
English: 
"Can the Lightning Network rules be changed and
updated easily, unlike [the Bitcoin blockchain],
which requires super-majority consensus (almost
everyone must agree) for simultaneous upgrade?"
"Can groups of users use different variations of
the channel rules and form a separate sub-network,
with or without maintaining compatibility
to the entire Lightning Network?"
That is a really great question.
The Lightning Network rules can be 
changed and upgraded quite easily.
Lightning is a peer-to-peer [overlay] network
that does not have a consensus layer of its own.
It uses the Bitcoin consensus layer.
Of course, Lightning Network rules can be changed, 
but the transactions used to implement channels...
must be valid Bitcoin transactions,
so they must conform to Bitcoin's rules.

Chinese: 
“闪电网络规则可以轻易改变吗？
还是像[比特币区块链]那样
需要超级多数的共识（差不多每个人都必须同意）才能同步升级？“
“一组用户是否​​可以使用不同的通道规则并形成一个单独的子网络，
而且在这种情况下，有没有可能与整个闪电网络保持兼容性？“
这是一个非常好的问题
闪电网规则可以很容易的更改和升级
Lightning是一种点对点[覆盖]网络
它没有自己的共识层
它使用比特币共识层
当然，闪电网络的规则可以改变， 
但是用于实现通道的交易......
必须是有效的比特币交易，
所以他们必须符合比特币的规则

English: 
Lightning can't get around Bitcoin rules 
because its security depends on it.
However you use the Bitcoin rules to form a Lightning
channel and route, how the routes are updated,
all of that is off-chain.
It is not part of the Bitcoin consensus rules [the way an
on-chain transaction is]. Therefore it can be modified.
There are a number of Lightning Network specifications
that have different sets of rules on how they work.
The [standard] most people refer to when 
they say "the Lightning Network" is the one...
[made in a] collaboration [between] three 
different companies and open-source projects,
under a set of common standardized specifications
called 'Basics of Lightning Technology' (BOLT).
You can find that on GitHub in a repository called
'Lightning-RFC,' which means "request for comments."

Chinese: 
闪电网络交易无法绕过比特币规则 
因为它的安全性依赖于它
但是，当您遵循比特币规则来形成闪电通道后，支付路线以及路线如何更新，
所有这些都是脱链的
它不是比特币共识规则的一部分[方式在线交易是]。因此可以修改
闪电网络有许多规范
它们的工作方式有不同的规则集
大多数人提到的[标准]闪电网络是指...
由三家不同的公司和开源项目合作完成，
根据一套被称为“闪电技术基础”（BOLT）的通用的标准化规范
您可以在GitHub上的一个名为'Lightning-RFC'的存储库中找到它，它的意思是“征求意见”

Chinese: 
如果我没记错的话，它[目前]有[11]份文件，BOLT＃1  -  11，
它指定了闪电网络运行在比特币和莱特币区块链上的不同部分
这是今天每个人正在谈论的比特币的主网和测试网
这是符合BOLT标准的网络;所有这三个实现都符合BOLT规范......
互操作：如何建立连接，如何找到同伴，如何构建支付路线
如何创建哈希时间锁合同（HTLC）用于在通道上转发付款，
如何将多个支付通道链接在一起形成一条路线，超时应该怎么处理，
以及该系统的各种其他细节

English: 
If I remember correctly, it [currently]
has [eleven] documents, BOLT #1 - 11,
which specify different parts of the Lightning Network
that is running on the Bitcoin and Litecoin blockchains.
That is the mainnet and testnet everybody 
is talking about in relation to Bitcoin today.
That is a BOLT-compliant network; all three 
implementations use the BOLT specification...
to interoperate: how to establish communication,
how to find peers, how to construct routes
how to create a Hashed Timelock Contract (HTLC)
that is used to forward payments on a channel,
how to link multiple payment channels together
to form a route, what the time-outs should be,
and various other details of the system.

