
Serbian: 
Oportjuniti rover je došao do kraja veoma uspešne misije na Marsu
proveo je preko 15 godina na njegovoj površini istražujući.
Zato što je bio toliko dugo na drugoj planeti, otkrio je mnogo fantastičnih otkrića
i ima mnogo priča da ispriča o svojim avanturama.
U prethodnim epizodama, Oportjuniti je posetio razne kratere, bušeći u stene kako bi
video prošlost Marsa.
Zaglavio se u peščanim dinama ali se uspešno izbavio pomoću domišljatosti i stripljivosti
kontrolora misije na Zemlji.
Oportjuniti je takođe iskusio nekoliko mehaničkih problema što je prouzrokovalo da
ne može da skupi mehaničku ruku.
Uprkos svim ovim zastojima i uspesima, ovaj serijal nije čak ni na pola misije još!
 

English: 
The Opportunity Rover has now come to the
end of a very successful mission on Mars,
spending over 15 years operating on its surface.
Being that long on another planet means it
has made a lot of fascinating discoveries
and it has a lot of stories to tell about
its adventure.
In the previous episodes, Opportunity visited
various craters, drilling into rocks to see
into Mars’ past.
It got stuck in sand dunes, but got itself
out thanks to the ingenuity and patience of
the mission control team on Earth.
Opportunity also experienced a few mechanical
problems, meaning its arm can’t be stowed
any more.
But even with all these hinderances and successes,
this series isn’t even halfway through its
mission yet!

English: 
I’m Alex McColgan, and you’re watching
Astrum, and together we will follow the tracks
of Opportunity, and experience what it saw
and discovered on the Martian surface.
We left off last time around Sol 1700, or
the 1700th Martian day of Opportunity’s
mission, which equates to about 4 and a half
Earth years.
Opportunity had just finished exploring the
Victoria crater, an impressive 750m wide crater
with layered cliff faces and exposed bedrock.
It was by far the biggest crater Opportunity
had visited yet, but after a successful excursion
around Victoria, mission controllers had their
eyes set on a much bigger fish.

Serbian: 
Ja sam Aleks Mekolgan i vi gledate Astrum, zajedno ćemo pratiti tragove
Oportjunitija i iskusićemo šta je on video i otkrio na površini Marsa.
Zadnju epizodu smo završili na Sol 1700 što je 1700 Marsovski dan roverove misije
što je otprilike oko 4,5 Zemaljskih godina.
Oportjuniti je upravo završio istraživanje Viktorije, impresivnog kratera širine 750 metara
sa slojevitim liticama i izloženim stenama.
To je ubedljivo najveći krater koji je Oportjuniti posetio do tada, ali nakon uspešnog istraživanja oko Viktorije
kontrolori misije su imali mnogo veće ambicije.

Serbian: 
Ovo je krater Endevor, ogroman ali plitak krater širine 22 km i dubine 300 metara.
Ali zašto baš krater Endevor (Izdržljivost)?
Usled ogromnih udaljenosti, biće potrebno mnogo vremena da Oportjuniti stigne tamo
ali šta je toliko specijalno za ovu oblast u odnosu na sve što je Oportjuniti video do tada?
Najubedljiviji razlog i jedan od naučnih ciljeva za Oportjuniti je bilo
pronalaženje dokaza o okeanima iz prošlosti Marsa.
U to vreme 2008 godine, teorija je bila da je Mars nekada imao okean na površini
i to zaslugom dokaza i podataka od robota Spirit i Oportjuniti.
Oportjuniti je do ovog momenta otkrio da je voda nekada postojala na mestima koje je istražio
ali ova mesta su bila plitke plavne nizije koje bi se periodično isušivale
to nije bio istinski okean.
Sa druge strane, MRO orbiter je uočio nešto što je izgledalo kao glina
oko kratera Endevor, a gline nastaju samo u prisustvu vode

