
English: 
This episode of Primal Space is supported
by CuriosityStream.
Watch thousands of documentaries for free
by visiting curiositystream.com/primalspace.
On the 2nd of March, SpaceX launched the Dragon 2 capsule on its first trip
to the International Space Station
This was a test flight to show that the capsule could safely perform its job before it launches with humans onboard.
However before that flight takes place, the Dragon 2 capsule will need to perform an in-flight abort test,
which could be very explosive.
In this video, we’re going to look at how
the abort system is used to protect the astronauts
in the event of a failure.
We’re also going to look at real life examples
of the abort system in action and how the
upcoming SpaceX abort test might provide quite
a spectacle!
Back in 1983, a Russian Soyuz rocket was scheduled
to launch with 2 Cosmonauts onboard.

Chinese: 
本期视频由CuriosityStream赞助
前往下方链接免费观看上千部纪录片
3月2日 SpaceX首次发射了载人龙飞船前往国际空间站
这次飞行的目的是在它真正载人前演示其可以安全运转
然而在真正载人之前 载人龙飞船还要进行飞行中中止测试
效果会很爆炸
本期视频 我们将了解中止系统是如何在发射失败时保护宇航员的
我们还将了解现实中中止系统工作的案例
以及未来SpaceX的中止测试将有多酷炫
在1983年 俄罗斯(苏联)打算用联盟号送两名宇航员上太空

Chinese: 
起飞前90秒 一场大火突然吞噬了整个火箭
控制小组立即触发发射逃逸系统 系统点火并把宇航员带到了安全地区
几秒后 火箭爆炸了
着陆后 宇航员身体并无大碍 只是吓得不轻
于是赶紧给他们抿了一口伏特加 点了根烟压压惊
SpaceX已经进行过发射台中止测试 可以在类似的情况中让宇航员幸免于难
但不是所有火箭都有发射逃逸系统
航天飞机的独特设计让它难以拥有传统的发射逃逸系统
航天飞机的首飞 哥伦比亚号 为两名飞行员装有弹射座椅
但这在航天飞机搭载超过两名航天员后就被拆掉了
取而代之的是宇航员可以在故障下操作的更多样的中止模式

English: 
90 Seconds before liftoff, an enormous fire
engulfed the rocket.
The control team triggered the launch escape
system which quickly fired up and lifted the
Cosmonauts to safety, just seconds before
the rocket exploded.
Upon landing, the Cosmonauts were in good
health but slightly shaken, so they were given
vodka and cigarettes to help them relax.
SpaceX have already performed a pad abort test, which would save the astronauts in a
very similar scenario.
However, not all rockets have launch escape
systems.
Due to the unique design of the Space Shuttle,
it wasn’t practical to have a traditional
launch escape system.
The initial flight of Space Shuttle Columbia
included two ejector seats for the pilots,
however these were removed once the Shuttle
started flying more than 2 astronauts.
Instead, the Space Shuttle had a wide range
of abort modes which the astronauts would
carry out in the event of a failure.

English: 
One of these included opening the escape hatch mid-flight with all seven astronauts
bailing out and using parachutes to land.
However, these abort modes would not be able
to save the crew in the event of a sudden
failure similar to the Challenger disaster.
The idea for a launch escape system dates back to NASA’s Mercury missions during the early 60's.
In the event of the Atlas rocket failing,
the Mercury capsule would instantly fire up
solid rocket motors to pull the capsule away
from the rocket.
A very similar system was used during the
Apollo missions.
In order to test the Apollo launch escape
system, a mockup of the command module was
placed on top of a booster named Little Joe
II.
The plan was to launch the rocket and trigger
an abort once it reached 10,000 feet.
However, due to a mistake when setting up
the gyros, the booster started to roll and
quickly became uncontrollable, causing it
to break apart.

