APPLAUSE
University Challenge.
Asking the questions, Jeremy Paxman.
Hello. Ancient plays modern tonight,
as one of Cambridge's older colleges
takes on one of Oxford's more recent,
in another first-round match.
The winners definitely go through to round two,
the losers could do so as well, if their score's good enough.
Now, Christ's College, Cambridge began life as God's House,
established in 1437, by the London clergyman William Bingham
to train grammar school teachers.
It was obliged to move to its present location
on St Andrew's Street
after Henry VI earmarked its site for his new King's College.
And it was refounded and renamed in 1505 by Lady Margaret Beaufort,
the mother of Henry VII.
It has a reputation for high academic standards
and for being on the wealthy side.
The author CP Snow was a fellow there,
and his novel, The Masters, is loosely based on the college.
Other alumni include the poet John Milton,
the naturalist Charles Darwin,
and, more recently, the historian Simon Schama
and the comedian Sacha Baron Cohen.
With an average age of 19,
representing around 600 fellow students,
let's meet the Christ's team.
Hi, I'm Vivek Midha, I'm from London and I'm reading economics.
Hello, my name's Joe Kitchen, I'm from Much Hadham in Hertfordshire
and I'm reading history.
And their captain.
Hello, I'm Douglas Morton, I'm from Bearsden, near Glasgow
and I'm studying law.
Ey-up. I'm Evan Lynch, I'm from Castleford in West Yorkshire
and I study natural sciences.
APPLAUSE
Now, Kellogg College, Oxford celebrated its 25th anniversary
earlier this year,
and is making its debut in this competition.
Its name acknowledges the financial assistance given to the university
by the foundation created by the breakfast cereal empire,
which is why it's Corpus Crispy to its friends.
LAUGHTER
Unusually, the college has no quad, no porter's lodge and no chapel,
and its intake is restricted to graduates,
many of whom are international or mature students.
A high proportion study part-time
and balance college life with their careers.
With an average age of 31
and representing around 800 students,
let's meet the Kellogg team.
Hi, I'm Jake McBride, I'm from Cheltenham
and I'm studying for a Masters in English literature.
Hello. I'm Victoria Ball, I'm from London
and I'm studying for a Masters in sustainability.
Hello. I'm Jonathan Finlay, I'm from Belfast
and I'm studying for a Masters in British and European history.
Hello, I'm Simon Dismore, I'm from London
and I'm studying for a Masters in cyber security.
APPLAUSE
Right, the rules are the same as ever.
Ten points for starters, 15 for bonuses.
There are five point penalties, remember, if you interrupt a starter question incorrectly,
so, fingers on the buzzers, here's your first starter for ten.
The discovery of sodium and potassium,
and the invention of the miner's safety lamp were...
Humphry Davy.
Sir Humphry Davy is correct.
APPLAUSE
So, Christ's, the first set of bonuses go to you.
They're on the invocation of the muse.
In each case, identify the title of the work quoted.
From a translation firstly of 1697,
"O Muse, the causes and the crimes relate what goddess was provoked
"and whence her hate.
"For what offence the Queen of Heaven began to persecute so brave,
"so just a man."
- What do you think? 
- I think the Odyssey. 
- You think the Odyssey? 
- Yeah.
The Odyssey.
No, it's Virgil's Aeneid.
Secondly, from a work thought to date from the 1590s.
"Nor sporting in the dalliance of love,
"in courts of kings where state is overturned,
"nor in the pomp of proud audacious deeds,
"intends our muse to vaunt his heavenly verse."
- No. I'm not sure. No idea. 
- That's in translation though, isn't it?
- Isn't it? 
- No, the work dates from... 
- Go for it.
The Fairy Queen.
No, it's from Marlowe's Doctor Faustus.
And finally, also dating to the 1590s,
"Oh, for a muse of fire
"that would ascend the brightest heaven of invention."
Again, it might just be...
Unless it's a Shakespeare play.
- I don't know what it would be. 
- No idea. 
- I'll go for it.
The Fairy Queen.
No, it's Henry V. Shakespeare.
Ten points for this.
