
Serbian: 
[♩ UVODNA ŠPICA]
2016. godine, dva astronoma sa univerziteta Caltech su izneli teoriju
da je Sunčev sistem dom devet planeta.
I ne, nisu Pluton ponovo klasifikovali kao planetu.
Umesto toga, oni su pronašli dokaz o postojanju hipotetičke planete veličine Neptuna
na najmanje četrdeset milijardi kilometara od Sunca,
toliko udaljene da bi bilo potrebno petnaest hijada godina da pređe orbitu jedanput.
Hipoteza o ovoj Planeti 9 je tokom poslednje tri godine dobijala na podršci.
Ali prethodne nedelje su dva druga naučnika iznela teoriju
da bi ovaj objekat mogao biti nešto malo egzotičnije.
Umesto planete negde tamo, oni tvrde da bi to mogla biti crna rupa,
ali, kao... malecka crna rupa.
Kao, veličine tvoje pesnice.
Kao... glava čivave!
Ovaj rad još uvek nije prošao stručnu recenziju, ali iznosi neke ozbiljne tvrdnje.
A, na ovaj ili onaj način, može nas naučiti više
o tome šta vreba u našem solarnom sistemu.

English: 
[♩INTRO]
In 2016, two Caltech astronomers proposed
that our solar system is home to nine planets.
And no, they didn’t reclassify Pluto.
Instead, they found evidence for a hypothetical
Neptune-sized planet
at least forty billion kilometers from the
Sun
far enough that it would take fifteen thousand
years for it to complete one orbit.
In the last three years, this Planet 9 hypothesis
has continued to gain support.
But last week, two other scientists proposed
that this object could be something a little
more exotic.
Instead of a planet out there, they say it
could be a black hole,
but like...a tiny black hole.
Like, the size of your fist.
Like...a chihuahua’s head!
This paper hasn’t gone through peer-review
yet, but it’s making some big claims.
And one way or another, it could teach us
more
about what’s lurking in our solar system.

Serbian: 
Cela ova frka oko Planete 9 je počela nakon što su istraživači primetili nešto čudno
u vezi sa periferijom Sunčevog sistema.
Postoji mnoštvo malih, kamenih i ledenih tela tamo,
i mnoga od njih imaju neobične orbite.
Neke toliko neobične da izgleda kao da na njih utiče gravitaciono privlačenje nekog većeg,
nepoznatog tela - nečeg između 5-15 puta  većeg od Zemlje.
Ako nešto postoji tamo, to je verovatno planeta,
ali, tehnički, bilo kakav objekat dovoljne mase može da prođe.
Uključujući i posebnu vrstu crne rupe.
Obično se crne rupe formiraju od masivnih zvezda,
pa su nekoliko miliona puta teže od Zemlje.
Ali, postoji hipotetička vrsta crne rupe koja može biti mnogo lakša,
kao na primer, pet do petnaest puta teža od naše planete.
One se zovu praiskonske crne rupe,
i možda su nastale nedavno nakon početka Univerzuma.
U to vreme, sve što postoji je bilo gusto spakovano jedno do drugog.
I kako ta ideja dalje tvrdi, praiskonske crne rupe su se formirale
kada su se naročito zbijeni džepovi materije urušili u sebe.

English: 
This whole Planet 9 thing came about after
researchers noticed something strange
about the outskirts of the solar system.
There’s a lot of small rocky and icy bodies
out there,
and many of them have weird orbits.
Ones so weird that they seem to be affected
by the gravitational pull of some larger,
unknown body - something between 5-15 times
the mass of Earth.
If there’s something out there, it’s probably
a planet,
but technically, any object with the right
amount of mass would do.
Including a special kind of black hole.
Normally, black holes form from massive stars,
so they’re millions of times heavier than
the Earth.
But there’s a hypothetical kind of black
hole that could be much lighter
like, five to fifteen times the mass of our
planet.
They’re called primordial black holes,
and they may have been created shortly after
the universe began.
At that time, everything in existence was
packed close together.
And as the idea goes, primordial black holes
formed
when extra dense pockets of matter collapsed
in on themselves.

