(Lynn Braband)
You know those pests which really
need...in order to control them in schools...
they're often problematic within
schools because
of the community connections. And we'll
be, we'll be, looking at particularly
cockroaches and bedbugs where they are
ongoing problems in schools because
they're brought in from the community.
So we've asked three speakers, three
experts in the areas
of pests that have in-- for control--
have strong community connections.
Community collaboration
is needed and
and our first presenter in that regard
is Dr. Dina Fonseca.
She is the Professor in Entomology at
Rutgers University, and also a Director
for the Center
for Vector Biology, and she is a research
associate in addition with the
...Smithsonian's
National Zoological Park. Her research
involves population genetics of
invasive species,
and in the case of disease vectors how
they affect
epidemiological landscapes and risk
estimates.
She was a lead  P.I. on a cooperative
agreement to develop an
area-wide management strategy for the
invasive
Asian tiger mosquito, and associated with
that i'm sure,
she developed a strong Extension program
working with professional mosquito
control programs.
And also a citizen science program
with urban mosquito control.
Additionally, she has been examining the
effects of sea level rise
on salt marsh mosquito populations.
Dina's degrees are from the University
of Columbra
in Portugal, Central Michigan University,
and the University of Pennsylvania.
And Dina, if you want to
share your presentation...share your
screen,
and turn up, turn on your mic.
(Dina Fonseca) Well I'm glad we had a few more minutes,
since I have to figure this out. Okay,
can you see my screen?
Just shake your heads. Thank you. Okay.
Okay so thank you, so as I said I
am, well I didn't say it, but the fact is
I am not very familiar with School IPM.
However , because of what Lynn said, I've
been working with communities
to develop mosquito control and
schools are often right at the center of
these...
of communities. And my understanding
of this is where
I need your feedback. And I'll try to
keep my talk short, so we can--I can--
receive feedback from you.
I'd like to understand how schools
may become,
maybe an important partner in the kind
of programs
that have been developed. I am a
population geneticist. I'm a DNA
jockey, but actually started really
working more and more with
integrated pest management and directly
with mosquito control programs-- which
in New Jersey, I'm at Rutgers University--
there is one for each county.
But I also work in Maryland
and now I'm talking, I know, with many
people from other parts of the Northeast
that don't have
... such a dense
source of mosquito control. And 
especially in Maryland, I
felt that the communities, the
residents, were feeling a little
... they had no real way of controlling
the mosquitoes that were biting them
every time they're going into their
backyard so
let me start with a little introduction.
By the way, this, the work I'm going to be
describing, has been published. It's
called Neighbors Help Neighbors control
urban mosquitoes.
 And, of note, um about two-thirds of
the
of the authors on this paper are
actually residents of this community
that
... that actually made this all happen.
All right, so as I mentioned, I want to
start from the beginning because
again... because I'm talking to a group of
people that may not be
normally doing mosquito control,  I'm
going to start by sort of mentioning
that of 3500 species of mosquitoes of,
you know take
take it or leave it, about 240, 240
species in the U.S.,
and across the Northeast, any one state
will have anything between 55 and 60
species.
We are finding an increase in the number
of species because we're  seeing
more and more
Southern species reaching us here in the
in the Northeast. So,
...there's sort of a
slow uh but steady increase
in the, in the, number of species. And
even
states like Connecticut and New York are
starting to see species that we
normally would only see associated with
more Southern states.
However, out of these 50 to 60 species,
there's only really a one handful--
in many cases one or two species--that
people 
interact with that are willing to bite
people and become
both an important source of nuisance, or
in some cases,
a problem in terms of disease
transmission. Now,
mosquitoes that we tend to sort of
recognize, mostly the adults...those that
the females that bites,
but mosquitoes have a complex life cycle
where they lay eggs on water surfaces.
They always have to be associated with
some sort of
water. Standing water. They lay eggs that
can sort of look like
egg rafts, sort of your traditional view.
