C
>> Woodruff: GOOD EVENING.
I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.
ON THE "NEWSHOUR" TONIGHT, PRO-
DEMOCRACY FORCES IN HONG KONG
DELIVER A STUNNING REBUKE TO
BEIJING AT THE BALLOT BOX, AS
LEAKED DOCUMENTS REVEAL THE
BRAINWASHING FACED BY CHINA'S
IMPRISONED UIGHUR MUSLIMS.
THEN, QUESTIONS OF MILITARY
JUSTICE.
THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY IS OUT
AFTER THE PENTAGON AND WHITE
HOUSE CLASH OVER THE PROPER
PUNISHMENT FOR A NAVY SEAL
ACCUSED OF WAR CRIMES.
PLUS: AGING ITALY.
AS THE COUNTRY'S BIRTH RATE
PLUMMETS, ANXIETY SOARS-- AND
THE ERA OF THE BIG ITALIAN
FAMILY COMES TO A CRASHING STOP.
>> EVENTUALLY, THE POPULATION
COULD EXTINGUISH.
AND WHEN BABY BOOMERS WILL
RETIRE, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE GOING
TO HAVE A SMALL AMOUNT OF
INDIVIDUALS TAKING CARE OF A
LARGER AMOUNT OF OLD PEOPLE.
>> Woodruff: ALL THAT AND MORE
ON TONIGHT'S "PBS NEWSHOUR."
>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS
NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:
♪ ♪ ♪
MOVING OUR ECONOMY FOR 160
YEARS.
BNSF, THE ENGINE THAT CONNECTS
US.
>> CONSUMER CELLULAR.
>> THE WILLIAM AND FLORA HEWLETT
FOUNDATION.
FOR MORE THAN 50 YEARS,
ADVANCING IDEAS AND SUPPORTING
INSTITUTIONS TO PROMOTE A BETTER
WORLD.
AT www.hewlett.org.
>> AND WITH THE ONGOING SUPPORT
OF THESE INSTITUTIONS:
AND INDIVIDUALS.
>> THIS PROGRAM WAS MADE
POSSIBLE BY THE CORPORATION FOR
PUBLIC BROADCASTING.
AND BY CONTRIBUTIONS TO YOUR PBS
STATION FROM VIEWERS LIKE YOU.
THANK YOU.
>> Woodruff: A FEDERAL JUDGE
IN WASHINGTON THIS EVENING
ORDERED PRESIDENT TRUMP'S FORMER
WHITE HOUSE COUNSEL DON MCGHAN
MUST OBEY A SUBPOENA AND APPEAR
BEFORE LAWMAKERS.
HE HAD BEEN CALLED TO TESTIFY
ABOUT THE MUELLER REPORT.
THE RULING HAS IMPLICATIONS FOR
TRUMP AIDES WHO REFUSED TO
TESTIFY AT IMPEACHMENT HEARINGS.
SEPARATELY, THE CHAIR OF THE
U.S. HOUSE INTELLIGENCE
COMMITTEE, DEMOCRAT ADAM SCHIFF,
NOW HIS PANEL WILL HAVE A REPORT
SCHIFF SAID TODAY THE REPORT
"CONCLUSIVELY SHOWS" THAT THE
PRESIDENT TRIED TO FORCE UKRAINE
TO AID HIS RE-ELECTION CAMPAIGN.
THE PRESIDENT TODAY DEFENDED HIS
HANDLING OF THE EDWARD GALLAGHER
CASE.
THE NAVY SEAL WAS ACQUITTED OF
MURDERING AN ISLAMIC STATE
MILITANT, BUT CONVICTED OF
POSING WITH THE BODY.
LAST WEEK THE PRESIDENT REJECTED
FORCING GALLAGHER OUT OF THE
SEALs.
INSTEAD HE'LL RETIRE FROM THE
NAVY.
TODAY, MEETING WITH BULGARIA'S
PRIME MINISTER, MR. TRUMP SAID
HE IS STICKING UP FOR GALLAGHER
AND THOSE LIKE HIM.
>> HE WAS A GREAT FIGHTER.
HE WAS ONE OF THE ULTIMATE
FIGHTERS.
TOUGH GUY.
THESE ARE NOT WEAK PEOPLE.
THESE ARE TOUGH PEOPLE.
AND WE'RE GOING TO PROTECT OUR
WAR FIGHTERS AND I'VE BEEN GIVEN
A LOT OF THANK YOU'S.
>> Woodruff: AMID THE UPROAR,
THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY,
RICHARD SPENCER WAS FIRED ON
SUNDAY.
TODAY HIS BOSS, THE SECRETARY OF
DEFENSE MARK ESPER, ACCUSED
SPENCER OF DEALING SECRETLY WITH
THE WHITE HOUSE IN THE GALLAGHER
MATTER.
WE'LL DISCUSS ALL OF THIS AFTER
THE NEWS SUMMARY.
THE U.S. SUPREME COURT REFUSED
TODAY TO ORDER A NEW TRIAL FOR A
BALTIMORE MAN FEATURED IN THE
HIT PODCAST "SERIAL."
ADNAN SYED WAS CONVICTED OF
MURDERING AN EX-GIRLFRIEND IN
HIGH SCHOOL.
HE IS SERVING A LIFE SENTENCE.
SYED'S LAWYERS HAD ARGUED THE
PODCAST SERIES FOUND NEW
EVIDENCE THAT WARRANTED A NEW
TRIAL.
THE HIGH COURT REJECTED THE
APPEAL, WITHOUT COMMENT.
A CHINESE WOMAN CONVICTED OF
TRESPASSING AT THE PRESIDENT'S
"MAR-A-LAGO" ESTATE NOW FACES UP
YUJING ZHANG WAS SENTENCED IN A
FLORIDA FEDERAL COURT TODAY.
SHE ILLEGALLY ENTERED THE PALM
BEACH RESORT IN MARCH AND LIED
TO FEDERAL AGENTS.
THE HEAD OF IRAN'S HARD LINE
REVOLUTIONARY GUARD THREATENED
THE U.S. AND OTHERS TODAY OVER
LAST WEEK'S PROTESTS IN HIS
COUNTRY.
HOSSEIN SALAMI ACCUSED THE
UNITED STATES-- PLUS BRITAIN,
ISRAEL AND SAUDI ARABIA-- OF
FOMENTING DEMONSTRATIONS OVER A
FUEL TAX HIKE.
HE SPOKE AT A RALLY OF TENS OF
THOUSANDS OF GOVERNMENT
SUPPORTERS IN TEHRAN, AND HE
WARNED THAT THE REGIME WILL
ANSWER ITS ENEMIES.
>> ( translated ): WAIT FOR OUR
RESPONSE.
IF YOU CROSS OUR RED LINES, WE
WILL DESTROY YOU.
WE WILL NOT LEAVE ANY MOVE
UNANSWERED.
WE WILL NOT REMAIN INDEBTED TO
ANY SUPERPOWER AND WILL SETTLE
SCORES WITH ALL OF THEM.
JUST WAIT.
>> Woodruff: AMNESTY
INTERNATIONAL SAYS AT LEAST
140 PEOPLE HAVE DIED IN A
CRACKDOWN ON THE PROTESTS.
TEHRAN HAS NOT GIVEN AN OFFICIAL
NUMBER.
THE CONCENTRATION OF GREENHOUSE
THE WORLD METEOROLOGICAL
ORGANIZATION FOUND THAT THE
INCREASE OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN
2018 WAS ABOVE THE AVERAGE FOR
THE LAST DECADE.
CURRENT EFFORTS TO REVERSE THE
TREND ARE SIMPLY NOT ENOUGH.
RUSSIA'S ATHLETES MAY BE FACING
A FOUR-YEAR BAN OVER DOPING.
RUSSIA'S ATHLETES MAY BE FACING
A FOUR-YEAR BAN ON MAJOR EVENTS,
INCLUDING NEXT YEAR'S SUMMER
OLYMPICS, OVER DOPING.
INSTEAD, THEY WOULD HAVE TO
COMPETE AS NEUTRALS.
A COMMITTEE OF THE "WORLD ANTI-
DOPING AGENCY" MADE THE
RECOMMENDATION TODAY.
IT SAID HUNDREDS OF POSITIVE
DRUG TESTS ARE MISSING FROM
RUSSIAN LAB DATA.
A FINAL DECISION IS DUE NEXT
MONTH.
BACK IN THIS COUNTRY, THE NEWEST
ENTRY INTO THE DEMOCRATIC
PRESIDENTIAL RACE MADE HIS FIRST
CAMPAIGN APPEARANCE.
FORMER NEW YORK MAYOR MICHAEL
BLOOMBERG ANNOUNCED ON SUNDAY.
TODAY, THE 77-YEAR-OLD
BILLIONAIRE WAS IN NORFOLK,
VIRGINIA.
>> I WILL BE THE ONLY CANDIDATE
IN THIS RACE WHO ISN'T GOING TO
TAKE A PENNY FROM ANYONE AND
WILL WORK FOR A DOLLAR A YEAR
JUST AS I DID FOR 12 YEARS IN
NEW YORK CITY HALL.
FOR YEARS I'VE BEEN USING MY
RESOURCES FOR THE THINGS THAT
MATTERTO ME.
I WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO BUILD A
SUCCESSFUL COMPANY.
IT HAS BEEN VERY SUCCESSFUL AND
I USED ALL OF IT TO GIVE BACK TO
HELP AMERICA.
>> Woodruff: BLOOMBERG BECOMES
THE 18th CANDIDATE VYING FOR THE
DEMOCRATIC NOMINATION FOR
PRESIDENT.
McDONALD'S AGREED TODAY TO PAY
$26 MILLION IN A SETTLEMENT WITH
EMPLOYEES IN CALIFORNIA.
A LONG-RUNNING CLASS ACTION
LAWSUIT ALLEGED THE COMPANY
DENIED OVERTIME PAY AND TIMELY
BREAKS, AMONG OTHER THINGS.
NEARLY 38,000 PEOPLE WOULD BE
COMPENSATED IF THE SETTLEMENT
WINS COURT APPROVAL.
THE RIDE-SHARING GIANT "UBER"
HAS LOST ITS LICENSE TO OPERATE
IN LONDON FOR THE SECOND TIME IN
RECENT YEARS.
