MARIAN DIAMOND: Good
morning, can you hear me?
Not really?
I can't turn it up.
Can you hear now?
Can you hear in the back?
Yes, thank you.
All right, let's finish our
male reproductive system.
And we have shown some slides
preceding this on the subject,
so you know roughly what
we're going to cover,
but we'd start with the penis.
But first, I want to point
out, would you please all
fill out an evaluation.
We were told
specifically that it's
essential we get these so
the administration knows
what we're up to.
So please do.
It gives us ideas of what's
wrong, what to improve on.
I mean, we look at them.
We do take them seriously.
So thank you very much,
and please do fill them up.
If you don't have
a Scantron please,
they're here for those
who are coming in late.
They're passing them out there,
but we have some here as well.
STUDENT: When do we return them?
MARIAN DIAMOND: Today.
STUDENT: Where?
MARIAN DIAMOND: Right here--
right here before
you leave, they'll
be collecting them at the end.
All right, anything else?
No, we're fine?
Oh, does anybody have a syllabus
for 131A here in your notebook?
You have?
Perfect, can you let me
look at it after class?
Thanks a million.
So this is male reproduction and
we'll just start with the penis
and take a cross section.
We'll have three
cavernous bodies here.
Two, there'll be the
corpora cavernosa, penis--
so we'll put them here There
are cavernous, blood sinuses,
and the corpora--
one corpora cavernosa,
urethra, which we'll
put here with the urethra--
internally here-- and the
cavernous sinuses around it.
So with parasympathetic
stimulation,
blood rushes in to
these cavernous bodies--
parasympathetic stimulation,
blood fills cavernous bodies.
And the literature tells
us it takes about 50 cc's.
So we'll put 50
cc's plus or minus.
And the rush in
of arterial blood
will then block venous
flow so you get erection.
So the erection is blocking
the venous flow from the penis
after the cavernous bodies fill.
All right, so then
let's go out to semen.
We're not going to go
into further detail.
It gives just the basics.
Can I take all this Off?
Thank you.
Semen-- while we know that it's
going to have the secretions
from the three glands
that we mentioned--
secretions from--
[LAUGHTER]
What's the matter?
Hmm?
What'd we do?
Pardon?
The computer said something.
What did it say?
All right, we'll go on.
From the-- let's
see, what's the name
of the gland that's
on the posterior
surface of the urinary bladder?
Seminal vesicles, isn't
that what you said?
And what's it secreting?
Fructose to nourish
the sperm, right?
And then we had
the prostate gland.
Which of these gives off
more of the secretion
for constituting the semen?
STUDENT: Prostate?
MARIAN DIAMOND: No, 60% seminal
vesicles-- prostate anywhere
from 15% to 30%.
And prostate, what
does its secretion do?
Activates the sperm, right?
And then we had the third,
the little pea-sized ones,
bulbourethral--
I said they are pea-sized.
What size did we say
that prostate was?
Walnut size.
All right, and what are
the bulbourethrals doing?
They are neutralizing
the acid in the urethra--
so neutralize acid in urethra.
And then, of course,
we have the sperm.
These are giving us the fluid.
How much fluid did we
say for one ejaculation?
2.5 to 6 cc's per ejaculation.
And how many sperm?
200 times 10 to the 6
per ejaculation average--
if you have less than 20
million per ejaculation,
what do we call it?
Sterility, having trouble
conceiving, be sure
the sperm count is high.
All right, well with that,
we just took a few minutes
to get started.
Then we'll start our review.
And what I want to
say about the review--
since we don't have
time to give the skin,
I'm going to give
questions in the review
and give you answers.
So you're going to be learning.
As we said, the review
is equally learning.
[LAUGHTER]
Why do you laugh?
Oh you're happy, OK.
[LAUGHING]
You never know.
[APPLAUSE]
But I just want you
to know that I'm not
going to give a whole
lecture on the skin,
but it's a shame
because the skin is
the largest organ in your
body, and you probably
never knew that.
It is dynamic.
So we'll give you about two or
three questions in the text.