The more common
house mosquito. And then... the
eggs develop into larvae. You have four
larval stages. They're
all aquatic, but although they are in the
water,
mosquitoes cannot breathe underwater, so
they have this little siphon they have
to come to the surface to get oxygen
like like a snorkel. And the larvae have
the snorkel and then the next stage,
which is the pupa--the equivalent to a,
you know, a butterfly cocoon--where they
have the complete metamorphosis from the
larval stage
to the adult stage--also has this little
shrek-like
little ... trumpets that they use for for
breathing air.
So, although you need water, these are
terrestrial organisms.
The pupa then, as I mentioned, you have
complete metamorphosis and becomes an
adult.
The adult females are the ones that need
a blood meal because they need the
lipids and the protein to be able to
make the eggs.
The males don't bite and so
it's really just half of the population
that becomes a problem.
They can become a big problem,so the
house mosquito is a mosquito that
is willing  to go indoors and bite
you
in your house. This is not something
that
is often the case for many
mosquitoes, even very big pest
mosquitoes like the salt marsh
mosquitoes. Aedes sollicitans
will not get indoors. It's just not
their thing.
So you have these domestic species, this
culex pipians,  an invasive species
from Europe. But more recently we've had
an additional
problem. So, by the way, this is a cool
experience. Sort of your
nondescript brown mosquito. It's a dusk
biter,
tends to be the one that sort of ruins
your barbecue in the evening.
But more recently we had an addition,
and I know
some of the Northeast states--thankfully
but maybe not for very long still don't
have
 this other ... mosquitoes the invasive
Aedes.
These mosquitoes will lay eggs
individually
as you can sort of see, and they'll lay
the eggs on the sides of containers. So,
instead of
the egg raft that is laid on the
surface of water, these mosquitoes will
lay eggs actually on the surface of
whatever container they
find that has water in them, and they'll
do it actually above the water line
so that when it rains, the 
eggs become submerged and the low oxygen
level at submersion...
when they become submerged is actually
the stimulus for hatching.
So they usually hatch after a rain event
that
increases the water in any kind of
little container.
Again, same thing. They have the larvals.
Four larval instars, and 
pupae,  and then you have an adult. And,
these
invasive Aedes in particular are.. There's
just a picture here of the...
the eggs... so the eggs are laid
individually on the surface of a
container. This is actually a little bit
of germination paper that we use as a
way to
detect the eggs in ovi cups. So,
 your classical picture of Asian
tiger mosquito.  Aedes albopictus
is these black and white striped
organisms with a very clear... white
stripe on the, the thorax.
They're very easy to recognize, and
this is one of my classics... "when you think
you're too small to be effective,
remember your last encounter with a
mosquito." So,
you know you can have... you know, strong
messages associated with mosquitoes.  You can use this in a sort of a
teaching mode.
The Asian tiger mosquito is really
the
the only day biting mosquito we have in
urban
and suburban and pretty much anywhere
where there are people.
And there are containers...you're going to
have the species
as long as it's warm enough, so they've
been spreading North
and I know that they are now found in
significant parts of
New York State and Connecticut so
they're ...spreading in New
Jersey. We've had them now
since 1996, but they really became a
significant problem in the beginning
2000s. 200, 2002,
and we had the big Asian tiger mosquito
project in 2008
where we tried to develop strategies for
area-wide control
of these mosquitoes because it does take
a village to control the mosquito.  You
cannot control
these mosquitoes in in your backyard,
because you're gonna get mosquitoes from
your neighbors.
The fact is sort of a classical 'what
happens in vegas does not stay in vegas'.
And it doesn't matter if you have a
beautiful
high-end suburban environment or if you
have
a dilapidated sort of very low income
urban environment, these mosquitoes are
going to be present when there's people
and there are containers. So the fact is
that
invasive Aedes develop primarily and
almost exclusively in private properties.
So they're, they're, coming out of small
containers,
and although we tend to think of them as
associated with trash,
they are not necessarily. As part of
the...
um... so I just need to move,
I can't really see part of my screen.
Here we go. 