CITY OFFICIALS SAID TODAY THAT
UNAUTHORIZED DRIVERS GOT PAST
UBER SECURITY, AND CARRIED OUT
THOUSANDS OF RIDES.
THE COMPANY WILL APPEAL TODAY'S
DECISION.
IT SAYS FACIAL RECOGNITION
TECHNOLOGY IS ADDRESSING THE
PROBLEM IN BRITAIN AND THE U.S.
CHARLES SCHWAB IS BUYING RIVAL
T.D. AMERITRADE FOR $26 BILLION
IN STOCK.
ON WALL STREET TODAY, THAT
BUYOUT-- AND HOPES FOR THE CHINA
TRADE TALKS-- PUSHED STOCKS
HIGHER.
THE DOW JONES INDUSTRIAL AVERAGE
GAINED 190 POINTS TO CLOSE AT
28,066.
THE NASDAQ ROSE 12 POINTS.
AND THE S&P 500 ADDED 23.
AND, A U.S. MILITARY DOG NAMED
"CONAN" GOT A WHITE HOUSE
WELCOME TODAY.
THE BELGIAN MALINOIS STARRED IN
THE RAID THAT KILLED ABU BAKR
AL-BAGHDADI, THE LEADER OF THE
"ISLAMIC STATE" GROUP.
TODAY, PRESIDENT TRUMP PRESENTED
A MEDAL TO THE ANIMAL HE CALLED
"PROBABLY THE WORLD'S MOST
FAMOUS DOG."
CONAN WAS INJURED DURING THE
RAID, BUT HAS SINCE RECOVERED.
STILL TO COME ON THE "NEWSHOUR,"
HONG KONG'S PROTESTORS GO TO THE
POLLS-- WHAT DOES IT MEAN FOR
THE PRO-DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT?
THE MILITARY CLASHES WITH THE
PRESIDENT OVER AN ACCUSED WAR
CRIMINAL.
AMY WALTER AND TAMARA KEITH ARE
HERE TO BREAK DOWN THE LATEST
POLITICAL HEADLINES.
PLUS, MUCH MORE.
>> Woodruff: AFTER MONTHS OF
PROTESTS IN HONG KONG, YESTERDAY
BROUGHT AN EXTRAORDINARY REBUKE
OF CHINESE AUTHORITY BY HONG
KONG'S VOTERS, IN LOCAL
ELECTIONS, AND ANOTHER STARTLING
REVELATION ABOUT CHINESE
GOVERNMENT PERSECUTION OF UYGHUR
MUSLIMS.
AMNA NAWAZ TAKES A LOOK AT BOTH
SIDES.
>> Reporter: NEWLY-ELECTED PRO-
DEMOCRACY LEGISLATORS-- WALKING
TODAY THROUGH DEBRIS FROM LAST
WEEK'S FIERY CLASHES AT HONG
KONG'S POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY.
SUNDAY'S LANDSLIDE ELECTION MADE
CLEAR THE GRASSROOTS PROTESTERS
HAVE THE OVERWHELMING SUPPORT OF
HONG KONG VOTERS.
PRO-DEMOCRACY FORCES WON CONTROL
OF 17 OF 18 DISTRICT COUNCILS IN
THE FIRST ELECTION SINCE THE
UNREST BEGAN, SIX MONTHS AGO.
>> IT IS A GENUINE REFERENDUM OF
THE PEOPLE IN HONG KONG.
THE CANDIDATES FROM THE
DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT ALLIES WON
THIS ELECTION.
DEMOCRATIC PARTY HOPE OUR CHIEF
EXECUTIVE MRS. CARRIE LAM
RECEIVES THE MESSAGE THAT THE
VOTES MAKE A CLEAR VOICE OF THE
HONG KONG PEOPLE.
>> Reporter: THE INCREASINGLY-
UNPOPULAR LAM IS BACKED BY
BEIJING.
SHE SAID IN A STATEMENT THAT THE
GOVERNMENT WILL "SERIOUSLY
REFLECT" ON THE RESULTS.
THE DISTRICT COUNCILS HAVE
LITTLE POWER, BUT HONG KONGERS
CALLING FOR DEMOCRACY SAY THE
OUTCOME IS A TURNING POINT.
>> ( translated ): I AM HAPPY
ABOUT THE ELECTION RESULT.
THE VICTORY IN THE DISTRICT
COUNCIL ELECTION IS THE FIRST
STEP FOR HONG KONG DEMOCRACY.
I AM STILL REASONABLY OPTIMISTIC
ABOUT HONG KONG'S FUTURE.
>> Reporter: BUT IN BEIJING,
CHINA'S COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT
INSISTED TODAY THAT ITS "ONE
COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS" POLICY
REMAINS FIRM.
>> ( translated ): THE
RESOLUTION OF CARRYING OUT "ONE
COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS" IS FIRM.
HONG KONG'S AFFAIR IS PURELY
CHINA'S DOMESTIC AFFAIR.
THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT'S
RESOLUTION OF PROTECTING CHINA'S
SOVEREIGNTY, DEVELOPMENT,
>> Reporter: HONG KONG ACTIVISTS
SAY THE ELECTION-- WITH RECORD
VOTER TURNOUT EXCEEDING 70%--
WAS A RESOUNDING REJECTION OF
THAT POLICY.
>> Reporter: MEANWHILE, IN
WASHINGTON, THE BI-PARTISAN
"HONG KONG HUMAN RIGHTS AND
DEMOCRACY ACT" AWAITS ACTION ON
PRESIDENT TRUMP'S DESK, AFTER
EASILY PASSING BOTH THE HOUSE
AND SENATE.
THE BILL WOULD IMPOSE SANCTIONS
ON HONG KONG OFFICIALS WHO ABUSE
HUMAN RIGHTS, BUT THE PRESIDENT
HAS SUGGESTED IT COULD ALSO
AFFECT TRADE TALKS WITH CHINA.
LET'S EXPLORE THE STAKES AT PLAY
WITH SUSAN SHIRK.
SHE'S THE CHAIR OF THE 21st
CENTURY CHINA PROGRAM AT THE
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN
DIEGO.
SHE RETURNED FROM A TRIP TO
CHINA THIS WEEK.
SUSAN, THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR
BEING WITH US.
THERE IS NO DOUBT, WE HEARD,
ABOUT WHERE THE PUBLIC SENTIMENT
IN HONG KONG LIES.
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE
HONG KONG GOVERNMENT AND THE
CHINESE GOVERNMENT IN BEIJING,
HOW DOES THIS CHANGE THE
CALCULUS FOR WHAT THEY DO NEXT?
>> RIGHT BEFORE I CAME TO THE
STUDIO, THE OFFICIAL MEDIA IN
CHINA HAD NOT YET REPORTED THE
OUTCOME OF THE ELECTION.
THEY DID FINALLY REPORT THERE
WAS THE ELECTION, BUT THEY
REALLY HAVEN'T REPORTED THE
RESULTS, AND THERE'S SOME
INDICATION FROM PEOPLE ON THE
GROUND I'VE HEARD FROM THAT THEY
HAVE BEEN TALKING TO
JOURNALISTS, CHINESE JOURNALISTS
WHO SAY THAT, IN FACT, THE
CHINESE LEADERSHIP WAS SURPRISED
BY THE OUTCOME OF THE ELECTION
AND THEN THEY ARE NOW SCRAMBLING
TO FIGURE OUT WHAT TO DO ABOUT
IT.
IT'S REALLY REMARKABLE THAT,
DESPITE THESE LARGE SCALE
PROTESTS THAT HAVE GONE ON FOR
MONTHS, THEY STILL WERE
SURPRISED BY THE OUTCOME OF THE
ELECTION.
>> SO HOW DO YOU THINK THESE
ELECTION RESULTS CHANGED THE
DYNAMIC?
>> IF CARRIE LAM RESIGNS TO KIND
OF TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE
OUTCOME, THAT MIGHT DIFFUSE THE
PROTESTS FOR A WHILE AS PEOPLE
WAIT AND SEE WHAT MORE BEIJING
WILL DO TO MEET THE OTHER
DEMANDS, INCLUDING SOME PROGRESS
TOWARD MORE DIRECT ELECTIONS,
AND, OF COURSE, IF CARRIE LAM
HAS TO BE REPLACED, THEN THAT
ALSO RAISES THE ISSUE OF HOW YOU
SELECT THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE.
>> YOU HEARD IN THE PIECE THERE
SOME PEOPLE WERE REFERRING TO
THIS AS A TURNING POINT.
DO YOU BELIEVE THAT IT COULD BE
THAT?
THIS COULD BRING ABOUT SOME REA?
>> WELL, YOU KNOW, IT'S A TEST
OF XI JINPING'S PRAGMATISM.
IS HE REALLY VERY DOGMATIC?
DID HE REALLY BELIEVE HIS OWN
PROPAGANDA?
DID THE INTERNAL CHANNELS FROM
THE LIAISON OFFICE IN HONG KONG
ACTUALLY FEARING TO GIVE HIM BAD
NEWS GIVE HIM AN UNREALISTIC
VIEW OF WHAT WAS HAPPENING IN
HONG KONG?
IF HE'S PR PRAGMATIC, THEN IT SS
TO ME HE'S LIKELY TO DO -- TRY
TO FIND A WAY TO RESPOND TO SOME
OF THE PROTESTERS' DEMANDS, AT
LEAST BY GETTING RID OF THE VERY
UNPOPULAR CARRIE LAM.
REALLY, THIS IS KIND OF A FORK
IN THE ROAD FOR XI JINPING.
IS HE GOING TO DOUBLE DOWN ON
CONTROL AND INDOCTRINATION, OR
IS HE GOING TO BE FLEXIBLE AND
GIVE A LITTLE BIT IN THE
DIRECTION OF MORE DIRECT
DEMOCRATIC ELECTION OF HONG KONG
POLITICAL LEADERS?
>> AND THAT IS THE LATEST FROM
HONG KONG, BUT I DO WANT TO GET
YOUR TAKE ON A DIFFERENT TOPIC
WE'RE ALSO COVERING TODAY.