Which country is this?
Around the size of Greece or England,
it became independent in 1971,
and is one of the world's most densely populated...
- Bangladesh. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
Bonuses for you on St Thomas Aquinas, Christ's.
At around the age of 20, Aquinas joined the mendicant order
known as the Order of Preachers, or Blackfriars.
The order is also known by what name,
after the saint who founded it?
- I think it's the Dominicans. 
- Dominicans, I would have gone for.
Dominicans or Franciscans... Go for it.
- The Dominicans. 
- Correct.
Aquinas published several commentaries
on which Greek philosopher,
whose thought he tried to combine and reconcile
with Christian principles?
- Aristotle. 
- OK. 
- That sounds right to me.
- Aristotle. 
- Correct.
Aquinas died in the Cistercian monastery of Fossa Nuova,
in Italy, in 1274,
having been summoned from Naples by the Pope
to an ecumenical council at which city
on the confluence of the rivers Rhone and Saone?
It sounds like it could be Avignon.
- Oh, it could be. 
- Yeah, might be.
Avignon.
No, it's Lyon. Ten points for this.
Elias Gotobed,
Frank Fenwick and Septimus Harding
are among the title characters created by which writer?
They are described respectively as The American Senator,
The Vicar Of Bullhampton and The Warden.
Thomas Hardy.
No. One of you like to buzz from Kellogg?
- Anthony Trollope. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
Right, Kellogg, these bonuses are on the noble gases.
Firstly, name either the English physicist or the Scottish chemist
who won Nobel prizes in 1904
for their work in isolating many of the noble gases.
- Just one? 
- Scottish.
- What year was it? 
- Kelvin? 
- Yeah.
- Yes, go for Kelvin. 
- He was Irish, was he not? 
- Kelvin?
No, he was a Scot.
Kelvin.
No, it was Lord Rayleigh and Sir William Ramsay.
OK, secondly, for five points,
in 2006, physicists in Russia announced that the seventh noble gas
had been made in a cyclotron,
dubbed element 118.
It was given the chemical symbol Uuo
and what temporary name?
It's Ununoctium.
Nominate Dismore.
Ununoctium.
Correct.
And finally, which of the noble gases has a name
derived from the Greek meaning idle, or without work,
in reference to the fact that it's chemically inert?
Run through them? Tell me the noble gases.
It's argon, krypton, neon, xenon.
- Because ergo was work, isn't it? 
- Yeah, maybe.
- Argon? 
- Argon is correct, yes, well done.
- APPLAUSE 
- We're going to take a picture round.
For your picture starter, you're going to see a diagram
of a constellation as defined by the International Astronomical Union,
with the relative apparent magnitude of the stars indicated.
For ten points, I want you to give me its name.
Orion?
Anyone like to buzz from Kellogg?
The whale?
- Er... No. 
- LAUGHTER
I'll tell you, it's Gemini.
That's how it comes to resemble a set of twins.
So, picture bonuses in a moment or two.
Another starter in the meantime.
Fingers on the buzzers, please.
Used for checking the acoustic characteristics of listening rooms
and auditoria, what type of noise is distributed evenly in all octaves?
- White noise. 
- No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
Noise is distributed evenly in all octaves.
The term comes from optics and is the perceived colour of light,
with a similar spectral density.
Is it grey noise?
- No, it's pink noise. 
- LAUGHTER
So, ten points for this.
What two-word name is usually given to the law of economy,
or law of parsimony,
expressed as "Pluralitas non est ponenda sine..."
- Occam's razor. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
Right, Christ's, you get the picture bonuses.
They are three constellations that appear near Gemini.
That, you recall, came in the starter question.
The relative apparent magnitudes of the stars is indicated,
and again, in each case,
I simply want you to identify the constellation.
Firstly, for five:
Canis Major...
Hang on, is that...
is that... Sagittarius?
It couldn't be Sagittarius,
it looks like...
Shall we just say Sagittarius?
It looks like it could be.
We'll go for it.
Sagittarius.
- No, it's Canis Major. 
- Ohh!
As you can see, the Greater Dog.