English: 
According to this new hypothesis, an object
like this could have been captured
by the Sun’s gravity, and it would easily
explain
all the weird orbits we’ve seen past Neptune.
Now, since black holes are so dense, this
thing would be small
only about nine centimeters across.
But it might still be easier to spot than
a distant planet.
At least, if you don’t rely on visible light.
Scientists believe that primordial black holes
would be surrounded by halos of dark matter.
This is a type of matter we can’t directly
detect,
but that most evidence suggests is out there.
The authors of this paper argue that, occasionally,
dark matter around the black hole
could interact with similar particles and
turn into gamma radiation.
Lucky for us, we have telescopes that can
pick that up.
So theoretically, if we started seeing gamma
ray flashes out past Neptune,
it could be a sign that we have a local black
hole.
This hypothesis is definitely in need of more
evidence, but even if it doesn’t pan out,

Serbian: 
Prema ovoj novoj hipotezi, ovakav objekat je mogao biti uhvaćen
Sunčevom gravitacijom, i to bi lako objasnilo
sve neobične orbite koje vidimo iza Neptuna.
Pa, pošto su crne rupe toliko guste, ova stvar bi bila mala,
prečnika samo oko devet centimetara.
Ali, i pored toga, možda bi bilo lakše spaziti nju nego udaljenu planetu.
Bar ako se ne oslanjamo na vidljivu svetlost.
Naučnici veruju da bi praiskonske crne rupe mogle biti okružene oreolima tamne materije.
To je vrsta materije koju ne možemo direktno detektovati,
ali za koju većina dokaza sugeriše da postoji.
Autori ovog rada tvrde da, ponekad, tamna materija oko crne rupe
može da uzajamno deluje na slične čestice i da se pretvori u gama-zračenje.
Srećom po nas, imamo teleskope koji mogu da ih detektuju.
Pa u teoriji, ako bismo počeli da viđamo bliceve gama-zračenja iza Neptuna,
to bi mogao biti znak da imamo lokalnu crnu rupu.
Ova hipoteza definitivno zahteva više dokaza, pa i ako se ne ispostavi tako,

English: 
searching for a primordial black hole wouldn’t
be useless.
It would likely allow us to learn more about
dark matter, primordial black holes,
and the flashes of gamma rays we’ve already
detected.
So one way or another, it seems like a possibility
worth investigating.
In other black hole news, because it’s that
kind of week,
a handful of telescopes has detected something
super hardcore:
A black hole three hundred seventy-five million
light-years away,
ripping apart a star with the power of gravity.
The results were published last week in The
Astrophysical Journal.
The discovery itself happened in January,
and the first instrument to notice something
going on was NASA’s TESS.
TESS has been orbiting Earth for a little
over a year now,
and it stares at one large section of sky
for several weeks at a time.
Its main goal is to find planets beyond the
solar system, but because it’s just floating
around out there with its proverbial eyes
open,
it’s bound to observe other phenomena, too.
And that’s what happened last winter.

Serbian: 
traganje za praiskonskim crnim rupama ne bi bilo beskorisno.
To bi nam, po svoj prilici, omogućilo da naučimo više o tamnoj materiji, praiskonskim crnim rupama
i o blicevima gama-zračenja koje smo već detektovali.
Pa, na ovaj ili onaj način, to izgleda kao mogućnost koju vredi istraživati.
U drugim vestima o crnim rupama, pošto je ovo nedelja za to,
više teleskopa je detektovalo nešto super-hardcore:
crnu rupu udaljenu  tri stotine sedamdeset pet miliona svetlosnih godina,
kako rastrže zvezdu snagom gravitacije.
Rezultati su objavljeni prošle nedelje u žurnalu The Astrophysical Journal.
Sâmo otkriće se dogodilo u januaru,
i prvi instrument koji je primetio da se nešto dešava je bio NASA-in TESS.
TESS orbitira oko Zemlje već malo duže od godinu dana
i zuri u jedan veliki deo neba po nekoliko nedelja uzastopno.
Njegov glavni zadatak je da pronađe planete izvan Sunčevog sistema, ali zato što samo tako pluta bezveze
tamo gore širom otvorenih očiju,
neizbežno je da opazi i druge fenomene. I upravo to se dogodilo prošle zime.

English: 
In January, the telescope picked up an increase
in brightness coming from a distant star.
Then, several days later, less-sensitive instruments
on the ground noticed the same thing.
The event came to be called ASASSN-19bt
after the first project to give us data about
it.
Because even though TESS technically saw it
first,
it only sends data to Earth every two weeks,
so the other team got the naming rights.
This brightening turned out to be the early
stages of a tidal disruption event, or TDE.
Which is a scientific way of saying a star
is getting absolutely wrecked by a black hole.
The murderous culprit sits at the center of
a galaxy called… okay, don’t make me say that.
I don’t know how to say that.
Look, you’re never going to visit this thing.
The bigger point is that this black hole seems
to be
about six million times more massive than
the Sun.
That’s fifty percent more massive than
the supermassive black hole at the center
of the Milky Way.
The more mass an object has,
the more of a gravitational pull it has on
the stuff around it.
So when a star wandered too close to this
black hole, things got messy.