I WANT TO SHIFT NOW TO MAINLAND
CHINA WHERE LEAKED COMMUNIST
PARTY DOCUMENTS SHOW THE
INTERNAL WORKERS OF INTERNMENT
AND REEDUCATION CAMPS USED TO
DETAIN A MILLION PEOPLE.
THE CHINA CABLES ARE THE FIRST
OFFICIAL GLIMPSE INTO THE
STRUCTURE AND IDEOLOGY BEHIND
THESE CAMPS IN NORTHWEST CHINA'S
XINJIANG PROVINCE, WHERE ONE
MILLION MUSLIM UIGHURS, AND
MEMBERS OF OTHER MINORITY
GROUPS, ARE DETAINED ON
INDUSTRIAL SCALE.
THE DOCUMENTS SHOW THAT THE
CHINESE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
DESIGNED THE CAMPS AS
BRAINWASHING CENTERS ON A
MASSIVE SCALE, WITH MULTIPLE
LAYERS OF SECURITY.
AMONG THE OTHER REVELATIONS:
CAMP INMATES COULD BE HELD
INDEFINITELY, CAMPS ARE RUN ON A
POINTS SYSTEM WHERE INMATES EARN
CREDITS FOR COMPLIANCE, WEEKLY
PHONE CALLS OR MONTHLY VIDEO
CALLS ARE THE ONLY CONTACT
ALLOWED AND PREVENTING ESCAPE IS
PARAMOUNT.
THE CHINESE FOREIGN MINSTER SAID
DOCUMENTS LEAKED EARLIER THIS
MONTH BY THE "TIMES" WERE
FABRICATED.
>> ( translated ): THEY ARE ALSO
SENSATIONALISING THESE INTERNAL
DOCUMENTS BY USING POOR TACTICS
LIKE TAKING THEM OUT OF CONTEXT
AND GRAFTING THEM ONTO ANOTHER,
TO UNDERMINE AND TARNISH CHINA'S
EFFORTS ON ANTI-TERRORISM AND
DEPOLARIZATION IN XINJIANG.
>> Reporter: FOREIGN AFFAIRS
CORRESPONDENT NICK SCHIFRIN SAT
DOWN WITH NATIONAL SECURITY
ADVISOR ROBERT O'BRAIN OVER THE
WEEKEND, AT THE HALIFAX SECURITY
FORUM
>> WE HAVE OVER A MILLION PEOPLE
IN CONCENTRATION EXAMPLES,
THAT'S AN OUTRAGE.
PRESIDENT XI HAS THE POWER OF
WRIT IN CHINA, WHAT HE SAYS
GOES, AND THOSE CAMPS SHOULD BE
CLOSED, DISMANTLED, BUT IT'S NOT
JUST THE CAMPS, IT'S THE
SURVEILLANCE INFRASTRUCTURE
THAT'S BEEN BUILT IN THE REGION.
>> SUSAN SHIRK, AS WE REPORTED,
THAT IS THE SECOND TROVE OF
LEAKED DOCUMENTS TO BE PUBLISHED
IN OVER A WEEK, THE PREVIOUS
BACKED BY THE "NEW YORK TIMES."
GOING THROUGH THE DOCUMENTS,
WHAT DO WE LEARN IN TERMS OF THE
VOVMENT OF PRESIDENT XI JINPING
IN THESE CAMPS AND THESE
EFFORTS?
>> WELL, THE "NEW YORK TIMES"
STORY MAKES EXPLICIT THAT
THERE'S NO EVIDENCE, NO
STATEMENT IN THESE DOCUMENTS,
THAT XI JINPING ACTUALLY ORDERED
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CAMPS.
WHAT HE DID IS START A CAMPAIGN
TO TRY TO CRACK DOWN ON
TERRORISM IN 2014, AFTER A
NUMBER OF TERRORIST ATTACKS IN
XINJIANG AND TERRORIST ATTACKS
OUTSIDE OF CHINA AS WELL.
AND HE -- SO HE LAUNCHED THIS
VERY HARSH CAMPAIGN OF
INDOCTRINATION TO TRY TO
UNDERTAKE THOUGHT REFORM OF
UIGHURS AND OTHER ETHNIC GROUPS
IN XINJIANG.
SO HE HIMSELF, WE DON'T HAVE THE
DOCUMENT YET IN WHICH HE ORDERED
THE CAMPS, BUT CERTAINLY THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CAMPS WHICH
WAS DONE BY PROVINCIAL
OFFICIALS, AT LEAST THAT'S WHAT
THE DOCUMENTS TELL US, WAS A
RESPONSE TO THIS CAMPAIGN
LAUNCHED BY XI JINPING.
AND WHAT'S REALLY REMARKABLE
ABOUT THE CAMPAIGN IS IT SHOWS
THAT XI JINPING STILL BELIEVES
IN THIS MALACE NOTION OF THOUGHT
REFORM.
HE REALLY BELIEVES THAT THIS
KIND OF INTENSIVE BRAINWASHING
CAN CHANGE THE WAY PEOPLE THINK.
>> WHAT DOES IT SAY TO YOU THAT
THESE DOCUMENTS ARE EVEN BEING
LEAKED AT ALL?
THE FACT THAT THESE ARE SEEING
THE LIGHT OF DAY?
>> WELL, IT SHOWS THAT NOT
EVERYBODY IN THE CHINESE
BUREAUCRACY AND THE PARTY AND
GOVERNMENT BU BUREAUCRACY AGREES
WITH THIS  HEAVY-HANDED,
OPPRESSIVE, POLICE STATE
APPROACH TO GOVERNING CHINA.
IN FACT, THE DOCUMENTS FROM THE
STANDPOINT OF A CHINA WATCHER
ARE REALLY FASCINATING BECAUSE
THEY SHOW THAT SOME OF THE LOCAL
OFFICIALS OBJECTED TO THIS
APPROACH AND, IN FACT, SOME
OFFICIALS RELEASED PEOPLE FROM
THE CAMPS BECAUSE THEY WANTED TO
MAKE SURE THAT THEY MET THEIR
ECONOMIC GROWTH TARGETS, AND
WITHOUT THE LABOR POWER, THEY
WEREN'T GOING TO BE ABLE TO DO
THAT
SO I THINK, YOU KNOW, FROM
OUTSIDE, CHINA LOOKS SO
MONOLITHIC, BUT, IN FACT, I
THINK THERE ARE A LOT OF
DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW AND NOT
EVERYBODY AGREES WITH THE
DIRECTION SHE IS TAKING THE
COUNTRY.
>> THAT IS SUSAN SHIRK OF THE
21st CENTURY CHINA CENTER AT
THE UNIVERSITY OF
CALIFORNIA-SAN DIEGO.
THANK YOU FOR BEING WITH US.
>> MY PLEASURE.
WILLIAM BRANGHAM HACK THE STORY.
>> Reporter: AT THE CENTER OF
ALL THIS IS THE CASE OF
>> Reporter: AT THE CENTER OF
ALL OF THIS IS THE CASE OF CHIEF
PETTY OFFICER EDWARD GALLAGHER,
A NAVY SEAL.
PREVIOUSLY, HE WAS ACCUSED OF
MURDERING A WOUNDED ISIS
MILITANT IN IRAQ IN 2017-- AND
OF SHOOTING AT CIVILIANS.
A COURT MARTIAL ACQUITTED HIM ON
THOSE CHARGES, BUT DID CONVICT
HIM OF POSING FOR A PHOTO WITH
THE MILITANT'S BODY.
GALLAGHER WAS DEMOTED.
BUT THE CONTROVERSY SINCE HAS
BEEN OVER WHETHER THE NAVY
SHOULD METE OUT ANY FURTHER
PUNISHMENT-- LIKE WHETHER HE
SHOULD KEEP HIS STATUS AS A NAVY
SEAL.
THIS PAST WEEKEND, WHILE
CIVILIAN AND MILITARY LEADERS--
THE PRESIDENT SAID HE WOULD NOT
ALLOW THE NAVY TO PUNISH
GALLAGHER ANYMORE.
LAST NIGHT, SECRETARY OF NAVY
RICHARD SPENCER WAS FORCED OUT
OF HIS POST BY SECRETARY OF
DEFENSE MARK ESPER OVER HIS
HANDLING OF GALLAGHER'S CASE.
HERE TO WALK US THROUGH THE
CONTROVERSY THE N NANCY YOUSSEF
WITH THE "WALL STREET JOURNAL."
REAR ADMIRAL GREEN WHO OVERSEES
THE N NAVY SEALS DECIDES HE WANS
GALLAGHER OUT OF THE SERVICE.
PICK UP THE STORY.
>> HE WANTS TO SAY THE MILITARY
SHOULD REVIEW WHETHER GALLAGHER
SHOULD HAVE THE DISTINCTION OR
HONOR OF BEING CALLED A NAVY
SEAL AFTER THIS CASE.
HE CALLED TO A REVIEW BOARD,
THAT'S WHERE PEERS COME FORWARD,
LOOK AT THE CASE, AND DECIDE
WHETHER HE SHOULD WEAR THE
TRIDENT PEN THAT SAYS YOU'RE ONE
OF THE MOST ELITE FORCES IN THE
UNITED STATES MILITARY AND I
THINK THAT'S WHAT ADMIRAL GREEN
WAS TRYING TO GET AT WITH THE
REVIEW PROCESS, AND THAT AFTER
THE PRESIDENT RESTORED HIS RANK
AND BROUGHT BACK HIS PAY WAS
SORT OF THE LAST OUTSTANDING
ISSUE VIS-A-VIS THIS CASE.
>> Reporter: EXPLAIN THE
PROCESS BY WHICH THE SECRETARY
OF THE NAVY IS OUT.
>> THERE WAS REALLY CONCERN
WITHIN THE UNITED STATES
MILITARY LEADERSHIP ABOUT THE
PROSPECT OF RESTORING CHIEF
GALLAGHER'S RANK AND PARDONING
TWO OTHER SERVICE MEMBERS ALSO
ACCUSED OF COMMITTING CRIMES IN
IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN.
