very sweet,
death is a great compassion
if it comes at the right time.
Meeting and mingling is very sweet
but memory is a great compassion.
And if one transcends the process that we refer to as time, then the whole Existence is compassion for you.
That’s what the chant is, I mean, 
generally saying (Both Laugh).
David Eagleman: So, I’m very interested in the
intersection of our worlds – science and mysticism.
Sadhguru: I thought we live on the same planet (Laughter).
David Eagleman: Well, we’ll see… I (Laughter)…
So I go into the lab every day and I study how the brain,
which is encased in silence and darkness,
how it constructs our reality.
And the reason we know that this
has something to do with the brain
is because if the brain is damaged even in small ways,
your reality changes and if you take drugs or alcohol
or other sorts of things, viruses in the system,
your reality can change.
So, I’m interested in finding where our perspectives
overlap in this, because your interest is…
one of your interests is also understanding reality,
how we perceive it, how it’s individualized to us.
So, can you tell us about that?
Sadhguru: There is… there is Existence outside
and there is you or me as individual human beings.
We have not seen the world –
we know it only the way it’s
projected in the firmament of our minds.
When we say mind, in English language
mind is just one word and supposed to encompass everything.
But in the yogic terminology, we have sixteen
parts of the mind, which function distinct functions
and there are whole lot of practices
and processes through which one takes charge
of these sixteen dimensions of mind.
These sixteen, for simpler understanding,
can be brought into four sections.
The first dimension of the mind is… we are referring
to as buddhi or what is generally considered intellect.
It is the intellect. I think modern societies,
particularly modern education,
has become too overly focused on
the intellect. Aristotle, you know (Laughs)?
I’m not talking about your boy (Referring to David Eagleman’s student who introduced the speakers)
(Both Laugh).
Because of… We got too engrossed in… 
we got too mesmerized by our own logic
and we have invested too much in human intellect,
leaving out the other dimensions of
intelligence that functions within us.
When we say intellect, it is the logical realm
of what’s happening in our minds.
Or in other words, in your intellect you 
can’t make your intellect agree two plus two is six.
It has to be four, otherwise you think it’s crazy.
So it’s factual, it grasps the facts of life and
assimilates and makes an analysis of that 
and lets us penetrate through the world.
Or in other words, intellect is like a knife – 
the sharper the better.
Knife is an instrument, which is used for 
cutting things open.
So, this is one way of exploring the world 
– by dissection.
This is how… You know, at least in high school,
you must have dissected something,
maybe an earthworm or a cockroach or a frog –
I don’t know how far you went (Laughter).
This is one way of knowing things.
You definitely grasp something
but you never grasp the intrinsic 
nature of life by dissection.
So, there are other dimensions of intelligence.
And another aspect of the intellect is, the second dimension of the mind, we call it as ahankara,
which in English language would 
translate as the identity,
what is the identity you have taken.
Your intellect is always a slave of your identity.
What you’re identified with, it is only
around that it functions. Simple things…
People are identified with things that they
have not even seen and huge emotions are there,
their life is guided by those things.
For example, all of us belong to some nation today.
There was a time hundred years ago, 
many people did not belong to any nation,
but today everybody belongs to some nation
and everybody belongs to some football club also (Laughter),
because both have flags and emblems and works (Laughs).
So, nationality is a new idea.
It’s just about hundred and fifty years, two hundred years that we have this strong sense of nationhood.
We’ve shifted from our ethnic, racial and 
other kinds of identities, to national identity.
Just the moment you believe, “I belong to this nation,”
the emblem of that nation, the flag of that nation, the anthem of that nation brings genuine emotion.
Is... There… Nobody’s pretending, it’s real. It’s real because people are willing to die for it, it has to be real.
But it’s just an identity – 
you could just switch it any time.
You can move to another country
and take that on and it becomes yours.
So the moment you identify yourself with something,
your intellect is completely, always protecting
this identity and working around this identity.
So, the identity – if we want to continue that analogy –
if intellect is the knife,
identity is the hand that holds the knife.
How steady or unsteady this hand is will 
determine what this intellect will do or undo.
The next dimension of the mind is called as manas.
So this is not just in one place, this is
an entire body. Manas is a huge silo of memory.
So, when I say a huge silo of memory,
whatever memory you may have in your brain –
I know you’re a brain fan (Laughter) –
whatever memory you may have in your brain,
your body has a trillion times more memory than that.
You definitely don’t remember how your great, great, great, great, great, grandfather looked like,
but his nose is sitting on your face right now (Laughter).
It remembers how your forefathers looked a million years ago, your body still remembers, has not forgotten.
Definitely it is not the capability of your brain.
So, in terms of memory, the manas is phenomenal
and it’s right across the body.
Every cell in the body carries enormous memory.
Memory to a point for the origin of life on this planet and beyond, all that memory is carried in this body.
So, this is manas. If there is no memory, intellect would be defunct – it’s like a car without gas.
Because there is memory, intellect is on.
This memory flows through the hand of identity
and whatever is the identity,
the memory takes on that color accordingly
and then it plays up in the 
intellect and intellect functions.
The fourth dimension of the mind is called chitta.
Chitta means it’s pure intelligence, unsullied by memory.
There is absolutely no memory, free of memory,
it’s just pure intelligence.
When we say pure intelligence…
All kinds of things have been said, with all due respect to everybody’s beliefs and faiths and whatever,
all kinds of things have been said to people that, “God is generous, god is love, god is this, god is that.”
Suppose you had… nobody told you anything, and you just paid attention to all the Creation around you –
how a flower blossoms, how a leaf is, how an ant move –
if you paid enough attention,
one thing you… that you would definitely come to is
whatever is the source of Creation
is a goddamn intelligent thing (Laughter).
Intelligence, intelligence, intelligence –
everything is smacked with 
phenomenal intelligence beyond
what our quite phenomenal brain cannot perceive.
So, this is a dimension of intelligence within us,
which is the basis of our Creation in a way.
If you eat a piece of bread, over the afternoon it becomes a human being because
this intelligence exists within you and me.
So, if you touch this intelligence,
in a very mischievous way, the yogi, or the yogis…
yogic culture says, “If you touch your chitta,
if you touch this dimension of intelligence,
then Divine becomes your slave.”
You don’t have to think what you want, you don’t have
to seek what you want. If you touch this intelligence,
everything that you wish to know is yours.
It’s just… you have to just direct your focus and it’s all there, because there is a dimension of chitta.
Every human being might have 
accidentally at some point touched this,
which makes suddenly one 
spark of magic in somebody’s life.
This is because they have touched this 
dimension of intelligence unconsciously.
Now, the question is only about
how to get there consciously and to stay there.
So, these aspects of the mind are 
not entirely located here (Gestures),
it is right across the system.
David Eagleman: I kind of think this is the
endeavor of science,
is to take the intelligence all around us and across 
our system and try to understand the principles of that.
It’s a way of going out
and trying to understand the blueprints around us in a way that can be made conscious.
And we’ve made lots of progress that way 
and we’ve walked on the moon
and we’ve cured lots of human suffering that way,
by viewing this deep intelligence,
which I totally agree with you about,
as something that we can make understandable.
Take it from the ineffable to the effable,
and that’s part of… that’s part of what’s… maybe the biggest part of what’s made our world what it is today.
Sadhguru: If I can intervene.
When you say understandable,
that means we can put it into the parameters of logic.
What… what if there is a 
dimension of intelligence within you,
which does not fit into the parameters of logic?
Trying to fit everything into
the parameters of logic means
the surface intelligence, which is the intellect,
which is our survival mode…
If we don’t have an intellect,
we wouldn’t survive in this world.
What is a survival instrument,
we are trying to put all dimensions of life through that and it has to pass through that sieve.
That will completely skew the process.
David Eagleman: I would want to know
that the things that are available to the intellect
can’t encompass the intelligence of a flower 
and of a birth and of a body and so on.
I take the point that there may be limits to our intellect but I don’t know where those limits are
and I don’t know how to guarantee that there are borders
there beyond which there’s something else.
Sadhguru: See, science has done incredible
things in the last hundred years, no question.
Our life is the way it is today,
the comfort and convenience that all of us are enjoying
is essentially because of the outcome of the
scientific endeavor on the planet.
There’s no question about that.
But at the same time, the limitation of science is –
we’re trying to touch a dimension which is beyond
physical nature, with a physical stick.
David Eagleman: Something that you and I had
talked about before is this issue of time perception.
It’s one of the things I study in my lab
and I was mentioning to you that
I think it’s one of the most stubborn 
psychological filters we have. By which I mean –
time seems to be a construction of the brain because
we can easily manipulate it in the laboratory.
So you think something lasted longer or shorter,
something happened in a different order, tch,
and there are many physicists, like Einstein,
who… who were very clear on this point that
time doesn’t actually exist but we’re trapped inside of it
and so this is an interesting 
example of using (Laughs) our intellect
to sort of come up against a glass wall and say,
“You know, there seems to be things past this wall
and it’s impossible for me to know what it 
would be like to be free of time,” for example.
Sadhguru: See, time is a very relative experience.
Every human being would know this in some context.
On a particular day, if you are very, very joyful,
twenty-four hours passed off like a moment.
On another day, you’re depressed,
twenty-four hours seems like an eon.
They say how long a minute is - depends on
which side of the bathroom door you are (Laughter).
Somebody says, “Just one minute, wait” (Laughter).
So, the basis of time, as I perceive it… You must
pardon me because I’m uneducated, okay (Laughs)?
The only thing I know… I mean, 
being uneducated is not an easy thing (Laughter).
Yes (Laughs)
because from the first moment you are born,
your parents, your teachers, every other adult around you
– everybody is busy wanting to teach you something
that has not worked in their life (Laughter). Yes.
Everybody’s trying to instruct you on something,
it doesn’t matter what.
The only thing that they know better
than a just-born infant is
they know some survival tricks – the adults.
They don’t know anything else about life.
They have not perceived any… life any better than a child.
They just know a few survival tricks.
They know how to make money, they know 
how to build this, they know how to do that
but they do not know life in any sense,
because all these other things are
just accessories of life, they’re not life.
Life is something that’s throbbing within you.
So, when we come to time - in the yogic way of seeing things, we just see life as a dance of time and energy.
It’s a certain amount of time and a certain 
amount of energy. Actually, in the local languages,
the expression for death is very beautiful.
We say, “Kalamaytanga.” That means “his time got over.”
Tch. When we… when…In normal language, when we say, “Somebody passed away,”
we don’t say it as we’re saying it in English, 
we say, “His time got over.”
Actually, that’s all that happened
– somebody’s time got over (Laughs).
Now, to put this time and energy together
in a proper… weave it together well –
if your time gets over when you’re… still
energies vibrant, we say this is a untimely death.
If your energy gets over when you’re
still… time is on, it’s a vegetative life.
