yo soy el Pasto Perez la pasta TLS
tranches Allah curses Bennigan's grotto
Buena Kang grata nada que nada
Cindy sconces cuando el paso semestre
grotto la pata Swaney Mobile's filthy
ostraka tierno jana morado digital photo
Cobra Nessie hey everybody welcome back
to a people's historian my name is
Jason Kishineff each episode we read
about 30 minutes of history together and
we are reading chapter 12 of a people's
history of the United States by Howard
Zinn shall we dig in Americans began
talk taking over a railroad mine and
sugar companies when the war ended in a
few years thirty million dollars of
American capital was invested United
Fruit moved into Cuban sugar industry it
bought 1 million nine hundred thousand
acres of land for about 20 cents an acre
the American tobacco company arrived by
the end of the occupation in 1901
phoner estimates that at least 80
percent of the export of Cuba's minerals
were in American hands mostly Bethlehem
Steel during the military occupation a
series of strikes took place in
September 1899 a gathering of thousands
of workers in Havana launched a general
strike for the eight-hour day saying we
have determined to promote the struggle
between the worker and the capitalist
for the workers of Cuba was no longer
tolerate remaining in total subjection
the American General William Ludlow
ordered the mayor of Havana
two abreast eleven strike leaders and US
troops occupied railroad stations and
docks police moved through the city
breaking up meetings but the economic
activity of the city had come to a halt
tobacco workers struck printers struck
bakers went on strike not the bakers how
do I get my cheesecake hundreds of
strikers were arrested and some of the
imprisoned leaders were intimidating
into intimidated into calling for an end
to the strike the United States did not
annex Cuba but a Cuban Constitutional
Convention was told that the United
States Army would not leave Cuba until
the Platt Amendment passed by Congress
in February 1901 was incorporated into
the new Cuban Constitution this
amendment gave the United States the
right to intervene for the preservation
of Cuban independence the maintenance of
a government adequate for the protection
of life property and individual liberty
it also provided for the United States
to get coaling or naval stations at
certain specified points
excuse me
the teller amendment and the talk of
cuban freedom before and during the war
have led many Americans and Cubans to
expect genuine independence the Platt
Amendment was now seen not only by the
radical and labor press but by
newspapers and groups all over the
United States as a betrayal a mass
meeting of the American anti-imperialist
league in Fenway Hall in Boston
denounced it X Governor George felt well
saying in disregard of our pledge of
freedom and sovereignty to Cuba we are
imposing on that Island conditions of
colonial vassalage in Havana a
torchlight procession of 15,000 Cubans
marched on the Constitutional Convention
urging them to reject the amendment but
General Leonard would head of the
occupation forces assert McKinley the
people of Cuba lend themselves readily
to all sorts of demonstrations and
parades and little significance to be
attached to them our committee was
delegated by the Constitutional
Convention to reply to the United States
insistence that the Platt Amendment be
included in the Constitution the
committee report and NC ala convinced
commence Eoin was written by a black
delegate from Santiago it said in
English for the United States to reserve
to itself the power to determine when
this independence was threatened and
when therefore it should intervene to
preserve it is equivalent to handing
over the key to our house so that they
can enter it at any time whenever the
desire seizes them day or night whether
with good or evil design
and why did he separate it with a hand
and the only Cuban governments that
would luck live that would live I mean
the only Cuban governments that would
live would be those which count on the
support and benevolence of the United
States and the clearest result of this
situation would be that we would only
have feeble and miserable governments
condemned to live more attentive to
obtaining the blessings of the United
States than to serving and defending the
interests of Cuba the report turned to
the request for coaling or naval
stations a mutilation of the fatherland
it concluded a people occupied
militarily is being told that before
consulting their own government before
being free in their own territory they
should grant the military occupants who
came as friends and allies rights and
powers which would annul the sovereignty
of these very people that is the
situation created for us by the method
which the United States has just adopted
it could not be more obnoxious and
inadmissible
with this report the convention
overwhelmingly rejected the Platt
Amendment within the next three months
however the pressure from the United
States the military occupation the
refusal to allow the Cubans to set up
their own government until they
acquiesced had its effect the convention
after several refusals adopted the Platt
Amendment General Leonard Wood broke in
1901 the Theodore Roosevelt there is of
course little or no independence left
Cuba under the Platt Amendment Cuba was
thus brought into the American Spearmint