THE FEELING IS ONCE YOU DID THAT
AND HAD AN OUTSIDE INTERVENTION,
IT POTENTIALLY THREATENED THE
SANCTITY OF THE ORDER AND
DISCIPLINE THAT IS SO CRITICAL
TO THE MILITARY, AND THE OTHER
FEAR IS IF THE U.S. DIDN'T
PROSECUTE THOSE ACCUSED OF
KILLING CIVILIANS IN PLACES LIKE
IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN, IT WOULD
SEND A NEGATIVE MESSAGE TO KEY
PARTNERS.
AND, SO, HE WAS PARDONED --
EXCUSE ME -- HIS RANK RESTORED,
AND SECRETARY SPENCER WAS AMONG
THOSE WHO WAS AGAINST THE
OUTSIDE INTERVENTION.
>> SO THE NAVY SECRETARY IS
PUSHED OUT BY THE SSHT OF
DEFENSE AND, IN HIS LETTER
ACKNOWLEDGING HIS RESIGNATION,
HE SAYS, I CANNOT IN GOOD
CONSCIENCE OBEY AN ORDER I
BELIEVE VIOLATES THE SACRED OATH
I TOOK.
BUT THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE'S
PROBLEMS WITH THE SECRETARY OF
THE NAVY WAS SOMETHING OTHER,
WAS IT ABOUT A BACK CHANNEL HE
WAS DOING WITH THE WHITE HOUSE?
CAN YOU EXPLAIN THAT?
>> SURE.
THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MARK
ESPER CAME OUT TODAY AND SAID
THE U.S. MILITARY LEADERSHIP HAD
AGREED THAT THEY WOULD ALLOW THE
PROCESS OVER HIS TRIDENT'S PEN
TO PROCEED, AND THAT HE LEARNED
TWO DAYS AGO THAT SECRETARY
SPENCER HAD TRIED TO COME UP
WITH A BACK CHANNEL DEAL IN
WHICH THE CHIEF GALLAGHER WOULD
BE ALLOWED TO KEEP HIS PEN
REGARDLESS TO HAVE THE FINDINGS
OF THE PANEL, AND SECRETARY
ESPER SAYS THAT HE LOST
CONFIDENCE IN SECRETARY SPENCER
BECAUSE HE WAS USURPING THE
EXISTING PROCESS.
>> Reporter: AND IN THE MIDDLE
OF ALL THIS, OF COURSE, EDDIE
GALLAGHER GOES ON FOX NEWS,
WHICH HAS BEEN HIS CHAMPION ALL
ALONG AND CHAMPIONED HIS CASE
BACK WHEN HE WAS IN THE BRIG
THROUGH HIS COURT MARTIAL, AND
GALLAGHER IS REMARKABLY VERY
CRITICAL OF SOME OF HIS
SUPERIORS.
>> THIS IS ALL ABOUT EGO AND
RETALIATION.
IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH GOOD
ORDER AND DISCIPLINE.
THEY COULD HAVE TAKEN MY TRIDENT
AT ANYTIME THEY WANTED.
NOW THEY'RE TRYING TO TAKE IT
AFTER THE PRESIDENT RESTORED MY
RANCHTS.
>> Reporter: LATE LATHER HE
WENT ON TO SPECIFICALLY BY NAME
CRITICIZE HIS SUPERIOR OFFICER
REAR ADMIRAL GREEN.
HOW UNUSUAL IS IT FOR A SAILOR
TO SAY THOSE THINGS ABOUT HIS
COMMANDING OFFICER?
>> IT'S EXTRAORDINARILY UNUSUAL
BECAUSE THERE'S A CHAIN OF
COMMAND AND YOU'RE NOT ALLOWED
TO CRITICIZE YOUR SUPERIOR IN A
ONE-ON-ONE SETTING ONE YOUR
COMPANY AND UNIT AND LET ALONE
ON FOX NEWS, BUT I THINK IT
REALLY GETS AT HOW MUCH THIS
CASE DEPENDED ON HIM TO KIND OF
BECOME A CELEB ON FOX NEWS, JOHN
HENRY HAD TAKEN A PERSONAL
INTEREST, BUT BEFORE THAT IT'S
NOT CLEAR IF THIS CASE WOULD
HAVE GOTTEN THE ATTENTION IT
DID.
>> Reporter: WHAT ARE YOU
HEARING AMONGST THE MILITARY
COMMUNITY MORE BROADLY ABOUT
THIS CASE?
DOES THIS HAVE LASTING IMPACT OR
IS IT ONE AND DONE?
>> NO, I THINK IT HAS A LASTING
IMPACT.
LIKE MOST THINGS AROUND THIS
CASE, IT'S VERY POLARIZED.
YOU LOOK AT PEOPLE LOOK AT CHIEF
GALLAGHER AS A WAR HERO OR
CRIMINAL, YOU HEAR ABOUT WHAT
HAPPENS WHEN THE MILITARY
JUSTICE SYSTEM CAN BE UNDONE BY
OUTSIDE INTERVENTION, THERE ARE
PERHAPS OTHER SERVICE MEMBERS
WHO WILL ASK FOR OUTSIDE
INTERVENTION AND SEEK TO UNDO
THE RULINGS OF THE MILITARY
COURT SYSTEM, SO THERE'S A REAL
WEIGHT AND FEAR IN TERMS OF WHAT
THE AFTEREFFECTS THERE ARE,
THERE IS AN EXPECTATION THEY
WILL HAPPEN, AND YET THERE ARE
THOSE WHO WILL THINK THIS WAS
THE PRESIDENT'S PREROGATIVE, HIS
RIGHT TO DO AND ALL FALLS WITHIN
THE PROPER CHAIN OF COMMAND.
AND, SO, LIKE MOST THINGS AROUND
THIS CASE, IT HAS LED TO
POLARIZED ACTIONS WITHIN THE
PENTAGON.
>> NANCY YOUSSEF OF THE "WALL
STREET JOURNAL," THANK YOU SO
MUCH.
>> THANK YOU.
>> Woodruff: STAY WITH US.
COMING UP ON THE "NEWSHOUR"
ITALY'S BIRTHRATE FALLS TO
HISTORIC LOWS-- IS THIS THE END
OF THE BIG ITALIAN FAMILY?
THE NEWSHOUR BOOKSHELF-- "THE
AMERICAN STORY: CONVERSATIONS
WITH MASTER HISTORIANS."
AND HOW ART CAN HELP FIGHT THE
ISOLATION OF ALZHEIMER'S.
WILL THE LATEST ENTRANT TO THE
CROWDED RACE FOR THE DEMOCRATIC
NOMINATION SHAKE UP THE
STANDINGS AS IMPEACHMENT LOOMS
ABOVE IT ALL?
OUR POLITICS MONDAY DUO ARE HERE
TO BREAK IT ALL DOWN.
AMY WALTER OF THE "COOK
POLITICAL REPORT" AND HOST OF
PUBLIC RADIO'S "POLITICS WITH
AMY WALTER."
AND TAMARA KEITH FROM
NPR.
SHE CO-HOSTS THE "NPR POLITICS
PODCAST."
HELLO THE BOTH OF YOU.
SO WE HAVE A LITTLE BIT OF NEWS
THIS EVENING ON THE IMPEACHMENT,
THE TUG OF WAR BETWEEN THE
PRESIDENT AND THE CONGRESS, AND
THAT IS THE FEDERAL DISTRICT
JUDGE RULED THE PRESIDENT'S
FORMER LEGAL COUNSEL DON MCGHAN
SHOULD, MUST TESTIFY BEFORE
LAWMAKERS, BEFORE THE CONGRESS.
WE ASSUME THERE WILL BE AN
APPEAL, TAM, BUT THIS COULD SET
A PRECEDENT FOR OTHER WHITE
HOUSE AND ADMINISTRATION
OFFICIALS TO BE REQUIRED TO GO
TESTIFY BEFORE THE CONGRESS.
WE DON'T KNOW.
WE HAVEN'T HEARD WHAT THE
INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEE REPORT
IS, WE KNOW THE JUDICIARY
COMMITTEE IS NEXT, BUT ALL THIS
RAISES, AGAIN, THE QUESTION OF
THE PUBLIC'S PERCEPTION OF THIS,
AND WHERE DO WE GO.
SO, AMY, TO YOU, WHAT ARE WE
SEEING IN TERMS OF THE NEEDLE
MOVING AT ALL AND HOW THE PUBLIC
IS READING THIS?
>> WE'VE HAD TWO WEEKS OF
HEARINGS WHICH PRODUCED A LOT OF
FIREWORKS AND A LOT OF COVERAGE,
BUT IT REALLY HASN'T PRODUCED A
LOT OF MOVEMENT IN THE POLLS.
BASICALLY, WHERE WE HAVE BEEN
SINCE -- WELL, OCTOBER,
BASICALLY, SINCE BEFORE THESE
HEARINGS BEGAN, IF YOU GO AND
YOU LOOK 538.com HAS A GREAT
TRACKING MEASUREMENT OF ALL THE
POLLING THAT'S BEEN DONE ON
TISSUE OF IMPEACHMENT, AND IF
YOU GO BACK TO THE DAY BEFORE
THE PUBLIC HEARINGS BEGAN,
SUPPORT FOR IMPEACHMENT WAS AT
48%, 45% SAID THEY DIDN'T PROVE
APPROVE OF IMPEACHMENT, TODAY
IT'S 46-46, WHICH IS ESSENTIALLY
IN THE WORLD OF NUMBERS VERY
LITTLE MOVEMENT TO STATISTICAL
AROUND THE EDGES.
SO WHAT WE'RE SEEING, I THINK
IT'S FOLKS WHO ARE ALREADY
DEEPLY ENGAGED WHO ARE PAYING
ATTENTION TO THIS ARE PAYING
ATTENTION TO IT BECAUSE THEY
WERE ALREADY COMMITTED TO
WHATEVER OUTCOME THEY WOULD LIKE
TO SEE.
>> SO, FAMILIAR, HOW MUCH DOES
THIS MATTER TO MEMBERS OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WHO ARE
BACK IN THEIR DISTRICTS,
PRESUMABLY THIS WEEK?
MAY BE HEADING TOWARD A
MOMENTOUS VOTE?