To… The art of putting this time and energy
together so that both of them play together,
dance together well, is a successful life.
So when we say time, there are many, many
things we can do with energy,
but as far as time is concerned, it’s ticking off for
all of us at the same pace, in that sense.
I… I know there are… There’s research
– I’ll come to that (Laughs).
It doesn’t matter what we say, but our time is ticking
off at the same time. We may think many things,
we came to this talk, we went to the cinema,
we went to the university, we went here and there,
but as far as physical body is concerned,
it’s going straight to the grave (Few Laugh)
because it is keeping time. You may forget.
You’re happy – you forgot that you’re
sixty-five or seventy, you felt like you were
eighteen because today you’re joyful,
but your body is keeping time.
Your brain can be easily fooled (Laughter)
but body is properly keeping time. Never you can fool this body – all the time keeping time.
Because time is a consequence,
time is not a factor by itself.
Time is a consequence of cyclical movements in the physical reality. We know time…
If… if the earth spins once, we say it’s a day.
If the moon goes around us, we say it’s a month.
If the earth goes around the sun, we say it’s a year.
Our idea of time has come essentially because 
of the cyclical movements
of everything that’s physical around us. This is the nature of physicality. Physicality is essentially cyclical.
Whether it’s atomic or cosmic, everything is cyclical.
The moment you’re identified with 
physical nature, time is a big factor.
If you disassociate yourself with your physical nature,
if you sit here and if you have a little space
between you and your physical body…
Because what you call as “my body”
is an accumulated process,
it is something that you accumulated, 
it’s just a piece of the planet.
If a little space comes between you and your body, suddenly time is not a factor. To such an extent…
We have any number of people… This may be very
difficult for a Western audience to digest,
but I have seen yogis who have not moved from the place they were sitting for over six months,
seven months, just in the same place.
By any normal standards,
your body should not survive that,
but once they sit down, they won’t move, 
just like that (Gestures), not moving at all.
Because once you distance yourself from your physiological process, time is not a factor.
Right now, you’re sitting here. It’s not your 
watch which is keeping the time, it’s your body.
If I make you sit here for three hours,
your body says, “It’s enough.”
But suppose you did not have a body,
we’re going to sit here for 3,000 years –
what’s the problem?
So essentially, because of your rooting in your 
physical platform, which you call as the body,
which you built over a period of time from the accumulations that you’ve gathered from this planet –
that is the basis of experience of time.
If you distance yourself from that,
there is no consequence of time on you.
David Eagleman: What is the ‘you’ that
can be separated from the physical?
Sadhguru: Is it a fact that you gathered 
your body over a period of time?
David Eagleman: It’s a fact that this body
gathered together over a period of time
and it may be that I emerge as a consequence of that, 
this feeling of “I”, as opposed to me doing the gathering.
Sadhguru: Tell me, you’ve been having 
lunch and dinner or…?
David Eagleman: Have I been having lunch and dinner?
Sadhguru: Yeah.
David Eagleman: Yeah. This dynamic accumulation (Laughter) has been eating plenty, yeah (Laughter).
Sadhguru: So what you (Laughs)…
what you refer to as “my body” right now is 
an accumulation of food, it’s a heap of food.
Not a pleasant way to describe you, but it is (Laughter).
What you call as “my mind,”
largely in peoples’ experience
is an accumulation of impressions 
over a period of time.
David Eagleman: Agreed.
Sadhguru: So, if you have to gather this much (Gestures) of impressions and this much (Gestures) of body,
something more fundamental must be there, isn’t it?
David Eagleman: Houston, Texas is an 
accumulation of roadways and buildings
but we wouldn’t say that there was… Houston was there and I gathered buildings (Overlapping conversation)…
Sadhguru: No, no, you… you are not a piece
of geography.
You’re not a piece of geography, are you? 
You’re… you’re a l…
David Eagleman: I may be exactly that (Sadhguru Laughs), a physical… a physical being.
I’ll tell you why from my perspective 
that seems like a possibility.
It’s because we’re across the street from the world’s largest medical center and every day
there are thousands of people there,
whose geography is changing because of Alzheimer’s or stroke or tumor or traumatic brain injury
and who they are changes.
Sadhguru: No…
David Eagleman: It doesn’t seem like there’s something fundamental that outlasts damage to the tissue.
Sadhguru: See, you’re talking about 
thought and emotion.
The biggest mistake we have made is
we have given too much significance to human thought.
Whatever you think is only happening from the
limited data that you gave gathered. Yes or no?
David Eagleman: Agreed.
Sadhguru: Yes. So the data that you and me
have gathered, however big we may think it is,
in terms of the cosmos, it’s miniscule,
it’s nothing, it’s really not of any consequence.
So from this miniscule of data that we have gathered,
we are generating some thought which could be useful in making our lives,
it could be useful in creating a few things,
it could be useful fundamentally for our survival and
to enhancement of our survival process, all this,
but it doesn’t give you access to life.
Thought and emotion is psychological 
drama that’s happening within you,
you can conduct it any way you want.
You’re talking about somebody had a tumor or Alzheimer’ or an accident or something
and their drama went wrong.
The drama can go wrong even without 
any of those ailments. You ask people.
Peoples’ drama goes wrong without any accident or injury, or ailment – just like that, drama goes wrong
on a daily basis for a lot of people.
David Eagleman: We usually give that a name though, something like depression
or a psychotic break or something…
Sadhguru: Ohh, that’s a business (Laughter).
David Eagleman: Not one I’m making any money on (Laughter).
Sadhguru: I’m saying there’s only this much –
either your faculties are taking instructions from you
or they have become compulsive 
for some reason, all right?
Either your body and mind, you can conduct
it consciously or it’s become compulsive.
That’s all that’s happening.
Whether you call it physical ailment or mental ailment, all that’s happened is just this –
that your fundamental faculties of existence
on this planet is your body and your mind.
These two things, you have lost grip over them,
so it can become this kind of ailment or 
that kind of ailment or whatever,
but fundamentally you have lost charge.
That’s all that’s happened.
If your body and your brain took instructions from you,
would you create depression,
would you create illness, would you create anything?
You would create highest level of 
pleasantness for you, isn’t it?
David Eagleman: We certainly would if there
were a separate you that could gain that control.
Sadhguru: See, we can come to this like this.
There is something called… Because I…
I see that you keep referring “my brain.”
If you say “my brain,” that means it’s yours.
What is yours can’t be you, right?
David Eagleman: It’s a colloquialism that we use
because I need to refer to this one in here (Gestures) (Both Laugh).
I need to specify which brain I’m talking about.
Sadhguru: See, when I say, “my hand,”
I know even without my hand, I can still exist.
Similarly, if certain parts of the brain are gone,
our ability to think and feel the way we 
were doing it earlier may be gone,
but still that person is not gone.
David Eagleman: That’s the question. So if I lose a little part of my finger, I’m still me, but if I lose a…
a chunk of brain tissue that same size,
I can be someone completely different, I can lose…
Sadhguru: No, no, you’re talking about personality.
David Eagleman: Tch, e… even…
Sadhguru: Personality is again an acquired thing.
David Eagleman: Beyond personality, I can lose memory,
I can lose consciousness of course,
I can lose the ability to perceive reality
the way that we do now. I might become colorblind
because of a lesion, because damage 
to a particular part of my brain,
I lose the ability to understand what objects are.
Sadhguru: Okay, let’s come to this.
See, suppose somebody became colorblind because of an injury
or whatever that happened to them, unfortunately.
That person still knows, 
“I have become colorblind,” isn’t it?
He’s still there.
David Eagleman: It’s true for the person
who becomes colorblind,
but it’s not true for…
For example, a person who is born colorblind,
they don’t even have a concept that they…
that they could be… They don’t have a
concept of color.
So, let’s take a person who’s born blind entirely, 
they don’t even have a concept of vision.
So who’s the “you” for them? Do they…?
Sadhguru: See, even a person who is visually impaired, 
who’s never seen the world around,
he still exists within himself. He’s as much 
a man or a woman as anybody else can be.
It’s just that if all of us were blind,
we would be quite a fine society, without eyes.
David Eagleman: Quite right.
Sadhguru: Yes, isn’t it? Only because somebody
has and I don’t have, in comparison I have a problem.
Otherwise, if none of us had eyes,
you think we wouldn’t have found our way around?
We would have.
Maybe not the same way, in a different way.
David Eagleman: Oh, I totally agree because
in so many dimensions…
Sadhguru: There are mammals… There are mammals
who are flying by, you know, sound (Laughs).
David Eagleman: Yeah. Well, there are so many
dimensions that we are blind to now. So,
what we call visible light is just a one… ten trillionth of the electromagnetic spectrum that’s out there,
we only detect a little bit.
In some branches of physics, it seems there might be between ten to thirteen spatial dimensions,
not just these three and yet we’re trapped in these.
Sadhguru: No. We… we are moving away from
consciousness to perception.
David Eagleman: But my point is we’re already
blind to… to most of the world. So I agree with you that…
Sadhguru: Yes.
David Eagleman: Okay, so let’s move back to perception.
Sadhguru: See,
what you… what an individual life is…
You cannot disagree that you’re life. Are you? 
You’re a piece of life, I’m a piece of life, everybody is.
What kind of personalities we have acquired, 
what kind of likes and dislikes we have acquired,
what kinds of gods and demons we have acquired,
what kinds of other things we have acquired
is a social process that’s happened to us…
cultural and social process.
If you were born in a different part of the world, 
it would be entirely different.
Depending upon what we’re exposed to, these are impressions that we have taken in,
phenomenal amount of impressions.
Leaving that aside, let’s look at one fundamental –
whatever you gather,
you can only claim “it’s mine,” 
you cannot say “it’s me,” isn’t it?
Whatever you gather?
David Eagleman: How do you mean? 
You mean your body? You said your b…
Sadhguru: Anything, anything, anything.
I can say, “this is my chair.”
If I sit here every day and… and then I say, “this is me,”
then there’s a problem (Laughter).
David Eagleman: I think there is a possibility
that it’s exactly what happens,
that the stuff that this piece of life
can end up controlling becomes me.
The reason I think of this as my hand is because it’s…
most of the time is under the control…
Sadhguru: My… “my hand” is okay, no problem. 
“My hand” is okay. “Me” is the problem.
David Eagleman: What do you say “me”?
Sadhguru: “My hand” means it belongs to you, 
no problem with that.
When it becomes “me” then it leads to a 
completely distortion of perception.
David Eagleman: Okay, I think… so you’re
on… you’re talking about identity, who…
what you identify yourself as…
Sadhguru: Yes. See, you can… The nature
of the mind is such, it is looking for some…
Because human intellect and human intelligence
has broken out of a certain bond,
which was there for every other creature,
that they could function like an automated machine through certain instinctual process.