English: 
That is not the only specification.
There is another one called 'Lit.'
Ethereum uses another specification for a network
called Raiden. Within the Lighting [development space],
beyond the BOLT specification, there is a 
significant amount of research happening...
by a number of different groups.
I believe that BOLT uses the original payment channel-
Sorry, no, it uses a second-generation 
payment channel [design] specification,
called a Poon-Dryja channel, named after the co-authors
of the paper: Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja.
[Most payment channel designs] require nLockTime,
a specific [parameter in] the Bitcoin script.
The current channels [recommended by the 
BOLT specifications are the Poon-Dryja design].
[They also use] the CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY opcode.

Chinese: 
这不是唯一的规范。
还有一个名为'Lit'的规范
以太坊使用另一种网络规范，叫Raiden。也用在闪电网络 [开发领域]内，
除了BOLT规范，还有大量的研究在进行中......
由许多不同的团体进行这些研究
我相信BOLT使用的是原始付款通道 -
对不起，不，它使用了第二代支付通道[设计]规范，
被称为Poon-Dryja频道，这个名字来自于论文的工作作者：Joseph Poon和Thaddeus Dryja
[大多数支付通道设计]需要nLockTime，
这是一个比特币脚本中的特定[参数]
目前的通道[推荐 Poon-Dryja设计 的BOLT规范]
[他们还使用] CHECKSEQUENCEVERIFY操作码

Chinese: 
闪电网络开发的其他参与者，发明了一些新的通道[设计]
[包括Decker-Wattenhofer双工付款通道和Decker-Russell-Osuntokun通道]
有许多不同的制作付款通道的方法
其中一些规则相当有趣， 
具有更高级的附加功能
[其中一些设计]最终可能会作为未来的BOLT纳入标准，成为现实
然后允许闪电网络上的不同客户
支持新型支付渠道，
路由算法，节点发现 算法，或支付[方法]

English: 
There are newer channel [designs] invented by some
other participants in Lightning Network development,
[including Decker-Wattenhofer duplex payment
channels and Decker-Russell-Osuntokun channels].
There are a number of different
ways to make payment channels.
Some of those rules are rather interesting, 
with more advanced additional capabilities.
[Some of those designs] might end up being
incorporated into the standard as future BOLTs,
which then allows different clients on the Lightning
Network to support a new type of payment channel,
routing algorithm, node discovery 
algorithm, or funding [method].

Chinese: 
例如，多通道融资,
您可以将单笔交易为多个支付通道提供资金
原子多路径，您将通过多种通道收集较小的付款
“原子”[在这种情况下]意味着它们不能被拆分
还有其他有趣的[可能的功能]
像通道工厂，你可以外包出去......
为第三方创造通道， 
和瞭望塔，这是一种[监控机制] ......
可以在没有透露任何私人信息的情况下让其他人观看您的付款通道
所以你不需要总是在线[确保有人不作弊]
这些发展都在进行中; 
它们不是当前BOLT规范的一部分，
但它们可能在未来改善闪电网络，成为BOLT规范的一部分
闪电网络现在非常基础，
仍在进行beta测试，距离完成还很远
还有很多事情可以做

English: 
For example, multi-channel funding, where you send
a single transaction to fund multiple payment channels.
Atomic multi-paths, where you [route] a payment, as a
collection of smaller payments, over multiple channels.
"Atomic" [in this case] means they cannot be divided.
There are other interesting [possible features]
like channel factories, where you can outsource...
the creation of channels to third parties, 
and watchtowers, [a dispute mechanism]...
where other people watch your payment channels
without revealing any private information,
so you won't need to always be online
[to make sure someone doesn't cheat].
These developments are all happening; 
they are not part of the current BOLT specification,
but they may become part of the BOLT specification
in the future to improve the Lightning Network.
The Lightning Network is very basic right now,
still in beta-testing and very far from completion.
There is still a lot that can be done.

