In this Empty Space, Phantom Particles appear
and disappears.
For their existence they transfer energy from
one place to another.
In front of the black holes, Virtual Matter
and antimatter is separated by Event Horizon,
which emits the hawking radiation later.
To clearly understand these watch the video
till end.
First we know about origin of virtual particles.
Whenever we see any empty space or black spot
in this universe, we feel that there is nothing
in existence there, but actually there is
something that are different types of fields
like Electromagnetic Field, Higgs Field etc.
Who constantly exchange energy among themselves.
But how do they do it?
Let us understand this by an example.
Let's assume that there are two electrons
that are in excited states, if we take these
two electrons close to each other, then they
will repel each other through electromagnetic
field.
In this, each electron gives light mild shocks
to the electromagnetic field, due to which
the shocks reappear to the other electron,
after which it again shakes the electro magnetic
field, so that the cycle continues goes on.
But how often does this cycle occur?
How do we find out?
For this, we have to get the help of Perturabation
theory.
In this we first mathmatically add different
interactions and some later interactions,
which gives us virtual particles.
Let understand this with our electron example.
We can see that whenever the electron is interacting
with the electromagnetic field, it is transferring
energy, momentum and single packet of photon,
which we call a virtual photon.
Similarly, these interactions are very often
and are different in different fields and
in each interaction it transfer a particle
- virtual particle.
These states of interactions are called intermediate
state or virtual state.
But in reality such states don't exist.
And virtual particles never exist individually
but how can we say that.
For this we have a theory of Feynman diagram.
Richard Feynman made a diagram in which he
told that which intermediate state we can
consider, during the interaction of a particle
and which can be ignored.
Whatever particles enter in this diagram and
leave it, they are real particles.
But those particles that begin in the same
diagram and finishes within the diagram, we
call it virtual particle.
We think that virtual particles travel only
in space and not only that but they do have
some properties, even if they are different
from real particles like they can have any
value of mass, it can travel with the speed
of light or even faster and it can also go
back in time.
This happens to them because they do not physically
exist.
In the first example, we saw that electron
were repelling each other, by transferring
virtual photon between them.
But what would happen if there were attractive
forces between them.
Meaning if there is an electron and the other
positron, then how can it come closer to each
other by transferring virtual photon between
them?
Let understand it from a diagram in which
the electron is sending one single photon
into positron.
We will have to consider every single virtual
photon that emits the electron and is absorbing
positron and vice versa.
Some photons that are coming from positron
are not able to go into the electron and cross
it and some virtual photon is not moving in
direction of electron and going in its opposite
direction, due to which attractive force is
being generated between them.
But how are these photon journeying between
these particles?
Actually they are not traveling anymore.
These virtual particles exist everywhere for
trillionth of trillionth of a second, which
store quantum energy in itself, which release
energy on each and every vibration in the
quantum field.
You must have heard that many particles and
antiparticle came into existence in each and
every second, which are called vaccum fluctuation
or zero point energy, I have already made
a video on it, if you want to watch it then
click on the i card.
It does not happen with virtual particles
that they come into existence and go again,
but what if someone interact with them?
This will give us Hawking radiation, in which
Stephen Hawking first took the help of virtual
particles to explain his theory.
In which he had said that the event horizon
of the black hole separates the antiparticle
and the virtual particle so that the particles
move in some different reality, and which
left behind the radiation and afterward it
result in the shrinking of black hole.
So let us take a quick recap of what we understand
in this video.
Virtual particle is not like real particle.
There properties are different from real particles
like there mass may vary that means sometime
it fluctuates to very high and sometimes very
low, but if it is a fix then it will behave
like a real partical.
It can move back and forth in time, that means
it can travel in time.
But real particles cannot travel in time.
In the space, virtual particles work as energy
carriers, which can transport energy from
one field to another.
It can also be a means of exchange energy
with some matter and antimatter and if it
interact with any other particle, then emit
radiation and in the end it also explains
the most important topics like gravitational
wave, zero point energy and casimir effect
etc.
so guys that's all for today topic.
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