And, secondly:
I'm going to end up
saying Sagittarius or Canis Minor
for the rest of them.
Is that the arm?
It could be some sort of animal.
With a tail thing.
- Hang on, is it a goat? 
- A goat?
I don't know any goats.
- Capricorn would be the goat. 
- Capricorn? OK.
Capricorn.
No, it's Monoceros, the unicorn.
There you are.
And, finally:
That's denser, isn't it? Say again?
- Oh, hang on... 
- Yeah, no, it is. It's Orion. 
- It's Orion.
- Orion. 
- Well done. 
- APPLAUSE
See how he becomes Orion with
his belt and his bow, there we are.
Right, ten points for this.
An Olympic stadium in which city bears the name of Luis Companys...
- Barcelona. 
- Barcelona is correct, yes.
APPLAUSE
Christ's, your bonuses are on the screenwriter and dramatist,
Peter Morgan.
Firstly, born Francis Aungier Pakenham,
which campaigning Labour peer was the subject of a 2006 film
written by Morgan?
That could be Tony Benn. But then, I suppose, campaigning...
He was originally a peer.
It's not going to be Lord Mandelson, he's the Prince of Darkness...
Tony Benn.
No, it was Lord Longford.
Secondly, Peter Morgan's screenplay The Queen
was filmed with Helen Mirren in the title role.
What title did he give to his stage play,
first performed in 2013,
for which Helen Mirren reprised the role,
and in which eight Prime Ministers are depicted on stage?
- Was it The Young Victoria? 
- No, no, no.
- An Audience? 
- She was talking on stage.
- An Audience? 
- Something like that, I don't know.
- An Audience With The Queen, or just An Audience? 
- Something like that.
An Audience.
I'll accept that. Yes, The Audience. Yes.
And finally, the actor Michael Sheen has appeared as Tony Blair
in three films written by Peter Morgan,
The Queen, The Deal, and which other?
Based on Blair's dealings with Bill Clinton.
- I've seen that! 
- It's not...
- No, I was thinking of a Michael Douglas film. 
- I don't know.
- No, I can't remember what it is called. 
- No ideas? 
- No, can't remember.
Sooty II.
PAXMAN LAUGHS
It's The Special Relationship. Ten points for this.
According to the German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies,
Gemeinschaft,
meaning social relations based on close personal and family ties,
is in direct contrast...
Gesellschaft.
Well done, yes.
APPLAUSE
Kellogg, these bonuses are on a Spanish surname.
The founder of a dynasty overthrown in 1979,
Anastasio Somoza Garcia was the dictator of which country,
for almost 20 years, until his assassination in 1956?
- South American country, clearly. 
- South America.
Where had a dictatorship?
In the '50s, didn't Argentina have one?
No, no.
Try Argentina, if we don't have anything better?
- Argentina, do you have anything better? 
- No, go for it.
- Argentina. 
- No, it was Nicaragua.
Secondly, Carlos P Garcia became president of which country
in 1957, on the death of Ramon Magsaysay?
He'd earlier been active in the resistance to the Japanese
during World War II.
- Resistance to the Japanese? 
- Philippines? 
- Philippines.
Yeah, I thought...
- Philippines. 
- Correct.
Alan Garcia was president of which country from 1985 to 1990,
and from 2006 to 2011?
His first term was marked by hyperinflation,
and the rise of the Shining Path guerrilla movement.
- Pretty sure that's Colombia. 
- Oh, yes, Colombia.
Colombia.
No, it's Peru.
Ten points for this.
Which two nonmetallic elements
make up more than 70% by weight of the Earth's crust?
Silicon and oxygen.
Correct.
APPLAUSE
Right, these bonuses, Christ's, are on terms coined by alchemists.
All three include the Latin word for water.
Firstly, what two-word term
denotes a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid,
and refers to the ability of the mixture
to dissolve so-called noble metals,
such as gold and platinum?
Aqua regia?
- Aqua regia. 
- Correct.
Used for dissolving metals other than gold,
which liquid was prepared by mixing either sand, alum, or vitriol,
or the last two together with saltpetre,
and then collecting the distillate?
