Hello everybody, it's Zack here.
I've been looking through the forums today
and what I've noticed is that the idea of
looking at intervals and finding out what
they are and how to fully describe them.
It's one of the areas that I think some
people might benefit
from having some extra assistance with and
some, some course of explanation.
So what I'm going to do here is I'm just
going to flash up some
intervals on the screen, I'm going to talk
through, roughly, the way that I would.
Approach working out what they are and
describing them
and hopefully just that this, this will be
useful for
some people because it will allow you to
almost see
the process happen in action and watch it
top through.
Now what I'm using here on the screen is
musictheory.net, I've just got to close up
of the.
Application.
I would say check out this website because
it is a fantastic one and
it'd be really useful for you practicing
some of the things that we're talking
about.
So, as I said I'm just gona really quickly
chat through a
few examples for you and give you some
tips as we go.
Okay so first thing I'm going to do is I'm
going to look
at the clef and I'm going to notice it's
the base clef.
Which means that this lowest note here is
a D.
Come up from our lowest note we get D, E,
F, G.
One, two, three, four.
So this is a fourth of some description.
Now, what I always say to people.
Is to look at the lowest note and imagine
that
you're in the major key of which this is
the tonic.
So if you look at the lowest note here,
we've got a D.
So what I want you to do is just imagine
that you're in the key of D major.
So if you're in the key of D major, you'd
expect
to find an F sharp and a C sharp and
nothing else.
So in this case we've got a G.
We're looking for D to G-natural.
G would occur in the key of D-major.
Now, for what we're going to call this, a
perfect fourth.
Let's click the button here and find out
if we're right.
[SOUND] Correct.
Perfect fourths.
So the lowest note here we've got is D.
Again, just by coincidence.
So what we're going to do is we're
going to carry up four.
One, two, three, four and the [INAUDIBLE]
G.
Now this is just sheer coincidence that
we're
getting a similar interval to the last
one.
And in the last one you said it was D to
G.
There were no other sharps and flats.
So therefore D to G was our perfect fouth.
Now we've got a D to a G, but this time
it's G sharp.
So we've got D to G sharp.
Now, because this upper note's been
sharpened.
It's make this note a semitone higher.
And what that serves to do is stretch
them,
the gap's a bit bigger now between the
bottom one.
And the top one.
So what we've got here actually is what
looks like a perfect fourth, if
it was just D to G, but it's been made
larger by one semitone.
So perfect if made larger by one semitone,
just going to
click on augmented fourth here and see if
we're right.
Okay, so this time what we're got in an A
to an F.
Now, we do have an F sharp on the
key signature, but because we've got an F
natural here.
This natural sign cancels out the sharp,
so what we
can say is this is an A to an F.
Let's out it out numerically.
One, two, three, four, five, six.
An A to an F is a sixth of some
description.
Now if we were in the key of A major, we
would expect to find an F sharp, C sharp
and G sharp.
Right so if this was to be A to F sharp,
what we
would find out is that this is a major
sixth, in fact it isn't.
There's natural, F natural is a semitone
lower than
the F sharp that we expect in the major
key.
So, what we can say then is that it's a
major interval that's
been made smaller by a semitone and that
gives us a minor sixth.
Let's click this and see if we're right.
Fantastic.
Okay, so in this case we've got an E to C
flat.
Let's work through this one then, because
this could be quite interesting.
We've got A, B, C, so that's one, two,
three.
We know it's a third of some description.
Now, if we had, If we will imagine that
we're in the key of the lowest note,
so A-major, we would expect to find an
F-sharp, C-sharp, and G-sharp.
So this is a C flat.
But not only is it a C sharp that's been
made lower by one semitone, taking it to a
C natural.
This has been lowered again, talking it to
a C flat.
So if we had a C sharp, it would be a
major
third, lower again to C natural, it would
be a minor third.
And lower again to a C flat, that's a
minor third that's been lowered by a half
step.
And a minor third that has been smaller by
a
semitone or by a half step, is a
diminished third.
Okay so let's have a look at this one,
this is an
F, because remember we're in the bass clef
now, to an A flat.
Now, if we were in the key of F major.
Remember we're [INAUDIBLE] we're in the
major key of the lower two levels.
Then we would expect to find a B flat and
that's all.
Now, in this case we've got an A flat.
So we would expect to find an A natural in
the key of F
major and that would be a major third
because we've got an A flat.
It's been lowered by a semi-tone.
Got an F to an A flat.
So that's no longer a major third as it
would be if we had an F
to an A, if we lowered by a semitone so
what we got is minor third.
Okay, so this is one of the examples.
Refer to that we can't really imagine
within the key of the lower note.
The reason for that is that our lower note
in this example
is a B sharp and there isn't a key of B
sharp major.
So what I'm going to say is, when we get
an example like this,
just ignore the accidental and ignore the
key signature and imagine that we're in.
A key of B major.
So you can imagine that this lower note is
a B
natural and therefore we will be in the
key of B major.
Now B major has F sharp, C sharp, G sharp,
D sharp and A sharp.
So we would expect this to be a D sharp.
So let's just go back one step then and
count the the number together with the
numeric code
description of them to [UNKNOWN] code BS1,
CS2, DS3
so this is the third of some of the
description.
I'd rather say if we ran in the key of B
major we do
expect that to be a D sharp, because
that's part of the key signature.
If that was a D Sharp, that we be a major
third.
Okay.
However, this is only a D natural, so B
still
ignoring the sharp for just now, B to D
natural.
Is a minor third.
Now because the lower note here has been
raised by a semitone,
what that does is that effectively makes
the interval smaller by a semitone.
The gap has been closed, making the
interval smaller.
So would be a minor start if it was B to
D, but what we've got is B sharp to D.
So it's actually a semitone smaller than a
minor
third, and we refer to that as as
diminished third.
Okay so what about this interval then.
We've got a B flat, to D flat.
Now if we were in the key of B flat major.
Again that's going to back imagining that
we're in the key.
Of which the lower note is the tonic B
flat.
You'd expect a B flat and an E flat.
Nothing else.
And what we find here is that we've
actually got a D flat.
So if this a B flat to D natural, it would
be major third.
But because it's a B flat to a D flat,
which is a semitone smaller.
That means to interval is a semitone
smaller than the major
third would be, so what we get is a minor
third.
