Now I'm excited.
Now you are?
I'm excited for linguistics!
She's excited!  Tail wagging.
OK.
Structure.  Structure.
Structure.
Hey, it was a warm up.  A warm up.
You understand.  They're warmed up and ready now.
Perfect.  Look at them.  They're ready.  They're warmed up.  Let's proceed.
How do you sign that?
Structure.
Usage.
A second option is like this
I suggest the first one.
A third option is this
Sign.
Sign toward the body,
or sign away from the body.
But don't do this.
Can you do that?
Nah.  Just "sign"
What about pat your head and rub your tummy?
Can you do that?
No.
Fine, OK.
Would you sign "signing"?
A second option is this way
And a third option is...
Sign
Signing
Signing-[skilled]
Or like this.
Language
Sentence/language
Rule
Now...
All of you and the two of us
are going to discuss linguistics.
What is it?
Language rules
I help you understand language rules
How do you sign this?
Control
This?
Communication
System
System
Yes?
You're asking me if I always use both hands
for signing "system"?
I always sign it "system" (2 hands)
not one-handed.
Why?
S-E-M-E-S-T-E-R
Semester.
This is "system."
Rule.
Governed.
Communication.
System.
Understand?
Here's an umbrella,
a rule governed communication system.
There's a list that falls under the umbrella
of different things.
Of what?
Language.
What else?
Know that one?
Yes, M-O-R-S-E C-O-D-E.
That is what?
It's a rule governed communication system used.
Or, you know, a bee
F-handshape
B-E-E
A bee goes out and finds a flower,
it's excited!
It flies back,
then it does a little dance
for the others, who then swarm to the flower
where they harvest the pollen
and take it back home.
That bee's dance
is a rule governed communication system.
Or you know when a plane comes in
there's a person standing there waving flags.
It has rules.
Yes, think of boats.  Correct.
Boats have flags.
Right.
F-L-A-G
What's the sign for F-E-A-T-U-R-E-S?
I don't know.
Fingerspell it?
Benefits?
You say "benefits."
Characteristic?
I propose ...
Or like this.
Different points.
Parts.
Hey,
Maybe 20 years ago, or 25 years ago,
I was your age,
young,
and I went to college.
There was a man
who was the department head
for the language department.
He said,
"Signing is not a language."
Understand?
The F-O-R-E-I-G-N language department head
"Signing does not equal a language."
What should I have said to him?
What do you think?
It has the features.
Yes!
ASL is, itself, a language!
Why?  It has the features
connected to languages.
If I had known the features then,
I would have debated him.
"I told you!"
But I was ignorant of the concept back then.
I could only angrily say, "Yes, it is a language!"
"No, it's not," he said.
I was stuck for words.
So I rolled up my sleeves,
did some digging,
"Aha!"  I found the features.
Now, I propose you all
learn the features of language,
and if someone comes up to you and says,
"Sign language isn't a language,"
you can reply, "Here are the features of language it has."
"Oh, I see!  I take it back."
You can maybe change their mind.
Right.
OK.
What's the sign for that?
Symbol.
S-Y-M-B-O-L
Cat.
Cat.
If I wrote down C-A-T,
what is that?
It's a symbol.
If I write down C-A-T,
C... A... T....
What's that? A symbol.
It means this animal right here.
If I speak the word "cat"
"C-A-T"
That sound
is a symbol
that means this (cat).
Drama.
You signed "drama."  Good.
Maybe.
Drama... maybe...
You understand, those are symbols.
The words have rules.
What rules?
Drama...
Maybe...
What rules?
The hands have the same... shape?
I understand.  You're right, fine.
She said that "drama"
both hands have the A-handshape.
Both move.
B-O-T-H
Both.
Move.
Drama.
Maybe.
Both the same.
Same.
How would you sign that?
Don't know that?
Don't know.
Condition.
Same condition.
Symmetry condition.
S-Y-M-M-E-T-R-Y C-O-N-D-I-T-I-O-N
Same (symmetry) condition.
Can you guys think of other signs that have symmetry condition?
Come on, come on.
Feast.
Same.  Good.
More.
Animal.
A-N-I-M-A-L
Good.  You?