They also actually associate  with
things like recycling containers, so
when you're saying get rid of trash um
it's great.
Get rid of trash but most of us don't
really have trash in our,  in our
backyards or front yards. What we actually
have is  just containers.
You have that yogurt cup that just
rolled under the bush and you don't
really know that's there.
But those are the kinds of containers
that are, when they fill up with water,
are going to be a source of this kind of
mosquito. But actually
even more um sort of...
we had an Asian tiger mosquito
project for two years before we realized
that these
uh ways of removing the water from the,
from the, gutters
were actually a tremendous source of
this mosquito. Every single one
of these little accordion... little folders
are actually ways in which
 there are places where this mosquito--
and almost exclusively this mosquito
species--can develop.
The paper we published is actually... the
title is Crouching Tiger, Hidden Trouble.
It took us, as i mentioned a while, to
figure out
that this was actually one of the
primary sources of this mosquito species
in just beautifully well landscaped
and clean
suburban environments where people
were not able to go outside
because they were getting bit
relentlessly by the Asian tiger mosquito.
We also... it's a fact that risk of
insecticide resistance development
increases
when control is disorganized or
inefficient
and we know insecticide resistance is a
genetic basis and it is heritable.
At some point, you actually have fixation
of the,
of the, genes that are sort of single
point mutation that
 result in insecticide resistance.
And you just cannot revert that, so
it's really important to try and
limit as much as possible the
development of insecticide resistance.
Because we truly have
very few... right now only two modes of
action.
In some parts of Europe, a single mode of
action. Pyrethroids that are used for
controlling public health pests like
mosquitoes.
Also, it is a fact that mosquitoes move
across yards,
across states, and across the world. Those
little single eggs in some cases are
desiccation resistant or at least they
can basically survive for a while
without any water, so they can be
transported across the world.
Um that's how they got here. They...
I should mention that the Asian tiger
mosquito was first detected as an
established population in 1985 in Texas,
 in Harris county where Houston is, and
then just spread.... East, South, and then
North.
And as I've mentioned, it's been
spreading north ever since.
And...as it spreads, it becomes ...once
established becomes more and more and
more
common. And also, it is a fact that
organizing mosquito control
even in places that have very strong
programs cannot afford to enter every
private yard to control mosquitoes. And
in many cases, for these types of
mosquitoes, it basically requires
that classical tip and toss. But in
many of these cases you really can't
just tip and toss because the eggs are
not on the water surface. They're
actually on the surface of the container,
so if you tip, um, and then if it fills up
with water again, the eggs are going to
hatch so you really need to remove
the the containers, scrub the containers
or prevent the eggs from being laid to
start with.
So I was approached, in 2016, by
a community in suburban Maryland-- the
town of University
Park. So some of the community members
approached me. They had heard that I'd
been working on the Asian tiger mosquito,
and they were definitely having a
problem with that,
with that, species. So they reached out
and asked me if I could help them.
This is a community ...pretty old community...
lots of vegetation just
perfect habitat for the Asian tiger
mosquito.
High end in terms of mid...
middle class environment, but clean
yards
and actually they had had a very
intensive program called 'take back our
yards'
from, since 2012 where they were doing
just
all the right things that we tell people
to do to: Remove
habitat for the Asian tiger mosquito.
They were going door-to-door. They had an
intern,
paid by the University Park program,
to explain to people what containers
are... what mosquitoes are... how to get rid
of containers...tip and toss
you know? The full, the full,  program and
they still had a very significant
mosquito problem. As I said, primarily
the Asian tiger mosquito. I know that because I
got bit a lot when I came to  visit.
So I went home after visiting and
meeting with the community members
at a local church,  and, and started
reading about what could be done to
control
Asian tiger mosquitoes above and
beyond what they were doing already.
And at the time, it had been shown that
 a paper
by Roberto Carrera in Puerto Rico, a
member of the CDC--a researcher at CDC--that
approximately
80 reduction in Aedes aegypti, the yellow
fever mosquito that transmits zika
and yellow fever and chikungunya...
