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“We all know the atomic bomb is very dangerous,”
said the 1950s American-made educational short
film, ‘Duck and Cover’.
It seems somewhat of an understatement.
Videos such as this have been said by some
to be propaganda films to scare the west out
of its wits regarding Soviet nuclear strength,
but the movie has also been said to be factually
incorrect.
Some scientists stated that by the time you’d
see something to duck and cover from, it would
be too late.
Others said it all depends on distance.
The British followed with a slew of nightmarish
nuclear annihilation information films scaring
the bejeebies out all of those Brits glued
to their TVs.
Such disaster infomercials and educational
films are now parodied, but those were some
scary days.
Today we’re going to look at the biggest
threat of them all, in this episode of The
Infographics Show, How Powerful is the Tsar
Bomba?
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First of all, what is the Tsar Bomba?
For years from the late 1940s to the early
1960s, the Soviets had been testing nuclear
bombs at quite a rapid rate.
The BBC reports that they tested 26 nuclear
bombs in the year of 1958 alone.
But the Soviets came up with one particular
bomb that was a giant, bigger than those dropped
on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki,
known as ‘Little Boy’ and ‘Fat Man’.
There were plenty of code names and nicknames
for this monster: Project 27000, Product Code
202, RDS-220, RDS-202, Kuzinka Mat, Vanya,
and more, but it came to be known in the west
as the Tsar Bomb or King of Bombs.
It weighed 27,000 kg (60,000 pounds), was
8 meters (25 feet) in length and had a diameter
of 2.1 meters (6.9 feet).
It had a blast yield of 50 megatons, but it’s
said the Soviets could produce a 100 megaton
bomb.
The BBC reports, “It was more than a metal
monstrosity too big to fit inside even the
largest aircraft – it was a city destroyer,
a weapon of last resort.”
To put that into context, it was so powerful
that the plane dropping the bomb on the one
and only test only had a 50 percent chance
of surviving.
They had to deploy a one ton parachute holding
the bomb so it could drop slowly and then
detonate.
The pilots should then have been 50km (30
miles) away, and they had a chance of surviving.
When it did drop and detonate on Severny Island,
part of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago about
400 km (248.5 miles) off the Russian mainland,
the blast could be seen 1,000 km (630 miles)
away.
The actual mushroom cloud reached 64km (40
miles) in height and spread over a distance
of around 100km (63 miles).
The worst thing is, people actually lived
in the village of Severny, which was about
55km (34 miles) from Ground Zero.
It’s said all the houses there were completely
destroyed, but the death toll has never been
reported.
Even in places 100s of miles from the detonation
site, houses were damaged.
The pilot did escape, but not before he lost
control of his plane and it plummeted around
1,000m (3,300ft).
According to one source, “The heat wave
from the explosion was enough to cause third
degree burns to human skin as far away as
100 km (60 miles) and the electromagnetic
energy generated by the event crippled communication
in the northern Soviet Union for more than
an hour.”
It’s also reported that the blast shattered
windows as far away as Norway and Finland.
Now, if we consider that the bomb that fell
on Hiroshima on 6 August, 1945, killed 60,000
to 80,000 people instantly on detonation,
and in total about 135,000 or more due to
radiation sickness, we might ask what kind
of damage this monster might have done if
it had been dropped on, say, an American city.
We should also state that years after the
Japanese destruction, scores of people were
said to have suffered from cancer as a result
of radiation.
The Tsar Bomb was said to be 1,500 times more
powerful than those bombs dropped on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki.
Some have said it was even too big, with one
US analyst stating, “It’s hard to find
a use for it unless you want to knock down
very large cities.
It simply would be too big to use.”
With this in mind, what if one of those bombs
was dropped on a city such as London, or New
York, would the Duck and Cover advice be any
good?
According to Nukemap, a website that actually
attempts to illustrate what would happen in
such a situation, if the Tsar Bomb was dropped
on London with the population as it is now,
about 5.8 million people would die.
If the bomb was dropped on the center of London,
the Independent reports that people living
in Reading would suffer third degree burns.
Reading is about 37 miles (59km) from London
as the bird flies – and bomb blasts don’t
take the roads.
All buildings situated around the M25 (a motorway
that goes around London) would collapse, and
anyone living in that area if not dead from
the blast would possibly die of radiation
exposure within a week.
Nukemap, which was created by American nuclear
historian Alex Wellerstein, actually lets
you pick a spot and then detonate a bomb at
places around the world.
We chose Manhattan and we also chose the Tsar
Bomb (a number of nuclear bombs are available).
The bomb would have a fireball of about 5
miles (8km) and the radiation zone would stretch
to Times Square and the Brooklyn Bridge.
This is the zone in which between 50 and 90
percent of people would immediately die if
they didn’t get medical assistance.
One person pointed out that both cities of
London and New York might fare better than
other cities because they have so much life
going on underground.
Even so, for those above ground, just about
anyone in the New York Metropolitan area would
have third degree burns due to thermal radiation.
The sickness and death that would follow in
the weeks to come would be unspeakable.
We are talking about the 50 megaton bomb here,
too, not the 100 megaton bomb that the Russians
could have made.
We dropped a theoretical 100 megaton bomb
on Paris to see what would happen according
to Nukemap.
The fireball radius would be 6.1 km (3.7 miles),
and an air blast radius of 32.6 km (20.2 miles).
This alone, according to Nukemap, would mean
within this area, “most residential buildings
collapse, injuries are universal, fatalities
are widespread.”
Anyone who is 73.7 km (45.7 miles) from the
middle of Paris would likely suffer third
degree burns or worse.
For all these cities it would be hard to estimate
the number of deaths, but it is likely that
anyone living close to the detonation site
would be lucky to survive.
We’ve been curious about the United States
nuclear program lately, so we decided to listen
to an audiobook written by investigative journalist
Eric Schlosser.
His book, called Command and Control - Nuclear
Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion
of Safety, uncovers secrets about the management
of America’s nuclear arsenal.
It also touches on the subject of deploying
weapons of mass destruction without being
destroyed by them first.
We use Audible because it allows us to read
our favorite books while we’re at home,
and listen to them while we’re out doing
other things.
This book in particular is great for anybody
who wants to learn more about the nuclear
readiness of the United States.
Audible is offering our listeners a free audiobook
with a 30-day trial membership, so you can
check out the book we just talked about risk
free.
Download a title free and start listening.
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