English: 
This is Endeavour crater, a huge but shallow
crater at 22km across and 300m deep.
But why Endeavour crater?
Due to the distances involved, it would take
a long time for Opportunity to get there,
so, what’s special about this place compared
to anything Opportunity had seen before?
The most compelling reason, and indeed one
of the science goals of Opportunity, was to
find evidence of past oceans on Mars.
At this point in 2008, the theory that Mars
once held an ocean on its surface was only
just starting to get solid evidence thanks
to the Spirit and Opportunity rovers.
Opportunity at this point had discovered that
water once existed on the places it had visited,
but these places were no more than shallow
flood plains which dried up periodically,
not a true ocean.
On the other hand, the Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter had spotted what was believed to be
clays around Endeavour crater, clays being
hydrated minerals which could have only formed

Serbian: 
koja stvara hidrirane minerale usled dugog zadržavanja na površini.
Da li je Endevor možda bio deo trajnog okeana?
I ako je postojao površinski okean, dali postoje dokazi o postojanju života u prošlosti?
 
Kontrolori misije su morali to da otkriju.
Dakle, Oportjuniti je napustio krater Viktorija i krenuo je na dugo putovanje ka jugu.
Tim misije je bio odlučan da što brže stigne do destinacije
uz potragu za interesantnim stvarima usput.
Oportjuniti je išao veoma brzo preko ravnica Meridiani, i do sola  1818 je prešao preko 3 km
 
Ništa specijalno se nije dešavalo sve do sola 1947 kada je uočena velika stena.
Misija je odlučila da se stena ispita i otkriveno je da je to u pitanju meteor koji je nazvan
"Kockasto ostrvo".

English: 
from water being on the surface for extended
periods there.
Could Endeavour have been part of a more permanent
ocean?
And if there really was a surface ocean, are
there clues to indicate that could it have
harboured life?
Mission controllers had to find out.
And so Opportunity left Victoria crater and
began its arduous journey south.
The mission team were determined to reach
their destination as quickly as possible,
while also keeping a look out for anything
of interest along the way.
Opportunity made good time across the Meridiani
plains, and by sol 1818 it had travelled more
than 3km.
Nothing noteworthy really happened until sol
1947, where a large rock was spotted.
The mission team decided to investigate, discovering
that it was a meteorite which they named ‘Block
Island’.

Serbian: 
Čak štaviše, velike stene su bila jedina stvar koja je zadržavala Oportjuniti, kasnije je uočena
još jedna koja je nazvana "Ostrvo skloništa" i treća koja je nazvana "Marquette ostrvo".
Marquette ostrvo je bila veoma interesantna naučnicima jer su verovali
da je ta stena deo materijala koji je nastao meteorskim udarom, što je značilo da je ova stena
mogla poteći iz dubine Marsove kore.
To su naučnici utvrdili zato što su zrnca unutar stene veoma oštra i bazaltnog sastava.
Ta oštrina ukazuje da se stena postepeno hladila iz istopljenog stanja čime je omogućeno
kristalima da se formiraju.
Da se stena formirala blizu površine, kristali bi bili dosta manji
zato što bi se stena mnogo brže ohladila.
Oportjuniti nikada nije bio sam na Marsu.
Imao je sestru koja se zvala Spirit, koja je istraživala drugu stranu planete u isto vreme.
 
Oba rovera su sletela na Mars u otprilike isto vreme o oba su prevazišla

English: 
In fact, large rocks seemed to be the only
thing to keep Opportunity busy, later spotting
another one named ‘Shelter Island’, and
a third called ‘Marquette Island’.
Marquette Island was of particular interest
to scientists though, as they believed this
rock was part of the ejecta from a large meteor
impact, meaning this rock would have come
from deep in Mars’ crust.
Scientists could tell because the grains within
the rock are coarse with a basalt composition.
The coarseness indicates it cooled slowly
from molten rock, allowing crystals time to
grow.
Had it formed near the surface, the crystals
within it would have been a lot smaller as
it would have cooled a lot quicker.
Opportunity was never alone on Mars.
It had a sister rover named Spirit, which
was exploring the other side of the planet
at the same time.
They both landed on Mars at roughly the same
time, and had both far exceeded their original