Gratitude.  Thank you, thank you, thank you!
Sure.
Happy.
Happy.  Good.
Excited.
Enjoy.
E-N-J-O-Y
I have a question for you all.
Think of a sign
where both hands move
but have different hand shapes.
Hmmm?
Nah, that's the same.
I want it to have different.
Both hands move,
different hand shapes.
Yeah, sort of.  Good.  Help.
Help.
Yes.
I'd like a good one that
breaks the rules of symmetry condition a little bit.
If the bottom hand came up from underneath...
If this hand was here,
and the other came up...
It's not really moving.
I help you, yes.  Good one.
It broke the rules a little bit.
More.
Yes, show.
Help and show.
It's hard to think of them, right?
Garage?
Ah, but this hand isn't moving.
Right!  It's hard to think of them!
The rules say, "Can't do that."
So you're left thinking like crazy.
Or you think, "Uhh, drama!"
"Maybe..."
"...Happy..."
"...Gratitude..."
"Response."
It's easy to match the rules of symmetry condition
but to think of two different hand shapes,
that breaks the rule.
It's hard to think of them.
So what does this mean?
Signing--ASL--has the rule called
Symmetry Condition.
Symmetry (same) condition.
Word.
They look different.
That one doesn't move.
S-T-A-Y
It stays.
Money.
That stays.  It doesn't move.
Hey, I have two hands. Here, here.  Right, left.
I eat, I write,
I throw with my right hand.
What is my right hand, then?
D-O-M-I-N-A-N-T
Yay!  Correct.
It's strong. D-O-M-I-N-A-N-T.  Strong.
Strong hand.
So what's the other one called?
Weak hand.
Or not strong hand.
D-O-M-I-N-A-N-T, I don't like that sign.
Superior hand? Strong hand?
How do you sign "dominant"?
Me, too!  Same.
I'm having a little fun with them.
Strong hand, yeah?
Strong (dominance) condition.
Dominance condition.
Now I'm going to test them, OK?
You!  Hey, you.  What's your name?
Spell it.
C-...A-S-H-L-E-Y?  OK
A-S-H-L-E-E?
Fine.  This morning I an Ashley,
but you're Ashlee.  OK.
Give me an example of Dominance Condition.
Yes, give me an example...
E-X-A-M-P-L-E
...of Dominance Condition.
You don't understand?  That's fine.
Take a breath.
You can pass to the next person.
You, what's your name? Spell it.
Karen.
Yes, fine.
Give me an example of "Dominance Condition."
Ha! Yay!
Good!
Oh, fine.
You can't think of a different one.  It's OK.
Now...
Garage.
P-A-R-K.
C-O-N-D-I-T-I-O-N
Music?
Same hand shapes.
Think of it as ...
That says if one hand moves,
this hand stays...
Think of more.
This.
T-H-I-S
Or O-W-E.
Owe.  O-W-E.
Major.
Yeah, but that ....
OK, over here you have Dominance Condition
...and here you have Symmetry Condition.
Sometimes a sign uses both hands
that have the same handshape
and both move.
But it's not connected to Symmetry Condition
or to Dominance Condition.
OK, I'll ask you if you know an example
of Symmetry Condition.
"Money" is not the same.
Two different handshapes.
It needs to have the same handshape.
Proceed.
Or "bring to"?  "Proceed"?
Proceed.
P-R-O-C-E-E-D
Proceed.
Yes, "rain."
Drive.
It's easy!  The examples keep popping to mind.
There are many that are correct.
Interesting.
B-A-S-O-C-1-5
I suggest...
"Dominance Condition"
If you have a strong hand, like my right,
you also have a base.  B-A-S-E.
A base hand. My left.
For example,
"establish."
Establish.
E-S-T-A-B-L-I-S-H
E-S-T-A-B-L-I-S-H
Whatever, I can think of many diff--
Hold on.  Take a breath.
OK.
My point is that
this base hand in "establish"...
...what is this?
What is that?
Flat-B-handshape... a B-handshape.
Right.
Here.
Oh, I see.
OK.
This weak hand is limited.
L-I-M-I-T
Limit.
To these here.
They tend to.  If I sign,
"Help."
There's a B-handshape.