Chinese: 
目前的研究状况可能比真正的闪电网络实施提前了两年
有很多有趣的提案
因此，闪电网络可以在没有比特币[许多]共识限制的情况下发展
我之前已经谈到了这个问题。由于共识，
比特币等的发展和演变......
开放的公共区块链会变得更加保守
随着时间的推移，你将会有越来越少的变化
这意味着，最终，大部分创新必须转向上层
您仍然需要使用共识层
但基础层的比特币，不会改变
你将有更多的创新机会
这正是闪电网络[发展]发生的事情
“为什么开发者在主网建成之前发布闪电网络？“

English: 
The state of the research is probably two years
ahead of the current live network implementation.
There are [a lot of interesting] proposals.
So the Lightning Network can evolve without
[many of] the consensus limitations in Bitcoin.
I have talked about [this before]. Because of consensus,
the development and evolution of Bitcoin and other...
open public blockchains becomes more conservative
over time, so you will have fewer and fewer changes.
This means that, eventually, most of the 
innovation must move to layers above.
You will still need to use the consensus layer in
Bitcoin, that won't change. But on the layers above,
you will have more opportunities for innovation.
That is exactly what has is happening 
with Lightning Network [development].
"Why did the developers release the Lightning
Network for mainnet before it was completed?"

Chinese: 
他们没有，[实际上]。一大堆人[一起]黑掉了 testnet客户端并开始运行它们......
在比特币主网上，这违背了开发组的意愿，让人们大吃一惊
在人们完成之前，就把它匆忙部署到了主网，这促使闪电网络开发人员更快的完成它们
我不知道这是好事还是坏事。
我之前参加了主网的部署，我感到内疚...
开发人员想要发布它，所以我们去了
“先保密一个密钥，然后(解密)并在稍后广播的目的是什么?"
“为什么先隐藏然后再公开？有什么好处？
请举个例子。“
这是一个特定的概念，即预先承诺;
在密码学中有许多不同的应用

English: 
They didn't, [actually]. A whole bunch of people hacked
[together] the testnet clients and started running them...
on the Bitcoin mainnet, to the great consternation and
against the wishes of those who developed the clients.
People rushed it into mainnet before it was complete,
pushing the Lightning developers to finish them faster.
I don't know if that was a good thing or a bad thing.
I am guilty of participating in mainnet before...
the developers wanted to release it, so there we go.
"What would be the purpose of keeping a statement
secret, then [decrypting] and revealing it later?"
"Why hide and then reveal? What is the benefit?
Please give us an example."
This particular concept, a pre-commitment, is used
in cryptography for a number of different reasons.

English: 
One example is in the Lightning Network, which uses
what is called a Hashed Timelock Contract (HTLC).
which is [a type of] payment channel commitment
based on the SHA-256 hash of a secret number.
You would commit money that can only be redeemed
if this secret, the pre-image, is revealed.
The only way that the person at the end of the channel,
or the sequence of channels, can receive their money...
is if they reveal the secret to the person just before them,
who can then only receive their money if they reveal...
the secret to the person just before them.
The secret to roll backwards through the sequence
of payment channels, and everybody is paid.
It gives you a guarantee that the other party will only
be paid if they reveal a secret [in this sequence].

Chinese: 
一个例子是闪电网络，它使用
什么叫做哈希时间锁合同（HTLC）。
这是[一种]支付渠道的承诺
基于密码的SHA-256哈希算法
你会投入用于支付的钱
当这个谜题被解开时，钱才能赎回来
在通道对端的那个人，只有在次序合适的通道交易中，才可以收到他们的钱......
如果他们把这个秘密告诉了他们前面的人，那么只有当前面的人把这个秘密告诉付款人之后，收款人最终才能收到他们的钱
密语的传递就是这样环环相扣下去
通过支付通道的顺序向后滚动的秘密是，每个人都得到了支付
它向你保证，只有在对方按顺序传递密语时，对方才会得到报酬

English: 
[By] revealing the secret, you also get paid. They can't
cheat you. The same concept is used in atomic swaps.
For example, if I commit funds with 
another party on two different chains...
-- let's say litecoin and bitcoin -- [it is done] in such a way
that I can only [redeem] the litecoin they give me...
by revealing the secret that allows them
to [redeem] the bitcoin I have given them,
then neither of us can cheat.
We first commit funds to a hash, then we 
reveal the pre-image in one of the transactions,
which allows the other party to receive the 
[funds] on the other side of the atomic swap.
That is a mutual guarantee where no one can cheat.
"In the Lightning Network, what prevents a bad actor
from using the revocation transaction to steal coins?"
"I have been trying to understand the game theory
of commitment and revocation transactions...