English: 
expected life span of 90 sols, at this point
they were 1900 sols into the mission.
Although, just like Opportunity up until this
point, Spirit had encountered some mechanical
failures too.
Most notably, one of its front wheels jammed
only 700 sols into its mission, meaning it
dragged this wheel along as it travelled.
In a way, I almost think Spirit was NASA’s
darling between the two rovers, Spirit often
got more media attention for the things it
was discovering on the planet.
However, it was around the time Opportunity
explored those rocks that Spirit, on the other
side of the planet, attempted to drive over
a sand dune and got its wheels stuck deeply
in the sand.
Spirit’s operators began the long process
of attempting to get it unstuck through simulations
and testing on Earth based replicas.

Serbian: 
planirani životni vek od 90 sola. U ovom momentu su već bili na Marsu 1900 sola.
Mada, kao i Oportjuniti do ovog momenta, Spirit je doživeo nekoliko mehaničkih kvarova.
 
Najočigledniji je bio taj da je jedan od prednjih točkova ostao zaglavljen na 700 sol misije,
što je značilo da će rover vući taj točak kako misija traje.
Na neki način, čini mi se da je Spirit bio "omiljeno dete" NASA naučnika,
Spirit je dobijao više medijske pažnje za stvari koje je otkrio na planeti.
Međutim u vreme kada je Oportjuniti istraživao ove stene, sa druge strane planete
Spirit je probao da pređe preko peščane dine i točkovi su mu se duboko zaglavili
u pesku.
Spiritovi operatori su počeli dug proces pokušavanja da izbave rover kroz
simulacije i testiranje na replikama koje su bile na Zemlji.

English: 
Meanwhile, Opportunity carried on its long
journey to Endeavour.
By Sol 2138, Opportunity finally reached a
landmark of note, Concepción crater.
It is only 10m wide, but probably the youngest
crater visited yet, evidenced by the exposed
rubble and ejecta.
Nothing particularly new was found there compared
to any of the bedrock Opportunity has examined
in the past, which was simply sulphate rich
sandstone containing peppercorn size spheres,
known as blueberries.
At least the crater provided a contrast to
the vast expanse of rolling sand dunes.
Eight months had passed since Spirit got stuck
in the dune.
The sand that enveloped its wheels was particularly
fine, and the process of excavating Spirit
was exasperated by its jammed wheel.

Serbian: 
U međuvremenu, Oportjuniti je nastavio svoj dugački put ka Endevoru.
Na sol 2138 Oportjuniti je konačno stigao do znamenite tačke, Krater Začetka.
Širok je samo 10 metara ali je najverovatnije najskoriji krater koji je posećen
što se da zaključiti na osnovu krša i materijala koji je izbačen okolo.
Ništa specijalno nije otkriveno tu u odnosu na ostale stene koje je Oportjuniti istražio
to je bio samo peščanik sačinjen od sulfata i koji je sadržao sićušne kuglice
poznatije kao "borovnice".
Makar je krater pružao suprotnost nepreglednim ravnicama punih peščanih dina.
Prošlo je 8 meseci od kako je Spirit zaglavljen u dini.
Pesak koji je prekrio njegove točkove je bio izuzetno fin i proces izbavljenja
je otežan zbog točka koji je bio zakočen.

Serbian: 
Tokom procesa izbavljenja još jedan točak se zakočio što je značilo da samo 4 od 6 točkova funkcionišu.
 
