Body fluids, bodily fluids, or biofluids are
liquids within the human body.
In lean healthy adult men, the total body
water is about 60% (60-67%) of the total body
weight; it is usually slightly lower in women.
The exact percentage
of fluid relative to body weight is inversely
proportional to the percentage of body fat.
A lean 70 kg (160 pound) man, for example,
has about 42 (42-47) liters of water in his
body.
The total body of water is divided between
the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment
(also called space, or volume) and the extracellular
fluid (ECF) compartment (space, volume) in
a two-to-one ratio: 28 (28-32) liters are
inside cells and 14 (14-15) liters are outside
cells.
The ECF compartment is divided into the interstitial
fluid volume - the fluid outside both the
cells and the blood vessels - and the intravascular
volume (also called the vascular volume and
blood plasma volume) - the fluid inside the
blood vessels - in a three-to-one ratio: the
interstitial fluid volume is about 12 liters,
the vascular volume is about 4 liters.
The interstitial fluid compartment is divided
into the lymphatic fluid compartment - about
2/3's, or 8 (6-10) liters; the transcellular
fluid compartment is the remaining 1/3, or
about 4 liters.The vascular volume is divided
into the venous volume and the arterial volume;
and the arterial volume has a conceptually
useful but unmeasurable subcompartment called
the effective arterial blood volume.
== Compartments by location ==
Intracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid
Intravascular fluid (blood plasma)
Interstitial fluid
Lymphatic fluid (sometimes included in interstitial
fluid)
Transcellular fluid
== 
Health ==
Body fluid is the term most often used in
medical and health contexts.
Modern medical, public health, and personal
hygiene practices treat body fluids as potentially
unclean.
This is because they can be vectors for infectious
diseases, such as sexually transmitted diseases
or blood-borne diseases.
Universal precautions and safer sex practices
try to avoid exchanges of body fluids.
Body fluids can be analyzed in medical laboratory
in order to find microbes, inflammation, cancers,
etc.
=== Clinical samples ===
Clinical samples are generally defined as
non-infectious human or animal materials including
blood, saliva, excreta, body tissue and tissue
fluids, and also FDA-approved pharmaceuticals
that are blood products.
In medical contexts, it is a specimen taken
for diagnostic examination or evaluation,
and for identification of disease or condition.
=== Sampling ===
Methods of sampling of body fluids include:
Blood sampling for any blood test, in turn
including:
Arterial blood sampling, such as radial artery
puncture
Venous blood sampling, also called venipuncture
Lumbar puncture to sample cerebrospinal fluid
Paracentesis to sample peritoneal fluid
Thoracocentesis to sample pleural fluid
Amniocentesis to sample amniotic fluid
== 
Body fluids in art ==
A relatively new trend in contemporary art
is to use body fluids in art, though there
have been rarer uses of blood (and perhaps
feces) for quite some time, and Marcel Duchamp
used semen decades ago.
Examples include:
Piss Christ (1987), by Andres Serrano, which
is a photograph of a crucifix submerged in
urine;
In Janine Antoni's Conduit (2009) she created
a copper cast gargoyle device that she could
pee through on the top of the Chrysler Building,
Antoni's urine acting as the patina.
Andy Warhol's Oxidations series, begun in
1977, in which he invited friends to urinate
onto a canvas of metallic copper pigments,
so that the uric acid would oxidize into abstract
patterns;
Self (1991, recast 1996) by Marc Quinn, a
frozen cast of the artist's head made entirely
of his own blood;
Piss Flowers, by Helen Chadwick (1991–92),
are twelve white-enameled bronzes cast from
cavities made by urinating in snow (though
this might not be characterized as the use
of bodily fluids in art, just their use in
preparation);
performances by Lennie Lee involving feces,
blood, vomit from 1990
many paintings by Chris Ofili, which make
use of elephant dung (from 1992).
Gilbert and George's The Naked Shit Pictures
(1995)
Hermann Nitsch and Das Orgien Mysterien Theatre
use urine, feces, blood and more in their
ritual performances.
Franko B from 1990 blood letting performances.
The cover of the Metallica's album Load is
an original artwork entitled "Semen and Blood
III", one of three photographic studies by
Andres Serrano created in 1990 by mingling
the artist's own semen and bovine blood between
two sheets of Plexiglas.
== See also ==
Blood-borne diseases
Clinical pathology
Fluid bonding, unprotected sex in long-term
relationships
Humorism
Hygiene
Ritual cleanliness
