The jump-for-joy positive emotions can seem
kind of trivial, out of place, maybe irrelevant,
and what I want to argue is that that's nothing
could be further from the case.
There are a whole range of positive emotions
including that feeling in our bones grateful
for our current circumstances; completely
in tune with our environment; at one at peace
feeling serene and tranquil and savoring that;
sharing laughter with a close loved one or
friend; and the lightness of that moment being
inspired by great leaders.
These are all important positive emotions
that are really quite relevant especially
when we're facing difficult times.
Feeling the love and closeness of people we
care for.
Now all of these different positive emotions
and more share in common two core truths.
There are two core truths about these positive
emotions.
One is that they open us.
They literally change the boundaries of our
minds and our hearts and change our outlook
on our environments.
Now let me get poetic here for a moment.
Now imagine that you're this water lily.
It's early dawn and your petals are closed
in around your face.
If you can see out it all from that vantage
point it's just a little spot of sunlight
but as the sun rises in the sky things begin
to change and you're delicate blinders around
your face begin to open and your world quite
literally expands.
You can see more.
Your world is larger.
Okay, now, this is sunlight is what changes
the openness of flowers like this.
The openness of our minds and hearts obey
the warmth of positivity.
It changes how open our visual perspective
is at a really basic level is and our ability
to see our common humanity with others.
And we know this because we've done randomized
control studies where we induce positive emotions
by the flip of a coin.
Some people are either given a dose of positive
experiences, cute puppies, goofy penguins,
beautiful sunsets, or neutral pictures, chairs,
light switches, things like that.
Other studies use a very simple paradigm that
was developed by Alice Isen We give people
a gift of candy all wrapped up in cellophane
so you know it's not a sugar high that's creating
the- but it's a gift a token.
They're either given the gift before the experiment
starts or after it's over.
And other studies, they have people listen
to pleasant music.
Now in these kinds of studies we know that
it changes the way people view, kind of step
back and take in the big picture.
Here's a study from my own lab where we ask
people we gave people a series of tests where
we showed a comparison figure and then asked
which of these two target figures on top.
Which of these two comparison figures most
resembles this?
Now there's no right or wrong answer.
They each resemble at least a little bit but
this one resembles it in its global configuration
this one more in its more local detail elements
and what we know is that if you inject positive
emotions, people are more likely to step back
and see the big picture and see the similarities
along those lines.
Other work on this opening or broadening effect
has used eye tracking where they lock in a
camera on the iris and see what people are
looking at and if you give people that little
gift of candy before they do a study like
this they're more likely to look around all
the different aspects of a complicated array.
If you don't give people a gift of candy,
they pretty much look at the center baby and
they don't look at the babies on the side.
So we know that positive emotions widen the
scope of what people are scanning for in the
environment.
Rumi wrote about this in the 13th century
and captured this aspect of what positive
emotions can do.
He wrote: "there is a way of breathing that's
a shame and a suffocation that really narrows
us down there's another way of expiring, a
love breath he called it that lets us open
infinitely."
Okay, so we have dozens of studies that show
us that this just isn't poetic language.
Now, our studies don't underscore the infinitely
part; that part may take a few more years
that will get us to that level but we do know
that positive emotions open our awareness
they increase the expanse of our peripheral
vision we see more.
And there are a lot of places where this matters,
because we see more possibilities.
People come up with more ideas of what they
might do next when they're experiencing a
positive emotion relative to when they're
experiencing neutral states or negative emotions.
People are more creative.
Some of the earliest work in this area shows
how tests of creativity that used to be used
for graduate admissions that if you give people
a bag of candy before they complete those
tests they score higher on them.
They're no longer used for graduate admissions.
But people are more creative.
And this widening of awareness has been directly
linked to this greater creativity.
People are more likely to be resilient.
I have a whole line of research on resilience
where we've shown that people are able to
bounce back quicker from adversity when they're
experiencing positive emotions.
Some other research has shown that kids do
better on a math test or a learning context
if they're just asked to sit and think of
a positive memory before they take the test.
So there's better academic performance.
Really neat work on physicians making better
medical decisions better at integrating the
complex information of an unsolved case when
they're given a bag of candy, a really small
positive emotion induction.
So maybe you should go to your doctor's office
with that bag of candy.
And one of the studies that one of my former
students Kareem Johnson and I did together
looked at how positive emotions allow us to
look past racial and cultural differences
and see the unique individual and recognize
individuals across racial lines to see past
difference and to see towards oneness.
There are other experiments that show if you
induce positive emotions people are more trusting,
people come to better win-win situations in
negotiations all kinds of effects.
And I want to just emphasize this isn't the
same story that we've known for decades that
positive emotions help us see the world through
rose-colored glasses or see the glasses half
full rather than half empty.
I'm not saying these views are wrong but it's
not the whole story.
In addition we're also seeing the big picture.
And a very fundamental level we're able to
see larger systems, see larger forms of interconnection
when we're experiencing positive emotions.
And that can make a huge difference when we're
trying to address some of these really entangled
societal problems that we face.