Its modern name is nitric acid.
- That might be... 
- Yes, yes, it is.
- Aqua Fortis. 
- Correct.
And finally, what two-word term
denotes a concentrated aqueous solution of ethanol,
obtained by distillation from wine or fermented juices?
The distilled liquor has a notably higher alcoholic content
than beer or wine.
- Is it aqua vita? 
- Aqua vita? There's something there.
- Aqua vita. 
- Or aqua vitae, yes.
- Right... 
- APPLAUSE
Time for a music round.
For your music starter, you'll hear a piece of classical music
based on the rhythm of a traditional dance.
Ten points if you can identify the dance
after which the piece is usually named.
SOMBRE OPERATIC ARIA
- Tango. 
- No.
You can hear a little more, Kellogg.
Polka?
No, it's a habanero or havanaise.
From Carmen, of course, the music. Right, ten points for this.
Much used by amateur film-makers, which film format...
- Super Eight. 
- Super Eight is correct.
APPLAUSE
So you get the music bonuses.
They're three more pieces
underpinned by the rhythm of the habanera,
a Cuban dance in slow double-time.
In each case, I want you to identify the composer of the piece you hear.
Firstly, for five, this French composer.
CLASSICAL ORCHESTRAL MUSIC
THEY MUTTER
I don't think it's Ravel. I'll go for...
Debussy.
- No, that's by Ravel. 
- Ohh.
Secondly, this American composer, please.
CRACKLY RECORDING OF SOLO PIANO
THEY MUTTER
- it's Joplin... 
- That's good, actually. Joplin?
Joplin.
It is Scott Joplin, yes.
And finally, this French composer.
VIOLIN CONCERTO
What do we think?
I could stick with Debussy, unless it's anything...
It couldn't be anything earlier, could it?
Berlioz? No, because he was "Habanera".
I'm not sure.
Right, I think we'll go for it.
Debussy.
No, that's by Saint-Saens.
Right, Kellogg, still plenty of time. We're only halfway through.
You could easily come back.
Right, ten points at stake in this starter question.
Curtmantle, Rufus, and the Merry Monarch
were nicknames of Kings of England
who share which regnal number?
Two.
Second is correct, yes.
APPLAUSE
Impressively quick.
Right, a set of bonuses on installations
credited to the artist Banksy.
In 2006, Banksy placed a life-size replica
of an orange-suited Guantanamo Bay prisoner
in which US tourist attraction?
- Somewhere in Florida, I'd say. 
- Do you think? 
- Really?
- He's done stuff in LA before, but I don't... 
- Tourist attraction.
- Name a big tourist attraction. 
- OK, try it out. 
- You said Florida.
I just thought because, that's where people come in from Guantanamo Bay.
- They try to escape to. 
- So, Disneyland? 
- Disneyland. 
- Right.
Say Disneyland Florida.
Disneyland Florida.
No.
Disneyland, I would accept, which is in California.
The one in Florida is Disney World.
So, I'm afraid I can't accept that.
And secondly, in 2006, Banksy doctored copies of a music CD,
replacing original tracks with his own remixes
entitled, "Why Am I Famous And What Am I For?"
before placing them in record shops around the UK.
Who had originally recorded the CD?
Don't know.
It'll be somebody he's making a political point against.
Or somebody who's just utterly talentless.
- Just name someone. 
- Peter Andre. 
- Yeah?
- LAUGHING: 
- Peter Andre.
LAUGHTER
- No, it's even worse than that. It's Paris Hilton. 
- LAUGHTER
In 2011, an oversized, amended version of which board game
was reportedly a gift from Banksy to the anti-capitalist protesters
camping outside St Paul's Cathedral?
- Monopoly? Are you sure? 
- Or Risk? 
- Monopoly.
- Monopoly. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
Ten points for this.
Which fine-grained,
extrusive, igneous rock is found in the form of hexagonal columns...
- Basalt. 
- Basalt is correct, yes.
APPLAUSE
Your bonuses, Christ's, are on French intellectuals.
