This video will be a little bit different
from most of mine.
I’m revisiting a topic from my very first
YouTube days, long before this channel was
a thing.
At the end, I’ll link to a follow up discussion
on my second channel where I talk about why
I’m making this again.
But for now, here’s what we’re doing.
In the Northern hemisphere, it’s winter
right now.
At least, well, at least at the time of this
video’s upload.
Winter means cold and cold means sadness.
But thankfully, I have a friendly space heater
to keep myself warm and my spirits high.
These electric heaters are a useful, if perhaps
dangerous and expensive way to heat a space.
But, there’s been something that’s annoyed
me about them for years.
And to show you, we need to go shopping.
Alright, let’s see what we got here.
We have, “Medium Room”, 1,500W for $31.99.
Take a step over, and we have “Small Room”,
1,500W.
$12.79.
Thi… that… that number’s the same.
Why is that the same?
Here’s a different one.
“Medium room”, fif… fifteen hun..
Five..
Wha?
OK...
Here’s a different one, we got small…
fif… hmmm.
Well, store #2 is almost entirely out of heaters.
Ugh, this is what I get for doing this AFTER
the Polar Vortex.
Hmm.
There we go.
OK, so here we have an infrared quartz radiant
heater, which is being marketed as for medium
sized rooms.
Shocker of shockers; 1,500W. And also, this
is a radiant heater so really the size of
the room isn’t as important as its application
but let’s move on.
So here we have a personal desktop heater,
1,500W.
This one is apparently some sort of genius,
um, don’t really get that
but look at that.
1,500 W.
Let’s look at this guy here.
It’s a ceramic heater.
Uh, 1,500W.
One of these 360 degree things.
Oh, it’s 1,500W.
As you no doubt noticed, at every store we
visited, many of the space heaters for sale
were categorized based on the size of the
room that they would be appropriate for.
And yet, they were all rated 1500 watts.
Now first let me say that there are definitely
reasons to choose some heaters over another.
For instance, this infrared radiant heater
will do a great job of keeping you warm even
in a cold room, because the infrared radiation
it generates will directly heat your skin
and thus body from a distance.
They’re even useful outdoors because of
their transmissive style of direct heating.
But if you want to heat a space, as in heat
a room and keep it warm, all of these heaters
are doing the same thing.
They’re heating the air around them and
are thus increasing the temperature in the
room.
With this goal in mind, literally any of these
heaters will work.
And they’re gonna work just as well as any
of the others, with few exceptions.
It all comes down to that 1500 watts.
Let’s take a step back and think about what
heaters actually have to do.
Heat is really just energy, and the temperature
of a room is a way of expressing how much
energy is currently concentrated in that room.
Now, energy always likes to spread out, and
if there’s a temperature gradient between
one space and another, the more highly concentrated
energy in the warm place wants to exit the
warm place and spread out into the cold place.
Once it reaches equilibrium, energy transfer
stops.
And eventually, this leads to the heat death
of the universe.
*sound of party blower*
Now, to keep a room warm when the outside
is cold, we have to keep releasing energy
into it.
And we need to add energy at least at the
same rate that it leaves through the walls
and windows, which hopefully are well insulated
to slow that process as much as possible.
The amount of energy leaving the room is called
the thermal load.
Now, I’m going to use the BTU, that’s
British Thermal Unit, for much of this video;
I’m sorry for picking that unit, please
write your complaints below.
The heater’s basic job is to replace the
energy that’s leaving the room.
So if the room is losing 4,000 BTUs per hour
through the walls, that’s the thermal load,
and thus we need a heater which can produce at least
4,000 BTUs in order to maintain the current
indoor temperature.
We’ll need more than that if we want to
increase the temperature.
And if we can’t produce 4,000 BTUs, the
room will gradually get colder until the temperature
gradient is small enough that energy leaving
equals energy being added, and we hit equilibrium
once more.
You may be asking what this has to do with
space heaters.
Well children, it turns out that watts and
BTUs are both units of the same thing!
That’s energy!
Hold on, no.
Watts are a unit of power, and a watt-hour
is a unit of energy.
BTUs makes this confusing because people often
say “BTUs per hour” which I’ve already
said at least once but, anyway, it’s a mess.
Let’s continue.
1 watt equals 3.41 BTUs.
Now, all of these space heaters are labeled
as using 1,500 watts.
That means they all produce 5,120 BTUs.
All of ‘em.
Some of them are even kind enough to tell
you that.
So then, I put forth to you dear viewer, how
is this heater more suited to a medium-sized
room if it is producing the same exact amount
of heat as this heater which claims to only
be suitable for a small room?
Regardless of how much energy is leaving a
given space, both of these are capable of
adding the same amount of energy back.
That’s 5,120 BTUs.
Now, we can argue as much as we want about
how these two heaters distribute the heat they create.
But I do find it humorous that the one claiming
to be better suited to a larger room doesn’t
have a fan to assist heat distribution.
Instead it relies solely on the convection
currents that are created as the now hot,
low density air rises up through it and pulls
cold, dense air from behind.
