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Hook:
Elon gave us all an update on SpaceX’s plans
to colonize Mars, build a base on the Moon,
and let people travel anywhere across the
planet in around 30 minutes.
And it all depends on the BFR.
The Big, uh, Freaking Rocket.
Introduction:
For the last couple of episodes, we’ve talked
about NASA’s plans to explore deep space,
with the Space Launch System and the Deep
Space Gateway.
That’s fine and all, but many of you wanted
to know how all this would compare to what
SpaceX is planning for the colonization of
space.
It had been a while since we got an update
from Elon Musk, but on Friday we got a big
announcement from the SpaceX CEO, and it kind
of makes your head spin.
At the International Astronautical Congress
in Australia - the home of the newly announced
Australian Space Agency, congrats Australia,
you totally deserved it.
What what I saying?
Oh right, at the IAC, Elon Musk announced
what they’ve been working on since last

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year’s announcement of the Interplanetary
Transport Ship.
All of SpaceX’s current rocket fleet: the
Falcon 9, the Falcon Heavy, the Dragon spacecraft,
it’s all going to be made obsolete by their
“all in” investment to build the one rocket
that’ll do everything: the BFR.
Address the question:
The BFR looks very similar to the previously
announced Interplanetary Transport System
ship that we saw last year, but a little bit
smaller.
It’ll stand 106 metres high, with a mass
of 4,400 metric tons.
About half the height comes from the first
stage booster, and then the rest of the height
comes from the second stage spaceship attached
to the top.
The booster is equipped with 31 Raptor engines,
which will blast off from the reusable launch
platform.
Then the spaceship portion will separate and
continue up to orbit using its own rockets.
Both the booster and ship segments of the
vehicle are designed to be reusable, which

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means they can land, be refueled with methane
and liquid oxygen, and then stacked up for
another flight.
The BFR spaceship won’t even have landing
legs.
SpaceX is so confident on their ability to
land that the rocket will return precisely
to its launch structure, and be clamped down
before it falls over.
In its proposed configuration, the BFR should
be capable of delivering 150 tonnes into low
Earth orbit.
Compare this to 22 tonnes for the Falcon 9
and you can see this is an enormous boost
in launch capability.
In fact, this is even more than the Saturn
V or the Space Launch System in its Block
2 capacity.
But the BFR will be fully reusable.
The lower booster stage will return to its
launch mount, and the upper stage can too.
If the rocket is launched without reusability
in mind, it’ll be able to loft 250 tonnes.

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Here’s where it gets really interesting.
The ship is equipped with 2 thrusters used
in atmosphere and 4 thrusters used in vacuum.
It can make a powered landing back on Earth,
using either of its redundant thrusters.
Or it could make a powered landing on a world
with much less atmosphere, like the Moon,
Mars, or I don’t know…
Europa?
There are a bunch of features that Musk announced,
which will make the BFR a very useful vehicle
for a variety of missions.
It’ll have fully automated rendezvous and
docking, which means that upper stages will
be capable of docking together, and transferring
fuel.
One ship could launch, fully loaded with the
crew and life support supplies, while a second
spacecraft could launch with the fuel.
Then they could dock, transfer fuel, and the
crewed vehicle could fly to the Moon or Mars
carrying dozens of people.
The spaceship has a massive cargo capacity,
which means that it can launch satellites

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with a 9-meter diameter.
The Hubble Space Telescope is only 2.6 meters
in diameter, and James Webb will be 6.5 metres
in diameter.
In other words, bigger and heavier than anything
else in space right now.
For humans going to space, the BFR spaceship
will contain 825 cubic meters of pressurized
volume, enough room for 40 cabins, common
areas, central storage, and a kitchen.
It’ll even have a shelter to protect the
crew from solar storms that might be passing
through the area.
Just for comparison, this is the same as the
internal volume of the entire International
Space Station, but in one launch, fully reusable.
Again, the mind boggles.
Patreon Bumper
Now you know what the BFR is and how it’s
going to work, it’s time to talk about what
SpaceX is going to do with it.
But first I’d like to thank:
Cat Stevens
Aireyean (Air-Re-Yin) Smith
Francis Frey

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And the rest of our 777 patrons for their
generous support.
If you love what we’re doing and want to
get in on the action, head over to patreon.com/universetoday.
Bend their minds:
What can be done with a rocket this big?
During his announcement, Musk gave us a few
hints.
For starters, obviously, the rocket will be
used for delivering cargo and satellites to
space.
In fact, the even though it’ll be the largest
rocket ever built, its reusability will bring
the launch costs down below the current Falcon
9.
With its vacuum and atmospheric engines, the
BFR spaceship could be sent to the Moon, to
support the new resurgence of interest in
going back to the Moon.
Of course, Musk wants to see the BFR go to
Mars.
When the BFR spaceship refuels in space, it
should be able to carry 450 tonnes of crew
and cargo to the surface of the Red Planet.
Once there, solar powered generators will
be able to make rocket fuel from water and
carbon dioxide to power a return trip to Earth.