At the time, chikungunya was just
about to start going through Puerto Rico.
They had shown that they could use traps
so massive--
sort of a area-wide deployment of
traps--and they had successfully reduced
Aedes aegypti populations down by 80 percent.
So
extremely, significantly, and actually
later were able to show very
significant reduction in cases of
chikungunya in Puerto Rico.
 And so that was actually the first
time that mosquito control
really had a... based on, I mean I'll talk a
little bit more
about sort of the biology. Controlling
the females that lay the eggs
has been shown to have an impact on
disease transmission.
And this is, I know, maybe surprising, but
the fact is, that
sort of demonstration of
epidemiological
effects of mosquito control is actually
a pretty rare
 success story. So the Aedes,
the Aedes gravid
ovi-trap is what the CDC
uses. Basically the five gallon bucket
with water,
and then this opening in here has
sticky paper. And mosquitoes land on
sticky paper,
get stuck, and they die. So these
AGO traps were deployed and maintained
by professionals. And they did that in
over 80 percent of the yards in each of
these communities-- several different
communities
in Puerto Rico. There's multiple papers
between 2014 and even 2020
on this approach. Very successful, and
and I thought okay well,  let's go
talk to the neighbors. So I went back,
gave them a presentation explaining sort
of all the details. In fact, at the time,
we actually wrote
a review of the overall approaches for
these sort of
wide scale trap-based controls
for mosquitoes--for arboviral control
which we published. And
so I spoke to the neighbors, explained
all the details, and there was a lot of
interest. A lot of questions. 
Very interesting sort of overview of
what they thought, you know?
It was great. It was actually a great
teaching experience for myself
and I hoped, and i feel it did, also for
the residents.
And I proposed to them at the time the
AGO was not for sale,
but there was this GAT - the Gravid Aedes
Trap--
that was available for sale. And the GATS
are basically kind of a variation,
slightly smaller if you notice,
but it's kind of the same principle. You
basically have a bucket
that you...where you put water and you can
even put a little bit of fish food
or a little bit of hay or something to
create just an infusion. You do not want
to create a stinky
kind of environment. And then, on top of
that, there's this
dome that has a mosquito netting
underneath the dome.
And then the opening is here on the top.
So the mosquito
female is looking for a place to lay
eggs, senses...
smells the the water in the bucket... goes
in through the only opening available,
cannot reach the water because there's a
mosquito netting in between.
And then, when it tries to exit, you
notice this dome is transparent?
And so these are day biting mosquitoes.
They're very connected or sort of
likely to go forward towards the light
and,
um, when they reach this transparent
dome
either they are -- the dome is-- sprayed
with canola oil..which is what we used
initially. But now these straps
are sold with a sticky paper that
basically hangs
on, on this area here, and the
mosquitoes that either get
covered in oil and and die or they um
sort of
attach to the sticky paper. The
mosquito cannot escape
and die, so um the traps are relatively
cheap. They're about $15 to 18
each with, uh, plus shipping and
handling.
They're easy to deploy. They're easy to
maintain and there are no dangerous
insecticides. So
to be fair, technically, originally,
the traps were sold with that
intention,
but to professional mosquito control
programs... to the intention to use
insecticides on the dome.
But we basically had proposed that they
used canola oil. There was a
unrelated paper showing that canola oil
can work
as a sort of a deterrent of mosquitoes.
It's kind of a
physical restraint. The mosquitoes
basically can't fly,
and again, now with the sticky paper, it's
completely a physical restraint.
I did a first analysis to check if these
traps did
attract, and collect the
mosquitoes I wanted to attract-- which are
Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito,
and I was very happy to
be able to report to the neighbors that
indeed the primary mosquitoes caught
by the traps
were the Asian tiger mosquito. There was
a little bit of
other local mosquitoes. This is the
tree hole mosquito. As I mentioned, this is
a very
forested area so the Aedes triseriatus is
also present
and early in the season, and late in the
season we also got another invasive Aedes
japonicus.