This heater has a fan blowing air past its
ceramic heating elements.
Surely it’s moving more air, you can feel
it.
But honestly, it doesn’t need to do much
because of that little thing we call convection.
No matter where heat is released into a room,
it will eventually spread out.
Using a fan just speeds that process along.
And for those who may want to point out that
the fan motor in this guy is part of that
1,500 watts and therefore it must cause the
unit as a whole to release less heat, I’ll
counter that in addition to the motor being
a negligible part of the heater’s energy
consumption, all of that energy will eventually
be released as heat anyway, either through
friction with air molecules, or through the
wasted heat created in the windings of the
motor itself.
The reason why I know without a doubt that
these two heaters are both doing the same
work is that they are both electric resistive
heaters.
This means they’re taking the electrical
energy from the wall outlet and releasing
it as heat.
This is 100% efficient.
In fact, when we talk about efficiency of
various household devices like light bulbs
or laptops, we’re really talking about how
much waste heat they avoid releasing as they
do their work.
An incandescent bulb releases a ton of waste
heat, because it needs a lot of electrical
energy to produce a given amount of light,
the vast majority of which is simply wasted.
An LED bulb releases much less heat, because
LEDs are a more efficient way of turning electricity
into visible light, which means less electricity
is consumed by the bulb to do the same amount
of work.
But if our goal is to create heat, in other
words if the work we want to accomplish is
to take that electrical energy and spread
it out into the room as heat, 100% of the
energy being consumed will be directly released
into the room.
There is no such thing as a more efficient
space heater.
There are better and worse applications depending
on the type, such as infrared radiant versus
oil-filled convective, but simply put, energy
is energy.
If this “medium” heater can’t release
more energy into the room than it’s “small
room” counterpart, then those labels are
nonsense.
And they are.
We don’t even need to rely on the labeling.
If we use an energy monitoring device like
this Kill-A-Watt, we can see exactly how much
energy each of them is using.
And, shocker of shockers, it’s the same
amount, within a small margin of error.
Well, some may argue that the margin of error
isn’t quite that small, but in any case
it’s pretty humorous that the small heater
is about 90 watts more powerful than the medium
heater.
Many heaters have multiple settings which
will switch between different heating elements,
therefore giving you the option of a more
tepid amount of heat output.
And, nearly all of them have a bimetallic
thermostat, if not a digital one, allowing
you to control the temperature within a reasonable
degree.
You might be asking why so many of them are
rated 1,500W. It turns out that this is the
maximum amount of power a device that continuously
operates is allowed to pull from a 15A circuit
according to the national electric code.
A normal 15A household circuit is technically
capable of 1,800Ws, but if a device is expected
to run for a long time, like a space heater,
it’s limited to using 80% of that capacity.
This creates a margin for error and protects
against fires caused by not-quite-up-to-snuff
wiring, and it also helps prevent overloading
in general.
But a device that’s only used intermittently,
like a hair dryer, is allowed to use the full
capacity.
Since heating elements are phenomenally cheap
and easy to make, pretty much all space heaters
are gonna bump right up against that 1,500W
limit.
Now, not all of them do.
I’m a big fan of these little personal heaters
that only use a couple hundred watts.
I keep this one on my desk and it’s a great
little comfort boost on a cold day.
But most “General purpose” heaters will
go ahead and push out as much heat as they’re
allowed to.
Now what was pointed out to me the last time
I made this video was that heaters such as
this one store heat in the oil and thus are
able to release heat even when the heating
elements aren’t turned on!
That’s great, but it doesn’t mean it’s
more efficient.
It just means that the heat leaving the heater
goes through a buffer.
If the heater is running at a 50% duty cycle,
it more or less is constantly releasing 2,560
BTUs, when this heater would release 5,120
for 5 minutes, and then 0 for the next five
minutes.
The end result is the same, though, they both
release 2,560 BTUs over 10 minutes--this one
may simply provide more consistent heat.
If there’s one thing I’d like you to take
away from this video, it’s that any space
heater that claims to be more efficient than
its competition is… well its lying.
I’m particularly irked by these “premium”
space heaters that claim to save you money
on your energy bills because of some new technology.
One in particular rhymes with “Schmeeden
Glur”.
Look, the way they save you energy is
by… simply being a space heater.
That’s by turning down the temperature to
your whole house, and only heating the room
that you’re in.
Compared to any other space heater, this is
no more efficient and frankly, a waste of money.
What’s worse is that electric heat is almost
always the most expensive kind of heat, in
fact I made a video on why in cold climates
we usually burn fuels like natural gas for
heat rather than use the electric grid.
Yes, the heater itself is 100% efficient,
but electricity generation is not.
At least not yet.
And that’s kind of the space heater paradox.
You can save money by using just one and lowering
the temperature of your central heating.
But if you decide to buy a bunch of these
supposedly miracle heaters for every room
in your house and use them instead of your
furnace, you’re gonna be spending a lot
more on energy.
