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People have been been puzzling over plato's descriptions
of the island nation - an empire of
Atlantis questions continue to fascinate
researchers and explorers to this day
was Atlantis a real place or merely a
literary device warning against pride
and hubris how could a civilization were
the strength to maintain a maritime
empire and to threaten Greece's security
have simply disappeared why is there no
mention of Atlantis in any ancient texts
other than Plato's where was this island
capital located and what could possibly
obliterate this famed nation as Plato
asserted within a night and a day these
questions have taken geological
researchers all around the world from
Morocco to Indonesia from Bolivia to the
North Sea from the Mediterranean to the
Sahara all in search of Atlantis still
the majority of commentators regard
Plato's description as nothing more than
literary fiction a salutary tale against
national pride and military hubris Plato
certainly uses fiction in his writings
nobody takes his dialogues as a verbatim
recollection of an actual conversation
but Plato was real and his subject
Socrates was real
Plato's skill and passion in getting
across saket
is teaching is real and in his dialogues
Plato certainly appeals to events in
real-world history now when we come to
his long description of Atlantis in
Timaeus and Critias to me it just
doesn't bear the marks of pure fiction
Plato's references to higher beings or
gods and to beings who hybrids of gods
and humans are taken by some to be
evidence that his Atlantean narratives
are pure fiction
yet we find similar references in the
texts of other ancient cultures who
pepper their ancient histories with
mention of similar entities many people
think of plato's description of Atlantis
as if he's describing some kind of a
utopia but that's really not the case
Atlantis has an army it goes to war it
was he said an enemy of prehistoric
Athens but that Athens defeated it so
it's not a utopia and Plato's
descriptions of it are so full of
details that have nothing to do with
advancing a story of national hubris or
pride comes before a fall which is often
how people interpret Atlantis when they
want to say it is a fiction now Plato
said that this information had been
obtained from ancient Egyptian priests
who had relayed the information to an
ancient Greek legislature called Solon
and once again that is a real person in
real history for me those are all
details that point to Atlantis being a
real culture in real world history
what really sparked the modern quest for
Plato's Atlantis was the discovery in
1868 of the ancient and mythical city of
Troy for centuries the academic
consensus was the Troy was the literary
creation of Homer a Greek author who
predated Plato by at least 500 years in
his work the Iliad Homer details the
Trojan War and the ten-year siege on the
city of Troy most scholars read these
works as pure fiction yet a few
commentators quietly wondered if the
fiction might be threaded through with
real history of real places and real
world events
Plato's references to higher beings or
gods and to beings who are hybrids of
gods and humans are taken my son to be
evidence that his Atlantean narratives
are pure fiction yet similar references
can be found in the texts of other
historic cultures who pepper their
ancient histories with mention of
similar entities the wide consensus that
Troy was no more than fiction was dealt
a fatal blow when in 1868 a 46 year old
German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann
discovered the mythical city of Troy the
way Heinrich Schliemann said about
locating Troy was simply to make a
checklist from all the Geographic
markers that Homer had placed in his
narratives and used them as a guide to
get him to the location that's the
discovery that's given energy to today's
explorers to do the same with Atlantis
in Plato's writing identify all the
geographic and geological markers in
Plato's texts and then follow the clues
and we'll meet an Atlantis one of the
most distinctive geological markers of
Atlantis was the structure of the
port city looking across Atlantis from a
height one would see a central island
surrounded by concentric circles of land
separated by seawater the circles of
land were connected by a bridge and the
outer moat allowed a passage south to
the Atlantic geologists have identified
this as the natural shape of an island
formed by an undersea volcanic eruption
solidified and then modified by erosion
the remains of one such structure can be
found in the Aegean Sea at the Greek
island of Santorini
home to the ancient Minoan culture in
1913 and 1917 Katie Frost and es bulk
proposed that the story of Atlantis and
its catastrophic demise might relate to
the ancient history of the Minoan
civilization on Santorini archaeological
searches in the region have demonstrated
that the ancient Minoan culture was
advanced in civil engineering with
plumbing airflow management multi-story
buildings an earthquake resistant design
Santorini may well have been home to a
maritime Empire with the force to fit