Firstly, the work of which French philosopher, sociologist and critic
includes The History Of Sexuality and The Order Of Things?
He died in 1984.
- Foucault. 
- Correct.
On Television, The Logic Of Practice, and The State Nobility
are among the works of which sociologist and public intellectual
who died in 2002?
I was going to say...
- But it's not him. It's not Derrida, it's too late for him. 
- No. 
- Maybe...
Who else could it be?
KITCHEN MUTTERS
- Oh, if only! 
- Come on.
Chirac.
- What, as in Jacques Chirac? 
- Aye. 
- LAUGHTER
No.
I don't think you'd call him an intellectual by any stretch of the imagination.
- LAUGHTER 
- It was Pierre Bordieu.
And finally, a major exponent of deconstruction,
which French philosopher's works include Writing And Difference,
and Speech And Phenomena?
He died in 2004.
- Derrida. 
- Derrida is correct, yes.
APPLAUSE
Right, ten points for this starter question coming up.
It's a picture starter.
For your picture starter, you are going to see the name of a country
written in that country's national language.
For ten points, I want the country's common English name.
- Hungary. 
- Correct.
APPLAUSE
Picture bonuses. Three more national endonyms.
That is, the name of a country in the language of its inhabitants.
In each case, I want the common English name of the country.
Firstly:
Oh, that's... That's...
Beafrika. That could be difficult.
- What kind of script is it? 
- Well, it's... 
- I don't know.
See, it makes me think it's South Africa, but South Africa is...
No, it's not South Africa.
Nigeria? I think I'm going to say Nigeria.
Nigeria.
No, that is the Central African Republic, in Sango.
Secondly:
- That's Albania. That's Albania. 
- Is it? 
- Yes, definitely.
- Albania. 
- Correct.
And finally, this country, where the predominant language is English:
- I think I know that. 
- Oh, that's New Zealand.
- New Zealand. 
- Well done.
APPLAUSE
Right, ten points for this. What was the surname
of the siblings and lexicographers
who edited the 1911 Concise Oxford Dictionary?
After the death of his brother Francis,
Henry went on to complete the Dictionary Of Modern English Usage.
Fowler.
Fowler is right, yes.
APPLAUSE
Christ's, your bonuses are on words
composed of letters in reverse alphabetical order.
For example, solid and wolf.
Give the word defined in each case.
With six letters, a primitive aquatic animal, firstly,
of the phylum Porifera,
that has a collagen skeleton and no internal organs.
- I've got nothing. 
- A jellyfish?
- A jellyfish. 
- No, no, no. 
- Six letters.
No, I don't know, I have nothing.
- Pass. 
- It's sponge.
Secondly, with five letters,
a traditional Bohemian dance
that features in Smetana's opera The Bartered Bride.
- That could be Polka. 
- Yes... 
- Polka, polka is in reverse order. 
- Yeah, go for it.
- Polka. 
- Correct.
And finally, with four letters,
the white crystalline solid
that is the primary means of excess nitrogen excretion in mammals.
- It's four letters. 
- Urea?
- Nitrogen and... 
- Urea? 
- Yes, it is. 
- Yes.
- Urea. 
- Urea is correct.
There's about four and a quarter minutes to go,
and ten points at stake for this.
Name either of the two countries that according to
the UK Permanent Committee On Geographical Names
use the definite article in their short, official name.
The Gambia.
The other one is The Bahamas, correct.
APPLAUSE
So, you get a set of bonuses this time on a regnal name, Christ's.
Noted for his arrest of Pope Martin in 653,
Theodore I Calliopas was twice Exarch
of which city on the Adriatic?
It was a centre of Byzantine power
from the sixth to the eighth centuries.
- Right, it could be... 
- On the Adriatic. 
- Bari, Venice, erm...
- Venice wasn't Byzantine. 
- No, it was... No, it wasn't.
It was separate from it. What've we got?
Not going to be Romania. Perugia, no.
- Ravenna? 
- Ravenna? Ravenna is a good, that's a good shout.
- Yeah. 
- Let go for that.
- Ravenna. 
- Correct. 
- Well done.
