Through this video we are trying to explain post-feminism.
Post-feminism can be said as a historical
 transition from
Virginia Woolf to Naomi Woolf.
Feminist movements are formed when women
try to ask critical questions about their life.
While they are
questioning their every day life
One of the most famous thinkers of 18th century,
William Godwin, his wife Mary Wollstonecraft,
their daughter Mary Shelly her
husband P.B Shelly
were giving leadership for the 19th century gender equality movements.
It is the famous question of Virginia Woolf that:
"Why there are no writers among women?"
Due to these kinds of questions asked about the
status of women in society,
by 20th century, feminism was rising
and developed to different dimensions.
It was not only about the social status and position
of women, but it was also about the abolition of
gender status and new organisations and movements
were also created on the basis of this.
The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir
which was published in 1949 raised
pertinent questions about the gender.
After the second world war,
feminist movements underwent more
radical changes than before.
Even before the Second world War,
women in Socialist parties started
raising the problems of working class women.
By the year 1949,
we see radical feminists like Simone de Beauvoir
 who wrote
"The Second Sex" on one hand and on the other hand we see the
formation of feminists like Betty Freidan
who deals with the problems of middle 
class women.
In western countries,
different views on feminism were formed
among the elite class and working class women.
For both classes of women,
their primary interests were based on their class identity,
observes socialists like Alexandra Kollantai.
Inorder to address the
problems of working class women 
and to solve them
there was a need of different approaches
and different feminist movements.
This necessity was addressed by feminists and socialists like Alexandra Kollantai.
Feminism cannot be seen as a singular ideology
Instead it is a pluralistic idelogy.
Different feminisms;
different women under different social conditions and class viewed the world and
approached & solved their problems in different ways.
This idea was also becoming popular during this period.
1970s are recognized as a period of transition
which contributed revolutionary interventions in feminist movements.
After 1970s,
even the women who had worked in the 
feminist movements prior to 70s
also started to view
feminism from different dimensions.
Among such feminists,
feminists like Gloria Steinem who was an
 active leader of feminist movements of 70s,
started to view problems of women in
 different dimensions during 80s and 90s.
To bring out the strength inside the women
and to realize the self and to come to a
leadership role in the society instead of living like a prey
had been identified as a necessity by feminists like Gloria Steinem.
But the approaches of Gloria Steinem
were similar to the Capitalistic approach.
Feminists movements slowly started to focus on individual and individual's liberation.
The specialty of Naomi Woolf is that she approaches issues of women in an individualistic manner.
When feminist movements reaches 21st Century,
the word post-feminism becomes relevant.
By the word Post-feminism
we mean the feminist interventions
of the elite class women.
The problems faced by working class women
were not accepted by the capitalist/elite class women.
Maternity leave, child care support systems by the government
and even the sexual assaults on working class women
were not properly addressed by post-feminist movements.
The Monica Lewinsky's case against the then
 American President Bill Clinton
is a relevant example for this.
Even the women who fought strongly for gender
 rights and equality durings 70s
kept quiet about the sexual harassment and took stands against Monica Lewinsky.
The reason that they give for this is that:
From now onwards women shall not view their problems from the angle of a prey,
but they should try to mobilize
 their own power and authority
through the experiences they have acquired.
So, instead of the concept of a victim,
a new concept of 'Power Women'  emerged
and was put forward by Naomi Woolf through
 her books including "Vagina"(autobiography).
She popularized this idea through many of her writings and
proposed this era as the era of Post-Feminism.
This transformation was  formed when the women from western universities
questioned the position of women in society.
Most women even the educated women  selected the role of home makers
instead of public workplaces.
Post-feminism in today's world
is in a process of degeneration, denying the developments made by feminist movements in the previous decades.
The concept of Gender equality is already
challenged in western countries.
Earlier,the wages of women
 were lower than that of men.
If a man earned 100 Rs. as wage the woman earned 75 Rs.
But nowadays the wage difference is  above 30%.
So, instead of addressing the gender  status of women and
gender notions,  the feminist movements
started to address the need of gaining  power in social, cultural and political areas
and to empower them.
Thus, the term Post-Feminism now means the empowerment of women in a capitalist canvas.
XO Subtitles encoded by @adhit_chandy  {4Ayubowan} XO