What has happened with a human being with the process of evolution is…
he is… the human being has broken
out of that instinctual process
and there is an intelligence 
which has to function consciously.
But functioning consciously means 
every moment of life is an exploration,
which is too scary for a whole lot of people.
So, the best thing is identify with something
which gives you some sense of what you are.
But this some sense of what you are, which you took on,
based on your social and cultural backgrounds,
what you took on, makes sense for your 
survival process but not for explorative process.
It doesn’t explore life, it keeps you sane,
it’s a good solace. It keeps you… it…
it helps you to sleep well in the night but
it doesn’t awaken a different dimension
of knowing, it doesn’t awaken the possibility of exploring 
dimensions which are not yet, within you.
So if this has to happen, the most important
things is to be able to sit here,
not identified with anything. When I said it’s so hard
to remain uneducated in this world,
because everybody is busy wanting 
to teach you something.
This is all I did in my life –
to remain uneducated, not to be influenced by parents, by family, by religion that’s happening around you,
culture that’s happening around you, 
education that people are forcing on you.
Just to be the way Creation intended 
you to be, simply, see (Laughs).
I may not fit into the university milieu 
but I’m okay, you know (Laughter)?
Just simply the way you were born,
not tangling up your intelligence to any particular thing – either your nationality or your religion or your race
or your creed or your family or any kind of identity or your gender or whatever –
simply to be able to view your life just as a piece of life.
If one does this, then you will see perception will explode in ways that they have not imagined possible.
David Eagleman: Now, as a physical body, 
you’re unable to not be influenced by the…
by the clothing of your culture, by…
Sadhguru: No, this (Referring to his clothing)
is a statement, this is not a compulsive thing (Laughter).
David Eagleman: But you don’t dress as somebody
who’s Chinese or an Eskimo or something.
Sadhguru: When I’m in the North Pole, I will I think (Laughter).
David Eagleman: So, you can’t help… So…
so, from my perceptive, there is this issue of
brain plasticity, which is to say that 
we absorb what’s coming in
and I think it’s exactly consistent with your description
about who you are in the end is an 
accumulation of all these perceptions.
There’s also the case that we come to the 
table with some preprograming in our DNA,
which I think is consistent with
what you’re talking about as the memory
of all of your ancestors leading up to this point.
But because we are creatures that
go around and vacuum in (Gestures)
the… our cultures and we speak this particular language
and we… we are males and we dress 
in certain ways, it’s hard to avoid that.
Now, I’m guessing you’re going to say but 
you don’t identify with it. Is that… Is that right?
Sadhguru: See, what is a social requirement is one thing (Laughs).
I just saw you going into the women’s room (Laughs).
David Eagleman: And you too, by the way (Laughter).
Sadhguru: Because that was the
only bathroom available.
David Eagleman: Yes.
Sadhguru: So, by social norm you do certain things,
because in the room that we were sitting 
there was only women’s room.
I don’t know why they marked it like that.
David Eagleman: I don’t know (Laughter).
Sadhguru: So, you went in, I went in, every other 
male went in, only the female did not go (Laughter).
So, now what you do for the norm that exists, so that
you don’t collide into situations, is one thing.
What you identify with is another thing.
So, the moment you identify with anything for that matter, starting from your body to everything else,
what is your body is the limited body,
what you call as family is a larger body,
what you call as community is a much bigger body,
what you call as a nation is a much bigger body,
what you call as humanity is a much bigger body
– this is how human identities go.
People think it’s better to be identified
with a nation than to be an individual,
when there is a war or when there is some situation,
people think it’s better to be identified with the 
whole humanity. But any identity limits you,
it takes away the fundamental 
possibility of what this life is.
Identity is required for survival process,
to manage day-to-day situations,
but it is not an exploratory process,
because the intention of science is to know.
See, technology is a fallout. Unfortunately in this world, nobody would fund science if it did not spin technology,
which is a very unfortunate thing,
because human intelligence wants to know.
It need not be useful, it simply wants to know.
So, technology is useful and what is useful today,
tomorrow you may realize is very destructive,
it may take away our life.
So, technology has to be judiciously looked at
– what to apply, what we should not apply
– but that judiciousness has gone because
everything is commercialized and it’s on, full force.
Everything that we do, after fifty years 
we come back and say, “We did the wrong thing,
now we’re doing the right thing,”
and again after twenty-five years,
we come back and say, “Then we did the wrong thing,
now we’re doing the right thing.”
Every… every stage of life, we seem to know it 
perfectly well but after some time,
looking back, we did not know nothing,
we missed too many pieces.
So, technology is something that 
we have to judiciously do.
Science must happen rampantly, mysticism must happen rampantly, because this is simply exploratory,
this is not about seeing how to make it useful.
But today, modern science has become 
a slave of technology.
If you don’t make it useful, 
nobody is going to fund you anymore.
If you simply say, “I want to know,”
nobody is interested in this (Laughter).
How can it be turned into an enterprise – 
that’s all they’re interested in.
This is a wrong way to approach science,
because science is a fundamental need 
within a human being. Wanting to know –
it’s the nature of human intelligence,
it is not something that somebody made up,
it’s not a bunch of scientists who made this up.
This is a fundamental need within human intelligence
– wanting to know.
It is the nature of a human being, if he sees 
something new, he wants to know what this is,
whether it’s a small thing or a big thing.
So, to continuously sustain that wonder, that sense of wanting to know, is the basis of science and mysticism.
It is only the fundamental approach is 
different, in the sense.
Science is trying to achieve everything through
physical means, by taking physical quantities,
going by the physical laws.
But physical is like the peel of the fruit, 
it has no purpose of its own.
The peel is useful only as a protective layer to the fruit.
Once the fruit is eaten, peel goes to the trashcan.
See right now, the fruit is inside,
so this body is very important.
We have to feed it, we have to decorate it, we have to dress it up, we have to pamper it in so many ways.
Tomorrow morning, if the fruit is gone,
nobody is interested in this body anymore,
nobody wants to transact with this anymore.
Only because there is something else inside,
body is of so… such great significance.
Once this is gone, what is this (Referring to the body)?
This (Referring to the body) is just a… like a fruit peel,
people want to get rid of it at the earliest.
At least in America, they dress it up.
In India within four hours (claps) you must get rid of the
body, that’s the rule (Laughter),
because once he’s dead, “leave the dead to the dead,” you know somebody said a long time ago (Laughter).
Once… As long as they’re alive, you do 
whatever. Once they’re dead, you’re done,
because the peel is meaningless without the fruit.
Right now, the fundamental flaw in this approach is,
though it’s produced phenomenal results
in terms of well-being for us, comfort 
for us, convenience for us –
the kind of comfort and convenience we’re enjoying,
no other generation ever has known on this planet –
this is a fruit of science or technology, rather.
In spite of that, will it lead to human well-being?
That’s a question mark. Comfort and convenience
will come but will well-being come?
That’s a question mark, because
if you look back on the humanity,
let’s say hundred years ago or 1,000 years ago, 
how people were and how people are you today –
are you more joyful than them, 
are you more blissed out than them?
Sadhguru: Okay. So, are you more blissed out
than previous generations? It’s not true.
We’re in much more comfort but we are not in much more joyful states or pleasant states within ourselves.
Or in essence, our well-being or the fundamental 
quality of our life has not changed,
though the physical quality of our life has changed like unimaginable proportion in the last fifty years.
So, we are trying to approach 
everything through physical means.
If you go through physical means, 
you will hit that glass wall somewhere.
I think – in my perception, I am not a scientist, 
I don’t know all of it but in my perception –
I think the physicists are near the glass wall,
they might not have hit it, they are near.
David Eagleman: That’s the unknown question, right?
We have no guarantee how far we’ll get in science.
We may run… By glass wall, I assume you mean 
we run to a place where we say we can’t go further…
Sadhguru: Where… where the present faculties
will not be good enough…
The present faculties of five senses and a brain
will not be good enough.
David Eagleman: That we hit a long time ago.
So, for example, things like quantum physics…
Sadhguru: Is that so?
David Eagleman: Quantum Physics – you can’t understand it
but you can write it down in equations that make predictions accurate out to fourteen decimal places.
So, we think it’s pretty good and 
we can build new things out of it that we….
We can see things much smaller and 
much farther away that we ever could before,
and we understand the wondrousness and the subtleness
of everything around us much better than we did before.
But the actual physics, a human can’t understand, 
we just make tools to get where we need to go with it.
So, we’ve already hit that point.
And certainly it’s the case with the human brain,
which is made up of almost a 
hundred billion specialized cells
with thousands of trillions of connections 
between them and every second…
Sadhguru: I like the way you’re 
saying it with the passion (Laughter).
Like some people are talking about food 
or something else (Laughter).
David Eagleman: Yeah, well, 
I’m a brainy instead of a foodie.
Sadhguru: You feed on the brain (Laughter).
David Eagleman: Yeah (Laughs). But the reason…
the reason it’s easy to be passionate about it
is because it’s a system of such unimaginable
complexity, that it bankrupts the language.
We have no way that a human could perceive
a system of that complexity and yet each of us has it.
You know, this is this three pound organ 
that we’re carrying around
but we’ve already hit that point a 
long time ago in science, where we realize
we can make new strains of mathematics, we can make computer simulations but we’ll never get it.
I’ll never get the brain.
All I can do is take the… you know, the way (Laughs)…
the way that you explained the sixteen 
aspects of the mind, you simplified it down to four.
You know, best I can do is take the thousands
of trillions of connections in the brain and
make some cartoony model that my impoverished
intellect can sort of get its… get a sense of.
Sadhguru: They’re building a simulator,
brain simulator you know?
David Eagleman: Yeah.
Sadhguru: Henry Markram is busy (Both Laugh)
building his simulated brain.
All that is fine, we are looking at the 
physical mechanics of what’s happening.
The complexity of what’s happening
is beyond the physical mechanics.
See, looking at the physical mechanics of the brain,
the neuronal function and the electric this thing
that’s happening, the waves that are flowing,
whatever things happening,
is fantastic
because of the complexity of what it is, 
the sophistication of what it is.
It is the gadget, no question, okay?
This human gadget is the gadget on the planet.
Of what we have seen, this is the most sophisticated gadget on the planet, there’s no question about that.
Keeping that aside,
but even this brain can be manufactured with
something as simple as a piece of a carrot or a bread.
So, I’m saying there is an intelligence here 
(Referring to oneself),
which can create a brain.
Why are you ignoring that intelligence?
David Eagleman: I think that’s the heart
of science is to try to understand what that is.
What I mean by that is, you know, so,
we have different approaches in science to get there
but studying the genetic code and
understanding how the heck with 27,000 genes,
can you unpack a human being, because whatever
the truth is of what’s happening spiritually,
if there’s a separate you or not, what we
know for sure is that you can unpack a human being
from these four (Laughs) letters of
amino acids
and I mean these base pairs that make these proteins and somehow, that all gets unpacked,
fueled by bread and carrots and so on.