Serbian: 
Teleskop je u januaru detektovao povećanje jačine svetlosti koja dolazi od udaljene zvezde.
Potom, nekoliko dana kasnije, manje osetljivi instrumenti na zemlji su primetili istu svar.
Taj događaj je nazvan ASASSN-19bt
prema prvom projektu koji nam je dao podatke o njemu.
Zato što, iako ga je TESS, tehnički, prvi video,
on šalje podatke na Zemlju svake dve nedelje, pa je drugi tim dobio pravo da ga imenuje.
Ispostavilo se da je ovo povećanje jačine svetlosti rani stadijum slučaja talasnog poremećaja [tidal disruption event], ili TDE.
Što je način naučnika da kažu da je crna rupa potpuno razbucala zvezdu.
Ovaj ubistveni zločinac se nalazi u centru galaksije... ok, nemoj me terati da to kažem.
Nemam pojma kako se to izgovara.
Slušaj, ionako nikad nećeš otići tamo.
Bitnija stvar je da izgleda kao da je ova crna rupa
oko šest miliona puta masivnija od Sunca.
To je pedeset procenata masivnije od
od supermasivne crne rupe u centru Mlečnog puta.
Što veću masu neki objekat ima,
to je veći gravitacioni uticaj na materiju oko njega.
Pa, kada je zvezda zalutala suviše blizu ove crne rupe, stvar je postala zamršena.

Serbian: 
Razlika u gravitaciji između jedne polovine zvezde i druge je postala toliko velika
da je premašila sile koje su držale zvezdu u jednom komadu.
Drugim rečima, crna rupa je pocepala tu zvezdu.
Deo gasa i plazme zvezde je verovatno odleteo u prazninu Svemira,
ali ostatak se srozao prema crnoj rupi,
stvarajući disk koji se spiralno urušava i ogroman bljesak radijacije koji se mogao detektovati sa Zemlje.
Slučajevi talasnih poremećaja su veoma retki i naučnici su uhvatili samo
oko četrdesetak njih do sada.
To znači da svako novo otkrivanje nas može naučiti nečemu.
U ovom slučaju je rano otkrivanje događaja omogućilo istraživačima
da zabeleže ekstreman pad temperature zvezde koji se dogodio
tokom prvih nekoliko dana.
Sa četrdeset hiljada stepeni Celzijusa pala je na samo dvadeset hiljada.
Ovako nešto je bilo predviđeno prema modelima, ali sada imamo konkretan dokaz.
Naučnici će nastaviti da istražuju ovakve događaje, i pomoću TESS-a, i uz pomoć drugih instrumenata.
I na kraju će im njihovi podaci pomoći da razviju bolje modele koji pokazuju kako dolazi do TDE-a.

English: 
The difference in gravity between one side
of the star and the other became so great
that it overcame the forces holding the star
together.
In other words, the black hole ripped the
star apart.
Some of the star’s gas and plasma likely
escaped into the void of space,
but the rest tumbled down toward the black
hole,
creating a swirling disk and a large flare
of radiation we could see from Earth.
Tidal disruption events are super rare, and
scientists have only captured
about forty of them so far.
That means each new observation can teach
us something.
In this case, observing the event early-on
allowed researchers
to chart the extreme drop in the star’s
temperature that happened
within the first few days.
It went from forty thousand degrees Celsius
to only twenty thousand.
Something like this was in our prediction
models, but now we have actual evidence.
Scientists will continue to study this event,
both with TESS and with other instruments.
And ultimately, their data will help them
develop better models for how TDEs happen.

English: 
From tiny, hypothetical objects to monsters
that rip apart stars,
there’s a lot in the news about black holes
this week.
But if these papers show us anything, it’s
that there’s always more to learn.
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow
Space News!
Before you go, I have an update for you!
Every month, we release a new, space-themed
pin,
and October’s pin is officially available!
It’s of Sputnik, humanity’s first artificial
satellite,
and it’s very, very good and shiny and fun.
And you can only get it during the month of
October, so if you’re interested,
check out the link in the description or the
merch shelf below the video.
[♩OUTRO]

Serbian: 
Od maleckih, hipotetičkih objekata, do čudovišta koji cepaju zvezde,
ima mnogo toga u vestima o crnim rupama ove nedelje.
Ali ako nam ovi radovi išta govore, to je da uvek postoji nešto novo da se nauči.
Hvala što ste gledali ovu epizodu SciShow Space News!
Pre nego što odete, imam novosti za vas!
Svakog meseca predstavljamo novi bedž sa temom Svemira,
i bedž za oktobar je zvanično dostupan!
U pitanju je Sputnik, prvi veštački satelit koji je čovečanstvo napravilo,
i baš, baš je dobar i blistav i zabavan.
A možete ga jedino dobiti tokom meseca oktobra, pa, ukoliko ste zainteresovani,
bacite pogled na link u opisu ili policu sa promotivnim proizvodima ispod ovog videa.
[♩ ZAVRŠNA ŠPICA]