itself against ancient mainland Greece
which according to Plato was exactly
what Atlantis did historically
Santorini was indeed wiped out by a
single major Cataclysm a volcanic
eruption in the second millennium BCE
could santorini have been the
inspiration behind Plato's Atlantis
Santorini was a developed maritime power
the remaining built structures of the
city of Akrotiri on Santorini reveal a
degree of sophistication that may well
have rival the Civic environment of pre
ancient
Athens however it is difficult to
correlate the geological clues that
Plato claimed for Atlantis the
concentric circles of the Atlantean
capital cannot be identified Crete
rather than Santorini was the local
center of power
Santorini did not sink under the waves
of the Atlantic it was buried in the
Aegean Sea by a volcanic eruption
furthermore Santorini's timeline does
not match the dates that Plato claimed
for Atlantis neither is it opposite the
location almost universally accepted for
The Pillars of Hercules one of the key
Geographic markers that Plato gave was
that he placed Atlantis which would the
capital city and associated islands he
said was a landmass a little larger than
modern day Libya and he placed it beyond
and opposite The Pillars of Hercules
across from The Pillars of Hercules he
said or Heracles as the ancient Greeks
would say now those pillars were
understood by the ancient Greeks to
refer to the two towering promontories
that flanked the entrance to the Strait
of Gibraltar and Greek legend tells the
story of Heracles marking the edge the
western edge of the known world and
beyond that was the unknown world and
that would place Atlantis not in
Santorini
but somewhere to the west in the North
Atlantic to the west of Spain and
northwest Africa but how far west
evidences of ancient cities lost in the
terrain and under the coastal waters of
South America have led some to locate
Atlantis in modern-day Amazonia Bolivia
or off the coast of Cuba
but for an ancient maritime people to
advance a naval attack on Athens from
Cuba or Bolivia would not appear in the
least feasible Cuba is one of a number
of locations on planet earth whose
coastal waters have submerged the cities
of a previous culture the island of
Malta famously has these deep tracks
embedded in stone that lead something
onto land that is now thousands of feet
underwater off the coast of Yonaguni
Jima in Japan and in the Gulf of Cambay
off the coast of India under 25 to 36
meters of water scientists have
discovered the remains of streetscapes
and cityscapes that would have been
above sea level
no more recently than 10,000 years ago
so there's no shortage of evidence for a
civilization long predating our own so
while these places are fascinating and
certainly important because it tells us
there's a huge gap in our knowledge of
our ancestry in our ancient past they're
not Plato's Atlantis they're just in the
wrong place
Plato's Geographic clues have led some
explorers to the coastal regions of
Spain and northwest Africa but what did
the Northwest African coastline
look like 11 and a half millennia ago at
the time of Atlantis
what tectonic shifts might have altered
the lie of the land and the perimeter of
the oceans plato's description of an
earthquake and a tsunami certainly
hinted a cataclysm of global proportions
viewed from space the western coast of
Mauritania bears the unmistakable scars
of an immense deluge a wash of sand and
silt has immersed a huge section of land
spanning from the North Atlantic to the
interior of what is now the Sahara
Desert land that is now well above sea
level was once underwater accordingly
the desert floor is scattered with the
remains of marine animals their
skeletons and shells a testament to the
lands oceanic past here in 2008 nataly's
Rosen and George S Alexander began to
investigate and anomaly in the
Mauritania landscape a structure within
the eye of Africa the rehab structure
concentric rims of land alternating with
deep troughs correspond with the unusual
shape of Atlantis with the land lower or
the sea level higher the correlations
with Atlantis become clearer other clues
in Plato's text find correlations here
the white red and black stone Springs of
salt water and one of fresh water the
preponderance of elephant remains
mountains rivers and a plateau to the
north
a land lock of prehistoric mud is silt
and sand between the structure and the
waters of the Atlantic Rosen and
Alexander show that the scale of the
rehab structure corresponds with the
measurements Plato gave for the
Atlantean capital they show that the
outer ring has a diameter of 23.5 km/h
of Plato's texts critics suggest that
this measurement doesn't take a count of
the full extent of the rehab structure
which appears to be significantly larger
35 to 50 kilometers yet the structure is
rimmed by mountains on the north side
landlocked by morass of sand and silt
just as Plato had described its abutted
by plateau and extends to what may have
been a passageway to the sea
all-powerful correlations but is
Mauritania the right location
Plato's phrase beyond the pillars of
Herakles suggests a location beyond the
known world even an underwater