Theodore II has been described as the first modern ruler
of which African country?
He died after a British military expedition
stormed the fortress of Magdala in 1868.
- Ethiopia. 
- Correct. Abyssinia, as it was.
The German adventurer Theodore Baron von Neuhoff
was briefly King of which Mediterranean island,
where he landed in 1736?
It came under French rule in 1769.
- Sounds like Corsica? 
- It could be Corsica because... 
- Yeah, it is, I think.
- Corsica. 
- Correct.
- APPLAUSE 
- Ten points for this.
Diplodocus and Apatosaurus were members of which subgroup of the...
- Sauropods. 
- Sauropod is correct.
- APPLAUSE 
- You get a set of bonuses, this time,
Kellogg, on bridges in Northern Europe.
Named after the strait it spans,
which structure features in the Nordic police drama The Bridge,
and connects Copenhagen in Denmark with Malmo in Sweden?
- It's not the Golden Bridge, think of something else. 
- Unless it's from...
Unless it's like "fff-"... Does it have a J? Or a K?
Fjord car bridge.
It's not Golden Bridge.
- No, try that. 
- Golden Bridge.
No, it's the Oresund bridge.
Secondly, what name was popularly given in English
to the Ludendorff Bridge across the Rhine in Germany,
captured by US forces in March 1945?
- Do you know? 
- No, I'm so sorry.
Name a bridge in the Second World War.
- Arnhem. 
- Yeah.
- Nominate Dismore. 
- Arnhem?
No, it was the bridge at Remagen.
And finally, completed in 2013,
the Hardanger bridge is the longest suspension bridge
in which Nordic country?
- Finland? Do you know Finland? 
- Nordic. 
- It's not Finland.
- It must be Norway. 
- OK. Go for Norway.
- Norway. 
- Correct. 
- APPLAUSE
Another starter question.
What short surname links the philosophical work
Straw Dogs: Thoughts On Humans And Other Animals,
the poem, Elegy Written In A Country Churchyard...
Gray. Gray is correct, yes.
APPLAUSE
John and Thomas.
These bonuses are on fish, Christ's.
Fish are typically divided into three classes,
the Agnatha, or jawless,
the Chondrichthyes, or cartilaginous,
and which other?
- Erm... 
- What other kinds of fish do you have?
Well, could you not have both?
- There's the dolphin. Dolphins aren't fish. 
- Boneless?
- Boneless. Could be bony, though. 
- Sharks are fish, though.
Come on, let's have it, please.
- Bony. 
- Bony is correct, yes, the Osteichthyes.
Secondly, fish have a sensory system
consisting of mechano-receptors arranged in a network
along the head and body, and known by what two-word term?
- Dorsal fins? 
- Yeah.
- I don't have a clue. 
- I'm defaulting to dorsal fins.
Dorsal fins.
No, it's the lateral line system.
And finally, almost all modern fish
have a hydrostatic or ballast organ
that lies in the body cavity just below the kidney,
- known by what common two-word name? 
- Swim bladder. 
- Swim bladder? 
- Yeah.
- The swim bladder. 
- Correct.
- APPLAUSE 
- Ten points for this.
Which US author had a moon crater named after his novel,
Dandelion Wine?
His breakthrough work in 1950 was a collection of short stories about...
GONG CRASHES
- APPLAUSE 
- And that's the gong.
It was Ray Bradbury, the answer to that.
You're too late, I'm afraid.
After the gong.
APPLAUSE
Well, Kellogg, you know...
You've appeared, that's the point!
LAUGHTER
That's the whole point. You came here and you...
did what you could.
LAUGHTER
Which wasn't very much, but it was a pleasure to have you.
Thank you very much.
Christ's, many congratulations to you.
205 is a terrific score,
we shall look forward to seeing you in the second round.
Thank you for joining us, too.
I hope you can join us next time,
but, until then, it's goodbye from Kellogg College, Oxford.
ALL: Goodbye.
- It's goodbye from Christ's College, Cambridge. 
- ALL: Goodbye.
And it's goodbye from me. Goodbye.
APPLAUSE