Chinese: 
[传递]密语，你也得到报酬。他们不能
欺骗你，在原子交换中使用相同的概念
例如，如果我在两个不同的链条上向另一方承诺资金......
- 比如说莱特币和比特币，以这种方式我只能[赎回]他们给我的莱特币......
只能通过给出通过他们验证的密语
来[赎回]我给他们的比特币，
然后我们俩都不能作弊
我们首先将初始资金附着在Hash值上，然后我们在其中一个交易中显示前映像，
这使得另一方可以在原子掉期的另一端获得资金
这是一个相互保证，没有人可以作弊的过程
“在闪电网络中，什么阻止了一个坏人构造撤销交易来窃取硬币？“
“我一直在努力理解承诺和撤销交易的博弈论......

Chinese: 
关于闪电网络的，
但我没有看到为什么有人不能主动使用......
撤销硬币的撤销交易。“
“你能解释一下, 只有在一个承诺交易(commitment transaction)恶意传播时，
才能撤销密钥吗？“
“是什么能阻止恶意的闪电网络节点故意退出网络，
在诚实节点发布最后一个节点承诺交易后，然后重新联机......
再使用密钥发布重新签名的交易，
并偷走了通道中的所有硬币？“
好的，我们来谈谈这个。
这有点复杂，我会警告你
首先，没有“撤销”交易这样的事情，“只有承诺交易
承诺是具有多种不同的支出[条件或]分支的复杂的交易
你可以再不同的条件下使用承诺交易
这是你需要了解的第一件事
闪电中的两方之间[通道]有撤销密钥，交换密钥 ......

English: 
in the Lightning Network, but I don't see 
why someone couldn't proactively use...
the revocation transaction to steal coins."
"Can you explain how the revocation key is only revealed
if a commitment transaction is broadcast maliciously?"
"What prevents a malicious Lightning node 
from intentionally dropping off the network,
prompting an honest node to publish the last
commitment transaction, then coming back online...
to publish the relocation key,
and steal all the coins in the channel?"
Great, let's talk about this.
It is a bit complicated, I will warn you.
First of all, there is no such thing as a "revocation
transaction," there are only commitment transactions.
Commitments are complex transactions which have
multiple different spending [conditions or] branches.
There are different conditions on which
you can spend a commitment transaction.
That is first thing you need to understand.
There are revocation keys, which are exchanged
between two parties in the Lightning [channel]...

Chinese: 
在他们签署下一个承诺交易后
为了使先前的承诺无效，撤销先前[通道]状态......
现在有新的状态，并确保先前的状态不能由一方单方面传播
这是真正重要的[部分]：
不只有一个承诺，总共有两个承诺
这些承诺交易是 双边不对称的，这意味着......
假设我是Bob，我和Alice有一个通道
我有一个由Alice签署的承诺交易，
以及Alice有我签署的承诺交易
我们[等待他们]待命，我们可以[也]签署并将其传输到网络......

English: 
after they sign the next commitment transaction.
[This occurs] in order to invalidate the previous
commitment, to revoke the prior [channel] state...
now that there is new state, and to ensure the prior state
cannot be unilaterally transmitted by one of the parties.
Here is the really important [part]: there is not just one
commitment, there are always two commitments.
These commitment transactions are 
asymmetric bilaterally, which means...
Let's say I am Bob, and I have a channel with Alice.
I have one commitment transaction signed by Alice,
and Alice has a commitment transaction signed by me.
We [hold them] on standby, where we can [also]
sign them and transmit them to the network...

