Greg:
 SO INTRIGUE TAKES THE DAY
 HERE AT THE LONG BEACH CUP
 WITH A STUNNING PERFORMANCE
 IN THE FINAL LEG OF THE RACE.
 LET'S GET A WORD WITH INTRIGUE
 SKIPPER SCOTT DICKSON.
CONGRATULATIONS, SCOTT,
ON A SPECTACULAR WIN.
WELL, THKS
VERY MUCH, GREG.
WE WERE PROBABLY
SURPRISED AS ANYONE
AT WINNI THAT RACE
BUT WE SAILED
IT BY THE BOOK
AND IT REALLY
PAID OFF FOR US.
WELL, I BET
A LOT OF SAILORS
WOULD LIKE TO
READ THAT BOOK.
WELL, I'VEOT THE
BOOK RIGHT HERE
IF YOU'D LIKE
TO TAKE A LOOK.
WHAT'S THAT?
THE OK THAT
WE SAIL BY.
CHECK IT OUT.
WELL, BUT...
BUT THIS
IS A PSICS BOOK.
 SPORTS FIGURES:
PUT YOUR BRAIN IN THE GAME.
NAUTICAL TERM NUMBER ONE:
SAIL.
NAUTICAL TERM NUMBER TWO:
BOAT.
SAILBOAT.
YOU GOT YOUR SAIL
AND YOU GOT YOUR BOAT.
THE WIND COMES ANG
TO PUSH THE SAIL
AND THERE YOU GO--
YOU'RE SAILING.
IT SIMPLE, RIGHT?
NOW, HERE'S A QUESTION FOR YOU.
IF A SAILBOAT
GETS PUSHED BY THE WIND
HOW CAN IT EVER SAIL
INTO THE DIRECTION
THE WIND IS COMING FROM?
AND HOW COME
A SAILBOAT SAILS FASTEST
WHEN THE WIND ISN' BEHIND IT?
AND HOW COMEOME SAILBOATS
CAN ACTUALLY SAIL FASTER
THAN THE WIND?
HOW THE HECK
DOES THIS THING WORK?
MMM.
A SAILBOAT WORKS LIKE THIS:
I'M NOT KIDDING.
AND A SAILBOAT
ALSO WORKS LIKE THIS:
( airplane engine roars )
AND M ALSO NOT KIDDING.
DOES A SAILBOAT
WORK LIKE AN AIRPLANE
 AND A WATERMEL SEED?
YES.
SEE? I'M NOT KIDDING.
( loud creaking )
WHEN YOU THINK OF FORCE
IN SPORTS
YOU PROBABLY THINK OF, LIKE
 FOOTBALL OR HOCKEY.
BUT SAILING IS PROBABLY THE
ST SOPHISTICATED USE OF FORCE
IN ALL OF SPORTS.
FORCE.
( rapid clanking )
NAUTICAL TERM NUMBER THREE:
SCOTT DICKSON.
SCOTT IS A FULL-TIME
PROFESSIONAL SAILOR.
HE'S COMPETED
IN THE KENWOOD CUPS
AND SAILED IN REGATTAS
IN FRANC SPAIN, RUSSIA--
ALL OVER THE WLD.
HE ALSO RANKED IN THE TOP 100
OF THE OMEGA WORLD
MATCH-RACE RANKINGS.
SO, SCOTT, HOW DO YOU SAIL
A SAILBOAT?
SABOAT IS POWERED
BY THE WIND.
UH-HUH.
AND, OBVIOUS, THE WIND BLOWS
INTO THE SAILS
AND I GUESS THAT'S WHY
IT'S CALLED A SAILBOAT.
CAN A SAILBOAT ACTUALLY IL
FASTER THAN THE WIND?
ABSOLULY, YES.
ABSOLUTELY?
ARE THERE ANY SPECIFIC
KIND OF BOATS THAT CAN DO THIS?
WELL, CATAMARA,
AMERICA'S CUP YACHTS
ICE BOATS.
SO A SAILBOAT CAN SAIL
IN ALL DIRECTIS
NO MATTER WHICH WAY
THE WIND IS BLOWING.
RIGHT, AND THE MOST OBVIOUS
IS WITH THE WIND
COMING FROM BEHIND Y, AND
THAT'S CALLED "GOING DOWNWIND."
Jeff:
 WHEN A SAILBOAT SAILS
 WITH THE WIND BEHIND IT
 THE WIND DOES
 JUST PUSH IT ALONG.