All right, we better go because
we've got lots to cover.
First slide please.
Whoops, we need to keep lights
on please, a little bit.
Can you see now?
You're fine, all right.
All right, the first
one we're going to see
is what organs are these?
Kidneys, good.
Well the kidneys lie
on the psoas major
and on the quadratus lumborum,
and are considered to be,
A, in the peritoneal cavity?
No-- anti peritoneal, superior
peritoneal, retro peritoneal.
Yes, you agree.
All right, so the left kidney--
this is an artist's rendition
so they didn't know position,
but you know it.
Is the left kidney
between the T5 to T7?
How about T6 to T12?
How about T12 to L3?
STUDENT: Yes.
MARIAN DIAMOND: OK,
all right, next one--
what organ are we in?
Kidney, good for you.
Now all right, is this
part of the nephron?
Sure, right?
Is the distal convoluted
tubule part of the nephron?
Sure-- and what
do we have that's
got to come down in
here and loop back up?
Is it part of the nephron?
Now when these collecting
ducts come down,
what are they going to go into--
the pyramids.
Those are still
collecting ducts--
the minor calyces, right.
So is a calyx part
of the nephron?
No.
New slide-- now, could
anybody tell me what part
of the nephron this tubule is?
What did you say?
Proximal convoluted tubule,
and how do you know?
What is this?
A brush border, good for you.
Now which substances
are not absorbed
in the proximal
convoluted tubule?
Is sodium-- yes.
Is glucose?
Is water?
What do you mean no?
100 cc's are absorbed here.
Was that a person who comes
to class or a person who
just comes to review?
That's a big
difference, isn't it?
Don't you, who just
come to the review,
feel guilty a little bit
after all these people
worked so hard to learn
this and they call it out
and you just write it down?
Don't you feel a little guilty?
I would.
Is phosphorus absorbed here?
No, all right.
New slide-- all right, what is
the most important structure
in creating the glomerular
filtrate from this structure
here?
Right, I heard it,
your basement membrane.
The next one-- no, stay
here, stay here please.
I'm gonna use it
for the next slide.
All right, if
1,200 cc's of blood
are flowing through this
structure per minute,
how much glomerular
filtrate will be caught off
in this Bowman's capsule?
125, right?
How much is going
to be re-absorbed?
124, right.
And so how much urine
are you forming?
1 cc, right.
New slide-- all right,
what are these structures?
Where are we first?
What tissue?
First, identify it.
STUDENT: Thyroid follicles?
MARIAN DIAMOND: Pardon?
STUDENT: Thyroid follicles?
MARIAN DIAMOND: No.
It's a good guess, but you don't
have all these loops of Henle
in the thyroid, do you?
So when you're trying
to identify a structure,
look at the whole
picture, right.
So what do you think they are?
Collecting ducts.
Good for you.
Now where does anti-diuretic
hormone coming from?
What part of the body?
Where is it coming from?
From the pituitary but
where is it formed?
In the hypothalamus, right.
It's just being stored in the
posterior pituitary right.
So now, where is it going
to act on the kidney?
The collecting ducts, right.
These are the collecting ducts.
They're cuboidal
epithelium, very
different from our
little loop of Henle,
which is here, because
these are collecting.
They're part of the
excretory portion.
They're taking the urine away.
All right.
Now, if there is a deficiency
in the anti-diuretic hormone
acting on these
collecting ducts, what do
we call the disease?
STUDENT: Diabetes insipidus.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Diabetes
insipidus, good for you.
New slide.
Now where are we?
We have vessels coming
in and out here.
This is our glomerulus, yes,
but what vessel is coming in?
Afferent arteriole.
And what vessel is close
to the afferent arteriole?
The distal convoluted
tubule, right.
And so what is in the wall of
the afferent arteriole that
makes it important?
The what?
The juxtaglomerular
apparatus, good for you.
And so what is it secreting?
Rennet.
New slide.
I thought I'd fool you.
Have you seen that
structure before?
What's the cardiac output?
How much of the cardiac
output does the brain get?
