mobile phones play a fundamental role in
telecommunications and are now essential
devices in everyday life but how come a
so small device allows us to communicate
with any person around the world no
matter where we are in this video we
will explain how your mobile phone is
able to transfer the call and why there
are many generations of mobile networks
the modern mobile phones are able to
transfer the calls thanks to the support
of the MSC acronym for mobile switching
centers which as we will see contains
the main information of your SIM cards
and provides the transfer of the calls
to the right recipients
JAES is constantly engaged in the supply of all those spare parts necessary for the
proper functioning of the mobile
switching centers which they need to be
constantly working 24 hours a day hours
a day let's try to get a closer look of
the main components of a mobile phone
which are responsible for the call
transfer when you want to start a phone
conversation your voice is recorded by a
microphone the microphone is nothing but
a detector and a sound converter which
converts sound pressure into electric
signal once the sound wave of your voice
has been transformed into an electrical
signal this signal is sampled by a tiny
sensor inside the phone called MEMS
sensor this sensor basically samples the
electric wave of your voice many times
per second and digitizes it thus we pass
from the analog world to the digital
world since the wave is converted into
discrete values represented by a
sequence of zeros and ones in this way
your voice
after being transformed into a digital
signal can be easily memorized and
eventually sent through the antenna the
antenna sends the digital signal of your
voice in the form of an electromagnetic
wave this wave is able to transmit the
zeros and ones of the signal by
modifying its amplitude
dude frequency and period values or even
changing their configuration taking the
example of frequency the zeros are
transmitted in the form of a low
frequency wave while the ones are
transmitted in the form of a high
frequency wave the electromagnetic wave
containing the information of your voice
must be able to reach the phone receiver
of the person with whom you want to talk
unfortunately
electromagnetic waves are not able to
travel long distances and lose their
power whenever their trajectory is
deviated by large buildings electronic
devices or in the presence of bad
weather conditions but even if there are
no obstacles along the wave trajectory
its linear paths could not go on forever
due to the curvature of the earth
for this reason special antennas are
installed the so called
cellular radio towers which use cellular
technology to transmit the
electromagnetic wave to their right
recipient cell towers are distributed
throughout the territory in order to
divide it into many hexagonal areas each
area is simply called cell and has its
own antenna with its own frequency bands
usually cells are connected to each
other by radio bridges or specific
optical fiber cables placed under the
ground or even underwater to ensure
national and international connections
as we've already said the
electromagnetic wave produced by your
phone contains the information of your
voice this wave is collected by the
antennas of the cell tower of the
hexagonal area in which you find
yourself the radio cell converts the
wave into light pulses which are
subsequently transferred and collected
at the base of the cell tower right
inside the transceiver module after
processing the signal the transceiver
sends the ladder to the radio cell of
destination the radio cell of
destination in turn really berate s' the
received signals and transmits it again
in the form of an electromagnetic wave
to the mobile phone of the purse
you want to talk to at this stage the
signal undergoes the inverse process so
the wave containing the information of
your voice is converted into an
electrical signal and subsequently into
sound so your voice can now be heard by
the receiver we can therefore say that
the mobile communication network is not
only Wireless but also uses landline
technology to to transfer the call from
your phone to the recipients phone but
how does your cell tower know what is
the exact location of the cell tower of
the recipient of your call thanks to the
mobile switching Center the mobile
switching center is nothing but a
telephone switching center for mobile
radio users and can simply be defined as
the electronic evolution of the
switchboard in which the operator
manually patched through the calls to
the right recipients the MSC therefore
represents the central point for a group
of cell towers
since inside it contains all the
information stored in the SIM card of a
group of telephone users so the MSC that
recorded the information of your SIM
card in its database is called home MSC
this information can be the serial
number of the sim the location area
identifier that is the last visited
geographical area but also the service
plan the pin code but above all the
telephone number if you travel outside
the geographical area covered by your
home MSC a new MSC will handle your
calls communicating with your home MSC
that will always know your cell location
and therefore will correctly direct your
incoming calls to your phone
a technique of your MSC to know exactly your
geographical area is to periodically
update information on your position this
update takes place whenever you're
moving through a certain number of cell
towers to better understand these
dynamics we can take the example of a
typical call made by
plant technician who wants to contact
JAES to have a direct feedback on the
supply of an industrial spare part that
should be replaced in the plant as soon
as possible when the technician dials
the mobile phone number of JAES on his
phone the call request arrives at his
home MSC his home MSC in turn provides to send the request to JAES home MSC
now JAES home MSC checks what is the
current JAES MSC to see if the JAES
operators are in the central office or
if they are engaged in other plants
luckily the operator who answers the
call is always present at the JAES
headquarters and he can immediately
answer the call
if JAES operator is out of the office
JAES home MSC simply sends the call
request to the MSC of the corresponding
geographical area when we talk about
mobile communication we need to talk
about the electromagnetic spectrum that
is the set of all the possible
frequencies of the electromagnetic
radiations mentioned at the beginning of
this video users are in fact in a
certain range of frequency which means
that their phone devices have a specific
bandwidth that is different from all the
others but if we look at the billions of
mobile phone owners around the world we
can notice that the frequency spectrum
available is quite limited for this
purpose many bandwidth are carefully
distributed in different cell towers so
as to be distributed among the active
users in that specific geographical area
mobile communication has significantly
evolved in just a few decades during
which different generations of mobile
phone technologies as well as new
telecommunications standards have come
and gone the first generation systems
which appeared in the 1980s under the
name 1g have allowed us to have a
completely wireless phone the problem
with these phones was that they could
only transmit analog signal and could
only handle voice calls the analog
signal can easily be altered from ex
sources therefore the quality of the
communication offered by the first
generation of mobile phones which were
very voluminous devices presented many
issues such as the poor audio quality
and the frequent interruptions in order
to improve transmission quality system
capacity and signal coverage the second
generation of 2g mobile networks has
marked a breaking point with the
previous technology focusing on the
digital switchover introduced by the GSM
standard the use of digital technology
marked the birth of the first data
transmission services in the form of
text messaging service SMS MMS and
Wireless Application protocol which is
the standard that allowed us to access
for the first time special web content
from our mobile phones the 3G technology
introduced in the early 2000s allowed us
to offer a further speeding up of data
transfer thanks to the introduction of
the WCDMA protocol and is a particular
technology that increases data
transmission rates in gsm systems a
further increase in bandwidth has
allowed the 3G phones to have a data
transmission speed of 2 megabits per
second useful for sending and receiving
GPS signals videos and voice calls 3G
technology actually marks the transition
from the common mobile phone to the
current smartphone the acronym 4G
identifies the fourth and current
generation of mobile telephone services
this technology allows smartphones to
have data rates from 20 to 100 megabits
per second suitable for television and
high resolution movies the feature of
the next 5g generation that will
differentiate it from previous
communication standards is its
connection speed the 5g in fact should
be between 100 and 1000 times faster
than 4G the 5g in fact will take
advantage of the millimeter wave which
is the band of spectrum between 30
gigahertz and 300 gigahertz the highest
possible frequency spectrum 5g will
represent the communicative standard
designed for the Internet of Things
and home automation finally if you found
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