Or if I sign "punish"
P-U-N-I-S-H
Punish.
There's an A-handshape.
So the base tends toward these shapes.
Right.  If it's a base,
it will be one of these. Right.
It won't be some imagined shape,
it will be one of these.
It's stuck.  It's limited.
For example,
busy.
Busy.
There's a B.
Punish.
There's an A!
Work.
A.  Or S.
Work.
An old sign is this.
Tomato.
It's from way back.
The new sign is "tomato."
Tomato.
But it doesn't matter.
"O" and "1."
The old sign has the O-handshape
I don't know.
Oo, you're close.
Communist.
Communist.
Or like this?
How do you sign it?
Like this, you tend to?
I sign it like this.
You might see this sign.
It's fine, too.
It has the sickle and the hammer.
It looks like the communist flag.
Anyway, the point?
C-handshape.
OK.
Can't.
Can't.
Yeah, so.  B-A-S-O-C-1-5
It's the "1."
Paper.
Paper.
5-handshape.
Paper.
Right, there are two hands
one moves,
and the weak hand looks like what?
But I'm talking about TWO hands
ONE moves
and one stays still.
In "paper," it's this hand here.
It looks like what?
B-A-S-O-C-1-5
5?  5!
They both have the 5-handshape.
Whew!
What does "linguistics" mean?
Rule... communication...
Rules for communication...and language.
It's really the study
The study of language.
Right.
Linguistics is the study connected to language.
What does "language" mean?
Language itself, what does it mean?
I don't know.
OK, hold on.
The topic of linguistics,
L-I-N-G-U-I-S-T-I-C-S,
we're setting that aside.
Language.
It means if it's a language.  OK.
THAT is linguistics.  The study of.
Language itself?
"Language" itself means...
If you want to pass, call on someone.
I pass!
"Language." What does "language" mean?
You?
A rule governed communication system.
That's what it is.
Your first answer was fine.
"Linguistics" means the study of language.
"Language" means a rule governed communication system.
Well, it's one under an umbrella
It has many rule governed communication systems.
Not only one.
It has many.
What's an example of a rule governed communication system?
Give me an example.
Do you remember?
Language is one example.
What are some of the others?
You?
Sentence structure...
I think that is more rules.
But I want some examples of communication systems
other than language.
Gestures?
Maybe.
M-O-R-S-E C-O-D-E
Aha!  Morse Code.
That's a system.
Bees.
Bees' dances.
That's a system.
Flags.
A system.
So all of these
are rule governed communication systems.
Language is more than just
a rule governed communication system,
but it has each of the features.
You?
English different (rules) than Spanish?
Right.
OK, now.  You all tell me
one rule related to signing ASL.
Strong hand and weak hand?
What rule?
The strong hand moves
and the weak hand stays.
There's a big word--
B-I-G W-O-R-D
--big word for that.  What's that big word?
Language.
Our rules, hey,
rules for that.
Aha! Dominance Condition.
Thank you.
That was your example.
She said the big word
for your sentence
is "Dominance Condition."
Yay!  Good job.
More rules.  Come on.
Symmetry Condition.
Symmetry Condition, right.
Now we have two examples of rules.
Dominance Condition
and Symmetry Condition.
OK.
Fine.  It's a good start.
The sign for that is "alternating."
Movement.  Alternating movement.
Alternating movement.
Hey, give me an example of alternating movement.
Drama.  Good!
Drama.
One hand goes up
while the other one goes down.
Drama.
Excited. Right.
Now
I'm asking you all to give me
examples of NOT alternating movement.
Movement with both hands.
Yeah, fine.   "Same old, same old."
Life.
Life.
During.
Can.
Happen.
Fine. Good job, everyone.
What that means is not all signs
for Symmetry Condition
must have alternating movement.
Now, other rules?
Another rule says you can have alternating movement.
You can have it with or without alternating movement.
Maybe.
What is that one?  Alternating movement.
Example?
During.
Right!  Good.
It's not an alternating movement.
Can.
Play.
Play.
More?
Party.
Party, party.
Example.
Symbol.
Either.
I don't know.
Anyone know that one?
If you know what "arbitrary" means, raise your hand.
