Our good old Solar System is actually a pretty
bizarre place, what with all its out-of-this-world
phenomena that we humans haven't managed to
explain yet!
There are rumors that a gigantic, undiscovered
planet is hiding behind Neptune, volcanoes
on Pluto spew ice, and a colossal canyon on
Mars can accommodate the whole US territory,
and most of Cleveland!
Well, let's figure out if it's true by talking
about the most mystifying Solar System facts.
- The Solar System is 4.6 billion years old!
So old, it’s a Senior Solar System.
Scientists came to this conclusion after they
studied the oldest material they managed to
get a hold of - and by that, I mean meteorites,
of course.
- You won't be able to wear a hat on Venus.
Ever.
And try just to stand on your feet!
The planet is insanely windy - its upper winds
blow 50 times faster than the planet rotates.
What's more, these fierce winds never stop
and can even get stronger with time!
- Wanna get away?
You'll have to travel 11 billion miles away
from Earth before even leaving the Solar System.
Take your Google maps with you.
- You've probably heard of methane gas, a
byproduct of natural processes, such as volcanic
activity – and cows?
Anyway, this gas is not only a part of the
Martian atmosphere, but also the thing that
confuses astronomers to no end!
The thing is that the volume of methane on
Mars keeps wavering, and scientists just can't
figure out where it might be coming from!
Can there be cows on Mars?
- As you may remember, Pluto used to be a
planet but was stripped of this title in 2006.
Later, it was reclassified as a dwarf planet.
Gee make up your mind!
But the most unexpected fact about this celestial
body is that its diameter is smaller than
that of the US!
See for yourself: the greatest distance across
the country (from Maine to Northern California)
is about 2,800 miles.
As for Pluto, it's only 1,473 miles across.
In fact, if you laid Pluto right down in the
middle of the United States, you’d crush
the heck out of Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska.
Bad idea.
- the Planet Uranus or Uranus – you can’t
win either way -- rotates on its side, and
astronomers have no idea why the planet has
chosen such an unusual position.
The culprits could be ancient mega-powerful
collisions; but so far, it's just a theory.
By the way, this is the only planet laying
on its side.
- Our Sun is insanely massive!
Want some proof?
Well, 99.86% of all the mass in the Solar
System is the mass of the Sun - in particular,
the hydrogen and helium it's made of.
The remaining 0.14% is mostly the mass of
the Solar System's eight planets.
- Earth might not be the only tectonically
active planet in the Solar System.
Astronomers have spotted some landforms looking
like cliffs on Mercury!
If it's so, the tectonic activity could explain
the rapid shrinking of the planet.
- In most sci-fi movies about space, the main
character gets into an asteroid belt and must
dodge countless rocks that threaten to damage
their spacecraft.
Sorry to disappoint, but that’s nothing
like the real thing.
The only asteroid belt astronomers know about
is located between Mars and Jupiter.
There are thousands of asteroids in this region,
but they're so widely spaced that the chance
of collision is next to nothing.
Ah, you just ruined it!
Sorry.
- Behind the orbit of Neptune, lies the mysterious
Kuiper Belt, filled with massive icy objects.
The most curious thing about this space formation,
though, is that scientists can’t explain
the pattern of its movement.
The only explanation they have is that Neptune
might be hiding a ginormous planet from our
sight.
This hypothetical planet has already got the
name Planet Nine, and all we have to do is
wait until its existence is confirmed.
Or not.
- Volcanoes on Earth are as different from
those on Pluto as fire and ice.
And I mean it!
While we have volcanoes spilling lava on our
planet, the volcanoes on Pluto spit... ice!
When frozen, water expands, and this enormous
pressure builds up until one day - bang! - the
ice erupts.
In the process, a new cryovolcano gets formed.
- One of Saturn's moons, Lapetus, has a unique
color - it's two-toned.
One of its hemispheres is light, and the other
is eerily dark.
Scientists haven't figured out this mystery
yet.
- There’s another weird thing about Pluto,
or rather, about its atmosphere.
First, it rises way higher above the surface
of the dwarf planet than, for example, the
Earth's atmosphere.