That's where it's
getting it from,
but what's the amount of cardiac
output that it's getting?
One fourth, good for you.
What amount does the kidney
get from the cardiac output?
One fourth.
I just want you to
appreciate that fact,
that your kidneys are
getting a quarter.
So between the brain
and your kidneys,
they get half of
the cardiac output.
You think you're going
to remember that five
minutes from now?
Will you remember it
six months from now?
I hope so, because
it's important.
All right, next one.
What are we showing here?
STUDENT: Urinary bladder.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Urinary
bladder, but specifically?
Trigone, and what
forms the trigone?
What are these?
What--
STUDENT: Ureter.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Ureter.
Don't confuse
urethra with ureter.
Right?
Ureters are coming
from the kidneys.
Urethra is coming from
the bladder, so learn
to say it so you don't confuse.
So what's this?
Urethra.
I don't hear all
of you saying it.
So forming your trigone.
Well, that's a lot better.
Don't you feel better
participating, rather than
just sitting like lumps?
I would.
All right.
So you've got a urethra here.
You've got two ureters here.
And what have we formed?
Trigone.
New slide.
Anybody guess where we are?
Look at this kind of epithelium.
You've seen it before.
It's not simple squamous, is it?
Pardon?
Bladder, did I hear?
Which kind of bladder?
Good for you.
What kind of epithelium do you
have in the urinary bladder?
Transitional, right.
Where does transitional begin?
You just saw your collecting
ducts were simple cuboidal.
So it's going to be in the
ureter, actually coming down.
And so you're going to see
it in the urinary bladder.
So when you're
filling your bladder
as you're sitting there,
this is going to go out
and it's going to get thin.
But as long as it's
an empty bladder,
this will get thick, so it's
transitional epithelium.
Now the urinary
bladder lies blank
to the non-pregnant uterus.
STUDENT: Anterior.
MARIAN DIAMOND:
Anterior, good for you.
Now why is the
relationship of the ureters
to the uterus of concern
during a hysterectomy?
You don't want to cut it.
But why would it be likely
that you might cut it?
What's the relationship between
those ureters and the uterus?
They're right in
front, aren't they.
They're anterior to that uterus.
All right, new slide.
Where are we?
The cochlea, right.
This was not covered
on the last exam.
We go back to the ear
for this exam, right,
because it was the
lecture before,
but we gave you a
handout on it, so we'll
see how many of you
studied the handout.
So the receptor for
hearing is called what?
The organ of Corti,
good for you.
Now as we look at
the cochlea, let's
see how many really
have studied.
Is the organ of Corti here?
Is it here?
Is it here?
Yes.
Did you study or get
that in another class?
Both?
OK.
New slide.
New slide.
Aha, what have we got here?
What do we call this?
Is it part of the external
ear, the middle ear,
or the internal ear?
External ear, you know that one.
Good.
All right.
Now, what is the tube that
goes back from the external ear
here?
The external auditory meatus.
All right.
Now, as young
anatomists, you've got
to build an external
auditory meatus.
What kind of epithelium
are you going to put there?
STUDENT: Stratified.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Stratified what?
STUDENT: Squamous.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Squamous, sure.
You're not going to
put ciliated, are you?
You're not going to
put single epithelium.
I want you to use your knowledge
now to figure these things out.
So sure.
The external
auditorium meatus is
lined with stratified
squamous epithelium.
Now, as we go down the external
auditory meatus, what's
the first structure we're going
to encounter that will fill it?
STUDENT: The tympanic membrane.
MARIAN DIAMOND: The
tympanic membrane, right.
But now you've got to
build a tympanic membrane.
What do you think
you're going to use?
There are four kinds of tissue.
You're going to need
connective tissue.
You know that one.
But now, are we going
to need epithelium?
You're not just going to
have connective tissue there,
are you?
You've got to cover
it with epithelium.
So what kind are
you going to use?
Your stratified squamous
like you did within the tube.
The middle layer
on the other side.
So what do you want
on the other side?
