This is Democracy Now!
democracynow.org, The War and Peace Report.
I’m Amy Goodman, as we bring you Part 2
of our conversation about the latest news
out of the Environmental Protection Agency, that it has decided not to ban the widely
used pesticide chlorpyrifos, even though the EPA’s own research shows it can cause brain
damage in children.
The substance is sold under the commercial name Lorsban and is banned for household use,
but it’s still used by farmers on more than
50 fruit, nuts, cereal and vegetable crops.
The announcement Thursday came after the Obama administration said it would ban use of the
toxic chemical in 2015.
But the rule never took effect and was suspended under the Trump administration in 2017 by
then-EPA head Scott Pruitt, who was forced
out because of corruption.
This is farmworker Claudia Angulo talking
to Earthjustice about how her son Isaac was
affected by exposure to pesticides during
her pregnancy.
When he was born, I realized that he wasn’t
like other boys.
He was a baby, but he wouldn’t sleep enough.
He’d do little things like always playing
in the same place with the same toys, or he
wouldn’t speak much.
When he started kindergarten, he had an evaluation,
and he was diagnosed with ADHD.
Since I’m the type of person that wants
to know why, I started looking around online.
I started seeing articles saying pesticides
are associated with illnesses in children
and with children being born with these types
of issues.
I also asked the doctor, who told me, “Your
pregnancy has a lot to do with it—what you
ate, where you worked.”
I asked the doctor directly, “Do you think
that the type of work that I did contributed
to my son being born with this condition?”
And he told me, “Yes.”
And they tested his saliva and cut some of
his hair.
Of the 10 children that they tested, three
had high rates of pesticides in their bodies.
But the highest of all of them was Isaac.
His results showed over 50 pesticides in his
body.
Of all of them, the one with the highest concentration
in his body was chlorpyrifos.
For more, we’re joined by Patti Goldman,
managing attorney at Earthjustice, represents
health and labor advocates in a lawsuit against
the EPA’s 2017 decision to not ban chlorpyrifos,
and now the renewed decision this past Thursday.
Patti, give us the chronology of how this
pesticide was challenged, what happened under
the Obama administration and why now it is
going to be continued to be used by farmers
in the country.
Who makes it?
Start there.
Its main manufacturer is Dow Chemical, which
has spun off its pesticide business and now
calls it Corteva.
And as I said, this was a pesticide that was
first developed as a nerve agent and then
turned into a pesticide after World War II.
It attacks anything with a nervous system.
And we’ve known—I’ve worked on these
issues for decades, and we’ve known that
this class of pesticides is extremely dangerous
and archaic, and needs to go.
EPA finally took action in 2000 to end the
home uses, because children were too exposed.
This was the first time EPA looked at children,
in particular, and all the ways that children
are exposed—when they crawl around on the
carpet, put their hands in their mouths, hug
their pets after a flea treatment.
Their exposure was off the charts.
But they left the agricultural uses on the
market, and we’ve been trying to get those
banned ever since.
We filed a petition in 2007.
We had to sue EPA to act on that petition.
Finally, EPA proposed the ban in 2015.
And then, of course, we had a deadline that
took us into the next administration.
It was one of the first acts of Scott Pruitt.
Even before making this decision, he met with
the CEO of Dow.
The CEO contributed a million dollars to President
Trump’s inaugural fund.
Scott Pruitt met with the agricultural trade
group.
And, of course, when the deadline came, he
directed EPA’s staff not to finalize the
ban, tear it up, essentially, and say that
they wanted to study the science for five
more years instead of acting to protect children.
You have said we should look even further
back, to the beginnings of this drug.
You say the roots are back in World War II.
Explain.
Yes.
Well, the Nazi state developed this set of
chemicals to be nerve gases.
Sarin gas is in this family.
But after the war, they realized, well, this
will attack anything with a nervous system.
So, it’s very effective in treating crops
and killing insects.
But if it drifts, of course, it poisons people.
It has the same kind of effect.
What we’ve learned, though, more recently,
is that at even far lower doses than what
will cause acute poisonings, it affects children’s
brains.
It causes permanent damage to children’s
brains—two points of IQ, autism, attention
deficit disorder.
These are statistically correlated with this
pesticide.
And EPA has found as much for 10 years.
And based on those findings, it said, “We
need to ban this pesticide.”
And even in last Thursday’s decision, EPA
said these are good studies, comprehensive
studies, and they show that this pesticide
causes these types of permanent damage to
children’s brains.
It just doesn’t want to act yet to protect
children from this type of harm.
So, then explain what happened under Obama,
why it took until 2015, and why the rule wasn’t
instituted then.
Well, the Obama administration was being very
methodical.
I suppose they were anticipating a lawsuit
by Dow if they didn’t have all their ducks
in a row.
They reviewed the science.
They sent it to their scientific peer review
body multiple times.
Each time, the scientific peer review said
this pesticide causes this kind of harm at
very low doses.
And what EPA had on the books was not protective.
So, each time, they said EPA had to do more.
Finally, in 2015, EPA said, based on drinking
water contamination, it would ban the pesticide.