>> IF THEY ARE HEARING ABOUT IT
FROM THEIR CONSTITUENTS, THEN
THAT COULD AFFECT BEHAVIOR, BUT
WHAT WE SAW RIGHT BEFORE THEY
LEFT TOWN IS SOMEONE LIKE WILL
HURD, HE'S A CONGRESSMAN, OR
RETIRING IS LIKE WHAT I LIKE TO
SAY, REPUBLICAN RETIRING HAS
SORT OF THE FREEDOM OF A
RETIRING REPUBLICAN, AND HE'S
BEEN MORE MODERATE AND ALSO
FAIRLY OUTSPOKEN ABOUT HIS
CONCERNS WITH PRESIDENT TRUMP.
AS THE HEARINGS WERE WINDING
DOWN LAST WEEK, HE CAME OUT,
HE'S ON THE INTELLIGENCE
COMMITTEE, AND HE SAID HE WASN'T
PERSUADED THIS WAS IMPEACHABLE,
CERTAINLY PROPER.
IF WILLIAM HURD IS THERE,
MEMBERS OF CONGRESS ARE NOT
FEELING PRESSURE.
STEPHONIC HAS CHARTED A MODERATE
COURSE, ALLIED WITH PAUL RYAN
WHO HAD HIS ISSUES WITH
PRESIDENT TRUMP, WELL, SHE
BECAME A STAR FOR THE HEARING
FOR SORT OF PUSHING
PRESIDENT TRUMP'S VIEWPOINT AND
POSITION IN THESE HEARINGS.
SO THESE ARE TWO PUBLIC EXAMPLES
OF REPUBLICAN MEMBERS OF
CONGRESS WHO ARE NOT PERSUADED
AND IF HOUSE MEMBERS, IF THESE
SORTS OF REPUBLICANS ARE NOT
TEMPTED TO VOTE AGAINST THE
PRESIDENT, THEN THERE'S NO WAY
THAT SENATORS ARE GOING TO FEEL
PRESSURE.
>> QUICKLY, LOOKS LIKE THE TWO
SIDES ARE GROWING --
>> GROWING FARTHER APART OR
MAYBE THEY ARE JUST FEELING MORE
COMMITTED TO THEIR POSITION OR
JUST AS COMMITTED AS THEY WERE
BEFORE THIS BEGAN.
THE REPUBLICANS, THOUGH, WHO
SHOULD BE CONCERNED, AND
PROBABLY ARE CONCERNED RIGHT
NOW, ARE IN THE SENATE, ON THE
SENATE SIDE WHERE YOU HAVE
REPUBLICANS UP FOR REELECTION IN
BLUE STATES LIKE COLORADO AND
MAINE AND INCREASINGLY PURPLE
ARIZONA.
>> Woodruff: AND THEY'D COME
INTO PLAY AFTER THE HOUSE VOTED
ON IMPEACHMENT.
SO TO THE 2020 DEMOCRATIC RACE,
WE HAVE A NEW ENTRANT, AS OF
THIS WEEKEND.
HE IS NONE OTHER THAN THE FORMER
MAYOR OF NEW YORK CITY, MICHAEL
BLOOMBERG, AND HE'S OUT WITH A
SPLASH, TAM, $31 MILLION IN ADS
ACROSS THE COUNTRY.
HERE'S AN EXCERPT OF THE FIRST
AD THEY'RE RUNNING.
>> AND NOW HE'S TAKING ON HIM,
TO REBUILD THE COUNTRY AND
RESTORE FAITH IN THE DREAM THAT
DEFINES US, WHERE THE WEALTHY
WILL PAY MORE IN TAXES AND THE.
MIDDLE CLASS GET THEIR FAIR
SHARE.
EVERYONE WITH HEALTH INSURANCE
CAN GET IT, EVERYONE WHO LIKES
IT KEEPS IT, AND JOBS WILL HELP
YOU GET AHEAD AND ON ALL THOSE
THINGS BLOOMBERG INTENDS TO MAKE
GOOD.
>> Woodruff: THEY'RE RUNNING
THAT AD, A SHORT VERSION OF IT
IN 46 OF THE 50 STATES, WE'VE
GOT A MAP HERE.
EVERY STATE THAT'S YELLOW ON THE
MAP THEY'RE RUNNING AND SPEDING
2-PLUS MILLION IN NEW YORK CITY,
1.6 MILLION IN LOS ANGELES.
THIS IS 1.9 MILLION.
THIS IS HUGE.
>> THIS IS GOING TO TEST SOME
THINGS, SOME IDEAS IN POLITICS.
ONE IDEA IN POLITICS THAT
EMERGED AFTER PRESIDENT TRUMP
WON WITH FAR LESS MONEY THAN
HILLARY CLINTON WAS, OH, WELL,
MAYBE MONEY DOESN'T MATTER.
I GUESS WE'LL FIND OUT WHETHER
MONEY MATTERS BECAUSE HE IS IN
THE PROCESS OF TRYING TO BUY
SOME LOVE AND ATTENTION.
THE OTHER QUESTION, THOUGH, IS,
TRADITIONALLY, YOU CAN'T SKIP
THE FIRST FEW STATES AND THINK
THAT YOU'RE GOING TO SOMEHOW
HAVE MOMENTUM AFTER THAT.
McCANNED, THE CHAIRMAN B OF
THE RNC, SAID PEOPLE WHO PLANT
THEIR FLAG IN STATES AFTER THOSE
FIRST FEW STATES OFTEN FIND
MOMENTUM OVERTAKES THEM.
>> Woodruff: HE'S COUNTING,
AMY, ON MONEY OVERCOMING A LOT
OF THIS.
>> HE'S COUNTING ON A COUPLE OF
THINGS.
IT'S GOOD YOU POINTED OUT DONALD
TRUMP BECAUSE HE ALSO WENT
AGAINST CONVENTIONAL THINKING
BECAUSE EVEN IN THE PRIMARIES HE
DIDN'T SPEND THAT MUCH MONEY, HE
WAS COUNTING ON HIS NAME I.D.
AND HIS ABILITY TO DOMINATE THE
MEDIA LANDSCAPED.
HE WAS BEING COVERED BY CABLE
NEWS AND TOOK UP ALL THE
POLITICAL OXYGEN AND THE
TRADITIONAL WAYS OF CAMPAIGNING,
GO AND ORGANIZE, HOST THE MEET
AND GREETS WITH VOTERS, IT
DIDN'T MATTER.
IT WAS CALLED FREE MEDIA, HE
JUST SUCKED ALL OF THAT UP.
THE YOU'RE MICHAEL BLOOMBERG,
IT'S DIFFERENT, YOU'RE PAYING
FOR MEDIA, AND THE THEORY BEING,
IF YOU SPEND AN AMOUNT OF MONEY
LIKE WE'VE NEVER EVER SEEN
BEFORE IN AMERICAN POLITICS,
THAT BY THE TIME THAT WE HIT
POST-SOUTH CAROLINA, SO FROM THE
VERY BEGINNING OF MARCH, THE
THEORY BEING THE PROCESS HAS SO
JUST SORT OFO WHETHER IT TRAITD
FIELD, RIGHT, NOBODY'S REALLY A
FRONTRUNNER, EVERYBODY HAS THIS
BAGGAGE, AND THEY CAN TURN TO
SOMEBODY WHO'S JUST BEEN ON
THEIR AIR WAVES AND SMARTPHONES
FOR THE LAST COUPLE OF MONTHS
TELLING THEM HOW GREAT HE IS.
ALL THESE OTHER CANDIDATES LOOK
BAD, THE DEMOCRATS HAVE GOTTEN
BEATEN UP, LET'S TURN TO MICHAEL
BLOOMBERG.
THAT'S WHOSE THEORY, IT'S A BIG,
BIG GAMBLE, BUT THAT'S WHAT HE'S
COUNTING ON.
>> Woodruff: BUT IS THERE
HISTORY OF SOMEBODY COMING IN
LATE AND MAKING IT WORK?
>> NOT IN MODERN --
>> Woodruff: NOT SINCE WE'VE
HAD THESE EARLY PRIMARIES.
>> THAT'S RIGHT.
>> Woodruff: 31 MILLION IN ONE
WEEKS AND THERE ARE A COUPLE OF
WEEKS AND MONTHS TO GO BEFORE WE
GET TO THE POST-EARLY PRIMARIES.
WE WILL WATCH.
AMY WALTER, TAMERA KEITH, THANK
YOU BOTH.
>> YOU'RE WELCOME.
>> Woodruff: FAMILY SIZES HAVE
BEEN STEADILY SHRINKING AROUND
THE INDUSTRIALIZED WORLD FOR
DECADES.
THE DECLINE HAS BEEN
PARTICULARLY DRAMATIC IN ITALY.
JUST A GENERATION AGO IT WAS
COMMON FOR ITALIAN MOTHERS TO
HAVE MORE THAN FOUR CHILDREN.
TODAY, THE AVERAGE FAMILY HAS
FEWER THAN TWO.
NEWSHOUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT
CHRISTOPHER LIVESAY REPORTS FROM
SICILY.
THE SHRINKING POPULATION COULD
DRAG THE COUNTRY INTO AN
UNPRECEDENTED ECONOMIC CRISIS.
>> Reporter: LITTLE SAVERIO IS
JUST 13 DAYS OLD, BORN HERE IN
THE SICILIAN TOWN OF NICOSIA.
>> IT'S SPECIAL TO THE HOSPITAL,
AND VERY, VERY SPECIAL TO US.
>> Reporter: SPECIAL TO THEM,
BECAUSE IT'S THEIR FIRST CHILD.
SPECIAL TO THE HOSPITAL, BECAUSE
HE'S THE ONLY NEWBORN HERE.
THE BIRTH RATE HERE IS SO LOW,
THE MATERNITY WARD HAS RISKED
CLOSING, SAYS DR. MARIA ROSARIA
VENA, WHO OVERSEES IT.
>> ( translated ): IT'S A BIT
SAD TO SEE ALL THESE EMPTY BEDS,
BECAUSE WHEN THERE AREN'T ANY
BIRTHS, WE FEEL LIKE WE'RE
WASTING HOURS OF OUR TIME.
>> Reporter: HOW MANY BIRTHS
WERE THERE LAST YEAR IN TOTAL?
>> ( translated ): ABOUT 200
BIRTHS.