If you've got
stratified squamous
and you've given it
connective tissue,
what do you want on the inside?
A mucous membrane, right.
So what are the three components
of your tympanic membrane?
Connective tissue--
STUDENT: Stratified squamous.
MARIAN DIAMOND:
Stratified squamous,
and mucous membrane, sure.
Have they made successful
replacements for your eardrum?
Do you ever appreciate
your eardrum?
We wouldn't have any
session, would we,
if you didn't have one.
Remarkable little structure.
All right.
Next slide.
Where are we?
Testes.
How do you know testes?
Acrosomes?
All right.
So the germinal
epithelium in the what
produce thousands of
sperm throughout life?
What do we call the tubules?
Seminiferous
tubules, yes, say it.
Good.
All right.
I've skipped one, but I'll
give it to you orally.
The eustachian tube connects
the nasal pharynx with what?
STUDENT: Middle ear.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Middle ear.
You all know that one, right.
Now, I didn't have
a slide for it,
so the membranous labyrinth.
Where are we?
Here, right, follows the
outline of the bony labyrinth,
except for which one?
Semi-circular canals?
No.
Ampulla?
No.
Scala vestibuli?
No.
How about the
utricle and saccule?
Yes.
It's the fourth one,
so it better be yes.
All right, new slide.
Where are we?
Give me specifically
where we are.
We just did it.
Pardon?
I hear lots of noise.
STUDENT: Seminiferous tubules.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Seminiferous
tubules, of course.
Now what cells in the
seminiferous tubules
develop into the blood
testes barrier apparatus?
Sertoli cells, good for you.
New slide.
Now this one I didn't
get you, but let's see
if you can guess it.
The pH of semen is
about what to neutralize
the acid in the vagina?
You're doing all the
bases but the middle one.
What's the one?
Seven.
Right.
All right, new slide.
What vesicles are these?
Seminal vesicles.
What's this coming in here?
Pardon?
The vas deferens, good.
What do the vas deferens and
the seminal vesicles form?
Ejaculatory duct, right.
Next one.
Now we have a gland here.
What gland is this?
Everybody should know that.
Parotid, right.
So if you're
defining to somebody,
they say that the parotid is
a gland that experiences mumps
when there's a mumps virus,
and they'll say, well,
where's my parotid?
What are you going to say?
Not feel, you can feel it,
but what are you going to say?
Anterior and inferior to what?
Anterior to the ear and
inferior to the ear, slightly.
How about using the
external auditory meatus
as your landmark?
Same thing, right.
Anterior, inferior.
New slide.
What's the outer
layer here called?
Enamel, right.
Did you know you
looked like that
when you were forming teeth?
You had little deciduous teeth.
So what's the most stable,
hardest tissue in your body?
Your enamel.
New slide.
This is also in your mouth.
What is it?
Pardon?
I don't hear it.
No.
No.
It could be, because if you
knew it was lip, what would
you have out here?
Keratinized, very dead layer.
But what else do you
have in your mouth, then?
What do you call it?
What's the technical term?
Gingiva, that's what we're at.
So now, what are
the three substances
that keep your teeth
within their sockets?
One, gingiva, two, cementum,
periodontal membrane.
I have a good loud clear voice
here saying them specifically.
Thank you.
New slide.
All right, what
structure is this?
What nerves are
associated with it?
Five, seven, nine?
12, right.
All right, new slide.
What are these?
First where are we?
STUDENT: Tongue.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Tongue.
What do we call it?
A what?
Papilla.
Papilla.
We showed you an EM of these.
They're very marked.
So what do we have on
the walls of a pap--
pardon?
Taste buds, right.
Can I go back one, please?
This one.
I want to see if it showed
this, what I wanted from it.
So we should have right here,
we've got our epiglottis,
and then we've got
cartilage here.
What cartilage is this?
Thyroid cartilage.
All right.
So if we go down the
thyroid cartilage,
past that other cartilage,
what's the next cartilage?
Cricoid.
And then we go down
below the cricoid.
What is below the cricoid?
Pardon?