But, let me be clear that the only reason
I know these are all the same is that we’re
talking about resistive heat.
If we venture into the land of heat pumps
or gas-fired furnaces, now there are efficiency
comparisons to be made.
Some heat pumps work better than others, and
condensing furnaces can release more than
95% of the energy from their heating fuel
into the space, compared to only 80% for a
conventional furnace.
But any ‘ol electric heater is gonna be
100% efficient.
Whatever energy gets pulled from the wall
goes straight into the room.
So, the next time you need to buy a space
heater, go ahead and buy a cheap one.
Those expensive ones are… well they’re
just not worth it.
This $10 wire-element heater will do just
as great of a job heating a room as will a
$200 Schleeden Clure.
Now don’t get me wrong, this thing is ugly
and noisy and has a primitive thermostat--that
red mark is where I like to set it--so I’m
not about to say that this is objectively
as good as one of those fancy-pants heaters.
But I can say with confidence that it heats
just as well, and the cost of that energy
is exactly the same.
I will add that if there’s a room that always
needs supplemental heat, like a certain bedroom
in a certain house I grew up in, I prefer
the oil-filled type because they’re probably
the safest.
A fan-forced heater will quickly overheat
if the fan fails, and then you’ve gotta
hope that the overheat protection cutout works.
These passive ones are pretty much immune
from that failure, and because the heat is
spread out over such a large surface area,
nothing really gets that hot.
Plus, they’re virtually silent.
Which is nice.
But, keep in mind that they take FOREVER to
get warm, so they’re really not great for
short use.
These baseboard style heaters are a nice compromise,
but their surfaces do get much hotter so my
gut tells me it’s a little more dangerous.
And allow me to express my bewilderment regarding
a companion product for a space heater that
doesn’t seem to exist.
As I said, pretty much all space heaters have
a thermostat built-in.
But let’s be honest, they’re usually not
great.
It does regulate the temperature, but it’s
more of a… let it run until the room’s
as warm as you want, then slowly turn the
dial down until it shuts off.
Not very precise, or consistent.
And for those “Digital” heaters, having
the thermostat located within the unit itself
(like this) means it will never get a very
precise temperature reading of the room.
I’m surprised that you can’t just buy
a universal remote thermostat.
I can imagine something like a 10 foot long
heavy-duty extension cord with a thermostat
in the middle of it, letting you put it on
a table away from the heater itself, and set
an actual temperature.
You could actually build one yourself fairly
easily using a thermostat for baseboard heating,
but it seems like a product that should just
exist.
OK wait, it does exist.
Look at that!
An outlet thermostat.
That’s actually a really good idea.
Anyway, that’s it for now.
Dishonest marketing departments and misleading
labels are some of the most annoying things
we deal with on this planet, but thankfully,
with a little knowledge on how the world works,
we can see right through them.
Stick around a little longer for a few more
observations regarding my recent space heater
adventures, and be sure to check out the Technology
Connections 2 video about why I remade this
video.
As always, thank you to everyone who supports
the channel on Patreon, especially the fine
folks that are scrolling up your screen.
With the support of people just like you,
Technology Connections has gone from my hobby
to, this!
And I’m very thankful for your support.
If you would like to support the channel and
get perks like early video access, occasional
behind-the-scenes stuff, as well as other
Patreon-exclusive content, please check out
my Patreon page.
Thank you for your consideration, and I’ll
see you next time!
♫ swelteringly smooth jazz ♫
Alright, so I was ready to buy a heater just
like this one for this video, as Pelonis was
among my list of offending manufacturers who
categorize based upon room size.
But, at least for oil-filled heaters, they’ve
dropped that.
Now it simply says “whole room heater”.
They’re apparently not quite out of the
woods yet, as this little thing is marked
“small room” even though, you guessed
it, it’s 1,500 watts.
But, I will give them credit for this very
handy and truthful guide to which type of
space heater is appropriate for which application.
Though there were apparently a few render
bugs when it comes to the illustrations.
Comfort Zone is still happily slapping room
size suggestions on their products, but notably
their oil-filled heaters, at least the ones
for sale here, have gotten smaller and are
only rated 1,200 watts now.
My guess is that this was a cost-cutting measure,
and if you reduce its physical size and thus surface
area you’ll need to lower heat output, too.
Both Comfort Zone and Pelonis used to rate
this style as for a “large room”, but
perhaps as a result of the 300W reduction,
Comfort Zone has downgraded theirs to only
a “medium sized room”.
Which is actually even more humorous, because
this medium room heater produces less heat
than this small room heater.
Go figure.
I find this example particularly egregious
because they’re suggesting that a physically
larger heater, using the same ceramic heating
element technology, is better for a larger
room.
It’s got two heating elements!
Surely it puts out more heat!
No!
This is just yet another design that you can
pick from.
And hopefully you pick the most profitable
one!
Oh.
These things.
I wonder how many watts this uses.
Well, 5,127 prototypes, that’s useful I
guess.
I guess I’ll have to look that one up online.