Marsovska zima je se približavala Spiritu i to je značilo da će primati sve manje i manje sunčeve svetlosti
kako bi punio svoje baterije, kada se iznenada desila električna greška na roveru
i njegovi sistemi su se otkačili od baterije.
Spirit je zanemeo.
Kontrolori misije su mesecima pokušavali da uspostave kontakt sa roverom ali je NASA
na kraju proglasila kraj Spiritove misije.
Prvi put od sletanja na Mars, Oportjuniti je bio sam.
Dugački put preko kolometara peščanih dina kako bi se došlo do Endevora je
bio vrlo naporan za rovera.
Zbog zabrinutosti da se ne ponovi situacija sa Spiritom, kontrolori misije

English: 
During this recovery process, another of Spirit’s
wheels jammed, meaning only 4 of the 6 now
worked.
The Martian winter approached for Spirit,
and it was getting less and less sunlight
to power its batteries, until finally, a low
power fault occurred on the rover, and its
systems disconnected from the battery.
Spirit went silent.
Mission controllers attempted for months afterwards
to regain contact with the rover, but NASA
eventually called an end to Spirit’s mission.
For the first time since it landed, Opportunity
was now alone on Mars.
Opportunity’s long slog over kilometres
of sand dunes to reach Endeavour was becoming
taxing for the rover.
Perhaps overly anxious not to have a repeat
of what happened to Spirit, mission controllers

Serbian: 
su odlučili da promene rutu Oportjunitija na dužu verziju ali
onu koja je sigurnija.
Ova ruta bi rover dovela do kratera Sveta Marija.
Na sol 2244 Oportjuniti je postavio novi rekor za najdužu misiju na Marsu
pobedivši rekord misije Viking 1.
Oportjuniti je mogao da vidi ivicu kratera Endevor, uočivši znamenite tačke poput
Kejp Tribjulejšn, Kejp Bajron i Kejp Dromedari.
Ipak, i 100 sola kasnije, bio je tek na pola puta između Viktorije i Endevora.
Imao je brz progres ako se uzme u obzir da je imao maksimalnu brzinu od 5 cm u sekundi, a u većini slučajeva
je išao duplo manje od te brzine sa čestim zaustavljanjima zbog
problematičnih peščanih dina.
Na ovom ubrzanom snimku, uočićete da su tragovi ispred rovera.
To je iz razloga što na roveru postoji navigaciona kamera sa zadnje strane

English: 
decided to reroute Opportunity’s course,
a longer route but hopefully a less arduous
one.
This route would also take it by what was
named Santa Maria crater.
By sol 2244, Opportunity set a new record
for the longest lasting mission on Mars, finally
beating Viking I’s mission duration.
Opportunity could begin to see the rim of
Endeavour, spotting the landmarks of Cape
Tribulation, Cape Byron and Cape Dromedary.
However, even 100 sols later, it was only
halfway to Endeavour from Victoria.
It had made good time, considering it has
a top speed of 5cm per second, and often went
half of that to be safe, with frequent stops
to look out for potentially problematic sand
dunes.
You’ll notice the rover’s tracks are ahead
of the rover in this time lapse.
This is because there is also a navigational
camera on the back of Opportunity, allowing

Serbian: 
što omogućaca roveru da podjednako vozi unazad i unapred kako bi ujednačio trošenje pogonskih motora.
Mada, još jedan razlog za vožnju unazad je bila zaštita ispružene ruke Oportjunitija
koja je bila zaglavljena u tom položaju, što smo videli u prethodnoj epizodi.
Na sol 2449 Oportjuniti je konačno stigao do kratera Sveta Marija.
Širine 90 metara, taj krater je bio važan kontrolorima misije
zato što su već postojali dokazi o postojanju minerala hidriranih sulfata na tom mestu.
Kao što sam već rekao, hidrirani minerali jedino mogu da se formiraju pod velikim površinama vode tokom dugo vremena
tako da je ovo bio uzbudljivi predznak za buduća istraživanja oko
Endevora koji je bio na još 2 godine putovanja daleko.
Oportjuniti je takođe zastao ovde kako bi uslikao fantastične time lapse  snimke zalaska sunca na Marsu