No, I want what cartilage.
The tracheal rings, right.
Now if I go posterior, what
am I going to have here?
The esophagus.
So what vertebral
level are the trachea
and the esophagus beginning at?
C6, right.
You did say C and
not T, didn't you?
Yeah.
C6.
New slide.
Next one, please.
All right.
Can anybody tell
me where we are?
Skin, right.
This is what we
didn't have time for.
So the outer layers of
the skin are called what?
Epidermis.
"Epi" means what?
Upon.
So what's all of this below?
Dermis, all the connective
tissue, nerves, blood vessels.
There are no blood
vessels in the epidermis.
This is just a sweat
gland going up.
So the principal
layers of the skin
are the epidermis, the dermis,
and what's the last one?
Hypodermis.
What's common in the hypodermis?
Fat cells.
New slide.
This is what you'll get in
advanced anatomy, the omentum
and all of this.
But what I want is what is
lining the abdominal wall?
Peritoneum, but what
kind of puritanism?
Parietal peritoneum, good.
New slide.
What do we call this
area of the stomach?
Cardia.
So what do we call when chyme
gets into the esophagus?
Heartburn.
Does that seem like a misnomer?
Yes, it is.
New slide.
What tissue are we in?
Stomach.
Good for you.
Somebody knows his histology.
If you're going into
medicine, you've
got to know your
normal histology.
You go into pathology and
you'd flunk if you don't
know your normal pathology.
So there are reasons
for drilling, drilling,
and drilling.
So this is a mucous
membrane of the stomach,
and it's got three
types of cells.
What type of cell
here at the top?
If we got one kind of cell
here, some in the middle,
and some down here, what
kind do we have at the top?
Mucous cells, right.
Why do we need those
mucous cells there?
Sure.
Because what constitutes
the next layer?
Parietal cells,
or oxyntic cells.
Those who work
with John 410 MCB,
he calls them oxyntic cells.
So I want you to know
there are different terms
for these parietal cells.
So what are they secreting?
HCL, good for you.
So what's the pH of the chyme?
One, good for you.
So what's down here at
the base of these glands?
Chief cells.
And what are they secreting?
Pancreatic enzymes.
Are you listening to me?
What should I say?
Pepsinogen, good for you.
See?
We always do that.
I gave Jill some
data the other day.
We purposely when you have a
lot of data make one wrong,
and see if they're listening to
you or they're correcting it.
If they don't catch that,
they didn't check your data
very well, right?
But I know you're listening.
All right.
Next one.
Oh, let's go back, because I
want to stay at the stomach.
I didn't have a slide for
it, and I didn't teach this,
but I think it's important
for you to know it.
So rennin, spelled R-E-N-N-I-N,
is produced in the infant
stomach.
Why does the infant need this
kind of rennin, R-E-N-N-I-N?
Because you'll see
renin down in the kidney
and rennin in the
stomach, and you'll say
they've misspelled it.
But I wanted you to know,
why does the infant need it?
To curdle the milk so
it stays in the stomach
and doesn't just pass through.
So R-E-N-N-I-N comes from the
stomach glands and will curdle
the milk for the infant.
You don't produce it.
New slide.
Now I had to get some
abnormal ones here,
because I couldn't
find a good one.
So what we want to know is
what do we call this tube?
Fallopian tube.
You all know that.
What else do they call it?
Uterine tube.
What else?
Fallopian duct or
just duct, right?
And so the ovum travels down it.
How long does it take the ovum
to travel down the fallopian
tube?
Four to five days.
Is it four to five or
is it three to four?
It's three to four, right.
Three to four days.
Let's go to the next
question, keep the same slide.
All right.
What's the thickest
part of this structure?
What is this structure?
Uterus.
What's the thickest part?
The fundus up here, because
it's got to contract
to expel that fetus.
What's the thinnest part?
If you were building
a uterus, which layer
would you want thin?
Cervix, sure.
See how it has to expand for
that head to come through?
You want that to
be thin down here.
So a pap smear, all females
have had pap smears.
Where are they getting
that tissue from?