WHEREAS WHEN I STARTED WORKING
HERE 20 YEARS AGO, THERE WERE
ABOUT 400 EVERY YEAR.
>> Reporter: SO JUST IN THE SPAN
OF 20 YEARS HALF OF THE BIRTHS
HAVE GONE.
>> ( translated ): YES.
THAT'S WHY THERE'S ALWAYS THE
RISK THEY COULD SHUT US DOWN.
TO JUSTIFY A MATERNITY WARD, YOU
HAVE TO HAVE A MINIMUM 500
ANNUAL BIRTHS.
BUT THE NEAREST OTHER HOSPITAL
IS A VERY LONG AND DIFFICULT
DRIVE AWAY.
IF THEY CLOSE THIS HOSPITAL,
SOME MOTHERS WOULD END UP GIVING
BIRTH ON THE SIDE OF THE ROAD.
>> Reporter: ACROSS THE HALL I
MEET 20-YEAR-OLD LORENA
SCRIFFIGNANO, THE ONLY EXPECTANT
MOTHER IN THE WARD.
>> ( translated ): I DON'T HAVE
ANY FRIENDS WHO ARE PREGNANT.
IT'S REALLY HARD TO RAISE A
FAMILY.
I DON'T HAVE A JOB, AND THE
FATHER HAS TO DRIVE FOR AN HOUR
AND 30 MINUTES TO WORK.
SO HE'S GOING TO BE AWAY A LOT.
AND MY CHILD ISN'T GOING TO HAVE
MANY FRIENDS HIS OWN AGE.
>> Reporter: IT'S A SCENE
REPEATING ITSELF ACROSS ITALY.
CENSUS FIGURES SHOW THE NATIONAL
POPULATION IS STEADILY
SHRINKING-- THE FIRST TIME
THAT'S HAPPENED IN 90 YEARS.
DUE IN LARGE PART TO THE
DECLINING BIRTHRATE.
THE AVERAGE ITALIAN FAMILY TODAY
ONLY HAS 1.2 CHILDREN, SAYS
ANGELO MAZZA, A PROFESSOR OF
DEMOGRAPHICS AT THE UNIVERSITY
OF CATANIA IN SICILY.
THERE'S THAT IDEA OF THE ITALIAN
FAMILY WITH LOTS OF KIDS.
I MEAN, WHAT COULD BE MORE
ITALIAN THAN THAT?
>> FERTILITY RATES HAVE BEEN
GOING DOWN FROM THE MID-60s.
TO REPLACE THE POPULATION EVERY
WOMAN SHOULD MAKE AT LEAST TWO
BABIES DURING HER LIFE.
I MEAN, THAT'S LOGIC.
AND 1.2 IS KIND OF FAR FROM TWO.
>> Reporter: SO WHY ARE ITALIANS
JUST NOT HAVING AS MANY CHILDREN
AS THEY USED TO?
>> WELL, IT IS NOT BECAUSE THEY
DON'T WANT TO.
THEY FEEL THAT CONDITIONS ARE
NOT GOOD ENOUGH TO HAVE TWO
BABIES.
BECAUSE YOU NEED TO GET A JOB, A
PROPER JOB.
AND IT MAY HAPPEN THAT THIS DOES
NOT GIVE YOU ENOUGH TIME TO
FULFILL YOUR WISHES, YOUR
REPRODUCTIVE WISHES, YOU SEE.
>> Reporter: ITALY'S ECONOMY HAS
BEEN REELING SINCE THE 2008
GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS.
THE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
STANDS AT A STAGGERING 35%,
PROMPTING YOUNG PEOPLE TO BOTH
HOLD OFF ON STARTING A FAMILY,
AND LEAVE IN SEARCH OF WORK.
LAST YEAR, MORE THAN 150,000
ITALIANS EMIGRATED ABROAD.
FACTOR IN THE PLUNGE IN
PREGNANCIES, AND YOU HAVE THE
ONLY MAJOR EUROPEAN ECONOMY WITH
A POPULATION FORECAST TO DECLINE
EVEN FURTHER OVER THE NEXT FIVE
YEARS.
TAKE, FOR EXAMPLE, THE TOWN OF
ACQUAVIVA PLATANI IN SICILY.
TODAY IT HAS ONLY 800
INHABITANTS, DOWN FROM ROUGHLY
3,700 IN THE 50s.
FOUNDED FOUR CENTURIES AGO, THE
TOWN'S NARROW STREETS AND
POSITION HIGH ATOP A HILL ONCE
MADE IT DIFFICULT FOR INVADERS
TO PILLAGE.
TODAY, YOUNG PEOPLE FIND IT
DIFFICULT TO LIVE AND WORK HERE,
SAYS MAYOR SALVATORE CARUSO.
>> ( translated ): THERE'S
HARDLY ANY INDUSTRY.
A NUMBER OF YOUNG PEOPLE HAVE
GONE TO LIVE IN THE NORTH OR
ABROAD, EITHER TO STUDY OR TO
WORK.
IT'S HARD TO IMAGINE YOUNG
COUPLES COMING HERE IF THEY
DON'T HAVE WORK.
TODAY THE MAJORITY OF THE
POPULATION IS ELDERLY.
SO THERE ARE HARDLY ANY BIRTHS.
IT'S THE SAME IN TOWNS OF OUR
>> Reporter: HOW MANY BIRTHS ARE
WE TALKING ABOUT?
>> ( translated ): I BELIEVE
LAST YEAR THERE WERE FIVE OR
SIX, AND WE'LL HAVE AROUND THAT
THIS YEAR TOO.
>> Reporter: OVER THE YEARS, HE
SAYS, VANISHING FAMILIES HAS
MEANT SHRINKING CLASS SIZES,
FORCING THEM TO COMBINE AGE
GROUPS, AND IN SOME CASES CLOSE
SCHOOLS.
BUT IF PEOPLE AREN'T HAVING
CHILDREN ANYMORE, DOES YOUR TOWN
RUN THE RISK OF EVENTUALLY
DYING?
>> ( translated ): THERE'S A GAP
OF 10-15 PEOPLE EVERY YEAR,
BETWEEN BIRTHS AND DEATHS.
SO IT'S CERTAINLY POSSIBLE.
>> Reporter: WALKING THE EMPTY
STREETS, I MEET SOME OF THOSE
FEW YOUNG PEOPLE STILL LIVING
HERE.
THEY ALL SHARE THE SAME PART-
TIME JOB, ONE OF THE FEW LEFT IN
TOWN: CARETAKING FOR THE
ELDERLY.
>> IT WOULD BE NICE TO RAISE A
FAMILY IN MY HOMETOWN.
BUT I DON'T KNOW IF I HAVE A
FUTURE HERE.
I REALLY THINK I'LL HAVE TO
LEAVE.
I DON'T WANT TO SEE MY TOWN
DISAPPEAR, BUT IN THE END, WE
HAVE TO LOOK OUT FOR OURSELVES.
>> Reporter: ITALY IS SECOND IN
THE WORLD ONLY TO JAPAN FOR
HAVING THE HIGHEST CONCENTRATION
OF SENIOR CITIZENS.
IF MORE YOUNG PEOPLE LEAVE, IT'S
A VICIOUS CIRCLE FOR THE TOWN
AND THE COUNTRY.
>> IF WE HAVE LESS CHILDREN
TODAY WE'RE GOING TO HAVE LESS
PARENTS TOMORROW AND EVEN LESS
CHILDREN AND SO FORTH.
>> Reporter: SO WHAT ARE SOME OF
THE PROBLEMS THAT WE MIGHT RUN
INTO?
>> THE POPULATION COULD
EXTINGUISH.
AND WHEN BABY BOOMERS WILL
RETIRE, YOU KNOW, YOU'RE GOING
TO HAVE A SMALL AMOUNT OF
INDIVIDUALS TAKING CARE OF A
LARGER AMOUNT OF OLD PEOPLE, YOU
KNOW.
THINGS ARE GOING TO BE EVEN
WORSE IN THE NEXT 10 OR 20
YEARS.
>> Reporter: ONLY 10 OR 20
YEARS?
THAT'S RIGHT AROUND THE CORNER.
>> THAT'S THE EMERGENCY.
>> Reporter: IT'S AN EMERGENCY?
>> YES.
IT'S A REAL EMERGENCY.
>> Reporter: BUT SOLUTIONS
EXIST, HE SAYS.
THE GOVERNMENT COULD INCENTIVIZE
CHILDBIRTH, MUCH AS NEIGHBORING
FRANCE HAS DONE BY INVESTING
MORE IN DAYCARE, LONGER PARENTAL
LEAVES, AND TAX EXEMPTIONS TO
PARENTS.
>> THEY HAVE NOW ALMOST THE SAME
POPULATION THAT ITALY DOES.
YOU KNOW THAT THEY HAVE 65% MORE
CHILDREN EVERY YEAR THAN IN
ITALY.
>> Reporter: IN FRANCE?
>> YES.
65% MORE.
>> Reporter: THE OTHER SOLUTION:
MIGRANTS.
MOSTLY FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA,
THE MIDDLE EAST, AND SOUTH ASIA.
THEY'VE BEEN STEADILY ARRIVING
IN ITALY FOR YEARS, OFFSETTING
MUCH OF THE DECLINE IN
POPULATION.
LAST YEAR, HOWEVER, ITALY BEGAN
TO BAN MIGRANT SHIPS, AND ENACT
OTHER MEASURES TO LOWER
IMMIGRATION TO THE COUNTRY.
IF ITALY CONTINUES TO BLOCK
MIGRATION FROM OUTSIDE EUROPE,
THEN HALF OF THE POPULATION WILL
DIE OUT BY THE END OF THE
CENTURY, ACCORDING TO THE E.U.'S
STATISTICS AGENCY.
BACK IN ACQUAVIVA PLATANI,
ALESSIA BOSCARINI MANAGES A
CAFE, WHERE SHE'S RECENTLY GIVEN
HER SHRINKING TOWN A BUMP OF
HOPE.
>> ( translated ): HE'S DUE IN
JUST A FEW WEEKS.
HIS NAME IS ALESSANDRO, OUR
FIRST.
IT'S VERY EXCITING, BECAUSE
THERE ARE SO FEW BABIES BORN
FROM OUR TOWN EVERY YEAR.