 IT'S CALLED
 "SAILING WITH THE WIND."
YOU COULD SAIL
WITH THE WIND COMING
OVER THE SIDE OF YOUR BOAT.
THAT'S CALLED "REACHING."
Jeff:
 WHEN A SAILBOAT
 HAS THE WIND COMING ACROSS
 IT'S CALLED "A REACH."
OR YOU CAN SAIL WITH THE WIND
COMING ALMOST AT YOUR BOW
WHICH IS CALLED
"GOING TO WEATHER."
Jeff:
 WHEN A SAILBOAT SAILS
 JUST OFF-ANGLE
 FROM THE DIRECTION
 THE WIND IS BLOWING
 IT'S CALLED "INTO THE WIND."
Man:
W WILL WE COME UP
TO THE STARTING LINE?
THAT'S WEI, RIGHT?
HOW COULD THE SAILBOAT
SAIL INTO THE DIRECTION
THE WIND IS COMING FROM?
EVEN WEIRDER IS
THAT THE SAILBOAT SAILS FASTEST
WHEN THE WIND IS COMING
ACROSSHE BOAT ON A REACH.
IT'S WEIRD, RIGHT?
YOU'D THINK THE BOAT WOULD G
THE FULL POWER OF THE WIND
BY RUNNING IN FRONT OF IT.
THAT BRINGS US BACK
TO OUR AIRPLANE
OR MORPRECISELY,
OUR AIRPLANE WING.
THE SAIL ON A SAILBOAT WORKS
JUST LIKE AN AIRPLANE WING.
( grunting )
( snapping sound )
NOW, YOU SEE HOW
THE WING IS DESIGNED?
IT'S FLAT ALONG THE BOTTOM HERE
BUT CURVED AT THE TOP
AND WHEN T WIND PASSES OVER IT
SOMETHING INTERESTING HAPPENS.
 THE WING SPLITS
 THE STAM OF AIR.
THE AIR THAT GOES UNDER THE WING
 GETS DEFLECTED AND SLOWED.
 THE AIR DIVERTED
 OVER THE TOP OF THE WING
 HAS TO GO UP AND OVER
 THE CURVE.
 THE AIR GOG OVER
 THE TOP OF THE WING
 HAS TO REACH THE BACK
 OF THE WING
 AT THE SAME TIME
 AS THE AIR THAT WENT UNDER.
 WHAT THAT MEANS IS
 THE AIR GOING OVER THE TOP
 HAS TO TRAVEL FASTER.
SO THE WING IS JUST A DECE
THAT CONTROLS THE SPEED OF AIR.
IT GETS THE AIR GOING OVER
ONE SIDE OF IT
GOING FASTER THAN THE AIR GOING
OVER THE OTHER SIDE.
SO... WHAT DOES THAT DO FOR US?
( gurgling ):
IT HAS TO DO WITH PRESSURE.
AN AIRPLANE FLIES
AND A SAILBOAT SAILS
FOR EXACTLY THE SAME REASON--
PRESSURE--
AND WE OWE IT ALL
TO AN 18th-CENTURY PHYSICIST
BY THE NAME OF DANIEBERNOULLI.
BERNOULLI WROTE A PAPER IN 1738
CALLED HYDRODYNAMICA
WHICH, IN CASE YOU DON'T SPE
LATIN, MEANS "HYDRODYNAMIC."
NOW, ONE OF THE THINGS
HE PROVED IS
THAT THE FASTER A GAS
OR LIQUID MOVES
THE LOWER THE PRESSURE
AND THAT AREAS
OF HIGHER PRESSURE
PUSH TOWARDS AREAS
OF LER PRESSURE.
NOW, THIS MIGHT NOT SEEM
LIKE MUCH
BUT THIS IDEA WAS SO IMPORTANT
THAT THEY NAMED IT
"BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE."
THIS IS THE REASON AIRPLANES FLY
AND SAILBOATS SAIL.
SO THIS BERNOULLI GUY WAS,
UH, PRETTY IMPORTANT.
( undering )
 WHAT BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE
 MEANS TO OUR WING
 IS TT THE FASTER MOVING AIR
 ON TOP H A LOWER PRESSURE
 THAN THE SLOWER MOVING AIR
 ON BOTTOM.