What's more, the atmosphere on Pluto has more
than 20 layers, and all of them are super
cold and very condensed.
- We live inside the Sun.
No, I don't mean that we're the inhabitants
of the red-hot ball of light approximately
93 million miles away!
The thing is that the Sun's atmosphere stretches
far beyond its visible surface.
And our planet is right within its reach.
In fact, it’s the gusts of solar wind that
create the breathtaking phenomenon known as
the Northern and Southern lights.
- The ocean on Jupiter is larger than any
other on the rest of the Solar System's planets.
But wait!
It's not the type of ocean you’re thinking
about.
The one on Jupiter isn't made of water.
This mesmerizing thing consists of metallic
hydrogen, and its depth is a staggering 25,000
miles, which is almost the same as the circumference
of the Earth!
- The Sun's atmosphere is hotter than the
surface of the star.
While on the surface, the temperatures reach
10,000 degrees F, the upper atmosphere heats
up to millions of degrees!
Scientists suspect that explosive bursts of
heat from the sun might have something to
do with this unique phenomenon.
- People came to know about Saturn's beautiful
rings in the 1600s.
But only recently, it became apparent that
Saturn isn't the only ringed planet.
All the giant gas planets: Uranus, Neptune,
and Jupiter, have rings of their own, but
they’re thin and almost impossible to see.
As for Mars, Venus, and Earth: they’re made
of rocky materials and have no rings whatsoever.
- Our Solar System isn't the only one in the
Milky Way Galaxy.
Far from it, the galaxy we live in houses
about 100 billion solar systems!
And if that’s just our galaxy alone, can
you imagine how many are in the whole Universe?
- At any given moment, here on Earth, you
can stumble across a rock that's arrived from
Mars.
After scientists analyzed the chemical content
of some meteorites found in the Sahara Desert,
Antarctica, and other places on our planet,
they came to the shocking conclusion that
they have a Martian origin.
- Since Mercury is the closest planet to the
Sun, many people simply assume that it's also
the hottest.
And that's where they get it wrong because,
in fact, Venus (which is about 30 million
miles further from the Sun than Mercury) is
way hotter!
The thing is that Venus has an incredibly
thick atmosphere, which is 100 times denser
than the one we have on Earth!
On top of that, this atmosphere consists almost
entirely of carbon dioxide, also known as
a greenhouse gas.
These factors make the temperatures on the
planet rise to a staggering 875 degrees F,
which is hot enough to melt lead.
As for Mercury, its maximum temperatures reach
only 800 degrees F.
- Jupiter's moon, Lo, exists in never-ending
chaos due to hundreds of smoking volcanoes
on its surface.
If you ever visit this place, send me a postcard
– no -- you'll see the smoke from these
volcanoes billowing up high into Lo's atmosphere.
- The most enormous volcano in the whole Solar
System (at least, that we know of) is on Mars!
The size of this monster is almost as great
as the state of Arizona, and its height is
as big as that of Mount Everest!
How did it grow this huge?
The answer is simple – there’s much less
gravity on Mars in comparison with our planet!
- Even if you're a tiny celestial body, you
can still have a moon of your own.
(Hey, it’s not that hard…)
In 1993, the Galileo probe was traveling past
a miniature asteroid that was no more than
20 miles across, and discovered that the little
thing had a 1-mile-wide moon.
Since then, astronomers have found tons of
moons orbiting minor planets in our Solar
System.
- The valley called Valles Marineris, on Mars,
is more than 10 times larger than Earth's
Grand Canyon.
And it's another thing that puzzles astronomers
- after all, Mars isn't a planet with active
plate tectonics!
- On the surface of Jupiter, there’s a weird
region that's called the Great Red Spot.
Recently, astronomers have concluded that
this spot is actually a storm that’s been
raging on the planet for centuries.
But some 20 years ago, scientists noticed
that the red region started to shrink.
Nowadays, it's just half the size it used
to be.
And still, the spot is one and a half times
bigger than Earth.
Do you know any other unusual facts about
our Solar System that I've missed?
Then let me know down in the comments!
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