THIS WILL ONLY BE THE FIFTH THIS
YEAR.
IT'S SUCH A BIG EVENT THAT THE
TOWN RINGS THE CHURCH BELLS
EVERY TIME A BABY IS BORN.
>> Reporter: BUT WITH THAT BIRTH
SEVERAL WEEKS AWAY, THE BELLS
REMAIN SILENT, AS THEY HAVE FOR
MOST OF THE YEAR.
FOR THE PBS NEWSHOUR, I'M
CHRISTOPHER LIVESAY IN ACQUAVIVA
PLATANI, SICILY.
>> Woodruff: IN 2013,
BILLIONAIRE INVESTOR,
BUSINESSMAN AND PHILANTHROPIST
DAVID RUBENSTEIN SET OUT AN
AMBITIOUS PLAN: TO MODERATE A
SERIES OF CONVERSATIONS WITH
PROMINENT HISTORIANS, IN FRONT
OF AN AUDIENCE OF BIPARTISAN
LAWMAKERS.
THE GOAL: TO MAKE MEMBERS OF
CONGRESS MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE
ABOUT THE PAST SO THEY COULD
BETTER DEAL WITH THE COUNTRY'S
FUTURE.
RUBENSTEIN IS NOW SHARING THE
BEST OF THOSE CONVERSATIONS IN A
NEW BOOK, "THE AMERICAN STORY."
A NOTE-- DAVID RUBENSTEIN'S
PHILANTHROPY INCLUDES PUBLIC
TELEVISION, AND THE PBS
NEWSHOUR.
I BEGAN BY ASKING HIM IF THIS
WORK WITH LAWMAKERS AND
HISTORIANS HAS ACHIEVED ITS
GOALS.
WE HAVE REPUBLICANS,
DEMOCRATS AND PEOPLE FROM BOTH
HOUSES COMING.
WE GET ABOUT 250 TO 300 PEOPLE
PARTICIPATING IN EACH INTERVIEW.
THEY HAVE A RECEPTION.
WE ASK THEM TO SIT WITH PEOPLE
FROM THE OPPOSITE PARTY IN THE
OPPOSITE HOUSE SO THEY GET TO
KNOW PEOPLE THEY DON'T OTHERWISE
KNOW OR GET TO TALK TO.
THERE'S NO PRESS THERE SO
THERE'S NOT PRESSURE TO DO
ANYTHING, AND THEY HAVE AN
INTERVIEW THAT THEY CAN WATCH
AND PARTICIPATE IN THE INTERVIEW
BY ASKING QUESTIONS AND THEY'RE
LIKE ANY OTHER AUDIENCE, THEY
BRING DOG EARED COPIES OF THE
BOOKS AND WANT THEM AUTOGRAPHED
LIKE ANYBODY ELSE.
SO THE REASON IS NOT THE ERA OF
GOOD FEELS, BUT THE THINKING IS
PEOPLE WHO MAKE THE LAWS SHOULD
KNOW OUR COUNTRY'S HISTORY AND
IT SHOULD BE KNOWN BY EVERYBODY
IN THE COUNTRY, PARTICULARLY THE
LAWMAKERS.
RIGHT NOW WE DON'T TEACH HISTORY
OR CIVICS IN THE UNITED STATES
MUCH ANYMORE, AND YOU GET
SURVEYS THAT THREE-QUARTERS OF
AMERICANS CAN'T NAME THREE
BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT AND SOME
CAN'T NAME ONE BRANCH OF
GOVERNMENT.
>> Woodruff: IT'S A SAD
SITUATION, WHEN YOU SEE THE
STATISTIC.
FROM THIS BOOK, YOU TALK TO
HISTORIANS FROM TEN DIFFERENT
PRESIDENTS BUT THEN TO OTHER
GREAT AMERICAN LEADERS.
THERE ARE SO MANY THINGS THAT
STOOD OUT TO ME.
TALKING TO HISTORIAN JACK WARREN
ABOUT GEORGE WASHINGTON AND HOW
HE WAS THE RIGHT MAN FOR THE
MOMENT, WHY?
>> REMEMBER, GEORGE WASHINGTON
THREE TIMES TURNED DOWN POWER,
AFTER HE WON THE REVOLUTIONARY
WAR AS THE LEADING GENERAL, HE
WENT BACK TO MT. VERNER, SAID I
DON'T WANT TO BE THE LEADER OF
THE COUNTRY.
SECOND TIME HE PROVIDED OVER THE
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION BUT HE
DIDN'T WANT TO LEAD THE COUNTRY,
HE WENT BACK TO MOUNT VERNON AND
THE THIRD TIME HE WAS ELECTED
PRESIDENT, HE DIDN'T WANT TO BE
BUT HE SERVED AND HE SAID I WANT
TO DO WHAT I CAN FOR MY COUNTRY
AND WAS INDISPENSABLE.
HAD WE NOT HAD GEORGE
WASHINGTON, I'M NOT SURE WE
WOULD HAVE WON THE REVOLUTIONARY
WAR.
>> Woodruff: FRANKLIN
ROOSEVELT, YOU PRESSED JAY WENIC
ON WHY ROOSEVELT DIDN'T
INTERVENE TO STOP THE HOLOCAUST
SOONER.
THE ANSWER WAS STUNNING, IT WAS
ROOSEVELT'S DECISION NOT TO
INTERVENE ANY SOONER.
>> I THINK IT WAS A COMBINATION
OF MANY THINGS GOING ON IN THE
WAR.
I DON'T THINK HE KNEW HOW MUCH
IMPACT HE HAD WOULD HE HAVE BEEN
WILLING TO BOMB THE RAILROADS
GOING TO AUSCHWITZ.
I TRIED TO SAY HERE ARE SOME OF
THE INTERVIEWS OF SOME OF THE
GREATEST HISTORIANS IN THE
COUNTRY.
DON'T READ THE BOOKS ALONE.
READ THE BOOKS THEMSELVES.
I'M DIG DIGESTING THE INTERVIEWD
I THINK THEY'RE READABLE BUT YOU
SHOULD READ THE ENTIRE BOOK.
>> MOST OF THE GREAT LEADERS YOU
WRITE ABOUT, OF COURSE, ARE MEN.
IN THE CHAPTER WHERE YOU
INTERVIEWED COKIE ROBERTS, DEAR
FRIEND WHO PASSED AWAY NOT LONG
AGO, BECAUSE SHE'D RINE SEVERAL
BOOKS ABOUT THE FOUNDING
MOTHERS, WHAT DID YOU TAKE AWAY
FROM THAT, DAVID RUBENSTEIN,
ABOUT WHY WOMEN HAVEN'T GOTTEN
MORE ATTENTION?
>> IN THE EARLY DAYS OF OUR
COUNTRY, WOMEN WERE NOT ALLOWED
TO VOTE, THEY WEREN'T ALLOWED TO
OWN PROPERTY.
IF YOU WERE MARRIED, YOU
COULDN'T OWN PROPERTY AND
OBVIOUSLY YOU COULDN'T BE AN
OFFICE HOLDER.
HOW DID THEY EXERCISE INFLUENCE?
THEY TENDED TO DO IT P THROUGH
THEIR HUSBANDS.
THE LETTERS BETWEEN JOHN ABIGAIL
AND ADAMS, MAYBE A THOUSAND OF
THEM, AND SHE HAD A SECOND GRADE
JAIRKS EDUCATION AND SHE WAS AS
EDUCATED AND LITERATE SOUNDING
AS HER LAWYER HUSBAND.
COKIE DUG THROUGH THESE AND YOU
SAW THE WOMEN HAD A LOT OF
INFLUENCE ON THE MEN.
>> Woodruff: DAVID
McCullough telling you, he
said the best and most effective
people in public life without
exception have been the people
who had a profound and very
often life-long interest in
history.
DO YOU MAKE A CONNECTION WITH
TODAY AND PRESIDENT TRUMP?
>> I THINK MANY PEOPLE WHO
UNDERSTAND HISTORY ARE AT AN
ADVANTAGE, BUT BECAUSE OF STEM,
WE HAVE TAKEN PHYSICS AND
HISTORY OUT OF IT.
>> Woodruff: FOCUSED ON
SCIENCE AND MATH.
>> PEOPLE ARE CONCERNED ABOUT
COMPETING WITH THE CHINESE,
THAT'S A LEGITIMATE CONCERN, BUT
I DON'T THINK PEOPLE SHOULD TAKE
STEM COURSES AND NOT HISTORY
COURSES.
IN THE LAST EIGHT YEARS, HISTORY
MAJORS IN THE UNITED STATES HAVE
GONE DOWN BY 34%.
VERY FEW PEOPLE MAJOR IN HISTORY
AND THE RESULT IS VERY FEW
PEOPLE KNOW ABOUT THE HISTORY.
>> Woodruff: HAVE YOU THOUGHT
ABOUT WHICH GREAT HISTORIAN WILL
BE IN A POSITION TO WRITE ABOUT
TRUMP?
>> IT TAKES ABOUT 40 YEARS FOR A
HISTORIAN TO GET AHOLD OF THE
DOCUMENTS AND COME UP WITH A
JUDGMENT.
SO I THINK IT'S TOO EARLY.
THE PERSON WHO WILL BE THE GREAT
HISTORIAN AND WILL WRITE ABOUT
THE PRESIDENT IS PROBABLY IN
GRADE SCHOOL.
I THINK PEOPLE YOUR AGE AND MY
AGE WILL NOT BE THE GREAT
HISTORIANS TO WRITE THAT, BUT I
THINK IT'S TOO EARLY TO SAY AND
WE DON'T KNOW WHAT'S GOING TO
HAPPEN WITH HIS TERM.
MOST PRESIDENTS ARE JUDGED AS
SUCTIONS IF THEY GET REELECTED
EVEN IF THE SECOND TERM IS NOT
THAT SUCCESSFUL AND MANY SECOND
TERMS ARE SUCCESSFUL.
IT WILL BE DIFFICULT TO SAY
WHETHER HIS FIRST TERM IS
SUCCESSFUL UNLESS HE GETS
ELECTED.
>> Woodruff: TWO, MAYBE THREE
BILLIONAIRES RUNNING FOR THE
PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES.