 THE HIGHER PRESSURE AIR RESULTS
 IN A FORCE PERPENDICULAR
 AT A RIGHT ANGLE,
 TO THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN
 THE HIGH PRESSURE AND
THE LOW PRESSURE, LIKE THE WING.
WE CALL THAT FORCE "LIFT."
ON AN AIRPLANE
IT LIFTS THE PLANE.
WELL, NOT THIS ONE
'CAUSE IT'S BROKEN.
OKAY, SO THAT'S HOW IT WORKS
ON AN AIRPLANE
BUT A SAILBOAT DOESN'T FLY
RIGHT?
WELL, ACTUALLY IT DOES.
U SEE, THE SAIL OF A SAILBOAT
IS REAY JUST A WING
TURNED ON ITS EN
SO, SCOTT, THE SAIL
ACTUALLY IS A WING.
IT'S SHAPED TO HAVE A CURVE
SO THAT
WHEN THE WIND FILLS THE SAIL
THE WIND FOLLOWS A CURVE 'ROD
TO GENERATE LIFT.
OKAY, SO IT HAS LIFT,
JUST LIKE AN AIRPLANWING.
SIMILAR. AN AIRPLANE
WING LIFTS IN A
VERTICAL DIRECTION
UH-HUH.
A SAIL LIFTS A BOAT IN
A HORIZONTAL DIRECTION.
Greg:
 THE SAIL IS BEING LIFTED
FORWARD, NOT PUSHED BY THE WIND.
TO FEEL LIFT
JUST STICK YOUR HAND OUTSIDE
THE WINDOW OF A MOVING CAR.
NOW, DON'T TRY THIS AT HOME.
I'M A TRAID PROFESSIONAL
UNDER CONTROLLED LABORATORY
CONDITIONS.
NOW, IF YOU JUST TIP YOUR HAND
UP A LITTLBIT
YOU CAN FEEL IT
GETTING LIFTED UP
NOT SHED BACK
LIKE YOU MIGHT EXPECT.
THAT'S BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE
AT WORK.
 SEE, THE AIR HAS TO MO FASTER
 TO GET AROUND THE FORWARD SIDE
 OF THE SAIL:
 FASTER AIR, LOWER PRESSURE.
 THE SAIL ISN'T BEING PUSHED
 FORWARD BY THE WIND.
 IT'S BEING PUSHED FORWARD BY
 THE DIFFERENCE IN AIR PRESSURE.
 THE FORCACTS PERPENDICULAR
 TO THE SAIL, LIKE THIS.
WA A SECOND.
SOMETHING IS NOT RIGHT HERE.
IF I WANT TO GO THIS DICTION
BUT THE WIND IS COMING
IN THIS DIRECTION
 CREATES A FORCE
IN THAT DIRECTION.
WHAT THE HECK IS GOING ON RE?
 THE WIND IS BLOWING THIS WAY
 AND WE WANT TO SAIL
 IN THIS DIREION
 AND THE LIFT FORCE
 PULLS IN THIS DIRECTION
 NOT THE DIRECTION
 WE WANT TO GO IN.
 SO, HOW DO WE MOVE FORWARD
 INSTEAD OF SIDEWAYS?
TO FIGURE IT OUT,
WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND SOMETHING
ABOUT THE FORCES AT WORK
ON THE BOAT.
ONE OF THE THINGS WE KNOW
ABOUT FORCE IS
THAT WE CAN BREAK IT DOWN
INTO PIECES, ITS COMPONENT
TO DO THIS, WE USE
WHAT ARE CALLED "FORCE VECTORS."
( engine revving )
 THE LIFT FORCE ON THE SAIL IS
 GOING IN THIS DIRECTN.
 USING VECTORS,
 WE CAN BREAK IT DOWN
 INTOTS COMPONENTS,
 ITS PARTS, LIKE THIS.
 THERE'S A LATERAL PART PUSHING
  THIS DIRECTION
 AND A FORWARD COMPONENT
 IN THIS DIRECTION.
OKAY, YOU GUYS
ARE THE FORCE
ACTING ON THE SIDE
 THE BOAT.
LET'S SEE WHAT HAPPENS
WITH OUR SIDEWAYS--
ORATERAL-- PART OF OUR FORCE.
OKAY, WH'S
GOING ON?
All:
IT'S NOT MOVING.
OKAY, SO NOW TRY BEING
THE RWARD COMPONENT
OF THE FORCE.
OOH, WHOA!
OKAY, OKAY.