Others, the other mosquitoes, such as Culex,
which
are the ones that lay the egg rafts are
really not that much not attracted to
these traps because
the amount of water is too small in
these traps. So Culex are much, much more
likely to go towards,
you know, abandoned swimming pools and
catch basins and
bigger kinds of containers which are
actually relatively efficiently
controlled
in general by most professional mosquito
controls because they have access to
them. It's just small little containers
that are much harder to, to address, so
this was actually done in 2016 and then
in 2017. The community I started working
with them in 16
and 17,  they really decided they wanted to
do this for real.
But how do you engage a community right?
So this is a small group of citizens--
about
10 or so--that had contacted me. We now
needed to take
an entire community. It was about a
thousand homes, about 3 000 people that
live in this community,
and trying to get about 80 percent of
them to, to do
the purchase and deployment of these
traps so that we can actually do a mass
trapping. S what we ended up doing is we
spoke to the manufacturer,
and I was able to purchase about a
thousand GATs. They come in
in groups of 24.
We developed the website and then obtained
address and contact information from the
residents buying the trap. So the
residents bought all the traps,
... and, but, but by buying the traps, they
provided us with the information of
who they were, when, where they lived, so
we had an idea
of who had the traps. We also provided
step-by-step brochures available on our
website and also in
printed versions and then we did a lot--
several--
GAP distribution and demonstration 
events
too. The community came over to
purchase the traps and see them here?
Sort of holding the the brand new trap
with the instructions? Right there ,that
explains what the mosquitoes are,
what the entire thing is about. And then
how to exactly...how to deploy.
Uh, we then had demonstration. This is
actually-- at the time-- my 14 year old
giving a demonstration. Both my sons were
involved in this.
This was really kind of, uh, no funds. All
the funds for this were provided by the
citizens,
so they purchased the traps and we were
able to do, um,
the demonstration. We also did a lot
of town hall events. A Sustainable
Maryland webinar,
a dog strut GAT demo, a Fourth of July
parade. All the residents did this. I was
just basically there to provide
scientific information. So they took the
bottom of the traps and made them into
these
big bells with a little bell on the
inside
to let freedom ring. And a mosquito with
a, with a dash. So it's just
a lot of fun, lots of ideas from the
community on how to engage their 
neighbors. Then this is actually a
picture of the University Park. As I 
mentioned, there's about a thousand homes.
The trap purchase started in early May. The traps arrived in early June.
First distribution was in mid-June.
We're just at the beginning of the
mosquito season.
We had three large distribution events
and then we had distribution through the
street captains.
What you'll see here is the entire
community. In each one of these little
rectangles is a lot with a home
in them. The green locations are the,
the homes that already had bought the
traps from the previous year.
And then there's a little video showing
you as,
over time, the... the number of the
communities that bought traps. The
community, actually the neighbors, bought
traps for the school, so the school--which
is this big rectangle here in the
in the middle--also had traps.
The idea is for each  home to have
two GAT
traps so that we had a good coverage.
Now this is what we got
by the end of it, so not really 80%.
So what we actually got, was out of the
original...
the 1556 potential households,
about 45% of them purchased and deployed
these two GATS.
So we had about a thousand GATS deployed
in the University Park in 2017.
So we didn't get 80 percent across the
entire community,
but what we realized, and also if you
study the biology of these mosquitoes,
these are not strong
flying mosquitoes. What we actually
realized is that we had high blocks
and low blocks. We had blocks where a lot
of the
residents had bought traps and then we
had blocks where very few residents had
bought traps.
So I decided to take the, you know, the
eggs and no..
Was more "I got lemons and I made
lemonade". So what we realized is that we
can actually
make this into a plus.
So now, how do you check if this worked
or not?
Well...to check if the deployment of traps
that really are just killing
females that are trying to lay eggs. So
technically, those females already bit
somebody or
something. These will also bite, also bite
dogs and cats and... other mammals.
They're mammalian biters.
Well then you have to use a different
kind of trap to know
if it worked or not. To do that, we use
BG sentinel traps. This is sort of the
standard for collecting host seeking, so...blood
seeking females.