not as an outright colony however the
spanish-american war did lead to a
number of direct annexations by the
United States Puerto Rico a neighbor of
Cuba and the Caribbean belonging to
Spain was taken over by US military
forces the Hawaiian Islands one third of
the way across the Pacific which had
already been penetrated by American
missionaries and pineapple plantation
owners and had been described by
American officials as a bright pear
ready to be plucked was annexed by joint
resolution of Congress in July of 1898
here that Hawaii you're a pair ready to
be plucked this year 100 years ago 120
years ago around this around the same
time Wake Island 2,300 miles west of
Hawaii on the route to
Japan was occupied in Guam the Spanish
possession in the Pacific almost all the
way to the Philippines was taken in
December of 1898 the peace treaty was
signed with Spain officially turning
over to the United States Guam Puerto
Rico and the Philippines for a payment
of 20 million dollars there was heated
argument in the United States about
whether or not to take the Philippines
as one story has it
President McKinley told a group of
ministers visiting the White House how
he came to his decision before you go I
would like to say just a word about the
Philippine business the truth is I
didn't want the Philippines and when
they came to us as a gift from the gods
I did not know what to do with them I
sought counsel from all sides Democrats
as well as Republicans but got a little
help I thought first we would only take
Manila Luzon and other islands perhaps
also I walked the floor of the White
House night after night into a midnight
and I am not ashamed to tell you
gentlemen that I went down on my knees
and prayed Almighty God for light and
guidance more than one night and one
night late it came to me this way I
don't know how it was but it came
that we could not give them back to
Spain that would be cowardly and
dishonorable to that we could not turn
them over to France or Germany our
commercial rivals in the orange that
would be bad business and diss credible
just creditable number three that we
could not leave them to themselves they
were unfit for self-government and they
would soon have anarchy and Mis rule
over there
worse than Spain's was and for that
there was nothing left for us to do but
to take them all and to educate the
Filipinos and uplift and civilize and
Christianize them and by God's grace do
the very best we could by them as our
fellow man for whom Christ also died and
then I went to bed and went to sleep and
slept soundly and that was President
McKinley to all you Filipinos out there
who want to know who to hate the
Filipinos did not get the same message
from God that's what he broke in
February 1899 they rose in revolt
against American rule and had rebelled
several times against the Spanish Emilio
I win although a Filipino leader who had
earlier been brought back from China by
US warships to lead soldiers against
Spain now became leader of the
insurrectos fighting the United States
he proposed Filipino independence within
a US protectorate but this was rejected
oh no you can't have independence
because you don't know how to govern
your ruin but we all know that's not the
real reason it took the United States
three years to crush the rebellion using
70,000 troops four times as many as were
landed in Cuba and thousands of battle
casualties many times more than in Cuba
it was a harsh war for the Filipinos
that death rate was enormous from battle
casualties and from disease the taste of
empire was on the lips of politicians
and business interests throughout the
country now racism paternalism and talk
of money mingled with talk of destiny
and civilization in the Senate Albert
Beveridge spoke yes that's really his
name and it's spelled differently
January 9th 1904 the dominant economic
and political interests of this country
of the country mr. president The Times
called for candor the Philippines are
ours forever and just beyond the
Philippines are China's illimitable
markets we will not retreat from either
we will not renounce our part in the
mission of our race trustee under God of
the civilization of the world reef the
Pacific is our ocean where shall we turn
for consumers of our surplus geography
answers the question China is our
natural customer the Philippines give us
a base at the door of all the East no
land in America surpasses infertility
the plains and valleys of news on rice
and coffee sugar and coconuts Hampton
tobacco
the wood of the Philippines can supply
the furniture of the world for a century
to come at Cebu the best-informed man on
the island told me that 40 miles of
Sabu's mountain chain are practically
mountains of coal I have a nugget of
pure gold picked up in its present form
on the banks of a philippine creek my
own belief is that there are not 100 men
among them who comprehend what
anglo-saxon self-government even means
and there are over 5 million people to
be governed it has been charged that our
conduct of the war has been cruel
senator as it has been the reverse
senators must remember that we are not
dealing with Americans or Europeans
we're dealing with Orientals
basically we want to apologize to like
the whole rest of the world on behalf of
my country the fighting with the rebels
began McKinley said when the insurgent