How do you sign "arbitrary"?
I feel arbitrary now.
I... feel...
No, no.  I'm teasing, I'm teasing!
That word A-R-B-I-T-R-A-R-Y means
that it's not planned, it's not connected.
It just happened.  Just showed up.
Random.
R-A-N-D-O-M
It doesn't have meaning.
So, no true meaning.
Not this.
For example,
why did your parents name you "Kate"?
I don't know... it just popped up.
It just happened.
Just pulled it out of the air with no reason.
Spell your name.
Karen.
Why did your parents give you that name?
It just happened.  Just chose it.
Not a reason for it.
Who has a reason for their name?
You?
Your mom...
her favorite book...
C-H-A-R-A-C-T-E-R
Character. Character.
Her favorite book's character's name
Jenna.
Ok, so, her mom was like,
"Wow, this book!  I'm reading...
Oh, I like this character!
C-H-A-R-A-C-T-E-R
Her name is Jenna.  Cool."
Then she becomes pregnant,
she gives birth,
and names the baby Jenna.
So your  name is not arbitrary.
Your name is connected, related,
to that book.
I-C-O-N-I-C
What does that mean?
Do you have an idea what that means?
Ok, I'll help you.
You know your laptop
has a screen
with a bunch of little pictures.
What are those called?
I-C-O-N
Why?  Well, they look like...
...if I see a book in that little picture,
I click the icon, and a reading program opens.
It shows a picture of what it looks like.
Look like.
L-O-O-K L-I-K-E
Look...
Same.
Abbreviated to "look like."
Look like.
How do you sign that?
Show up.
Nothing...
Just happened.
No reason for happening.
No reason to happen.
Good.
Look like.
Look like.  Represent.
Now we're going to discuss signing ASL.
Do you feel that ASL
is chosen, just happens, no reason...
"arbitrary,"
or do you think it's iconic? Which?
Look like.
Some look like.
Give me an example of an iconic sign.
Fish.
It looks like a fish.
If I look down into the water
at the animal with gills swimming along
in the water there? I'll sign "fish."
"Eat" looks like the act of eating.
Looks like, kind of.
Drink.  Cold.
Now, I challenge you
C-H-A-L-L-E-N-G-E
you all to think on this challenge:
not iconic.
Tell me an arbitrary sign.
School?
No, it's iconic.
Over in E-N-G-L-A-N-D
England
the teacher would stand smartly
and clap their hands for order in the classroom.
To get the students to pay attention.
Water?
What about "water"?
"Water" has the "W"
and so is connected to the English word "water."
Yeah.
It looks like a W.
Search?
S-E-E-K or S-E-A-R-C-H
Oh!  "Cousin."  Thank you, thank you for being patient with me.
Good...  It means a boy
"boy" looks like "hat,"
"girl" looks like "bonnet"
aunt... uncle...
cousin.
There is a series of connections
that leads us to "cousin."
But you did good.
You?
Egg?
Nope, it looks like cracking an egg.
Good try.
I have a suggestion for you.  Ready?
Yes.
Cool.  It's in-depth.
OK, I suggest...
F-O-R
For.
What for.
It's arbitrary.
Why?
What?
My point is, if someone says to you,
"Is ASL iconic or arbitrary?"
You'd tell them what?
Both.
Both.
Right. Both.
Girl.
Looks like a bonnet from years ago.
Man.
Boy.
Boy?
Man.
Years ago, this sign later became
this sign, and still later
the sign for "man."
I see.
Wrong.
Wrong.
Is it iconic or arbitrary?
Maybe arbitrary.
Lousy.
Lousy.  Why?
Why is "lousy" signed like that?
I don't know.
Right.
Just because.
It just showed up.
You sign it "lousy" because you had a teacher
in the past who told you to sign it like that.
I wanted an "A."
Sometimes in ASL 1 or 2
I tell them "house" or "baby," etc.
And then I sign "for."
The students say, "Hey!
Why is it signed like that?"
And I say, "Because I said so."
English.
I don't know.
Have you ever signed "cock-a-doodle-do"?
C-O-C-K-A-D-O-O-D-L-E-D-O
Hey, I'll help.  Ready?
Crow.