So these traps are actually... they
function with a lure.
Um, the lure is this thing right...right
here, so this is actually a stinky feet
and trust me it smells like stinky feet.
I had this thing in my car a lot.
 The, the lures I put here on the side,
It's actually... there's a little slot now
that you just insert the lure.
Uh and then there's air circulation
which is driven by a 12 volt
battery. That creates circulation so
that
air goes out and attracts mosquitoes. The
mosquitoes go in. The only way in is
through this,
this hole up here on the top.
There's a fan
underneath, and then there's a net that
captures the mosquito so
if you deploy this, and you can
basically... we deployed it
all over the ... University Park. And
I'll show you that in a minute.
You can get an idea of the sort of
biting
pressure in particular locations. So what
we did was we created a
system where we put these traps in high
areas
and low areas of views of the GATS
and were able to then survey
eight weeks from the beginning of August
like around now,
until the end of September. This is peak
season right now where
this time is, is the beginning. Actually
the peak
numbers of Asian tiger mosquitoes.
There the population is just
increased over, over the season, and
a little bit later in the, in the, year is
actually starting to disappear as the
females lay eggs that don't hatch
anymore.
So if you look at this, we had about 19
different locations across the town.
We had locations
that had high coverage and low coverage
but what we really realized...so this is
the mean number of
the Asian tiger mosquito caught on the
BGS traps
based on trap coverage of the GAT
traps.
Traps. The little traps that are just
...collecting
hosts... uh sorry... mosquitoes that are
looking for a place to lay eggs.
So there's a significant decrease
in the ...numbers of mosquitoes
found in high blocks versus low blocks.
But what we realized is that the big
difference was really not about high and
low.. it was
above 80 %--that magical number. You
have more than 80 %
trap coverage in a block, you have a
significant
lower number of mosquitoes.
The females looking for a blood meal. So
that's what...it's about a
76 % reduction. So in the ballpark
of that 80 % reduction than Roberto
Barrera had found for the yellow fever
mosquito.
But if you notice, this was done by
homeowners not by
a professional group of CDC
researchers. And also not only did we
find a significant reduction in
the insects in areas that had more than
80 percent coverage,
we saw that it was true across the
entire season. So
from the beginning in 11th of August
until ...
the end of September, we really had much
less um
pressure, for ... biting pressure in the
areas that had high coverage
of GATS. All right so what also like in
terms of
this coverage was, was, really random
so that
these very high areas which are about
they were about
six are really all over the the town so
it's not that there was a particular
corner of the town that just had less
... Asian tiger mosquitoes biting. So in
the end,
by doing this analysis within the
town, we're able to control for pest
source reduction,
education experience which would have
been impossible to replicate elsewhere. I
thought originally that I would compare
this with local
sort of surrounding communities, but
surrounding communities really had very
different experiences in terms of
of this very intensive cleanup that the
the town of University Park had. So if
you looked around the community you
don't see
a lot of habitat for mosquitoes. So
this is really addressing these cryptic
habitats that Asian tiger mosquito can
find
and we're really bad at being able to to
reduce.
So really what I found with in this
experience, is that
if you deploy these GAT traps, you do see
a lot of dead mosquitoes. These are about
150 or so
mosquitoes over a week that are dead
mosquitoes...
which are pregnant females, so the eggs
and the mosquitoes...
are killed. And each female lays between
something like
50 and 100 eggs, so you're really
reducing the population quite a bit. But, .
...and which you know, get mosquito
control. But there was another part to it.
We also found that there was a lot of
hands-on mosquito biology that got
passed on by this experience. This is a
local resident talking to
his sons and some of the residents...some
of the neighbors
... kids in the area that really helped
out in terms of setting up the traps,
maintaining the traps throughout the
season. So there's a lot of hands-on
mosquito biology
which meant that kids and
and adults understood better what a
mosquito was.. what kind of ...what is a
container?
So more containers were removed and that
leads to additional mosquito control. So
you have this sort of spiral of
knowledge.