Sadhguru: You know, these kind of questions
have always been on human mind.
It happened almost 15,000 years ago, Adiyogi, that means the first yogi, he had seven disciples.
These seven disciples are full of questions.
They are… Some of them are astronomers,
some of them are serious mathematicians,
things like this, they have million questions.
After some time, Adiyogi is bored with their questions
because whatever they ask, it’s just a product of their intellect, they’re not able to ask a question beyond that.
So they ask, “What is the nature of this… your cosmos? Where does it begin, where does it end, how big is it?”
He’s just bored, so he says, “Your…
your cosmos – I can pack it into a mustard seed.
The entire cosmos, I can pack it into
a mustard seed,” he said.
Then they were flabbergasted by this, then they said,
“What is it made of?
If you can pack such a huge cosmos,
which we do… we can’t even imagine where it begins and
where it ends, into a mustard is… What is it made of?”
He was completely bored even to utter a word,
he simply said like this (Gestures showing five fingers) –
five elements.
Just these five elements, the entire 
universe is a play of these five elements.
If you master the five elements,
you have a key to every aspect of Creation.
If you don’t master the five elements, 
if you approach it from outside
– as you approach it it will take on a trillion new forms.
As you try to study it, it can take on a 
trillion new forms as you’re looking at it,
because that is what it is capable of.
Just five things.
Five million things would be difficult.
Five – I’m sure you and me can study, isn’t it?
At least I’m capable of five (Laughter).
You’re talking in millions and billions, but I’m five (Laughter).
David Eagleman: Are you going to tell me 
what the five are (Laughs)?
Sadhguru: Hmm (Laughs)?
David Eagleman: Are you going to tell me 
what the five elements are (Laughs)?
Sadhguru: You know these five elements, it’s called earth, fire, water, air, space, these are five things.
David Eagleman: Maybe (Laughs), I mean maybe
that’ll work in the end, which (Laughs)…
Sadhguru: Everything is just within this 
(Referring to oneself).
Everything that you call as physical creation has
substance of some kind. This (Gestures) is earth
and all of it is in movement – that’s called air.
All of it ascribes to some temperature – that is fire.
And in everything, there is water, 
which is the cohesiveness.
If there is no water, there’s no cohesiveness in anything.
And all of it is held together by what we call as akash.
Here we’re calling it as space. In English language it doesn’t really describe what we’re saying,
but it’s called akash. Maybe a more closer word in English language would be ether.
Etheric space or whatever they’re calling it as.
So, these are the five things, 
whether an atom or a subatomic particle,
everything is made of these five things.
So, you don’t have to study the trillions of things, 
which are manifestations of these five.
If you understand these five things,
if you have grasp over these five things,
then everything becomes accessible.
So, the fundamental, the most basic process – unfortunately,
the word yoga conjures completely
wrong images in America –
the most fundamental aspect of yoga is called
bhuta shuddhi.
This means cleansing of the elements so that you can feel them separately in your own system.
This very body (Gestures) is seventy-two percent water
and twelve percent earth, six percent air, four percent fire, remaining is space.
If you take charge of these things, what you need to know, everything that is life is here, because
modern physicists are saying,
“As you sit here, every subatomic particle is in communication with the rest of the cosmos.”
If it is so, you just have to become alive to it, 
you just have to become receptive to it.
Rather than going around the cosmos and studying, 
if you sit here it’s reverberating because the nature…
I think there is some constructional theory, something
coming up in California, I don’t know you must be acquainted with these things. Somebody told me…
David Eagleman: I read… I blurbed (Referring to writing the description on the back cover of a book)
book actually, on the back (Laughs)…
Sadhguru: So, fundamentally what they are
saying is – whether it is the smallest thing
or the biggest thing,
everything, the fundamental design is same,
it is only the complexity and sophistication 
which is improving.
Between an amoeba and you, 
the fundamental design is same.
It is much more complex and sophisticated,
but essentially life-making design is same.
So, if it so, the most fundamental materials,
which make this life and every other physical
aspect of what we see in this Creation,
if we know the ingredients and how they happen,
then you have a key to every aspect of life.
But if you try to study the Creation itself,
as you study, they will multiply into billions and trillions.
David Eagleman: It seems it might depend 
what your goal is.
So, if you want to create a drug for cancer
 or build a helicopter,
you need to do something with those five elements 
for break through…
Sadhguru: So, it’s not about exploration,
it’s about utility. What is the use of life?
Let me ask you a question?
David Eagleman: I would love to know. I’ve wondered that question (Laughter)
and I get it – that science isn’t getting me there.
I mean, I know I’ve been in science
my whole lot of life but I don’t know.
I get much more towards that question 
when I read literature,
which was my first love before I went to science.
So, I take the point that science 
doesn’t help me on that front at all.
What would you say? I’ve wondered what the point is.
Sadhguru: (Laughs) No, no, when… when we
are looking at everything as… See, right now,
this is an unfortunate reality, which is… 
doesn’t agree with my aesthetics of life.
Right now, science has moved from an
exploratory process to an exploitative process.
If you see an atom – how to use it.
If you see a bacteria – how to use it.
If you see an elephant – how to use it. 
If you see a whale – how to use it?
Of course, the next thing is if you see a human being
– how to use them? This is where it’s going.
Everything – how to use it? This is not what life is about.
You may get to know how to use every damn thing,
but still life won’t get any better.
If you know how to keep this one (Referring to oneself),
life will get better, believe me.
If you just know how to sit here blissed out,
life will get better.
David Eagleman: I see that point.
Let me ask you, I’m curious what you 
think is reality out there, ‘cause I think we…
I think you and I come from the same perspective that
we’re very limited in what we can actually see
and that an animal would see reality differently than you and I and you and I might see it differently also.
If one of us has synesthesia
and so when we hear music, we see colors,
things like that, then we might have 
very different realities.
So, what would it be like if you could 
get beyond the physical trappings?
Sadhguru: See, languages… Language can go
only thus far, whether it’s science or literature,
it can go only that far.
When you speak any language,
it must make logical sense.
If it does not make logical sense,
people are leaving right now (Laughter).
Yes? Because language has this… Language is deeply enslaved to the fundamental logic,
which is a product of our intellect.
Without it, we could not speak.
So, now you’re asking about something,
which is not going to be logically correct.
So, I’m not willing to make a fool of myself here,
talking about something that’s not
going to make to sense to them right now,
but we will talk about it.
David Eagleman: Okay (Laughter).
Sadhguru: In a… In a different way.
This happened, Adiyogi had a family, the first yogi.
So, some disciple of his from South India carried a basket of mangoes. Have you tasted an Indian mango?
David Eagleman: Yeah.
Sadhguru: Indian mango?
David Eagleman: I’ve been to India, yeah.
Sadhguru: Okay. So, it’s during this season
right now, unfortunately I’m in America (Laughter).
This time of the year, mango is
the only religion in the country (Laughter).
Everybody is head to toe mango, okay (Laughter)?
So, mangoes drive us crazy. In southern India, we have over two hundred varieties of mangoes (Laughs).
So, different days where they want to eat different types of mangoes and they want to cook mango, they want to…
Everything is mango, okay?
People have come up with facial creams, 
mango creams and everything (Laughter).
So, somebody carried a basket of mangoes and
came all the way to Himalayas to offer it to their guru.
Tch, but by the time they came,
the basket… one by one mangoes going bad,
either they threw it away or they ate it up,
something happened.
By the time they came there, only one mango was left. One beautiful South Indian mango, tch.
I’m talking about it like you talk about brain, tch (Laughter).
It… Believe me, it’s sweet, not like the brain (Laughter).
So, now Adiyogi has a wife and two children, two boys.
Now, one mango…
Mango is not like an apple, you can’t cut
into half and give it to two people, tch.
It can only be eaten like this (Gestures),
you know? If you cut it, it won’t go equal anyway.
So, what to do? Both the boys came running, 
“We want the mango.” Each one wants the mango.
So, they didn’t know what to do, then they said, “What?” They have to set up something
– who gets the mango? They said, “Okay, let’s have a 
little race. Whoever wins the race gets the mango.”
Because these are Adiyogi’s children, 
it’s not a hundred meter dash.
They said, “Whoever goes around the world
three times first, they will get the mango.”
So, the younger boy immediately set off 
racing around the world,
wanting to make three rounds and he went away.
The older boy, who was little obese (Laughter),
he just sat there, he didn’t move, 
the parents were surprised.
Then they thought, “Maybe he’s given up on the mango,
the young boy wants to get it, 
he’s running, this boy has given up.”
But this boy sat there for some time,
then he got up,
he went around his father and mother
three times and said, “Mango” (Laughter).
They said, “What! You didn’t even run?
What do you mean?”
“The race is about going around the world.
He is going around the world. 
I went around my world (Laughter).
You are my world, I’ve gone around,
I deserve the mango” (Laughs).
They couldn’t argue with this logic,
so they gave him the mango. He ate.
Then the boy… the younger boy came and, you know, things happened, fireworks (Laughter)…
fireworks happened, he became very furious, 
all those things, another story.
But what I am saying is –
there is a subjective reality 
and there’s an objective reality.
When I say subjective reality, I’m not talking
about just your thought and emotion.
Like you’re talking about 
cognitive reality can be different –
what is smell for somebody is taste for someone else,
what is sweet for somebody is bitter for somebody else,
what’s light for one person is darkness for another creature. Here I see one creature (Laughter),
right behind, staring at me. So,
this perception is… These five senses are
 tuned for our survival.
If survival is what we are seeking,
sense organs are fine.
But once you’re looking at life as an exploration, you want to know life, not just live life, you want to know.
When you want to know, five senses are no good...
they are not sufficient faculties to know.
Right now, this brain – I’m… I’m not trying 
to downgrade it, it’s a fantastic thing –
this brain is nothing without the five senses.
It is these five agencies, which are gathering information and feeding up this brain all the time, both…
Every moment of your wakefulness and sleep, 
this is happening. If you walk from here to there,
if somebody is wearing a strong perfume 
or something else, you may notice it,
otherwise generally you may not notice.
But if you walk from here to there,
your olfactory cognition is taking in 
probably two hundred different smells,
if you walk from here to there.
It is just that you have not paid 
enough attention to decipher that
and your other faculties are overriding that.
Suppose you did not have eyes, ears, nothing,
if you shut them off for some time,
you will see suddenly your nostrils
become so very sensitive,
you can just smell out how many people are there.
If you bring your dog here, he almost 
knows how many people are here.
He doesn’t know just some human smell.
He knows individually, distinct 
smell of each person that is here.