Mauritania would have been immediately
adjacent to the northwest African
mainland furthermore the orientation of
the recut structure is not to the north
and south as Plato said but to the
southwest and the abutting plain doesn't
match the details given by Plato
the area of ancient mud silt and sand
pose no imaginable obstacle to the
navigability of the region at the time
of Plato contrary to his claims about
the aftermath of Atlantis and if the
recut structure is the remnant of
Atlantis where are the remains of the
street systems and megalithic structures
where is the evidence that an advanced
civilization ever called this place home
under the coastal waters of Cuba Malta
the Gulf of Cambay the remains of the
cities are still there streets steps
buildings temples all present and
visible even after 10,000 years under
the sea wouldn't something similar
remain even if flattened and scattered
around the recatch structure when we
look at the timing of the demise of this
previous civilization of which Plato's
Atlantis if it existed was a part it
corresponds with the timing of the most
recent extinction level event on planet
earth that we know of pioneering
scientists like Richard Firestone of the
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
and Albert Goodyear of the University of
Southern Carolina
James Kennedy at the University of
California really stuck their neck out
with this thesis but it's now part of a
growing scientific consensus that our
planet was indeed impacted by the
exploding fragments of a massive
asteroid which twelve thousand eight
hundred years ago obliterated the Clovis
civilization on North America it
extincted 70% of that continents
megafauna it would have triggered sky
fires and tsunamis around the world
blanketing the planet in a pall of dust
and
and suit what's known as the Clovis
comet plunged the northern half of
planet Earth back into an ice age even
more severe than the one we'd just been
emerging from and at that time the
future of humanity itself would have
hung in the balance so it isn't hard to
conceive of an island nation
experiencing seismic disturbances and
then disappearing under the waves just
as Plato said of Atlantis the impact of
the Clovis comet is fragments and the
planetary changes that followed give an
explanation of why coastal city is
adjacent to Cuba malta Japan India are
now under up to 36 metres of seawater we
call this moment the Younger Dryas cold
period a period whose effects continued
until eleven thousand six hundred years
ago a massive meteorite crater beneath
the ice fields of Greenland's hiawatha
glacier measures 31 kilometers in
diameter and may correspond with the
timing of the Younger Dryas extinctions
of megafauna included woolly rhinos and
mammoths mastodons and saber-toothed
Tigers in North America and Europe the
giant sloths in South America had
enormous versions of buffalo zebra and
wildebeest on the African subcontinent
might the recant structure correspond
with Plato's Atlantis or does its
orientation and position miss align with
plato's description
might is burial in salt and ocean sand
have all been part of a wider catechism
triggered by the Clovis comet with the
absence of megalithic structures and
other questions unanswered
one has to ask is it even in the right
location plato's phrase placing Atlantis
beyond the pillars of Herakles would
more probably locate Atlantis somewhere
in the mid North Atlantic well what has
been found there that might give
evidence that Atlantis was a real place
and why does it matter if we now have
evidence of ancient cities under sea
water all around the world and it's
incontrovertible that there was a
previous civilization previous cultures
that we really don't know very much
about if we've got all that to explore
then why is Plato's forgotten city still
important why does it matter to people
and if it's only historical reference is
to be found in Plato's writings how
important can it be what exactly is a
stake
Richard Freund professor of archaeology
at the University of Hartford has been
investigating archaeological sites in
southern Spain that point to a culture
with a memory of Atlantis using
technology that reads soil conductivity
professor Froines archaeological team
has located a site in don yana in
western spain a region of mud flats the
aftermath of a prehistoric inundation
underneath the mud flats the team's
technology revealed patterns strongly
suggesting a circular buried structure
the signatures of ancient walls deep
beneath the soil a curious methane layer
in the subsoil hints at a huge depositor
animal and plant life buried and sealed
in a single catastrophic event yet
probing further under the mudflats poses
an extreme technical challenge while we
await further investigation of don yana
spanish archaeologists have been
bringing to light a unique structure 200
kilometers from the coast at a place
called cancer rowana
the structure appears to serve as some
kind of shrine or memorial to
commemorate the ancient people's
cultural heritage professor Freund
interprets the structure as the
representation and miniature of an
