Welcome to Lankan Tutor and we're at Biology
1.2.
We do recommend that you guys do use the site
as it does have written tutorials for you
which can help you through the process.
So let's get into the scientific method, now
this is the final part of the first unit and
after that we will be done.
The scientific method is a standard sequence
of steps, normally followed by Scientists
or biologists all over the world - to investigate
a particular event or problem.
This could be in the field of biology or in
your day to day life.
It's an organised pattern of investigation.
That is the definition of the scientific method,
it's a bit hard to remember, but don't worry
you don't really have a choice - you have
to remember that.
So, how exactly does the scientific method
work?
Let's work this with an example; you walk
into a room and it's completely dark and the
first thing you need to do is, make an observation.
The observation is, that the room is dark.
Now based upon that observation, you make
hypothesis's.
Let's jump into a few hypothesis's right now,
the first one is there is an outage of power,
that could be the reason why the room is dark.
The second one is, that the bulb is switched
off.
The third hypothesis is that there is bulbs,
but the bulbs are burnt out and..the fourth
hypothesis
is that you suddenly went blind.
If you want to know what hypothesis is, the
best way to remember it as a potential explanation
to a cause.
So now you have the 4 hypothesis's, you come
to the
experiment, for the experiment you turn on
the switch - and there is still no power.
Now you can reject the 2nd hypothesis, that
we derive from the first, from the observation
which is the
bulb is switched off, hence the bulb can not
be switched off, if the light is switched
on.
SO we remove the 2nd hypothesis, and we have
3 left.
You look in another room and you can see can
that the other room is well lit and there
is power.
So with that evidence or with that experiment,
we can reject hypothesis 1, that there is
a power outage and we can reject hypothesis
4
in which you were blind.
So the only hypothesis is that..there are
bulbs but the bulbs are burnt out.
So this hypothesis, becomes your prediction,
after you make a prediction
you can send it through another series of
experiments, either to confirm or reject the
hypothesis.
So for the experiment - you take the bulb
and fit it in a different socket
the previous socket, in the other room , where
it did give out light and it was previously
working and then you see it still doesn't
light up and then you accept the hypothesis
3
as the theory and confirm your prediction.
If it were rejected how ever, you'll be going
back to stage 2, it was about building hypothesises
and you cycle again and again, till you come
up
with a solid answer.
If an answer is accepted, for a long period
of time, that theory becomes a law.
So, that is generally the scientific method,
it's what we knowingly or unknowingly
use to confirm something as fact, if take
an observation - you wonder why that is happening
in such a way, you back it up with theories
and you do experiments again and again and
again
and remove every hypothesis you can possible
can, until you have one left.
Now during these experiments there is something
called setting up a control -
a control is basically what you use to differentiate
the experiment that you're using.
Let me give you an example, let's take that
- you're taking a plant and putting it under
a bucket,
and you're going to prevent it from sunlight,
now for us to know that the effects that are
happening are because of the sunlight, you
also need to have another plant - which is
just like that
except you don't place a bucket over the second
plant.
Now in this situation, the second plant which
doesn't have a bucket on it, will be acting
as the control.
SO you would know that, it's not because of
the plant that the, whatever your observation
and conclusion you derive from this, was not
effected because of the plant but it was because
of the bucket
that you placed on top of it and how that
caught sunlight.
You know this because, you have a control
- that is the main reason that you can use
controls in experiments too, it's another
way to prove your point and to figure out
problem.
So finally, the scientific method, if you
were to explain it - this is how you would
go about doing it.
It's the identification of a problem, which
then forms the basis - of a systematic
observation.
Posing questions and formulating hypothesis
based on them.
Testing the hypothesis by conducing experiments,
with controls where necessary.
Making prediction and testing them by further
experiments confirming predictions supported
by evidence and observation and finally formulating
a theory - which may be modified in the
light of your knowledge.
SO that is it guys, that is the end of the
entire first unit - thank you guys for watching
and if you did enjoy this video or you found
it informative,
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Again, we will see you next time on Unit 2,
Unit 2 is the cellular basis of life.
Subtitles produced by Faizan Raja, please
do leave comments.
Thank you.