PRESIDENT TRUMP RUNNING FOR
REELECTION, TOM STIER, MAYBE
MICHAEL BLOOMBERG, WHAT ABOUT
DAVID RUBENSTEIN?
WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT RUNNING
FOR OFFICE?
>> RIGHT NOW, I'M DOING THE BEST
I CAN IN WHAT I DO.
I THINK THE COUNTRY HAVES ENOUGH
PEOPLE WHO ARE BILLIONAIRES
RUNNING FOR PRESIDENT.
I KNOW MANY OF THEM.
THEY ARE VERY QUALIFIED IN SOME
WAYS TO BE PRESIDENT, BUT I
THINK MY BEST USE FOR THE
COUNTRY IS DOING WHAT I'M DOING
NOW AND WHAT I WOULD RATHER DO
MORE THAN ANYTHING ELSE IS TALK
TO YOU ABOUT THIS BOOK.
>> Woodruff: DAVID RUBENSTEIN,
THE BOOK IS THE AMERICAN STORY,
CONVERSATIONS WITH MASTER
HISTORIANS.
THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
>> MY PLEASURE, THANK YOU.
>> Woodruff: NEARLY SIX MILLION
AMERICANS ARE LIVING WITH
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, AND THE
NUMBER CONTINUES TO SOAR.
FOR MANY, THIS DIAGNOSIS IS THE
START OF A LIFE WITH
LIMITATIONS.
BUT, AS AN ART PROGRAM IN
MINNEAPOLIS SHOWS, A LIFE THAT
CAN STILL HOLD GREAT JOY AND
MEANING.
THE STORY COMES TO US FROM KATE
McDONALD OF TWIN CITIES PBS IN
MINNEAPOLIS AS PART OF OUR
ONGOING ARTS AND CULTURE SERIES,
"CANVAS."
>> WELCOME TO THE WALKER ART
CENTER.
WE HAVE A BEAUTIFUL DAY TODAY.
WE ARE GOING TO EXPLORE THE
SCULPTURE GARDEN TOGETHER.
>> Reporter: TAKING A TOUR OF
OUTDOOR SCULPTURE WOULD NOT HAVE
BEEN A NORMAL ACTIVITY FOR MOST
OF MARV LOFQUIST'S LIFE.
BUT WHEN THE RETIRED CHEMISTRY
PROFESSOR WAS DIAGNOSED WITH
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE SEVEN YEARS
AGO, HE BEGAN TO APPRECIATE ART
IN A NEW WAY.
>> I LIKE THE CONTRAST BETWEEN
THE DARK COAT AND THE WHITEISH
FACE.
IF I GOT UPSET EVERY TIME I
DIDN'T REMEMBER SOMETHING I
WOULD BE UPSET ALL DAY.
I CAN'T REMEMBER WHAT I SAID
FIVE MINUTES AGO, BUT I THINK
THEN YOU TURN AROUND AND SAY,
JUST ENJOY WHAT IS THERE, RIGHT
NOW.
I CAN LOOK AT THINGS AND
APPRECIATE THEM IN WAYS I NEVER
THOUGHT I WOULD.
>> Reporter: LOFQUIST IS AMONG
MORE THAN 1,000 PEOPLE WHO HAVE
PARTICIPATED IN CONTEMPORARY
JOURNEYS, A PROGRAM DESIGNED BY
THE WALKER ART CENTER FOR PEOPLE
WITH DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER'S.
ALONG WITH A PARTNER, OFTEN A
FAMILY MEMBER OR FRIEND.
>> THIS ARTIST LOVED TO COLLECT
BONES, WOOD PIECES, STONES,
ROCKS.
>> Reporter: ILENE KRUG MOJSILOV
HELPED FOUND THE PROGRAM IN 2009
AND LEADS THE TOURS ONCE A
MONTH.
MOJSILOV SAYS THAT PEOPLE WITH
DEMENTIA ARE UNIQUELY OPEN AND
WITHOUT INHIBITION WHEN
INTERPRETING WHAT THEY SEE.
>> OH, MARV, YOU ARE
DEMONSTRATING, VERY GOOD.
>> OH, YEAH, SHAKE YOUR HAND,
GIVE ME YOUR HAND.
( LAUGHTER )
>> ONE THING I LEARNED FROM THIS
GROUP IS THERE'S ALWAYS SOMEONE
THAT CONTRIBUTES SOMETHING FRESH
AND NEW THAT I HAVEN'T
CONSIDERED BEFORE.
THIS GROUP IS TOTALLY IN THE
MOMENT AND IT, IT MAKES ME MORE
SENSITIVE TO THE WORLD AT LARGE
>> WHAT IS MISSING FROM THAT
COAT?
>> A HAT!
>> A HAT!
COOL, COOL!
( LAUGHTER )
>> Reporter: TOUR GUIDES MAKE
ADJUSTMENTS FOR THE NEEDS OF THE
PARTICIPANTS.
THEY DISCUSS ONLY THE ARTWORK
THAT IS RIGHT IN FRONT OF THEM,
AND KEEP CONVERSATION IN THE
PRESENT.
>> THAT'S WHAT'S SO COOL ABOUT
ART.
WHAT YOU EACH BRING TO THE
SCULPTURE IS IMPORTANT.
YOUR IDEAS ARE IMPORTANT.
>> Reporter: BUT DOES ART
THERAPY WORK?
IT IS NOT AS EASY AS DETERMINING
IF A DRUG IS EFFECTIVELY
WORKING.
WE ASKED PUBLIC HEALTH PROFESSOR
JOSEPH GAUGLER TO ASSESS THE
PROJECT.
>> YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT OUTCOMES
OF QUALITY OF LIFE, WELLBEING,
KIND OF MORE HUMANISTIC OUTCOMES
THAT SOMETIMES YOU CAN'T ALWAYS
MEASURE WITH A SCALE.
ART THERAPY APPROACHES CAN
REALLY HELP ENHANCE THE
PERSONHOOD OF THE PERSON LIVING
WITH DEMENTIA.
PEOPLE WITH MEMORY LOSS CAN
STILL CONTINUE TO EXPRESS
THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND EMOTIONS
IN A HEALTHY WAY.
>> Reporter: IN ADDITION TO
LOOKING AT ART, THE PROGRAM
ENGAGES PARTICIPANTS IN MAKING
THEIR OWN ART, INSPIRED BY
ARTWORKS THEY'VE SEEN ON THE
TOUR.
>> THE ART MAKING, I THINK,
AMPLIFIES THE EXPERIENCE.
IT'S A WAY TO ACTIVATE
COGNITION, AND IT'S WHAT, WHAT
JAZZES ME, TOO.
I'M LOOKING FOR MEANING IN LIFE.
AND I THINK CARE PARTNERS AND
OUR PARTICIPANTS ARE LOOKING FOR
MEANING, TOO.
>> Reporter: ART-MAKING CAN ALSO
DECREASE THE STRESS, AGITATION
AND ISOLATION OFTEN ASSOCIATED
WITH MEMORY LOSS.
ELAINE LOFQUIST IS MARV'S WIFE
AND CARE PARTNER.
THEY MET IN HIGH-SCHOOL AND HAVE
BEEN MARRIED FOR 53 YEARS.
>> DOING SOMETHING WITH JUST
MARV AND I JUST ALONE IS FUN AND
WE ENJOY DOING THAT.
BUT HAVING AN ACTIVITY THAT WE
CAN GO TO WITH OTHER PEOPLE IS
EVEN MORE BENEFICIAL FOR US IN
TERMS OF NOT FEELING ISOLATED.
>> I THINK SELF ISOLATION IS ONE
OF THE WORST THINGS YOU CAN DO
IN ANY SITUATION.
BUT ESPECIALLY WITH MEMORY LOSS.
I DON'T WANT TO BE SITTING THERE
AND NOT, NOT FEELING LIKE I
CAN'T PARTICIPATE.
CANNOT CONTRIBUTE.
GETTING A GROUP LIKE WE HAD
TOGETHER TO LOOK AT SOME ART
WORK OR TALK ABOUT SOME THINGS--
THAT'S WHAT I STILL WANT TO KEEP
DOING IS, YOU KNOW, WHAT CAN I
FIND ENJOYABLE?
BUT WHAT CAN I FIND TO DO?
WHAT CAN I FIND THAT'S
MEANINGFUL?
>> AS MORE PEOPLE UNFORTUNATELY
GET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, YOU'RE
GOING TO START, I THINK, SEEING
THE SEEDS OF A-- REALLY AN
ADVOCACY MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE WITH
MEMORY LOSS STATING THAT, "I'M
STILL HERE AND MY VALUES, MY
OPINIONS, MY THOUGHTS,
PREFERENCES MATTER."
>> HOW CAN WE TURN SOME OF THE
NEGATIVITY AROUND ALZHEIMER'S
AND SAY, "LET'S JUST GET ON WITH
IT AND ACCEPT IT AND DEAL WITH
IT AND ENJOY IN WHAT WE CAN?"
>> AND THAT IS WHAT ART DOES.
IT'S FOR THE PEOPLE NO MATTER
WHERE YOU ARE IN YOUR WALK OF
LIFE.
>> FOR A CHEMIST, NOT TOO BAD.
( APPLAUSE )
>> Reporter: FOR THE PBS
NEWSHOUR IN MINNEAPOLIS,
MINNESOTA, I'M KATE McDONALD FOR
TWIN CITIES PBS IN MINNEAPOLIS.
>> Woodruff: AND THAT'S THE
NEWSHOUR FOR TONIGHT.
I'M JUDY WOODRUFF.
JOIN US ON-LINE AND AGAIN HERE
TOMORROW EVENING.
FOR ALL OF US AT THE PBS
NEWSHOUR, THANK YOU AND SEE YOU
SOON.
>> MAJOR FUNDING FOR THE PBS
NEWSHOUR HAS BEEN PROVIDED BY:
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>> CONSUMER CELLULAR.
>> AND BY THE ALFRED P. SLOAN
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SUPPORTING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
AND IMPROVED ECONOMIC
PERFORMANCE AND FINANCIAL
LITERACY IN THE 21st CENTURY.
>> SUPPORTED BY THE JOHN D. AND
CATHERINE T. MacARTHUR
FOUNDATION.
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