ancient city located in the center of
the miniature city is what appears to be
a temple vestiges of gold silver and
bronze found within its walls
Plato stated that Atlantis had an
industry in mining and refining for
valuable metals exquisitely carved into
the temple floor at Cancellara wanna is
a unique symbol from ancient Egyptian
culture and it's the symbol of the
science of refining metals
what that tells us is that the culture
being memorialized at Concha rowana was
built on the mining and refining of
metals what Plato said about Atlantis
now if that seems circumstantial there's
another carving at cancel rowana that
makes the connection with Atlantis even
stronger right at the threshold of the
ancient temple is a large stone steely
carved into the stone is the image of a
warrior bearing an enormous metal sword
and he's guarding what looks to me like
a map of Plato's Atlantis
maybe mauritania merits further
investigation
maybe the coast of southern Spain
Plato's phrase across from the pillars
of Herakles could place Atlantis further
out into the Atlantic yet close enough
to mount a naval attack on prehistoric
Athens but why does it matter why are so
many researchers investing great sums of
money and indeed there are lifetimes
looking for a place that a great many
scholars would claim is pure fiction
in 2005 on the island of Melos
researchers gathered from around the
world to discuss the questions
surrounding the search for Atlantis the
conference identified 24 check points
from the writing of Plato criteria that
would have to be fulfilled
by any geographical candidate claiming
to be the remains of Atlantis in the 150
years since the modern search for
Atlantis was kicked off by Heinrich
Schliemann 'z discovery of Troy no
geographical candidate has been
identified that comes close to ticking
those 24 check points we found buried
and underwater cities and habitations in
the Amazon jungle in the North Sea off
the coast of Cuba Malta Japan India
what's so important then about taking
Plato's lost city out of the fiction
basket and saying that it was real when
we have so many other ancient cities and
cultures to explore well for me the
significance of finding Atlantis would
be in adding weight to the other claims
that Plato makes claims that if we put
them into the fiction basket really
become kind of irrelevant but if they're
real
Plato's claims are life-changing so in
Timaeus and Critias which is the work
where Atlantis makes its appearance what
kind of writing are we dealing with what
kind of information does Plato claim to
be passing on to us well Plato
identifies three sources of information
the first one is a logic applied to
things we can all observe we might call
it science Plato called it philosophy
but essentially it's logic apply to
observation it's on that basis that
Plato makes the following conclusions in
today's language we would call it the
holographic universe
the conscious universe the belief that
the material universe is the expression
of fractal ization of the primordial
field of intelligence and consciousness
that you and I existed as beings of
light or spirit before we came into this
life as human beings and that our
learning here is really remembering what
we knew before it's also on this basis
that Plato concludes that we're here to
learn how to do consciousness love
harmony and intelligence as a free
society of individuals exercising free
choice
Plato reaches all those conclusions from
logic applied to things we all observe
his second source of information was
what we would call an altered state of
consciousness a personal experience of
another dimension through the ingestion
of an ancient Greek psychedelic called
Chi kyun part of what was known as the
ellice Tinian mysteries out of that
experience Plato deepens his view that
we each are spiritual beings going
through a human experience in order to
learn love and wisdom and it's from that
source he teaches that our biggest
obstacle to enjoying this life and
making that journey learning those
lessons is fear and fear of death in
particular
he teaches that our challenge is to
shake off our heavier emotions emotions
that detract from a good human
experience anger rage fear frustration
hatred resentment unforgiveness we have
to learn how to deal with that and shake
it off and he teaches that at death our
consciousness goes on but before
returning to our original glory and
oneness we have to process that heavier
stuff the stuff that's weighed us down
he teaches that in death were met by
spirit beings whether by loving
ancestors those who've gone before us or
by interdimensional beings did you know
that Plato taught this who were deeply
involved in the learnings of the human
experience now from here or the next
source of information Plato has also
concluded that there are people similar
to us who live on islands in the sky
they're more intelligent than us they're
longer live than us and with an advanced
knowledge of the cosmos he also taught
but powerful beings he didn't know what
they were just call them children of God
had intervened in the very evolution of
Homo sapiens as an intelligent and