Chinese: 
其中包括飞行中打开逃生舱门 七人逃生后使用降落伞着陆
但这些中止模式都不能在像挑战者号那样突发故障让宇航员逃生
发射逃逸系统的想法最初见于NASA在60年代早期的水星计划中
当Atlas火箭发生故障时
水星号会立即点燃固体火箭 将返回舱拽离火箭
之后阿波罗任务中的逃逸系统与之非常相似
为了测试阿波罗的发射逃逸系统
一个指令舱的模型被安装在名为"Little Joe 2号"的助推火箭上
原计划是发射火箭 在一万英尺触发逃逸
但因为陀螺仪设置错误 火箭开始滚转
并马上陷入失控状态并解体

Chinese: 
这立即触发了中止 发射逃逸系统很快将指令舱拽离至安全地带
这次无心插柳的失败却成就了一次最真实的发射逃逸系统测试
这是一次“相当成功的失败”
载人龙飞船之后的中止测试也会是类似的流程
猎鹰九号会先假装飞向国际空间站
当到达最大动压时 九台梅林发动机关机 模拟推力骤减的故障
载人龙飞船会检测到该故障并与猎鹰九号火箭分离
然后立即点燃SuperDraco发动机 把飞船拽离火箭
龙飞船之后会展开一系列的降落伞 然后溅落大西洋
当触发中止后 猎鹰九号会变成完全不稳定状态
导致其在差不多两倍音速的时候解体

English: 
This instantly triggered an abort and the
launch escape system quickly pulled the
command module to safety.
This unexpected failure provided the most realistic test for the launch escape system.
It was a perfectly successful failure.
The upcoming abort test for the Dragon 2 capsule will follow a very similar plan.
The Falcon 9 will launch as if it was heading towards the International Space Station.
Once it reaches Max Q, the 9 Merlin engines on the Falcon 9
will shutdown to simulate a loss of thrust.
The Dragon capsule will detect this and separate
from the Falcon 9 before quickly firing up
its superdraco thrusters to pull it away from
the booster.
The Dragon capsule will then deploy a series of parachutes before splashing down in the Atlantic Ocean.
Once the abort is triggered, the Falcon 9
will become completely unstable, causing it
to break apart whilst travelling at twice
the speed of sound.

Chinese: 
此时 猎鹰九号还载有32万磅(145吨)煤油和70万磅(317吨)液氧
如此多的氧化剂会让燃料瞬间爆炸
炸成天空中一朵绚丽的烟花
所以当我们耐心等待SpaceX首次载人上太空之前
不如期待一下这次中止测试 肯定非常好看
同样好看的还有CuriosityStream的多种多样的纪录片
CuriosityStream是一个拥有海量纪录片资源的视频网站
内容涵盖科学 自然 历史 科技
我强烈推荐这部关于旅行者号探测器的纪录片
介绍了它漫游太阳系的旅程
以及它们的发现如何改变了我们对宇宙的看法
CuriosityStream还有介绍霍金和大卫·艾登堡的原创内容

English: 
At this point, the Falcon 9 will be carrying
320,000 pounds of RP-1 fuel and 700,000 pounds
of liquid oxygen.
This oxidizer rich environment will cause
most of that fuel to combust instantly, creating
an enormous fireball in the sky.
So as we patiently wait for SpaceX to launch
their first humans into space, we can look
forward to this abort test, which promises
to be quite a spectacle.
Another impressive spectacle is the range
of documentaries on CuriosityStream.
CuriosityStream is a streaming service with
tonnes of interesting documentaries, covering
topics like: science, nature, history and
technology.
I highly recommend this documentary on the
Voyager space probes, which looks at their
wild ride through the solar system and how
their discoveries changed the way we think
about our universe.
CuriosityStream also has original content
featuring the likes of
Stephen Hawking and David Attenborough.

English: 
You can watch them all for free by visiting
the link below
and using the code "primalspace" to to sign up.
This will give you a month of free access
to every documentary and non-fiction title,
from some of the world’s best filmmakers.
After your first free month, you can continue
your subscription for just $2.99 a month.
Thank you very much for watching and I'll see you in the next video.

Chinese: 
你可以用代码优惠码"primalspace"从下方链接注册并免费观看
试用一个月内免费观看所有来自全球最棒电影制作者的纪录片
一个月的试用后 每月只需2.99美元即可续费
感谢观看本期视频 我们下期视频再见
