This short video will review 
the basics of
the origin of the periodic table
and some of the vocabulary
and ideas associated with the 
modern periodic table of the elements.
The first widely accepted 
periodic table
was published in 1869 and
it was published by
a Russian chemist named
Dmitri Mendeleev
and this is a copy of the table
that he published at that time
and what you might recognize here,
doesn't look like
the modern periodic table at all,
but what you do see
are some recognizable
elemental symbols.
For example, here's hydrogen and
here's lithium.
You see sodium right here and 
so he has organized
the elements in a way in which
he has grouped them
based on their chemical and
physical properties
and he's identified their
atomic weights in this table.
So the reason why he organized
the elements in that way --
Mendeleev, here's a picture of him.
These are his own words from
his chemistry book that
he published in 1905 over
a hundred years ago.
"I began to look about and
write down the elements"
"with their atomic weights
and typical properties,"
"analogous elements and
like atomic weights"
"on separate cards."
"And this soon convinced me that
the properties of elements"
"are in periodic dependence upon
their atomic weights."
And this idea of periodic dependence
based on their atomic weights
is the periodic law and
the reason why it's the periodic law
is because what Mendeleev was
able to do when he organized
the elements in this way was to predict
that based on this law,
that certain elements should exist
that had not yet been identified,
for example, here, atomic weight
68 and 70
had not yet been found, but
he was predicting that
they should be there and 
their properties
should be somewhere similar
to aluminum or silicon.
And so the law was when a lot
of the data fits into a certain pattern,
then it has predictable power and
that's what he found.
Now, zoom forward, you know,
a hundred years,
and we have what is the
modern periodic table
of the elements.
It's basically his table
turned side ways and
what you need to do is have
some ability to recognize
the different parts of the 
periodic table and
some of the important properties
we'll look at as we move along
through this semester, but basically
you should know that
the individual columns are also
referred to the columns
are called groups or families
and there are certain families --
groups or families,
those are the columns
and some groups or families have
names associated with them
and you should be familiar with
some of those names.
For example, group 18 are 
the Noble gases
and all of the elements in
this family
have similar chemical and physical
properties.
Group 17, so group 18
is the Noble gases,
Group 17 is what we call 
the halogens.
You should remember that.
Group 1 are the 
alkali metals
Alkali. Metals.
and group 2 are the
alkaline earth metals.
These are some common groups
that are rather than
being called by their number
sometimes are referred to as their name.
You should also know that
there are metals and non-metals.
The non-metals are on this side
of the periodic table.
Non-metals, and you can see
the colors associated with them,
the green and the blue here.
And then the metals are on
this side of the periodic table
so we've got non-metals over here
and you should know this,
and metals over here and
the stair step in between
are the metalloids.
So metals have similar properties 
and non-metals have alike properties
and the metalloids have properties
in between.
Okay, in particular, these metals
down here are called
the transition metals and
these are other metals over here
called poor metals sometimes
because their metal characteristics
aren't as well-defined as the
transition metals.
And of course you've got the 
alkali and the alkaline earth metals
in groups 1 and 2.
Down here we have the Lanthanite
series and the Actanite series
and the reason why it's brought
down,
this is called the short form
of the periodic table
as opposed to the long form,
if you leave all of this,
a long list of 14 elements
in that spot there,
it makes the table very, very wide
and these elements
aren't quite as --
their properties don't change
as drastically from one 
to the next
as you move across which we'll
look at later.
And so a lot of times they're just
tucked down here
at the bottom of the periodic table
so it's just sort of an
abbreviated way to make 
the table look better.
Okay, so there's a lot of great
periodic tables on the Internet
that you can look at one the
World Wide Web.
So let's take a look at this one.
This is the one that I was just
showing you in its static form,
but it's a great resource because
you can get information.
For example, if you touch a
particular element,
it will show up up here 
in this region, right up here.
Okay, so here's my calcium for example,
strontium.
And so we can see here 
is the Noble gases
are right here and when I touch
on this you can see
where the Noble gases are.
The halogens like I said
are right here.
Other non-metals are listed there --
hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, whatnot.
The metalloids are listed in this
stair step down right through there,
the green color -- Boron, Silicon,
Germanium, Arsenic,
Antimony, Laranium, Telurium,
and Polonium.
The alkali metals are what we call
Group 1 in the orange.
The alkaline earth in the yellow.
The Lanthanides and Actinoids,
lanthanoids are sometimes
called -ides, actinides, 
and lanthinides
are down below.
The transition metals you can see
there in the middle
and then the post-transition metals
are to the right
of the transition, but to the left
of the stair step.
Okay, and so we can see
the Actinide and Lanthanidie
down here below.
So these are the things that
you need to know
about the periodic table --
where the metals are, 
where the non-metals are.
You need to know that on
the periodic table,
the number at the top of the
elemental symbol right here
is the atomic number which is
the number of protons.
Of course, the elemental symbol,
the elemental name,
and then the atomic weight
of the element.
So these are all the parts
of the periodic table
that you should be aware of
and there's certain
elemental names that you should
be responsible for,
most of the more common
elemental names.
You should recognize the symbol
and the name
for the more common group 1,
group 2, group 17, 18,
the common non-metals here
in the green,
the metalloids and most of the
transition metals.
Okay, you may want to go on
and also read in your book
in chapter 2, the first part
of chapter 2
has a nice review of this
information as well.
Okay? 
Good job.