insurgents attacked American forces but
later American soldiers testified that
the United States had fired the first
shot after the war an army officer
speaking in Boston's Fenway Hall said
his Colonel had given him orders to
provoke a conflict with the insurgents
could this be America's first false flag
oh no this is after the Cuban war so it
would have to be the second in February
1899 a banquet took place in Boston to
celebrate the Senate's ratification of
the peace treaty with Spain
President McKinley himself had been
invited by the wealthy textile
manufacturer manufacturer WB Plunkett to
speak it was the biggest banquet in the
nation's history mm diners 400 waiters
McKinley said that no Imperial designs
work in the American mind and at the
same banquet to the same diners his
Postmaster General Charles every Smith
said that what we want is a market for
our surplus
William James the Harvard philosopher
wrote a letter to the Boston transmit
about the cold pot grease of McKinley's
cans at the recent Boston banquet and
said the Philippine operation reaped of
the infertile adroitness of the great
department storm which has reached
perfect expertness in the art of killing
silently and with no public squalling or
commotion the neighboring small concerns
james was part of a movement of
prominent american businessmen
politicians and intellectuals who formed
the anti-imperialist league in 1898 and
carried on a long campaign to educate
the american public about the horrors of
the philippine war and the evils of
imperialism it was an odd group Carnegie
aren't better than an egregore nagi
belonged including anti-labour
aristocrats and scholars United in a
common mortal outrage if what was being
done to the Filipinos in the name of
freedom and those air quotes were mine
not Howard Zinn's not that it matters
whatever their differences on other
matters they would all agree with
William James's Angry statement but damn
the US for its vile conduct in the
Philippine Isles the anti-imperialist
league published the letters of soldiers
doing duty in the Philippines
captain from Kansas room kallu ken was
supposed to contain 17,000 inhabitants
the 20th Kansas swept through it now
Caloocan contains not one living native
a private from the same outfit saying he
had with my own hands set fire to over
fifty houses of filipinos after the
victory at Caloocan women and children
were wounded by our fire
twelve my Filipino friends I'm sorry it
makes me sick
a volunteer from the state of Washington
wrote our fighting blood was up and we
all wanted to kill Edwards this shooting
human-beings beats rabbit hunting all
the pieces it was a time of intense
racism in the United States in the years
between 1889 and 1903 on the average
every week two Negroes were lynched by
mobs hanged burned mutilated the
Filipinos were brown skinned physically
identifiable strange speaking and
strange-looking - Americans - the usual
indiscriminate brutality of war was thus
added the factors of racial hostility
in November 1901 the Manila
correspondent at the Philadelphia ledger
reported the present war is no bloodless
opera buffa our engagement our men have
been relentless have killed to
exterminate men women children
prisoners and captives active insurgents
and suspected people from lads of ten up
the idea prevailing that the Filipino as
such was little better than a dog our
soldiers have punched saltwater into men
to make them talk and have taken
prisoners people who held up their hands
and peacefully surrendered and an hour
later with an atom of evidence to show
that they were even insurrection in
insurrectos stepped him on a bridge and
shot them down one by one
to drop into the water below and float
down as example to those who found their
bullet loaded corpses
early in 1901 an American general
returning to the United States from
Southern Luzon said one-sixth of the
natives of these lawn have even been
killed or have died of the dengue fever
in the last few years the loss of life
by killing alone has been very great but
I think meaning big but I think not one
man has been slain except where his
death has served the legitimate purposes
of war it has been necessary to adopt
what in other countries would probably
be thought harsh measure
Secretary of War le hui' root responded
to the charges of brutality the war in
the Philippines has been conducted by
the American army with scrupulous regard
for the rules of civilized warfare was
self restraint and with humanity never
surpassed and all I'm thinking about
right now is like our last what four
presidents and they're you know making
war here or making war there and I don't
want to talk about specifics but it was
a surgical strike right we hit exactly
who and know no civilian casualties and
it's all a lie
in Manila I'm a renamed little town
Waller a major was accused of shooting
11 defenseless Filipinos without trial
on the island of Samar other Marine
officers described his testimony the
major said that general Smith instructed
him to kill and burn and said that the
more he killed and burned the better
pleat he would be that it was no time to
take prisoners and that he was to make
Samar a howling wilderness major Waller
asked general Smith to define the age
limit for killing and he replied
everything over ten
in the province of Batangas the