From the cervix, right,
because it's the thinnest.
It's the inferior area, so
it's easy to come up and get
a smear from it.
New slide.
What in the world is this?
I'm sorry?
Endometrium.
Hey, good for you.
That's fine, but what stage?
What's the first stage in
building up the endometrium?
Proliferative, right?
And what's the second stage?
Secretory.
So you can see
this is secretory.
So this is after ovulation.
It's expecting a
fertilized ovum to come in,
so it's all secreting.
But now which steroid hormone
is high during this period of--
progesterone, right.
This one I have no slides for.
So sperm are viable
for how long?
Three days.
Wow.
So what day of the cycle
does ovulation usually occur?
14th, 2 important
things to remember.
14th day, viable for 3 days.
[LAUGHTER]
Well, we're educators.
We're not guessers, right?
OK, 45.
New slide.
Can anybody guess where this is?
We're still in the female
reproductive system.
Where do you want stratified
squamous epithelium?
The vagina, yes, you do.
Now which function is not
associated with the vagina?
Serves as a lower part
of the birth canal?
Sure.
Receives seminal
fluid from the male?
Sure provides many secretions?
No.
The vagina has no
secretions of its own.
It gets all its
secretions from--
what's just superior
to the vagina?
The uterus, sure.
We saw all these secretions, but
the vagina benefits from those.
It does not have secretions.
New slide.
Where are we?
Penis.
No problems identifying there.
But doesn't it look like a mask?
[LAUGHTER]
We scientists aren't
always serious.
They're lots of fun when
you're looking at things,
but here we go.
So what is the counter part
to this erectile tissue
in the female?
The clitoris.
But what's the main difference?
No urethra.
See, he's got his urethra
down here in this mass.
She does not have her urethra.
It's separate.
Now, I had to
slide for this one.
So see if you can tell me
from what we've learned.
You have to really think,
because we didn't put it
together.
You're going to put it together.
The easiest approach to the
vas deferens for a vasectomy
is through the--
think of where the testis is.
Think of where the
vas deferens is going.
Where are you going to pick up
that vas deferens most easily?
Scrotum, sure.
You don't want to go up
in that inguinal canal.
You don't want to go
in that body wall.
Stay exterior to the body wall.
Catch it in the scrotum, right?
Because it's got to be
coming from the testis,
from the epididymis, right?
They're all in the scrotum.
So that's where you
have fun working
with things for common sense.
All right.
I just gave you this one
when we were over here.
It takes about two
weeks for the sperm
to pass through the epididymis
to complete functional
maturation.
You remember how long
the epididymis was?
20 feet, Sure.
Thank you for those
who helped me.
They will never forget it.
I'll see them 60 years from
now, and they'll still remember
that, because they volunteered.
All right.
But we know that when
they're finishing and going
through that epididymis
and going along,
they're still immobile.
They receive secretions from
what to become immobile?
Prostate, right.
They're already in the urethra
before they become mobile.
Just another way of refueling.
OK, new slide.
Where are we here?
Looks familiar, doesn't it?
Doesn't look familiar to me.
I don't know whether
I brought it in,
so I'll just give
you the question.
[LAUGHTER]
Which is incorrect on why we
need a blood-testis barrier,
that the seminiferous
tubular fluid is
different from
interstitial fluid?
You see, the seminiferous
tubule is a tubule.
Interstitial is between
the two tubules.
Is that fluid different
inside the seminiferous tubule
than outside it?
Yes, it is.
Does the seminiferous tubular
fluid have high androgens?
Yes.
Does the seminiferous
tubule have high estrogen?
Yes.
See how you'd fail this one?
So we need a
blood-testis barrier
to decide what's going to go
to those sperm from the Sertoli
cells.
No slide on this one.
Which region of the sperm
contains the chromosomes?
Sure.
STUDENT: Head.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Right.
We've just got four minutes.
Let's move along.
Next one.
Next one.
Where are we?
Where are we and why?
Well, what are these?
They go way, way
up and curve up.
Villi, sure.