WHAT HAPPENED?
WELLTHE BOAT MOVED
FORWARD
BECAUSE IT'S DESIGNED
TO GO FORWARD--
IT CUTS THROUGH
THE WATER.
YEAH, THE BOAT'S NOT DESIGNED
TO MOVE SIDEWAYS.
OKAY, SO THE SHAPE OF THE HULL
RESISTED BEING PUSHED SIDEWAYS
BUT IT DIDN'T RESIST
MOVING FORWARD.
 THE DESIGNF THE HULL
 KES IT SO THE BOAT RESISTS
 GOING SIDEWAYS
 BECAUSE IT HAS TO PUSH AGAINST
 ALL TH WATER.
 BUT GOING FORWARD IS
 EASY FOR THE BOAT.
 IT'S DESIGNED TO GO THAT WAY.
 SO THE LATERAL COMPONENT
 OF OUR FORCE IS CANCELED OUT
 BUT NOT THE FORWARD COMPONENT
 SO WE GO FORWARD.
 IN REALLY STRONG WINDS,
 THE LATERAL FORCE ON THE BOAT
 COULD BE SO GREA
THAT THE HULL COULDN'T RESIST IT
 SO WE HAVE TO ADD SOMETHING
 ELSE TO OUR BOAT.
NAUTICAL TERM NUMBER 38: KEEL.
SEE, WHEN THE WI PUSHES
SIDEWAYS
AGAINST THE BO LIKE THIS
LOOK WHAT IT HAS
TO PUSH AGAINST.
THE HULL AND THE KEEL PRESENT
A BIG, FLAT SURFACE
IN THE WATER.
THE WIND HAS TO PUSH AGAINST
ALL THAT WATER.
BUT LOOK AT THE BOW OFHE BOAT.
IT'S TOTALLY DESIGNED
TO SLIP THROUGH THE WATER
WITH THE LEAST RESISTANCE
POSSIBLE.
HERE'S HOW A SAILBOAT WORKS:
WHEN THE WIND COMES ACROSS
THE BOAT ON A REACH LIKE THIS
THE SAIL SPLITS THE WIND,
SOME OF THE WIND HITS THIS SIDE
AND PUSH OUT THE SHAPE
OF THE SAIL
AND THE AIR THAT GOES AROUND
THE OTHER SIDE CREATES
THE BERNOULLI EFFECT
WITH THE FORCE
IN THAT DIRECTION.
 THATORCE HAS LATERAL
 AND FORWARD COMPONENTS.
 THE HULL OF THE BOAT
 AND THE KEEL UNDERNEATH IT
 RESIST LATERAL MOVEMENT
BUT E BOAT IS DESIGNED TO HAVE
AS LITTLE RESISTANCE AS POSSIBLE
IN THE FORWARD DIRECON,
SO THE BOAT SHOOTS FORWARD.
TWO OPPOSING FORCES:
THWIND IN ONE DIRECTION
AND THE WATER AGAINST THBOAT
IN THE OTHER DIRECTION--
SAILING.
THE SEED SHOOTS OUT
BECAUSE OF ITS SHAPE--
THE CURVED SFACE.
IT'S ALMOST SHAPED
LIKE THE HULL OF A BOAT.
THE FASTER THE WIND MOVES
THE GREATER
THE BERNOULLI EFFECT.
SO IF THE WIND DOUBLES IN SPEED
THE FORCE MORE THAN DOUBLES--
IT QUADRUPLES.
SO A TEN-KNOT WIND
WILL GIVE YOU
FOUR TIMES AS MUCH FORCE
AS A FIVE-KNOT WIND.
THAT'S A LOT OF FORCE.
SO WITH ALL THIS FORCE HERE
IT'S NO WONDER THAT A BOAT
CAN SAIL FASTER THAN THE WIND.
 BECAUSE
 OF THE BERNOULLI PRINCIPLE
 THE BOAT'S SPEED DOESN'T DEPEND
 ON THE SPEED OF THE ND
 BUT ON THE DIFFERENCE
 IN PRESSURE
 ON EITHER SIDE OF E SAIL.
 SO A BOAT WITH VERY LITTLE
 RESISTANCE IN THE WATER
 CAN EASILY BE LIFTED TSPEEDS
 FASTER THAN THE WIND.
OBVIOUSLY THE'S
A TON OF SCIENCE INVOLVED
IN MAKING A SAILBOAT SAIL.