secretary of the province estimated it
of the population of a hundred thousand
excuse me three hundred thousand one
third had been killed by combat famine
or disease mark twain commented on the
Philippine war when perceived some
thousands of the Islanders and buried
them destroyed their fields burned their
villages and turned their widows and
orphans out of doors furnished
heartbreak by exiles some dozens of
disagreeable Patriots subjugated the
remaining ten millions by benevolent
assimilation which is the pious new name
of the musket we have acquired property
in the 300 concubines and other slaves
of our business partner the Sultan of
Cebu excuse me Sulu the Sultan of Sulu
and hoisted aren't protecting flag over
that swagger and so by these
Providence's of God and the phrase is
the government's not mine we are a world
power
American firepower was overwhelmingly
superior to anything the Filipino rebel
rebels could put together in the very
first battle Admiral Dewey steamed up
the Pasig River and fired 500-pound
shells into the Filipino trenches dead
Filipinos were piled so high that the
Americans used their bodies for
breastworks a British witness said this
is not war it is simply Massacre and
murderous butchery it was wrong it was
war for the rebels to hold out against
such odds for years meant that they had
the support of the population general
Arthur MacArthur really General
MacArthur's first name was Arthur
General Arthur MacArthur commander of
the Filipino war said I believed that
Aguinaldo's troops represented only a
faction I did not like to believe that
the whole population of Newsong the
native population that is was opposed to
us but he said he was reluctantly
compelled to believe this because the
guerrilla tactics of the Filipino army
Filipino army depended upon almost
complete unity of action of the entire
native population despite the growing
evidence of brutality in the work of the
anti-imperialist league some of the
trade unions in the United States
supported the action in the Philippines
the Tetra graphical union said it likes
the idea of annexing annexing more
territory because English language
schools in those areas would help the
printing trade the publication of the
glass makers saw value in new
territories that would buy glass the
railroad Brotherhood's saw Simonton
goods to the New Territories meaning
more work for railroad workers some
unions repeated what big business was
saying the territorial expansion by
creative a market for surplus goods
would prevent another depression on the
other hand when the leather workers of
general wrote that an increase in wages
at home would solve the problem of
surplus by creating more purchasing
power inside the country
the carpenters general asked how much
better off for the working men of
England through all its colonial
possessions the national labor Tribune
publication of the iron steel and tin
workers agreed that the Philippines were
rich with resources but added the same
can be said of this country but if
anybody were to ask you if you owned a
coal mine a sugar plantation or a
railroad you would have to say no all
those things are in the hands of the
Trust's controlled by a few when the
treaty for annexation of the Philippines
was up for debate in Congress in early
1899 the central labor unions of Boston
and New York opposed it there was a mass
meeting in New York against annexation
the anti-imperialist league circulated
more than a million pieces of literature
against taking the Philippines
phoner says that while the league was
organized and dominated by intellectuals
and businesspeople a large part of its
half-million members were working-class
people including women and blacks locals
of the league held meetings all over the
country the campaign against the treaty
was a powerful one and when the Senate
did ratify it it would by one vote
the mixed reactions of labor to the war
lured by economic advantage yet repelled
by capitalist expansion and violence
ensured that labor could not unite
either to stop the war or kids or to
conduct class war against the system at
home the reactions of black soldiers to
the war were also mixed there was the
simple need to get ahead in a society
where opportunities for success were
denied the black man and the military
life gave such possibilities there was
race pride the need to show that blacks
were as courageous as patriotic as
anyone else and yet there was with all
this the consciousness of a brutal war
fought against colored people a
counterpart of the violence committed
against black people in the United
States willard Gatewood in his book
smoke Yankees and the struggle for
Empire smoked Yankees reproduces and
analyzes 114 letters to Negro newspapers
written by black soldiers in the period
1898 to 8 to 1902 the letters show all
those conflicting emotions black
soldiers in Campton Tampa Florida ran
into bitter race hatred by white
inhabitants there and then after they
fought with distinction in Cuba Negroes
were not rewarded with officers
commissions white officers commanded
black regiments Negro soldiers in
Lakeland Florida pistol-whipped a
drugstore owner when he refused to serve
one of them and then in a confrontation
with the white crowd killed a civilian
so that didn't go well for him
in Tampa a race riot began when drunken