So where are we?
Large intestine or
small intestine?
STUDENT: Small.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Small, yes.
Who said large?
These are villi.
You only have them in the small.
But how do you know what
part of the small intestine
you are from this slide?
Where are we?
STUDENT: Ileum.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Ileum.
Why?
STUDENT: Peyer's patches.
MARIAN DIAMOND: Where
are Peyer's patches?
[LAUGHTER]
You mean Brunner's
glands, don't you?
There's a big difference.
What are Peyer's patches?
Masses of lymphatic tissue.
What are Brunner's glands?
Glands secreting what?
STUDENT: [INAUDIBLE].
MARIAN DIAMOND: Yeah, why?
Neutralize the acid
in the stomach,
soon as all that
chyme gets in here.
That's what we have here.
So you know immediately that
this is part of your villi,
and these are Brunner's glands.
Where does most absorption
of your food take place?
In the duodenum, yes.
Now what do we call the base
of these villi down here?
Crypts of Lieberkuhn, right?
Next slide.
Now tell me where we are.
Looks like ileum, doesn't it?
But it's really the appendix.
The appendix is just the first
part off of the large intestine
after it leaves the ileum.
So to fight any more
bacteria, you've
got that appendix right there.
But they don't call
them Peyer's patches.
They just call them
lymphatic nodules here.
But you were right.
The ileum will have these too
to destroy microorganisms.
[SCREECHING]
Slide.
Any idea where we are?
We've been there once before,
just a few minutes ago.
Is it small intestine?
No.
Why not?
No villi.
These are packed together.
There are no spaces
in between, no crypts.
So where did we see glands
that come all the way down
through the mucosa?
Stomach, right.
So what is absorbed
in these glands?
Alcohol and aspirin, right?
Everybody knows that.
But that bothers
me when they tell
you to take a glass of
milk with your aspirin.
What are you doing?
Coating your stomach with fat.
Are your aspirin
going to be absorbed?
When do you want that milk?
With alcohol, if you
don't want the effects.
Next one.
Here we are.
What do we call this structure?
Large intestine.
So what function
is not associated
with the large intestine?
Well first, that it
receives unabsorbed food.
Yes, it absorbs water.
Yes.
I mean, this is a main source
where you're getting rid
of all your gastric
juice, all your saliva,
all your nasal mucus.
Your large intestine,
very important.
It lubricates feces, right?
Does it produce most of
the digestive enzymes?
No.
New slide.
Where are we?
Did I hear it?
Skin, right.
Back at skin again.
Why do we put it in?
So what function is not
associated with skin?
It regulates body temperature.
Sure.
Produces hair.
What's this?
Hair follicle.
What's this?
What kind of muscle?
STUDENT: Erector spinae.
MARIAN DIAMOND:
Erector spinae muscle,
but what kind of muscle?
STUDENT: Smooth.
MARIAN DIAMOND:
Smooth, good for you.
And what kind of tissue's this?
Connective tissue.
What's this?
Gland.
Yeah, you're learning.
Now can the skin
completely replace
the function of the kidneys?
Do we excrete through
the skin through what?
Sweat, right?
Sweat has salt. It
has lots of things
that your urine has in it.
It also has urea.
Did you know that
sweat has urea?
All right.
Hey, guess what?
We finished.
We made it.
[APPLAUSE]
We made it.
So good.
Thank you.
[LAUGHTER]
I love you dearly,
and you know that.
All right.
Well I expect you
all to get A's now.
I've done my job.
You've got to do yours.
And then remember it.
That will really be fine.
And if you want to
remember it well,
come teach the little kids.
Please, with your evaluations,
please pass them to--
is Jill back there?
No.
What?
STUDENT: We have put
boxes by the door.
MARIAN DIAMOND:
They've put boxes--
whoops.
I just covered my of my mic.
What part speaks, this part?
There are boxes-- no.
There are boxes by the
door as you walk out.
So please, please put
your evaluations in there.
They count a lot for
building this class
and showing people
what we're up to.
Thank you.
Yes.