Crow.
That's how you'd sign that.
My point is that it is not an ASL sign.
It's English.
It's a weird word.
What are these different words for?
Oh!  That sounds like!
It's a spoken word.
If a person hears the crowing,
they hear it spoken like,
"cock-a-doodle-do."
You can kind of call it iconic...
kind of...
but it's not a picture.
But it sounds like.
So, look like is iconic.
Sounds like is called...
It's a big word.
B-I-G W-O-R-D
Ready?
Gotta stretch first.
((Note:Bill spells "onamatopoeia" here but later corrects to "onomatopoeia."))
((Captions will use correct spelling))
O-N-O-M-A-T-O-P-O-E-I-A
Who caught that, raise your hand.
Show me, let me see.
O...N...M... blah.
You can't.  It slipped your mind.
Good try.
Next person's turn.
Can't spell it, but you know the word.
Fine.
OK, who can spell it?
Ready again?
O-N-O-M-A-T-O-P-O-E-I-A
Take a breath.  Relax.
OK.
Choo-choo.
Like the crowing.  The engineer pulls the chain: "choo-choo."
Both are onomatopoeia.
That.
That.
Ready?
So close!
O-N-O-M-A-T-O-P-O-E-I-A
You had two of the letters flip-flopped.
O-N-O...M-A-T-O... P-O-E-I-A
Ready?
O-N-O
M-A-T-O
P-O-E-I-A
O-N-O-M-A-T-O-P-O-E-I-A
Yay!
Thank you.
ump... rump...
dump... hump...
mump...
bump...
The point is that it is English.
These similar endings
-ump,  -ump,  -ump,
they're locked together
-ump.
They're all the same. That's English.
What's that called?
P-H-O-N-E-S-T-H-E-S-I-A
P-H-O-N-E-S-T-H-E-S-I-A
Sounds like?  Nah, that's not what that is.
Sounds like real life.
These have similar meanings.
All of them have the concept of this shape.
All of them are like that.
The same characteristic.
This is O-N-O-M-A-T-O-P-O-E-I-A
Sounds like.
-ump, rump, dump, etc.
These have the same general meaning.
The idea I propose to you all...
ASL...
has what representations?
25-handshape
Empty-minded.
Empty.
Depressed.
Rude.
Kind of like that.
Tell me one rule of ASL.
Anything.
Dominance Condition.
Yay!  Good.
Tell me another rule of ASL.
Symmetry Condition.
Fine.  The third one?  Give me one more.
Alternating movement?
More rules.
Onomatopoeia
iconic
Or "look like."
I'll give you 2 or 3 more concepts
and then we'll call class closed.
OK, in the past, there was a large column that goes up to a bushy top.
What's that?
T-R-E-E
T-R-E-E?  Right.
But do I cut it down and bring it to you to show you?  Nah.
I want to show you how I would schematize
How I would look at that tree
and represent it with my arm and hand.
It becomes a sign.
It's called "schematized."
We have jotted it down
E-N-C-O-D-E
That means it has become a sign.
Different.
Student.
"Student," that's ASL.
T-H-A-I
Their sign for "student" is this:
That other rule means
this language and this language
are different.
Different symbols.
OK.
We'll meet in the other classroom
at 1:00.
308
Every Wednesday.
You guys don't need to come here on Monday.
If you watch online,
you can watch.
I'll explain more on Wednesday.
But I encourage you to come here.  It'd be good
for video recording
whatever.
Plus, she can get up and go
if you volunteer to take her place.  That'd be fine.
I'd appreciate it. Please.
She can have off.  Jenna, if you want
to sit here, that'd be fine.
She won't resist!
She'll be happy to go.
Understand? OK.
One more thing...
Yes... my... book
Who has the linguistics book?
Who has it with you?
FIne.  Show them the book?
Hold it up.
That one.
I'm using the 5th ed.,
hey, you can use the 4th edition.
You can.  Understand?
But it would be a bit better
if you have the new one.  The page numbers will match.
But there aren't a lot of changes between 4 and 5.
I don't mind.
(out of frame)... who?  The author.
OK
More questions?
OK, we're out of time.
I'll let you guys get out of here.
See you Wednesday.