We also have that, because our neurological system is way more sophisticated than that of a dog,
but there are other overriding
factors which have diminished that.
But if you wish, you can develop that to a certain level.
So, cognitive distinctions are there and cognitive confusion is there as you say… What’s that word?
Our smell becomes a color and 
color becomes something.
David Eagleman: Synesthesia.
Sadhguru: Okay, whatever (Laughter).
No, it’s anesthesia, synesthesia, something is lost,
something is mixed up, like a drink.
A man who… who is just out of the bar may feel that way,
you know (David Eagleman Laughs)?
Everything may become colorful or not colorful 
depending upon his mood on that day or what he had.
So, these things are happening
because you can impair these things
or enhance these things with a little bit of 
chemical stimulation or injuries or diseases or….
This is an essentially a chemical soup.
What kind of a soup is the question.
So, our whole effort in the yogic system is how to keep it very equanimous and exuberant at the same time.
The problem with most people is, if they become equanimous… become… they become deathlike.
If they become exuberant, they keep flipping all the time.
To be equanimous and exuberant means your 
sense organs and you can function in a certain way.
You are vibrantly alive but 
you are absolutely equanimous –
if this one thing happens, suddenly your 
sensory perception will not be the limit for you.
There are other dimensions of perception,
which will not come into one’s experience 
unless there is a certain level of striving.
For example, two hundred years ago, I heard ninety-seven percent of Unites States population was illiterate.
Today probably almost hundred percent 
literacy in the country. How does this happen?
It’s the infrastructure of school rooms and human infrastructure of teachers and many other things
and books and whatever.
If this infrastructure was not built, even today 
we would be in the same condition, isn’t it?
So similarly, for turning inward there is no infrastructure.
Few individuals may be doing it somewhere, but there is no large scale infrastructure in the society
as to look at life just as life, not as to how it is useful.
Life need not be useful – 
it’s a phenomena beyond our use.
It is a phenomena to be experienced. We have come here to experience life, not to use life. Isn’t it so? Hello?
Participants: Yes.
Sadhguru: We have come here to experience life, 
not about how to put this to use.
This is not a work donkey (Laughter).
David Eagleman: I’m trying to understand
this issue about knowing,
so where we clearly have overlap in the way 
we go about it is wanting to know things,
wanting to understand everything around us but there is this sense in which we’re not limited by our intellect
because I have the opportunity to ride on
the back of all the other humans on the planet
and those that have come before me.
It’s a collective intellect that’s now encoded on 
Wikipedia and in millions of books
and I have an opportunity to take experiences from across the world, places that I’ve never been,
ideas that I would have never thought of and so on and feed all that in. So, it’s a much richer diet, first of all.
Sadhguru: A much richer data.
David Eagleman: It’s a diet of data…
Sadhguru: Okay.
David Eagleman: I mean, it’s what shapes
my next thoughts is what I’ve taken in.
Sadhguru: No. It’s… It is just that today
we have access to much larger data
than maybe hundred years ago, all right?
But still – we’ve already looked at this –
it’s still a miniscule, isn’t it?
David Eagleman: I agree, compared to 
the whole cosmos, still miniscule,
but it’s moving in the right direction.
The un-slakeable thirst for knowledge that humans have means that there is this ratcheting up each generation.
So it’s not that I’m l… It is of course the case that I’m limited in my thoughts to the impressions that I’ve had,
but I have a much bigger fire hose of impressions now
that can build on the scaffolding of the generations before me, the things they’ve already figured out
so that I can start at the next level in which…
Sadhguru: You start at the next level for what?
Towards what end?
David Eagleman: That’s a good question.
I mean, it’s the… toward the end of knowing,
in the way that science cares about knowing.
So, putting aside usefulness of technology,
just the way that scientist asks questions.
Richard Feynman, the physicist, said, 
“Science is like sex.
Sometimes, something useful comes out of it 
but it’s not why we’re doing it” (Laughter / Applause).
So, it’s a way of knowing
and it’s a way of…
it’s a collaborative way of knowing where we link arms across space and across generations as well,
to try to get somewhere.
Sadhguru: I’m in no way trying to disagree with that or
in any way discredit that, it’s a tremendous effort.
But I’m saying if knowing is the purpose…
Because wanting to know
– how much time and energy somebody 
is willing to dedicate to that
may be questionable from person to person,
but everybody wants to know
– there’s no question about that.
But knowing everything by intellect,
we will know the surface of everything but never 
the real source of everything or the core of everything.
Because the only piece of… the only doorway 
to our experience is this human mechanism.
You don’t know the world any other way
than the way this one (Referring to oneself) 
is projecting right now, within itself. Yes?
David Eagleman: Agreed.
Sadhguru: There is no other way.
You don’t know how that (Gestures) is,
you only know the way it is happening 
within you, isn’t it?
I don’t know how you are really, I only know the way your picture is right now projecting in my brain or my system
and how I’m perceiving it.
As you know, you have drilled holes into people’s brains and impaired something, something (Laughs)
and put electric current and whatever you’ve done…
I’m not saying you as a person,
I’m saying these things have been done.
You definitely know by interfering with a certain 
physical process, the whole perception could change.
The world has not changed but perception has changed,
so in his experience, everything has changed.
So, that dimension of life is only useful for survival.
When I say survival, everything that 
we’re doing is survival.
To survive better, to enhance our survival to a better status, or in an enhanced way of survival process.
But once you’ve come as a human being,
it doesn’t matter how well you survive,
still it is not good enough, isn’t it?
It’s never going to be good enough, because
survival is not going to fulfill a human being.
It doesn’t matter how big our homes get, 
how big our cars get, how energy-efficient it gets,
how better we dress, how better we eat –
still we will feel it’s not enough, because 
that’s not the direction in which the life wants to go.
David Eagleman: So, here’s the part I’m
trying to understand is this issue about knowing,
this issue about seeking knowledge.
Let’s say either in science or in mysticism, we depend on our senses for that, yes? Or you’re saying that there’s…
Sadhguru: I’m saying they’re not dependable.
David Eagleman: Agreed.
Sadhguru: They’re not dependable.
David Eagleman: But isn’t it all we have
or you’re saying there’s this other aspect to the mind?
Sadhguru: Yes. See… see, for example, suppose
you or me were lost in the jungle as infants, okay?
If something edible came, we definitely
would take it and put it the mouth.
We wouldn’t try our ears first, then nostrils and then
sudden… by accident, discover the mouth
– no. We just know how to eat, no question about that.
So, I’m saying everything concerned 
with our survival is in-built, it’s there.
This is millions of years of memory,
which is there within us, we know how to survive.
But we wouldn’t know how to read, we wouldn’t 
know how to do so many other things
which have become a part of our life.
Do you remember
when you were two or three years of age, when
they tried to teach you that alphabet, that damn “A” –
how complicated it was (Laughter)!
It was so complicated, just to get it right,
you had to write hundred times to get it.
Today with eyes closed, you can do it.
Because of a certain striving, isn’t it?
Similarly, anything beyond survival, if we have
to have it in our lives, a certain striving is needed.
As I said, striving for inward perception
is something, unfortunately, 
that’s been banished in modern societies
because we are on the thrill of technology.
It’s a fantastic thing but you will see as time progresses, as technology becomes better and better,
human beings will become more and more frustrated.
If you have not noticed this, just look out and see,
you will see eight year old, ten year old kids bored.
In your generation or my generation, you would have never seen, we never knew what is damn boredom is.
When you were eight or ten,
you were just bubbling with life and on
but today you see ten year old kids are just bored with it (Gestures)
because they’ve seen the damn cosmos through their phone screen (Laughter), they know it all (Both Laugh).
So, I’m saying all this access may 
not lead to betterment of life, and it will not.
Comfort and convenience will come
but well-being will not happen, the purpose of enhancing human experience on this planet will not happen.
It will only entertain us intellectually big time, 
which it is, no question. I’m not saying it’s wrong
but I’m saying it’s limited.
David Eagleman: Maybe the thing that
allows people to make a deeper pursuit
in exactly analogy with the idea of building 
school houses throughout the country
would have been thirty years ago, that it would be 
difficult for you to speak to many people.
But now you have 500,000 followers 
on Facebook, yeah, yeah (Applause).
Sadhguru: I was… (Laughs) As I was…
As I was telling you,
I was in a very large gathering of people and somebody asked me,
“Sadhguru, what about all the gurus, ancient gurus who were there, what about them?” I said, “Nothing, nothing,
I’m the greatest guru” (Laughter).
Because when Krishna was there, he could speak to… He is a gentle… very gentle human being,
probably he could speak to fifty people at a time.
When Gautama came, he stood up and 
spoke more loudly, maybe hundred people.
Vivekananda came, he had a big voice, 
maybe he has spoke to two hundred people.
Look at here, right now, I’m speaking to 50,000 people and if I want, I can speak to the whole world sitting here,
so I’m the greatest guru ever (Laughter) because technology has definitely facilitated that – no question.
But at the same time, technology
doesn’t have discriminatory powers.
You can… As you can deliver well-being, 
you can deliver disaster through technology, by itself.
It doesn’t have a mind of its own,
it is a certain capability and all machines 
and whatever we have created technology –
from a bicycle to a spacecraft or a computer or whatever – essentially, only what we can do, enhancement of that.
Because we can speak, now a microphone has come, 
a telephone has come.
Because we can see, a telescope has come, 
a microscope has come.
Only what we can do, we are enhancing it
with various machines and gadgets we are creating.
We have not created one machine or gadget
to do something that we ourselves
cannot do in a rudimentary way.
David Eagleman: I agree with that.
Sadhguru: So, I’m saying you’re only 
enhancing your five senses. We can…
David Eagleman: For now, yes. But as you know…
Sadhguru: No, it can… See, right now,
it can happen, right now,
with a phone, I can
talk to somebody in India.
It may… Technology may come – I can smell the food that they’re cooking in India. If I’m missing home,
they can turn on the phone and I can smell the food
from India, it may happen (Laughter).
I’m not saying it’s beyond that, it’s very much possible
it may happen, but I can do it without a phone also.
David Eagleman: So you’re very interested in 
Inner Engineering.
My interest is in outer engineering
and as you know, I’ve built a vest in my laboratory with vibratory motors on it
and we’re experimenting now with feeding in new kinds of data streams into the brain, because
the brain appears to be flexible enough to take in any kind of new data streams and have a sensation of it.
So, if I feed in weather patterns from the 
surrounding two hundred miles
or if I feed in real time stock market data,
you can, in theory, develop a sense of the
economic movements of the planet, things like this.
Now, we’re just at the foot of the mountain on this
but it may be that there are a whole 
new kinds of human senses
and that would be a proof of principle of developing something that goes… that goes beyond,
that makes a new kind of sense, essentially, 
takes these peripheral devices and adds new ones
and eventually, we’ll probably build new kinds of sensors
and plug them right into the brain.