Chinese: 
[如果对方试图作弊]
我持有的承诺交易，有Alice的签名，
同样的，Alice持有另外一个承诺交易，附有我的签名
我的承诺交易将首先支付给Alice[她在渠道平衡中的份额]
并延迟付款给我
这非常重要
同时，Alice拥有的交易，我签名后，先付款给我，然后再向Alice付款
[退款给我们自己的份额]将有一个时间锁，而[份额] ...
[退款给对方的份额]可以在该交易一经播出后立即索赔
所以，我有一个由Alice签署的[退款]交易，如果我广播他，会立即支付给Alice
它只对支付给我的那部分由一个时间限制

English: 
[in the event that the other person tries to cheat].
The commitment transaction I hold,
which has Alice's signature,
is different from the commitment transaction
that Alice holds, which has my signature.
The commitment transaction I have will pay
Alice [her share of the channel balance] first,
and delays the payment to me.
That is really important.
Meanwhile, the transaction that Alice holds, which I have
signed, will pay me first and then pay Alice with a delay.
[The share of the refund transaction to ourselves]
will have a timelock on it, whereas [the share of]...
the [refund transaction to the other person] can be
claimed as soon as that transaction is broadcast.
So, I have a [refund] transaction signed by Alice,
that pays Alice immediately [if I broadcast it].
It only has a timelock on the [share
of the] payment that goes to me.

Chinese: 
我[将]在网络上创建这两个输出，
但Alice可以立即声明她的输出，
而我的输出会延迟
还有另一个可以声明的输出，
但是那个输出可以撤销密钥......
并消耗所有[通道余额中的资金]，
这将是我的惩罚[如果我试图作弊]
一旦我给了撤销密钥[用于旧通道,
如果我发送[旧的承诺交易]给Alice，
然后Alice可以使用撤销密钥获取该输出
并使整个通道账户余额平衡
同时，我不能得到任何币，因为我的输出仍然是时间锁定的
这是一个相互作用：我的[作弊]付款被延迟，而Alice[有能力完全阻止它]。

English: 
I [would be] creating both of those outputs on the
network, but Alice can claim her output immediately,
whereas my output is delayed.
There is another output that can be claimed,
but that output requires the revocation key...
and consumes all of the [funds in the] channel balance,
which would be my punishment [if I tried to cheat].
Once I have given the revocation key [for an old channel
state] to Alice, if I transmit [the old state / commitment],
then Alice can take that output with the revocation key
and claim the entire channel balance.
Meanwhile, I can't, because
my output is still timelocked.
This is the interplay: my [cheat] payment is delayed,
and Alice [has the power to stop it] completely.

Chinese: 
她可以立即执行[惩罚]，而我必须等待。
在我等待的时候
她已经广播交易了
]我没有任何东西可以[偷]了
Alice在我持有的交易中占的先机，
总能在我之前广播交易
与此同时，我对她持有的这笔交易也有先机，如果她要像广播的话，也只能等
在我们举行的[承诺]上，
我们总是处于[轻微]劣势
我们[不能]单方面广播交易。我们是平等的
这立足于[当双方都有这样的承诺时]
我们也可以[合作]关闭[通道]
这是闪电网络的博弈论,一种微妙的平衡

English: 
She can execute that [punishment] immediately,
whereas I must wait. By the time I am done waiting,
she will have already claimed that output 
and there is nothing [left] for me to [steal].
Alice has a head-start on the transaction
I hold, and can always claim it before I can.
Meanwhile, I have a head-start on the transaction she is
holding, and she would need to wait [if she broadcast it].
We are always at a [slight] disadvantage
on the [commitments] we hold.
We [cannot] transmit unilaterally. We are on equal
footing [when both parties hold such commitments].
We can [also] close [the channel] cooperatively.
That is the subtle balance in the
game theory of the Lightning Network.
