The electromagnetic theory and relativeity
is very difficult both in itself and giving
them would have been more difficult. But even
more difficult is to tell the relationship
between these two. So today in this video
I will explain the relationship between these
two theories with the help of a story so before
moving forward I request you to please subscribe
my channel I am very close to 400 subs and
give you like to this video hope you will
do it. so let's begin. If the structure of
physics is a mansion, then the laws introduced
by Newton, Kepler and Galileo are the cornerstones
of that mention. All those who were the the
physicist around 18th and 19th century such
as Euler, Lagrange, Laplace, Faraday and Maxwell
all of them have been trying to direct the
the upward extension of this mention.
But until 1883, when a big jerk is given by
a German physicist Ernest Mach, who first
successfully challenged newtonian thoughts.
He pointed out that the concept of Newton
on space and time was really week. He makes
us to understand that time is necessary measured
by the repeated give motion of some physical
system, for instance the pendulum of a clock
for the revolution of the earth about the
sun, then the properties of time must be connected
with the loss which describes the motions
of physical systems. In other words to understand
the properties of time we must observe the
properties of clocks. So regarding space Mach
argued that as per Newton please can be understand
by measuring rods, to describe the position
in space, but in Mach's view, we need to look
at the nature of the space not to any platonic
ideals.
However, the immediate cause for the overthrow
of newtonian physics was not Mach's criticism.
The difficulties lay with maxwell's electromagnetic
theory. His theory predicted that electromagnetic
disturbances in empty space would propagate
at speed of light. But there ware some conceptual
difficulties. The only waves which were known
to us at that time were mechanical waves,
which needs some medium to propagate like
solid, liquid or gas. For example, a sound
wave in air consists of of higher and lower
region of waves propagating with speed of
330 m/s. But in case of electromagnetic waves
propagation, it seems to be different. At
this time, due to the mentality of classical
mechanics, Eaton everyone had thought that,
there must be some kind of medium in the space
through which the electromagnetic waves travel
and this named it as ether, which interfere
with the motion of the planets, so that the
waves could attain the speed of light. But
maxwell's theory itself made no essential
reference to the ether and he was also not
able to accept the idea of waves propagating
in empty space.
So now I will tell you how the the concept
of ether was wrong. As we know the speed of
sound is relative, if we go towards or away
from the sound its velocity would appear to
be greater or less, which we know as Doppler
effect. So, similarly the same case must be
also applied on the waves of electromagnetism,
where the medium would be ether.
Two physicist Michelson and Morley demonstrated
the most famous unsuccessful Experiment to
detect the ether. After a long research and
with a lot of hard work, they came with an
extremely disappointing results that ether
doesn't exist in this universe.
This experiment shook the foundation of electromagnetic
theory because its basis was based on Newton's
classical mechanics. And which proved as like
it doesn't exist. So finally at last Einstein
came and pointed about that the ether is not
the fault of electromagnetic theory but arising
from an errors in basic dynamical principles.
He argued that since the velocity of light
predicted by electromagnetic theory involves
no reference to medium, so it must be a universal
constant and same for all observers. And later
the same thing become the basis of Einstein's
theory of relativity.
So we can conclude that if the velocity of
light were not a universal constant, that
is, if the ether could be detected then the
principle of relativity would fail.
Some physicists regarded the absence of of
the ether as a paradox, Einstein so that its
absence reserve the simplicity of the principle
of relativity.
So guys that's all for this video please subscribe
my channel and help me to reach 400 subs as
soon as possible and don't go without liking
this video. So at last thank you for watching.