Sadhguru: But still, they will only enhance your present capabilities, not something new, not entirely new.
David Eagleman: I don’t know, if I could actually
have an individual experience of weather patterns two hundred miles wide, as in I’m walking around,
I’m tapped into that, I think that’s a new human experience, that’s not something I’ve had before.
Sadhguru: I’ll tell you, this is something
that happened almost 40-45 years ago,
when I was living on a farm.
So, there is a man, a middle-aged man in the village 
who is, you know, he can barely hear.
Ninety-five percent gone, just if you 
shout at him, he hears something.
So, because he cannot hear, he cannot say anything, 
he’s just dumb and stares at things.
So, everybody thinks he is a fool and, you know, 
things happening, he’s not valued in the village.
So, I took him as my man Friday and I said,
“You stay on my farm and work for me.”
So, he was with me.
What I found was – one morning, he gets up
and gets the plough and the… you know, those are the days, not tractor days, we still plough with the animals.
So, he gets the animals and the plough ready.
I said, “What are you doing?”
He said to, “I’m getting ready to plough.”
I said, “Where… Where are you going to plough? It’s dry.”
He said, “It’s going to rain today.”
I look at the sky, it’s clear sky.
I said, “Nonsense, where is it going to rain?”
He said, “No, it’s going to rain.”
He simply sits there like this (Gestures)
because nobody… no social communication,
he can’t hear, he simply sits there like this (Gestures)
the whole day.
If there’s no work, he just sits in one place, 
unmoving (Laughs) and he just knows.
And you won’t believe, it’ll rain.
The day he says it’ll rain, it will rain.
Then I sit up, “Okay, I’m doing all this yoga,
I’m not getting this (Laughter). This guy” (Laughter)…
So, I sat there day after day, day after day,
turning my hand like this (Gestures),
turning like this (Gestures), trying feel this, trying to 
feel that, feeling the earth, looking up, looking down,
everything. I applied myself for eighteen months
and today, in tropical climate,
with my eyes closed, I will say, “Today, it’s going to rain,”
means ninety-five percent it’s going to rain.
It’s just a keener observation of everything, that’s all.
You just… Because he could not hear,
he just sharpened other aspects so much,
he just knows when it’ll rain, and always bang on.
David Eagleman: Maybe he had one of my vests on (Laughter).
Sadhguru: Possible, but he was not sparkling like you. (Laughter)
David Eagleman: I’m curious on a completely different topic. When you look at other faith traditions,
when you look at the the rabbis, sages and imams and people all over the world of different traditions,
what do you see in common?
Sadhguru: The common is they all believe 
something that they don’t know (Laughter)
because
I think the… the main reason why every 
human being is not a natural seeker is –
they have not realized the immensity of 
“I do not know.”
Only if you see “I do not know”, the possibility of knowing arises,
longing to know arises, seeking to know arises.
Then, knowing becomes a possibility and a reality.
Everything that you do not know, if you just believe,
you’ve destroyed the possibility of knowing altogether.
But belief is a…
is something that builds confidence into a human being,
makes him… far more sure-footed than others.
But confidence without clarity is very disastrous,
both for the individual and the 
larger humanity and the planet itself.
See, suppose, let’s say my vision is not clear – 
it is but I’m just saying – suppose my vision is not clear,
I want to walk through you but… 
I can’t see clearly but I’m very confident.
You know what a disaster I will be for you, all right?
If I understand my vision is not clear and I don’t have this foolish idea of confidence, then I will walk gently,
I’ll seek somebody’s help, I’ll have some humility 
to walk through people in a certain way,
otherwise I will see how to clear 
my vision, what I have to do for that.
But if you have no clarity and you have confidence –
it’s a dangerous… it’s a… it’s TNT.
It’s bound to explode on humanity somewhere.
It keeps happening here, there.
We are just looking at eruptions, small eruptions, 
but it’s bound to happen somewhere large scale.
But at the same time,
as human intellect is sparkling like never before,
for the first time in the history of humanity, more human beings are thinking for themselves than ever before.
All these thousands of years,
one village or one town with a few thousand people
means only one guy would think,
others would just take instructions from him.
Now, almost everybody is able to think. How clearly,
how much clarity or confusion is a different thing
but at least, they’re thinking.
As this evolves,
I believe in the next fifty to hundred years, as more and more human beings start thinking for themselves,
then you will see believing in something
will be completely out of vogue
because essentially believing something means –
with all due respect to everybody –
essentially, believing something means you are not
sincere enough to admit that you do not know.
We all have to come to this much – “What I know, I know, what I do not know, I do not know.”
This is a fantastic way to be. An “I do not know” person cannot fight with anybody, that’s the biggest thing.
“I know” – always, there is a fight.
So, all these religious processes which are…
ended up as religions, at one time when they started,
started as an individual experience for somebody,
that person shared his experience 
with a few people around him.
Maybe a dozen or maybe a hundred
or maybe a few thousand, he shared
and over a period of time it gets organized
and becomes something totally, totally different.
So, it has a huge responsibility of handling psychological well-being of the human beings in the sense…
See, human beings are psychologically always confused and they don’t know where to be, what is their well-being
and for every small thing, there is confusion, you know?
It’s something that I realized 
when I went to the university.
I refused to… I’m sorry I’m speaking in a university.
I refused to sit in the classrooms 
because it was too uninteresting for me.
So, I sat in the garden outside, under a tree.
Once I planted myself there, everybody knew 
that I’m there every day, without fail (Laughs),
under the tree,
where all kinds of debates and discussions we started
and people started coming to me 
with all kinds of problems.
You know, students having their own problems,
their education problems, boyfriend-girlfriend problems, parental problems.
As I sat there and heard through everybody’s everything,
in these three years that I was there, I must have
heard thousands of people about their problems.
It became like a problem point –
anybody has a problem, they come to me.
I realized I was the only freako who 
did not have a problem (Laughter).
Everybody had a problem, which made them normal.
I… I did not know what’s a problem.
It’s not that everything was perfect but it’s
just that I didn’t view it as a problem.
I just saw situations are there, some works for me, 
some don’t work for me. But everybody has a problem.
If you really look at it,
the problem with humanity is just this –
from being a monkey or a chimpanzee to a human being, it’s actually a small change, you know?
From a chimpanzee to a human being,
there is only 1.23 percent DNA difference, I believe.
That’s not much, isn’t it (Laughter)?
We could forget sometime who we are (Laughter),
but what a phenomenal change in the intelligence
that we have, compared to a chimpanzee or a monkey.
So the problem is just this – we have a… intellect,
which is sharp and we don’t know how to hold it.
Whichever way we touch it, it cuts us.
All the suffering, human suffering on the planet,
is manufactured in their own mind.
From outside, how much suffering
is happening to you, tell me?
Nothing much. It’s all generated… It’s all self-help.
This is because this evolutionary process 
has happened so rapidly.
As Charles Darwin went about describing,
a goat became a giraffe, it took many million years.
A pig became an elephant – many, many million years,
but from monkey to man,
it happened rather quickly, tch,
to a point where people think there is a
missing link somewhere, okay (Laughs)?
So quickly that we have still not 
gotten used to this intelligence.
We’re struggling as to how to manage this intelligence and this intelligence is the basis of people’s suffering.
If you remove half the brain, most of them will be peaceful (Laughter). Yes or no (Laughter/Applause)?
David Eagleman: Yeah, yeah (Laughs).
Sadhguru: Hey you’re the expert, you must tell me.
You know, in a… in mental asylums,
when people are completely out of control,
they are doing lobotomy –
remove part of the brain, they become peaceful.
So right now, just to be peaceful and happy is such a huge challenge for most human beings,
simply because they’re not able to conduct the…
the sparkle of their own intelligence.
If they were little dumber, they would be peaceful (Laughter). Yes. So, the problem is not of…
The problem is of plenty, the problem is not of paucity. 
It is just that a certain level of intelligence,
which we are not able to handle,
because there is no stable platform.
There is an intelligence here 
for which there is no stable platform.
Unless you create a stable enough platform,
this intelligence will not become…
will not work for us, it’ll work against us,
simply because it’s a sharp knife. 
If you don’t know how to hold it, it’ll cut you up.
Why we do not give a knife to a child’s hand 
is not because knife is dangerous,
because child’s hand is not steady enough.
He could become dangerous to himself or to somebody.
So, this process of perception and understanding
and consciousness – all these things are
questions being asked by the intellect. Intellect
is always looking at the world only in pieces,
in bits and pieces, because all the information that comes to the intellect is coming through sense organs
and sense organs perceive everything 
only by comparison.
Without context, they cannot perceive anything.
For example, if I touch this glass, it feels cool to me.
It is not that I know what is happening with this glass.
It is just that my body temperature is in a certain way,
because of that, I feel it’s cool.
If I lower my body temperature and
touch this, this would be warm to me.
So, sense organs are giving a perspective
only in comparison, which is useful for survival.
What this means is, suppose you’re six feet tall,
you stand like a tall man, you walk like a tall man,
you feel like a tall man, you are a tall man.
You went to another society where 
everybody is eight feet tall,
suddenly, you stand like a short man, walk like a short man, feel like a short man, you are a short man
(Laughter). So, I’m saying this perspective of…
knowing everything by comparison
is only useful for survival process.
Now that science – science in its essence –
is interested in knowing, not about enslaving the world.
How to use it is not the question.
How to know this is just an intrigue that…
from nowhere we just pop up and full-scale drama
and suddenly, we pop out and don’t know what.
For this, we have simplistic answers
– “Okay, you will go to heaven. Okay, you will go to hell.
The people that you don’t like will go to hell. Of course, you and me will go to heaven” (Laughter).
So, these things are there. This is… We are 
trying to handle our ignorance with solace.
Solace is what you’re seeking –
you must believe something.
Belief is a good thing because today, modern psychiatrists are here trying to solve these
problems that human beings are having with their intelligence, which are… turned against themselves.
Essentially, all human suffering is their own intelligence
having turned against them, that’s all it is.
So, psychiatrists are trying to handle but
they can only handle one client at a time
and they need lot of furniture and all this (Laughter).
But religions and faiths have managed people 
for a long time – hats off to them for that
because they’ve given solace 
and balance to people for a very long time.
But solace is one thing, solution and 
seeking is something totally different.
If you’re talking about seeking to know, 
then belief systems are of no consequence.
If solace is what you’re seeking – yes, 
you must believe something because
instead of going to weekly psychiatrists’ sessions,
if you simply believe something, everything will just settle down within you. It’s a fantastic tool that way.
David Eagleman: This is a place where I feel like
science and mysticism have a real meeting ground is at this three words of “I don’t know”
and sometimes science gets a bad reputation about this
and people say things like,
“Well, scientists have proven this or that.”