English: 
it to drive forwards or in reverse to evenly
distribute wear and tear on the motors.
Although, another reason right now was to
protect Opportunity’s extended arm, which
as I mentioned in the last episode, got stuck
in this position.
On sol 2449, Opportunity finally arrived at
Santa Maria crater.
It’s a 90-meter-wide crater, and was important
to mission controllers as there was already
evidence here of hydrated sulphate minerals.
As I mentioned, hydrated minerals can only
form under bodies of water over extended periods
of time, so this was an exciting precursor
to what they wanted to really investigate
around Endeavour, which was still a tantalising
two-year journey away.
Opportunity also stopped here to take a spectacular
time lapse of a Martian sunset or two, with

Serbian: 
a na jednom se vidi prolazak Fobosa, Marsovog najvećeg meseca, preko površine Sunca.
U ovoj epizodi su sažete 2 godine putovanja.
Oportjuniti je nastavio snažno nakon produžetka originalne misije od 90 sola
i čak je nadživeo i sestrinski rover Spirit.
Rover i tim misije su dobili zasluženi odmor kod Svete Marije, provevši 3 meseca
istražujući stene i otkrivajući istoriju Marsa.
Nakon toga, Oportjuniti se ustremio ka "tački Spirit",
mestu na obodu Endevora nazvanom po misiji
koja je završena sa druge strane planete.
A ovo putovanje ćemo ostaviti za sledeću epizodu!
Svaki dan Brilliant publikuje dnevne izazove koji pružaju brzi uvid u
matematiku, logiku, nauku, inženjerstvo ili kompjuterske nauke.
Ja uvek tražim naučne izazove  poput ove: Da li je Sunčeva energija dovoljna da
se zamene fosilna goriva?

English: 
one of the time lapses showing a transit of
Mars biggest moon Phobos across the Sun.
Over two Earth years had passed in just this
one episode.
Opportunity had soldiered on well beyond its
expected mission lifetime of 90 sols, and
even outlived its sister rover Spirit.
It and the mission team had earned a rest
at Santa Maria, and they all spent three months
happily examining rocks and unlocking secrets
about the history of Mars.
After that, it was onward and upwards for
Opportunity towards Spirit Point, a point
around the rim of Endeavour, an inspiring
commemoration of the mission’s loss on the
other side of the planet.
And we will save this journey for the next
episode!
Every day, Brilliant publishes Daily Challenges
that provide a quick and fascinating view
into math, logic, science, engineering, or
computer science.
I always look out for the science challenges
myself, like Is the Sun's energy enough to
replace fossil fuels?

Serbian: 
Ili kako smo otkrili eksoplanete?
Ako vam se sviđa izazov, uvek postoji neki kurs u koji možete ući dublje,
a sada uz aplikaciju Brilliant , možete pohađati njihov interaktivni kurs
bilo gde da ste!
Dakle da bi podržali Astrum i dobili neograničen pristup kursevima na Brilliant kao i dnevnim izazovima,
idite na brilliant.org/astrum kako bi dobili 20% popusta na njihovu Premium prijavu
Hvala na pažnji
Pronađite plejlistu za ovu misiju ovde, za prethodne i buduće epizode.
Prijavite se za više Astrum sadržaja, i kao i uvek, veoma se zahvaljujem mojim podršavaocima na Patreon
koji pomažu ovaj kanal.
Ako želite i vi da podržite, link je ovde.
Sve najbolje i vidimo se sledeći put.

English: 
Or how do we discover exoplanets?
If you like the challenge, there is always
a related course you can delve deeper into,
and now thanks to Brilliant's mobile app,
you can take their interactive courses offline
and on the go with you!
So to support Astrum and get unlimited access
to Brilliant's courses and Daily Challenges,
head over to brilliant.org/astrum/ to get
20% off their annual Premium subscription.
Thanks for watching!
Find the episode playlist for this mission
here for previous and future episodes.
Subscribe for more from Astrum, and as always,
a big thank you to my Patreons who support
the channel.
If you would like to support too, find the
link here.
All the best, and see you next time.