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In fact, this same process would be making
fuel here on Earth, using a carbon neutral
solar power to make methane.
If all goes well, SpaceX will launch its first
two uncrewed BFRs to Mars in 2022, to test
out the technology and search for deposits
of water on Mars.
Those will be followed by 4 more in 2024 including
a human crew, who will begin the creation
of the new Mars colony.
And I’m not going to lie, this sounds like
a stretch.
SpaceX needs to build and test an entirely
new reusable rocket system at a scale we’ve
never seen before.
In addition to that, they need to develop
the technology for extracting fuel on Mars.
And to make the 2024 launch window, they need
to develop all the various hardware and techniques
for actually living on Mars: power, fuel,
plumbing, electronics, closed-loop air systems.
Not to mention training astronauts to survive
in an environment humans have never even set

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foot on.
Even if the BFR does arrive on schedule, I
suspect all these details will bog engineers
down for decades.
How will SpaceX pay for the development of
the BFR and colonization equipment.
Musk said they’ll be funding it with upcoming
private and government contracts.
And they’re going “all in”, sunsetting
all the older rocket models, including the
Falcon 9 and the still, yet to be launched
Falcon Heavy.
They’ll keep a few of the old Falcon rockets
around if a customer wants to launch on old
flight-tested hardware.
But perhaps the strangest way they could fund
the development of the BFR is with Earth-to-Earth
suborbital rocket launches carrying travelers
from place to place here on Earth.
In a slick video, SpaceX showed how the BFR
could carry people from pretty much any city
to any other city on Earth in around 30 minutes.
Although Musk didn’t say exactly how much
this’ll cost, he’s hinted that the price

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will be roughly the cost of a similar economy
airline flight.
And with the redundant rocket engines, he
thinks these suborbital flights should be
as safe as commercial airlines.
And that’s where I’m going to get really
really skeptical.
Rockets are pretty much controlled explosions.
Suborbital flights are still going at thousands
of kilometers per hour, and any mistake means
destruction and death of everyone on board.
There’s a lot of work to be done to make
these things truly safe and affordable.
Probably not within the timeframe to get that
Mars colony up and running.
There is another idea that SpaceX is working
on, however, that I think will cover the costs:
high speed internet for everyone on the planet.
Earlier this year SpaceX announced that they’re
working on a constellation of nearly 5,000
satellites that will go into low Earth orbit.
These would fly at an altitude of 1,100 km
or higher and deliver the same kind of bandwidth
as a broadband fiber optic line.

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Imagine what kinds of revenue SpaceX could
generate if they could supply competitive
internet to every single human on Earth?
And this kind of constellation could be done
with just a dozen launches of the BFR.
In fact, that’s what I think SpaceX is betting
on.
If they can truly build a fully reusable rocket,
bringing launch costs down to a fraction of
their current levels, we have no idea what
ideas suddenly become affordable.
Space based power generation?
Asteroid mining?
Space tourism?
Suborbital flights?
Interplanetary colonization?
Conclusion:
Is this really going to happen?
Obviously, we need to be skeptical.
The promises Elon Musk made about the BFR
are mind bending.
Humans on Mars by 2024?
Come on!
At the same time, we need to look at the 16
rockets that landed back safely back on Earth
as proof that SpaceX has some skills when
it comes to building and flying rockets.

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And yet the Falcon Heavy is years behind schedule,
with SpaceX planning to retire this rocket
before it even gets built.
We know that SpaceX has seen its share of
failures and setbacks, teetering on the edge
of bankruptcy before getting into the launch
business.
We’ve seen their rockets explode, and fail
to land safely on Earth.
But even if things take longer than planned.
Even decades longer than planned, I think
it’s an amazing path Musk is proceeding
on, and I can’t wait to see what happens
next.
And as Musk said in his announcement, “having
a multi-planet species would be better than
a single-planet species.
It would be cool.”
Cool works for me.
Ask for Comments:
How do you feel about this announcement?
Do you think SpaceX will pull it off?
Let me know your thoughts in the comments.
Next Episode:
In our next episode, we’ll be talking about
where comets come from, and what could cause
them to come hurling down into the Solar System
Suggested Playlist
Time for your playlist, all about the new
SpaceX announcement, of course.
First, we’ll start with Elon Musk’s actual
announcement, then the cool video they did
about point-to-point travel on Earth.

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Then a reminder of last year’s Interplanetary
Transport System announcement.
A hilarious video of rocket failures.
Finally Scott Manley’s take on the announcement.

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