But scientists never use the word proof or truth or, 
you know, we know this is the way it is.
Instead, you know,
this capacity to hold on to multiple 
hypotheses at the same time
and say, “I don’t know what is the right answer”
is part of the scientific temperament.
It’s an important part of the fabric of everything we do in science is this understanding that Mother Nature
is way bigger than we are and that we,
in our lifetimes, might not get anything but 
one step closer to… in the direction of truth.
Sadhguru: The… The process, the methodology
employed by science, it’s not one lifetime.
If you come for million lifetimes, still you will not know
because the phenomena of creation is such, as you’re studying it, it’ll multiply into a million more.
That is the nature of creation,
the same things can become so elaborate,
I think this is what is happening to science.
What they thought is one thing, they looked into it, they found a million
and they thought, “Okay, we got a million.”
They looked into that million, it became a billion.
Endlessly, it’s going on because 
that is the nature of creation.
So, looking at the physical phenomena 
and wanting to know the source of creation is…
I’m just saying the seeking is fantastic but the methodology will only throw out useful technologies.
But how many technologies do you need 
to live well, I’m asking?
Okay, your iPhone S6 is good enough, 
do you want S8 tomorrow morning (Laughter)?
What are you going to do with it?
Even the damn S6… most people are not using… 
using three percent of its capabilities.
Yes or no (Laughter)? Hmm?
Participants: Yes.
Sadhguru: Most people are not using three percent of that phone’s capability (David Eagleman Laughs).
David Eagleman: Look, I think our 
science is too young still to know
whether we are always going to confront 
a multiplication of problems or not?
Sadhguru: No, I don’t… I don’t say they’re problems.
David Eagleman: Questions…
Sadhguru: There’ll be more things to study, that’s all.
David Eagleman: Yes, but in terms… sometimes
people call that weeny science by which I mean,
once you understand the structure 
of the atom and so on,
you could measure the neutron to finer 
and finer resolution but who cares?
Because that’s not the fundamental problem anymore
and we’re still at such a young age that we don’t know
whether science will keep bifurcating into 
more and more interesting questions
or whether it’ll just become weighing things and it doesn’t matter because now we kind of get the core of it.
We might not know that for a hundred 
years or a thousand years but
I don’t know for certain that 
we are doomed to infinite complexity.
Sadhguru: No.
David Eagleman: It may be that we can put
together a very clear wall what’s going on?
Sadhguru: No, what I’m saying is you’re
fundamentally employing sense organs.
David Eagleman: I agree with that.
Sadhguru: Sense organ is the 
basis of all scientific pursuit.
I’m saying sense organs are not reliable instruments.
You ask the owl (Laughter).
David Eagleman: I… I just… I think that
the pursuit of science is really trying to
surmount our sense organs. It’s trying to figure out this…
Sadhguru: No, how would they surmount?
David Eagleman: By understanding laws of nature
that we don’t know why they’re true
but they seem to be correct like quantum mechanics,
like basic Newtonian physics, by, you know,
figuring out why force equals mass times acceleration.
Why is that true? Nobody knows but that’s the way that people pursue trying to understand…
It’s a way of reaching into the cosmos and figuring out that there are laws that go beyond my sense organs.
I have no way to… to smell or touch F equals M-A (Referring to Newton’s laws of motion)
and yet it seems to hold and that’s the
sense in which we go beyond the…
the little peripheral devices that we come to the table with and try to understand what’s past that.
It is true that we have to translate things
into equations and equations we might write down
or we might hear if we’re a blind person
but in theory that’s something that’s 
beyond our basic sensory apparati.
Sadhguru: See, we distribute this… We…
Just for convenience, I’ll make it into four, okay (Laughs)?
We look at creation as four different dimensions –
sthula, which means the gross physical creation,
sookshma, which means subtle,
that means you cannot perceive them through sense organs but if you hone your attention to a certain level,
then you can perceive that. So this is called as vishesh gyan, which means an extraordinary perception,
or it’s called vigyan. Today in India, in local languages, the word for science is vigyan, okay?
That means it’s vishesh gyan. 
Vishesh gyan means extraordinary perception.
So, we are perceiving things that
our sense organs could not perceive
but still, they are in the realm of physicality
and all physicality is perceivable through
sense organs if they’re honed well.
If you may not be able to perceive, some other creature on the planet is able to perceive. I think…
David Eagleman: Yeah, many different creatures
have totally different slices of…
Sadhguru: Yes, but they’re able to perceive.
That means it’s still physical reality.
So, what is called as sthula is gross reality,
which all of us can see and hear and smell.
What is considered as sookshma, still physicality,
but so subtle that your eyes and ears 
are not good enough for that
but if you’re willing to pay attention, you can perceive.
Then, next is called as shoonya, which literally translates as emptiness in English but emptiness is not the word.
It is… It is physicality without form, there is no form.
All physical has a defined form
but shoonya means physicality has reached a place where there is no form to it,
it’s just physical or
it’s fundamental material of physicality.
The next is called as shi-va, which means that which is not. That means that which is not physical at all.
So, existence is seen as these four components
and how to perceive these four dimensions,
there’s a whole methodology.
Why I’m saying this is,
if only scientists who have pursued 
things so far into physical reality,
if they pay little attention to the most 
fundamental physicality, which is themselves,
if they turn inward rather than constantly
looking through a telescope or a microscope,
if they spend equal amount of time turning inward,
I think something phenomenal could come out of it.
David Eagleman: For many scientists, the reason they turn outward is as a way of… of understanding what…
what this is all made out of, which would include…
which would include understanding 
something about what a piece of life is.
Let me ask you this – when you say, 
“I am a piece of life, you are a piece of life,”
I hear that and understand it in a particular way but I’m... I want to know what you mean by a piece of life?
Sadhguru: Because what you drink is life,
what you eat is life, what you breathe is life,
all this we’re gathering and
this (Referring to oneself) is a piece of life,
which has acquired a certain level of information,
built its own kind of software unconsciously
and its own tendencies and its own character
and its own personality, but that’s a bubble.
It’s like if you blow soap bubbles,
each bubble has a character of its own.
When they burst,
the most essential ingredient of the bubble was the air.
Where is it? It’s all there (Gestures). So, this (Gestures) 
is all air and the bubble is a piece of air.
Similarly, this (Gestures) is all life, 
this whole cosmos is a living cosmos,
here (Referring to oneself), I’m a piece of life.
And I… This is…
Life has given me this privilege
that I can hold this piece of life within myself and experience it as if I am by myself, everything.
This is a fantastic privilege but
we should not abuse this (Laughs).
David Eagleman: And do you see that as being illusory –
the idea that you’re a piece of life and I’m a piece of life,
given that we share atoms
and when I’m breathing out and you’re breathing in and so on, we’re exchanging atoms – do you?
David Eagleman: Do you… Do you see that
as an illusion that there is a you and a me
or is that… are we all the same life?
Sadhguru: See, the thing is right now,
you know all these apps have come and different kinds of softwares have come.
So, this is easy to understand today because people 
are using this as if they are live, okay?
And they’re alive in their own way because
a certain amount of information has been calibrated in a certain way to do certain things and it’s almost alive.
I think most people have a better relationship with their WhatsApp than with their family (Laughter), okay?
Yes (Laughs), people are so engaged with it
because it has a character of its own and it’s even predicting what’s the next word you will type (Laughter),
which your family cannot do, your friends cannot do, probably (Both Laugh).
So, this (Referring to oneself) is just like that.
It has accumulated a certain amount of information.
This vast life that’s available, 
around it we formed a bubble.
This is my bubble (Gestures),
that’s your bubble (Gestures).
What is the content of the bubble? It’s the same stuff.
But what is the surface of the bubble?
My surface is entirely different from yours
and it has its own characteristic, it has
its own flavor, it has its own tendencies.
So this is an unconscious software that every one of us are building with phenomenal amount of information
that we are acquiring as we sit here.
The five senses are gathering a 
phenomenal amount of…
The amount of information that one 
gathers in twenty-four hours of time,
if you spend a million years, you can’t process it,
that much information we are gathering.
This is what traditionally we refer to as karma. Tch,
it’s all twisted out in America, I’m seeing (Laughter) –
the word karma – everybody is 
calling themselves karma now.
Now, people are named karma, I heard
some people were named karma (Laughter).
So, we will… Suppose, we see right now,
the… We don’t know how the outside weather also…
It’s quite good I think in the evening. At least the air conditioning is good, everything is nice, you’re fine.
Nobody is troubling you here
but you’re sitting here miserably.
Tch, then we say, “Ayyo, it’s his karma.”
What it means is – the word karma 
literally translates as action or doing.
So, we say, “Who you are right now is
 entirely your doing.”
The way you have structured yourself, 
knowingly or unknowingly,
the kind of womb that you were born in is also an unconscious choice
because you created a certain type of tendencies, that’s where you moved, in search of that kind of tendencies,
what… what facilitates that.
So, this software is building up
all the time unconsciously,
so only thing that I want to say now is –
whatever you can do unconsciously, if you are willing,
if you are willing,
you can do the same thing consciously.
If you can build so much software unconsciously,
if you’re willing, you can restructure that consciously.
I can show you millions of people
who restructure themselves in a matter of few weeks.
I can show you a few people where the very shape of their face will change in twenty-four hours’ time,
simply because they start a certain process.
Entirely, their whole personality is altered within a matter
of one or two days of doing certain processes
because distancing yourself from your genetic memory, there’s an entire process.
Most Indians have forgotten, 
otherwise it was there in every family.
Whenever somebody dies or 
even when your parents are alive,
there are processes how to distance yourself from your genetic memory because this is very important.
If you want to be a unique fresh bubble (Laughs) of your own,
then you must distance yourself from genetic memory.
Otherwise you will see at eighteen, you’re a great rebel,
you don’t want to be like your parents and this and that,
you see when you are forty-five, suddenly you start walking like your father, talking like your mother
(Laughter), stuff is happening to you. You don’t know because don’t underestimate these people (Laughter).
They won’t give up so easily. Your grandfather may be dead and gone but the guy wants to live through you.
So, the thing is to distance yourself from genetic memory so that
you don’t become a cyclical pattern of
 repetitiveness, you want to be a fresh life.
That means you have to 
recalibrate your software consciously.
Anything that you can do consciously, you can also do…
Anything that you can do unconsciously,
you can also do consciously,
if the necessary striving is there.
David Eagleman: What does it take for people
to have that level of striving?
Sadhguru: It depends how far they want to go. If you…
If somebody comes and asks…
If I want to know the entire –
not the new physics – what has happened till now,
if I want to know, how long does it take?
If a fresh student comes and asks,
is there a time you can say? No, you can say, 
“Okay, start on a science undergrad, let’s see.”
If he does undergrad and he thinks 
he’s beginning to know everything,
then you start telling him, “This is not it.