Terminology actually came up by one of
the neighbors
that ends up having control through the
traps and controlled by
education... that I'm hoping can be part.
That's why I'm talking to you now
from the school IPM? Can this approach be
school IPM?
So in the end, the...
in the Northeast, schools kind of end
before mosquito season,
but they restart at or near its peak.
The eggs of Aedes mosquitoes survive
the winter as...
as eggs and then you have throughout
the season...
so early in late April or so again
depending on latitude,
you start getting hatching, you start
development, and you often have two to
three cohorts.
So you have the adults coming out, laying
eggs--that's what this female is doing--
and then you have another cohort and
another cohort,
and the average catch on a BGS trap ends
up
going up and up and up. And this is where
school usually starts some, around, around
here. So you have compound growth
over the summer. So what can be done at
school?
And really you tell me. But
some of ideas I've thought about...
community control can be integrated in
theoretical or hands-on civic
responsibility classes.
We're all in this together. You have
biology with habitat removal.
Examples of mosquito development. We
often do very easy, you know... mosquito
give eggs and and go all the way to
seeing the adult emerging.
You have you can look at economics-- the
give and take of
early control and also that compound
growth.
And also the school can be community
catalyst and source of information.
Other ways?  Please. I  would love to have
feedback
on how this could be done. Lessons
learned in general, was that mosquitoes
are a great gateway topic. Everybody
agrees that you don't want to be bit by
a mosquito.
Community organization for mosquito
control can actually create connections
that can be long lasting. For example
University Park...
they used some of the connections that
were done through the mosquito control
program to develop Aging in Place
programs. Completely unrelated but now
people know each other.
Also found that dead mosquitoes on a
trap are very positive reinforcement for
continued engagement.
So that transparent dome or even the
sticky paper are great ways
to have the community remaining engaged.
So is paying for
the trap even though the trap is like 15
bucks, which may be too much
in some communities, but maybe something
that is a lot of communities can do
easily
and that investment makes people much
more likely to actually continue engaged.
And also, it was clear that residents as
students like to be heard
and see their contributions used. Finally,
everyone needs science. Science needs
everyone. 
This is a picture of a mosquito. If you
don't believe me, this is actually a
mosquito
malaya species that tickles ants,
chromatogaster ants, to steal the nectar
from them.
So not all mosquitoes are in there to
get blood. Here's a mosquito that is the
cutest and cuddliest of things although
is a thief.
If I was an ant, I wouldn't like this, this
mosquito very much, but
mosquitoes are fascinating creatures.
Great biology,
great teaching moments, and I  hope we can
integrate
the concept of controlling mosquitoes
into
school ipm.  Thank you
(Lynnn B) Thank you, Dina. We have one quick
question from Jody Gangloff Kaufmann.
There's an Aedes Gravid Trap called In2Care, which uses a beauvaria-treated screen
and IGR pyriproxyfen-
treated water. What do you think of these
traps?
(Dina) Actually I'm not really familiar with
these traps. The...
my understanding is that I haven't
seen sort of a demonstration of them
working
in a .... setting. I know they were
being used in Florida.
...So, I mean... the concept is perfectly
reasonable.
The idea is to-- and again there I've
seen a lot of variations on those kinds
of traps--
my understanding with, with that one is
that that's actually one of those traps
where
the mosquito picks up the growth
regulator
when it goes and to try to get to the
water. And then the female, as it goes
into other containers to
actually lay eggs. is depositing this
growth regulator
in the water as it's laying the eggs. And
so the idea is that when the eggs hatch,
 the insecticide Propoxyphene, which is...
it works in very low concentration, would
then be
doing the the control and the idea is
that,
as we described, that since females
cannot.. since
females are much better at finding the
containers than we are,
that, um, that's a way of being able to
address
the... these cryptic containers.
I think the concept is a really
interesting concept. I've seen a lot of
variation
on that. I have not yet seen a clear
demonstration
of control. (Lynn B) Okay, thank you!