white soldiers used a Negro child as a
target to show their marksmanship Negro
soldiers retaliated and then the streets
ran red with Negro blood ran red with
Negro blood according to press
dispatches 27 Negro soldiers of three
whites were severely wounded the
chaplain of a black regiment in Tampa
wrote to the Cleveland Gazette is
America any better than Spain has she
not subjects in her very mixed to a
murdered daily without a trial of judge
or jury has she not subjects in her own
borders whose children are half fed and
half clothed
because their fathers skin is black yet
the Negro is loyal to his country's flag
the Saint Chaplin George pre Oulu
Criollo Criollo talks of black veterans
of the Cuban war unkindly and sneeringly
received in Kansas City Missouri he says
that these black boys heroes of our
country were not allowed to stand at the
counters of restaurants and eat a
sandwich and drink a cup of coffee while
the white soldiers were welcomed and
invited to sit down at the tables and
eat free of cost but it was the Filipino
situation that aroused many blacks in
the United States to militant opposition
to war the senior bishop of the African
Methodist Episcopal Church Henry and
Turner called this campaign in the
Philippines an unholy war of conquest
and referred to the Filipinos as sable
Patriots there were four black regiments
on duty in the Philippines
many of the black soldiers established
rapport with the brown skin needs on the
islands and were angered by the term
Edward used by white troops to describe
the Filipinos an unusually large number
of black troops deserted during the
Philippines campaign Gatewood Gatewood
says the Filipino rebels often address
themselves to the colored American
soldier in posters reminding them of
lynchings back home asking him not to
serve the white imperialist against
other colored people
some deserters joined the Filipino
rebels the most famous of these was
David Fagan at the 24th Infantry
according to Gatewood he accepted a
commission in the insurgent army and for
two years wreak havoc upon the American
forces from the Philippines William
Simms broke I was struck by a question a
little Filipino boy asked me which ran
about this way why does the American
Negro come to fight us where we are much
a friend to him and I've not done
anything to him he is all the same as me
and me and all the same with you why
don't you fight those people in America
who burned Negros that make a feast of
you another soldiers letter of 1899 our
racial sympathies would naturally be
with the Filipinos they are fighting
manfully for what they conceived to be
their best interests but we can offer
the sake of sentiment turn our backs
upon our own country
Patrick Mason a sergeant in the 24th
Infantry wrote to the Cleveland Gazette
which had taken a strong stand against
annexation of the Philippines dear sir
I have not had any fighting to do since
I've been here and I don't care to do
any I feel sorry for these people and
all that have come under the control of
the United States I don't believe they
will be justly dealt by the first thing
in the morning is that Edward and the
last thing at night is that n-word you
are right in your opinions I must not
say much as I am a soldier
a black infantryman named William
Fulbright wrote from Manila in June 1901
to the editor of a paper in Indianapolis
this struggle on the islands has been
not but a giant scheme of robbery and
oppression back home while the war
against the Filipinos was going on a
group of Massachusetts Negroes addressed
a message to President McKinley we the
colored people of Massachusetts in mass
being assembled have resolved to address
ourselves to you in an open letter
notwithstanding your extraordinary your
incomprehensible silence on the subject
of our wrongs you've seen our sufferings
witnessed from your high place are awful
wrongs and miseries and yet you have had
no time and on no occasion opened your
lips on our behalf with one Accord with
an anxiety that wrenched our hearts with
cruel hopes and fears the colored people
of the United States turned to you when
will when Wilmington North Carolina was
held for two dreadful days and nights in
the clutch of a bloody revolution when
Negroes guilty of no crime except the
color of their skin and a desire to
exercise the rights of their American
citizenship were butchered like dogs in
the streets of that ill-fated town for
want of federal aid which you would not
and did not furnish it was the same
thing with that terrible abolition of
mob spirit
Phoenix South Carolina when black men
were hunted and murdered and white men
these were white radicals in Phoenix
shot and driven out of that place by a
set of white savages we looked in vain
for some word or some hack from you and
when you made your southern tour
later and we saw how cunningly you
catered to southern race prejudice how
you preached patience industry
moderation to your long-suffering black
fellow citizens and patriotism jingoism
an imperialism to your white ones
the patience industry and moderation
preach to blacks the patriotism preached
to wife did not fully sink in in the
first years of the 20th century despite
all the demonstrated power of the state
large number of blacks whites men women
became impatient in moderate unpatriotic
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