With the 2016 US Presidential election in
full swing, many candidates have fallen back
on praising American democracy.
In an interview with Time, Hillary Clinton
said “we have to knit this democracy back
together”.
Clearly, the presidential election is the
purest expression of the democratic process…
right?
Well, not exactly.
In fact, not only is the election non-democratic,
but America itself is not a real democracy.
It turns out that there are almost no modern
countries which would be considered “true
democracies”.
Instead, countries we considered democratic,
are actually forms of “representative democracy”,
as opposed to a “direct democracy”.
In a representative democracy, citizens vote
for elected officials, who collectively vote
in the place of citizens, and are expected
to represent their best interests.
Although that’s a step above having a king
or oligarchy you didn’t vote for, it isn’t
a direct democracy.
A direct democracy enables citizens to vote
directly on every law, ordinance, and appointment.
Only in Switzerland are there small regions
with forms of direct democracy, although the
country as a whole is still representative.
In the United States, citizens instead vote
for Congresspeople, who represent their constituents.
In the case of the presidential election,
citizens don’t even vote for the president.
Instead they vote for their state’s position
in the electoral college.
This is where every state is given a certain
number of votes, and all those votes go towards
whichever candidate is chosen by the majority.
The state’s electoral votes are intended
to represent the state’s population, but
the country’s popular vote does not decide
elections.
In the year 2000, Al Gore lost the US election
but actually got MORE votes than George W.
Bush!
So, doesn’t this subvert the founding father’s
original intention?
No!
It was the founding fathers
themselves who made sure there was not a direct
democracy.
In the Federalist Papers, James Madison wrote
that democracies were spectacles of turbulence
and contention, and incompatible with personal
security or property rights.
The problem with a direct democracy is that
it often leads to the “tyranny of the majority”.
This is when small groups are oppressed because
the majority is unaffected by their oppression.
Instead, modern representative democracy allows
disproportionate representation and protection
to those minority groups.
There are also certain rights which are enumerated
in the constitution, instead of allowing the
public to vote on them.
This system combined makes the US a constitutional
republic, and not a true democracy.
In a nutshell, the United States, and other
modern democracies, have no real reason to
be truly democratic.
Not only does a representative government
function more smoothly, it takes care of those
who would otherwise be ignored.
With the exceptions of some local governments
which do see direct democracy from their citizens,
the rest find it easier to choose someone
who represents their interests.
So, why isn’t America a true democracy?
Because according to the founding fathers,
a “true democracy” simply doesn’t work.
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And you should also be glad what while the
US isn’t a real democracy, it also isn’t
a dictatorship.
There are still a lot of countries that have
dictators, and you can check out this video
to find out which ones do.
Thanks for watching!
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