 You got to do your Masters.”
If he does that, you will say, “Then you have to do your PhD.”
After your PhD, you’re declared 
that you don’t know much (Laughter).
David Eagleman: That’s right, that’s the path of 
wisdom and science – is learning a little every day.
Sadhguru: So, the most… the most basic thing
that one can do, how long does it take means –
the most fundamental thing is, first of all,
to know that there is another dimension of faculty 
within us, that there’s another way of perceiving things,
that there is something beyond, 
not as a belief, not as a conclusion,
not as something that is said in some scripture or by some guru or some teacher or whatever,
but by yourself to know beyond this body, beyond this mind, there is something within you.
This experience, if this has to happen,
I would say if you are willing to dedicate just thirty hours of absolutely focused time – if you give me –
in thirty hours’ time, we can bring you to a place, 
we can give you a tool through which
you know something beyond your physicality.
What that thing is you don’t have to
jump into a conclusion,
but something beyond your physical nature will become alive within you and you know
there is something beyond physical nature. If that is enough inspiration for you to continue your pursuit,
then how long it will take – the entire pursuit?
You cannot say, each individual needs his own (Laughs).
They’re saying enough 
(Referring to few people applauding).
David Eagleman: Okay (Laughter). I have a
message that we’re going to go to Q and A now.
Sadhguru: Oh.
David Eagleman: And Trent, is there a pattern to the Q and A in terms of people getting a microphone
or should they just shout?
Trent: _____ (Inaudible)
David Eagleman: Okay, I see there are microphone runners and people raise their hand, okay.
Sadhguru: I thought they’re announcing dinner time (Laughter).
Questioner: Good evening, Sadhguru. 
So, my question is directed towards you.
So, I’ve heard from you in past that for this path of seeking, one does need a guru,
one needs someone to show the light. So…
So how does one select a guru?
How does one know who’s the right person 
to take him through that path (Laughter)?
David Eagleman: I’ve got an app for that
(Refers to the mobile application) (Laughter).
Sadhguru: See, if I give you a torch light in your hand,
it still does not mean you’re going to find your way home, okay? A torch light just shows.
How you see it, whether you walk the right path, with how you handle this, all this is entirely left to you,
but it lights up.
The torch light lights up so that you don’t step into a drain or you don’t step into ditch, it lights up the place.
But with the torch light, many people have walked to their death, yes? Yes or no? People have.
With head lamps on, they’ve gone and crashed, right?
So, this is just lighting up the place.
What you do is always left to you.
So, which is the best light?
Today I think LED is doing well (Laughter).
So, who is the best light? It is… You should
not make a conclusion like that –
who is the best light on the planet!
I told you give me thirty hours, if it works very well for you, if it enhances your life, then let’s try sixty hours.
If it works really fantastic, let’s try little more.
Let’s go in installments.
I don’t want anybody to be hanging on to me 
thinking I’m their savior or something,
that’s not the way to go for it.
Experiment with it, if it works, let’s put
more energy and more time into it.
If it works further, let’s put more energy and 
more time into it. I think that’s the way to go,
not today coming here and making a decision – 
“Okay, this is my man” (Few laugh)!
This is not marriage, okay (Laughter)?
Questioner: Can I… Right here (Referring to his location).
First, I would ask David for a question now.
I don’t want to discount science from mysticism or mysticism from science.
But what I want to… Through this discussion,
what I had been thinking about is –
as you say you’ve observed,
how can I’ve a question for David first.
Have you ever studied someone who has observed themselves from outside
like suspending yourself from 
within you and observing you?
And to Sadhguru
– what would be the best technique
to achieve that level of human intelligence that you suspend yourself… out of yourself and observe yourself?
David Eagleman: So, it depends exactly what
we mean by observing yourself from the outside.
There is what’s called an “out of body illusion” 
that people can have.
It’s a little complicated to explain the set up but it has to do with wearing some video goggles
and putting a camera behind you 
and so you’re now seeing your body… with your goggles,
you’re seeing your own body there
and you know somebody scratches your back
and you can see your back getting scratched 
over there and you’re feeling it also
but you’re seeing your own body at a distance and this allows people to sometimes have a very clear
experience where their body is there but they feel like 
I am six feet behind over here.
So, there’s a neuroscience group in Europe
that was able to induce this illusion
when people were even lying down
and they… that gave them the opportunity to stick them
into a brain scanner and measure brain activity
while they were having this out of body experience
and thought they were six feet away from their body.
Brain imaging is limited in the sense that
what we can say is – well,
there’re particular sets of Christmas lights that light up
when you’re having that kind of experience
but unfortunately, that’s where science gets
a little bit stuck
because we can describe the neural 
correlates of subjective experience
but we don’t know yet why they’re identical
to that subjective experience.
So, the answer to your question is it has been measured
but the answer is not satisfying.
Sadhguru: I must tell you my experience of this.
I don’t subject to these indignities anymore.
Many years ago, it happened that somebody wanted to…
I was in some institute in India and
it was a little bit of an obligation, I said, “Okay.”
They wanted to study my…
you know, measure my gamma waves in my brain.
I did not know I had gamma waves in my brain (Laughter).
They said, “No, you have. We want to study, 
you meditate.” I said, “I don’t know any meditation.”
They said, “You teach meditation to everybody” (Laughter).
I said, “Yes, I teach them because they
don’t know how to sit still (Laughter).
You teach them methods of sitting still.
If you want I’ll sit still.”
But their problem is their scientific study, they want the name of the meditation, the method
and what happens to the gamma waves, something. That’s how the process is.
Then I sat still, they put some 
fourteen electrodes to me and I sat there.
After some time, maybe fifteen-twenty minutes, they… with some metallic object they started hitting my knee.
I thought, “Okay, part of their experiment”
and I sat there.
Then they… my ankles… You know that… 
That funny place, that very painful place?
David Eagleman: Yeah (Laughs).
Sadhguru: They’re hitting that place. I thought, “Okay it’s their experiment, damn experiment is painful” (Laughter)
but it became very persistent and extremely painful.
Then, I slowly opened my eyes,
“Okay, why am I being beaten up like this” (Laughter)?
I opened my eyes and they were all 
giving me a weird look.
I said, “Did I do something wrong?” They said, “According to our instruments, you are dead” (Laughter).
I said, “That’s a great diagnosis” (Laughter)
and then they said,
“You’re either dead or you’re brain dead.”
I said, “No, no, that’s too insulting.
I’ll take the first diagnosis.
I’m dead, I’m okay (Laughter).
If you give me a certificate that I am dead, I can live that (Laughter). If you give me a certificate I’m brain dead,
that’s not a good thing” (Laughs).
So I don’t know what this thing was about
 but what I’m saying is –
all instruments created by us are definitely lesser instruments than this one (Referring to oneself).
It can’t be more than that.
Though a telephone can speak that far (Gestures) 
and I can only speak this far (Gestures), all this,
but they are lesser instruments in terms of sophistication.
In terms of a particular action, 
they may be bigger than us.
A bicycle can go… run faster than I can run,
a motorcycle can go much faster, where… there is an aircraft which can fly – yes, all that is there.
But in terms of sophistication, there cannot be anything more sophisticated than who we are
because we cannot create something more sophisticated than ourselves.
Whatever we create will be a byproduct of who we are.
So, in that context, using instruments to measure… 
Yes, you can… You can very easily fool the brain.
You know it’s a… It’s very simple.
There’re many, many techniques like this in yoga like, 
I mean, David is talking about…
Sadhguru: He was talking to me about how you could trick the mind that a smell can become a sound,
a sound can become something else.
There are whole lot of…
Without all these gadgets, there are many 
ways that you could trick the human mind
and the magicians of the world have mastered these things, you know? Simply like this (Gestures),
they pick things out of your pocket without 
you knowing what’s happening to you?
Because there is a certain way that you can use the faculty to go behind that and do certain things.
That apart,
in terms of fundamental sophistication,
there is nothing more sophisticated than this gadget (Referring to oneself).
This is the gadget (Referring to oneself)
and this is the only form of experience
you have with the world.
When I say this is the only form of experience you have – right now can you see me, all of you?
Participants: Yes.
Sadhguru: Just use your hands and point out
where am I? Ohh! You’ve got it all wrong.
You know  I’m a mystic from South India (Laughter), tch.
Now, this light is falling upon me, reflecting, 
inverted image in the retina, you know the whole story?
Where do you see me now?
Within yourself.
Where do you hear me now?
Within yourself.
Where have you seen the whole world?
Within yourself.
Everything that ever happened to you,
happened only within you.
Right now, someone next to you, if they touch your hand,
you think you’re feeling their hand – no!
You’re only experiencing the sensations in your hand.
You do one thing
– you make somebody touch you like this
(Gestures) five times, just observe this.
After that, no hand, that person is not here
– simply sit here, you can create the same sensation.
Either you can do it with external stimuli or you can internally manufacture anything that you want.
What you call as mental problems 
or mental diseases is just that
they’re creating many things without external stimuli.
All the time, it’s happening.
It’s happening to everybody in so many different ways.
When it goes out of control, we call it an ailment,
otherwise almost every human being is… various experiences they’re creating without any external stimuli.
If you go through your dream, a dream is as true as a reality when you’re going through it, isn’t it?
I was…
You know, we started a school a few years ago
and this eight year old boy, I just walked into the school, this eight year old boy comes and asks, “Sadhguru,
is life real or is it a dream” (Laughter)?
I looked at him (Laughs) –
this is a eight year old, you have to come with the
truth, you know (David Eagleman laughs)?
I said, “Life is a dream, but dream is true.”
“Go, Sadhguru! You’re always like this only” (Laughter)!
But that’s a fact.
Life is a dream, the way it’s happening 
within you right now, it’s a dream
but the dream is true in your experience.
But this dream, you can make it whichever you want,
whichever way you want, in the sense (Laughs)…
You’re okay for a joke?
David Eagleman: In the sense what (Both laugh)?
Sadhguru: On a certain day, a lady went to sleep.
In her sleep, she had a dream.
In her dream, she saw a hunk of a man
 standing there, staring at her.
Then, he started coming closer and closer and closer.
He came so close, she could even feel his breath 
and she trembled, not in fear (Laughter).
Then she asked, “Whatwill you do to me?”
The man said, “Well lady, it’s your dream” (Laughter)!
Thank you. If you want to say something, please (Laughter).
So, it’s your dream – you can make whatever out of it
and we can make this into a fantastic dream
for ourselves and for everybody on this planet.
Science and technology has done wonderful things
for us to enhance our dreams
but I want the scientists to meditate (Laughter).
Thank you very much (Applause).
David Eagleman: Thank you. Thank you.
Sadhguru: Thank you (Laughs).
David Eagleman: Thanks.
Sadhguru: Thank you.