NOW, YOU DON'T NEED  KNOW
ALL THIS JUST TO SAIL A BOAT
BUT IT WOULD MAKE YOU
A BETTER SAILOR.
BUT WHO IN REAL LIFE
WOULD ACTUALLY NEED TO KNOW
L THIS STUFF?
THIS GUY RIGHT HERE.
 TH IS ALAN ANDREWS
AND HE DESIGNS SAILBOATS
FOR A LIVING.
SO WE KNOW THAT THE SAIL
ON A SAILBT WORKS AS A WING.
RIGHT?
RIGHT.
BUT ERE'S ANOTHER WING
ON THE SAILBOAT.
IT'S THE KEEL.
THE KEEL'S KEEPING THE BOAT
FROM GOING SIDEWAYS.
IT'S CREATING LIFT THAT OFFSETS
THE FORCE FROM THE SAILS
AND KEEPS THE SAILBOAT
FROM GOING SIDEWAYS.
 THE UNDERBODY OF A BOAT LOOKS
 REAL CLOSE
 TO HALF OF AN AIRPLANE.
 YOU'VEOT THE KEEL
 IN THE MIDDLE OF THEOAT
 AND THEN IN THE STERN,
 YOU'VE GOT THE RUDDER.
 SO IF YOU TAKE AAIRPLANE
 AND SLICE IT DOWN THE MIDDLE
 AND TURN IT ON ITS END SO ONE
 SET OF WINGS IS POINNG DOWN
IT RESEMBLES THE UNDERBODY
OF A SAILBOAT.
SO, ALAN,
DESIGNING SAILBOATS...
I MEAN, IT SOUNDS
LIKE A PRETTY COOL JOB.
HOW DID YOU GET
TO DO THIS?
I WAS INTO SAILING AND I STARTED
SKETCHING A FEW THINGS
AND THEN KIND OF THOUGHT,
"OKAY, WHAT DO I HAVE TO DO
TO BE ABLE TO GO FROM THERE?"
AND I FOUND OUT THAT
YEAH, IT DOES INVOLVE
A LOT OF MATH.
IT DOES INVOLVE SCIENCE.
I STUDIED DRAFTING AND MATH
IN HIGH SCHOOL
THEN I WENT TO COLLEGE
AND STUDIED MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING.
SEE, BERULLI'S PRINCIPLE WORKS
WITH GASES AND LIQUIDS
SO THE KEEL WORKS
LIKE A WING INHE WATER.
 IF WE TURNED AN AIRPLANE
 ON ITS SIDE
 AND PUT IT IN THE WATER,
 LOOK WHAT WE GET--
 A WING UND THE WATER,
 LIKE THE KEEL.
 THE FUSELAGE IS
 LIKE THE HULL OF THE BOAT
 AND THE OTHEWING IS
 LIKE THE SAIL.
NAUTICAL TERM NUMBER 438:
MESS.
OKAY, SO, WHAT DID WE LEARN?
THAT A SAILBOAT ACTUALLY CAN
GO FASTER THAN THE WIND.
BECAUSE A SAILBOAT SAILS
LIKE THE WING OF AN AIRPLANE.
A WING WORKS BECAUSE OF THE WAY
IT CONTROLS ITS AIRSPEED.
RIGHT, THE BERNOULLI PRINCIPLE--
AT THE FASTER THAT A GAS
OR A LIQUID IS MOVING
THE LOWER THE PRESSU.
AND THE HIGH PRESSURE AREA
EXERTS A FORCE
IN THE DIRECTION
OF THE LOW PRESSURE.
D THE WHOLE BOAT WORKS
AS A WING IN THE WER.
WE LEARNED THAT YOU CAN BREAK A
FORCE DOWN INTO ITS COMPONENTS.
RIGHT, USING VECTORS.
BECAUSE WIND AND THE WATER ARE
OPPOSING FORS
THEY SHOOT THE BOAT FORWARD,
LIKE A SEED.
OKAY, WELL,
I GUESS YOU GUYS GOT IT.
LET'S DO SOME SAILING.
I'D LIKE TO THANK
SCOTT DICKSON...
THE S. SAILING CENTER
AND, OF COURSE,
ALL OUR STUDENTS:
BETSY, BERNATTE
JORDAN AND DAVE
FOR HELPING US OUT TODAY
ON ESPN2 SPORTS FIGURES:
"SAILING WITH BERNOULLI."