It continued to study how to protect children
from this harm, and said it is unsafe in all
ways that it is used.
For infants ages 1 to 2 years old, children
ages 1 to 2 years old, it is 140 times safe
levels.
It’s got to go.
But the process takes time.
EPA wanted additional time.
Unfortunately, the court gave it to them,
and that pushed the decision into the next
administration.
I suppose that the people that were trying
to act to protect public health now regret
that, but that’s where we are.
The decision Thursday gives us a green light
to go back to court.
And there, because we live under a rule of
law, we will be able to go to judges, who
will have to apply the law, and under the
law, EPA cannot allow children to continue
to be exposed to this pesticide.
It will go.
It’s just a question of how long.
The manufacturer of chlorpyrifos, Corteva
Agriscience, said it supports the EPA’s
decision, of course, and pointed to, quote,
“more than 4,000 studies and reports examining
the product in terms of health, safety and
the environment,” they said, The company
said, “Completion of Registration Review
will provide needed certainty to growers who
rely on chlorpyrifos and needed reassurance
for the public that labelled uses will not
pose unacceptable risk to public health or
the environment.”
This, again, the words of the manufacturer
of chlorpyrifos.
If you can respond, and particularly talk
about the farmers that use this, the farmworkers
who are exposed to this, like we just heard,
like Claudia Angulo and her son Isaac?
Sure.
Many of our clients are farmworkers, farmworker
advocates.
They are at ground zero, because they’re
exposed when this pesticide drifts through
the air.
It has been documented to drift more than
a half a mile from one crop, one place where
it’s applied, to where other workers have
been.
It’s been found in schoolyards in toxic
amounts throughout California.
And it drifts to people’s homes.
So they’re exposed when they’re going
about their daily lives.
It’s also in the drinking water and in the
food, so they’ve got a triple whammy.
And it’s really unfair, because they’re
having to protect themselves from what they
have no control over.
In terms of the farmers, they know that this
pesticide is going to go.
It’s an outdated pesticide that hits anything
with a nervous system.
There are many newer systems of pest control,
and the farmers knew this was supposed to
be banned by October 2017, under the proposal.
They were adapting to alternatives.
And they are very adaptable to alternatives.
They’ve done it before.
So, it will be banned.
We now have states proposing to ban this pesticide.
There’s a ban adopted in Hawaii, one that
is on Governor Cuomo’s desk in New York.
California is starting a process.
It’s inevitable.
It’s just a question of how long it will
take, how many children will suffer learning
disabilities, before it is banned.
And how is it treated in the rest of the world,
Patti?
Other countries are starting to ban it, as
well—Australia, Canada, the U.K. They’re
all starting to put additional restrictions
on and ban this pesticide, as well.
And more will follow.
When it’s not allowed on our food, that
means food that comes from other countries,
as well as the food that’s grown here.
So, we and our other allies that are starting
to ban this pesticide are going to lead the
way and protect people throughout the world
from this pesticide.
Last week, the EPA also approved broad use
of the pesticide—and you can correct me
if I pronounce it wrong—sulfoxaflor, known
for killing bees, the crisis of the whole
bee colonies in the United States.
Can you explain what this is?
This is a pesticide that is—it’s applied
in a different way.
It doesn’t affect people, and so that’s
a good thing.
But it is applied to the plant, and then it
stays with the plant, and the plant sort of
expresses it out.
So, once it’s out there, you can’t put
it away.
You can’t get rid of it.
And, unfortunately, it hits the worker bees.
It disorients them so they can’t find their
way back to the hive.
And it is one of the reasons we’re seeing
the deaths and the collapse in the beehive,
in the bee industry.
We had challenged this pesticide on behalf
of beekeepers.
And four years ago, the Court of Appeals in
the 9th Circuit sent it back to EPA and said
EPA had huge gaps of information about how
this pesticide affected bees.
And there was a growing body of independent
scientific evidence that it was one of the
culprits.
So, after we won that case, EPA kept issuing
emergency exemptions, and finally it just
adopted all of those essentially as its new
permission to use this pesticide on a wide
range of crops.
We’re evaluating that decision on behalf
of our clients to decide whether we’ll go
back to court.
Anything you’d like to add?
And if you could end by telling us what Earthjustice
is?
Sure.
Earthjustice is a nonprofit organization that
represents people when they need to go to
court to protect health and the environment.
And that’s what we do on behalf of our clients.
We give voice, and we work through the law
to hold our government and polluters to the
law.
And that’s what we are doing here.
And we are going to fight to protect people
from these harmful pesticides.
It takes the kind of voices that we can bring,
and all of our clients and allies can bring,
to counter the power that the corporations
have in trying to delay protections and skirt
protections that affect our environment and
our communities.
Patti Goldman, thanks so much for joining
us from Seattle, Washington, managing attorney
at Earthjustice.
She represents health and labor advocates
in a lawsuit against the EPA’s decision
to not ban chlorpyrifos.
On their website, Earthjustice says, “We’re
here because the earth needs a good lawyer.”
To see Part 1 of our discussion with Patti
Goldman, go to democracynow.org.
I’m Amy Goodman.
Thanks so much for joining us.