conscious species he also taught that
planet earth experiences periodic
extinction-level events that basically
take human civilization back to a
virtual zero and everything has to reset
and re-establish itself and he says
these are things I can't prove but that
I have come to believe things I have
concluded Plato's third source of
information is a cannon of ancient
Egyptian priestly knowledge which he
claims was passed on to a real figure in
Greek history called Solon a political
figure a legislator and this information
he said had been curated by the Egyptian
priesthood of antiquity but that this
information predated even that
and it's from that source that Plato
tells us of Atlantis a previous
civilization not a utopia but an
advanced military empire wiped off the
face of the earth by what we can only
describe as a planetary Cataclysm if
Plato is proven right about that then
all is other claims and you see how
far-reaching they are a suddenly given
far greater weight but is there another
explanation is it possible that Plato's
narrative of Atlantis is a fusion of
fact and fiction an inter weaving of a
moral lesson with details inspired by
real history I think people get confused
by the fact that Plato uses fiction in
his teaching no one reads to Mayerson
Critias as if it's a word-for-word
recollection of a real conversation but
if I can illustrate with one of my books
about 20 years ago I wrote a book called
my dinner with Anton and it's a
conversation between two people I made
up one is a two hundred and fifty year
old monk called
Anton fictional and a fictionalized
version of myself again fiction we
didn't meet for dinner and we didn't
have a conversation it's fiction but the
conversation is about a real historical
person Seraphim of Sarov
and it's full of quotes from real
historical conversations so the whole
thing is written to convey an aspect of
seraphim's teaching and it's all my own
work it's written really to convey my
own thinking at the same time what I
have learned from Seraphim so my dinner
with Anton is all fiction it's all true
it quotes a real historical figure and
real conversations it's all seraphim's
teaching and it's all Paul's thinking
the conversation never happened but it
relays real history
now of course 20 years ago I thought I
was a genius thinking this up but of
course there's nothing new Under the Sun
I'd only reinvented the wheel countless
writers through the ages have written
dialogues with layers just like that and
in his dialogues that's exactly what
Plato does so in Timaeus and Critias
where Plato talks about Atlantis it's
all fiction it's all written to convey
Socrates real historic teaching so it's
all Socrates these are plato's beliefs
so it's all Plato he quotes a real
historical figure the conversation never
happened but it's entirely possible that
it relays real history so if it turns
out that plato's claims about history
are real if we find Atlantis what else
in his teaching might we take out of the
pure fiction basket and listen to a
little different what about Plato's
claims about human origins the origins
of the universe as a unified field of
consciousness and intelligence and love
what do we do with that or is teaching
that the origins of Homo sapiens
included this external intervention in
our evolution by another species which
was an intervention to heighten our
intelligence and consciousness do we
begin to take that more seriously or
what about Plato's claims about people
similar to us more intelligent than us
more advanced longer lived with
spacefaring capacities what do we do
with that what do we do at Plato's
claims about our consciousness surviving
death and carrying the lessons of this
life do we take that more seriously or
Plato's claim that around every 5,000
years human civilization is taken down
to a virtual zero and reset by some
planetary catastrophe which he said was
triggered by the movements of space
objects planets and asteroids
are we ready now to do business with
that and what do we do with plato's
claims an altered state of consciousness
can actually provide information to us
and can help us shake off the anxiety
that so detracts from our enjoyment of
life is that a lesson that we're finally
prepared to take seriously and not feel
threatened by what about his claim that
it brings us real information about
other dimensions I think we rob
ourselves when we dismiss Plato as
fiction I want to know the truth of what
he's saying and personally I don't need
Atlantis to be found to find truth in
what he's saying no one would deny that
Plato is the most important thinker in
the history of western sword the British
mathematician and philosopher Alfred
Whitehead famously described all
European philosophy is no more than a
series of footnotes to Plato that's how
important he is and in my view we don't
need to read Plato's Atlantis narrative
in a fundamentalist way as word-for-word
history to take Plato seriously but if
we were to establish the existence of
Atlantis and locate its remains what an
incredible look at this that would
supply to all of plato's claims
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