well thank you very much I like thank
CrossFit for supporting and Greg and
also like to thank Jeff Glassman for the
good questions that he asked us in the
past to validate some of our our
theories you know we need people like
that rather it's good to have people
that question the information that you
get that you present it makes us better
at explaining this so let me go to the
next slide here if I can okay no
financial disclosures all right so what
I'd like to do I have to start this off
is basically to present a report card on
our approach to managing cancer and as I
said I'm going to speak to you today
about cancer in general and also focus
on specific types of cancer in
particular glioblastoma as kind of an
illustrative examples of our approach to
managing the disease so let's look now
these are numbers that we can take from
the American Cancer Society and they
publish every year data on the the I
guess the war on cancer the success that
we're having so I compiled just over the
last five years this is 2013 to 2017 and
you can see these are pretty sobering
numbers you know we break them down into
new cases deaths per year in desparate a
simply dividing by 365 give kind of an
estimate and you'll notice that the
deaths per day and year are exceeding
that of the new cases not good just to
put things into perspective the
population increase in the United States
over the same the same period of time
was about 2.9 percent so so you know how
is this war on cancer going right you
look at the numbers you can make your
own decision these are numbers you don't
see on TV right you see opdivo and
katroo - and
it's not kind of stuff but you don't see
the the constant increase in deaths per
day so the question we have to ask
ourselves you know what's going on here
you know what how can we we're not
getting success here this is a failure
of monumental proportions right the
numbers these are large numbers in
China's 8,000 over 8,000 a day in China
dying from cancer cancer is already
superseded heart disease in China so you
know we go out and we raise money for
cancer right you all know run jump I
don't know if you do Cross Fit for
cancer but but everybody raises money
for cancer makes them feel good nobody
asks how much of the money that we raise
goes to cancer research and what's more
important kind of research you're doing
with all that money
the federal government spending millions
of dollars on cancer research people are
raising money stand up to cancer look at
more the more money we raise for cancer
the more cancer we get so you have to
say what is going on here how do you
explain this and it has to do with a
fundamental misunderstanding of what the
nature of this disease is we've been led
to believe that this is a genetic
disease and I'll present evidence to say
that it's not and we know that there's
his a simple cartoon of a cell with a
nucleus and mitochondria and cell
membrane so we know there are mutations
in the nucleus but we also know that in
the mitochondria their defects as well
and I'll be showing you data that shows
that the origin of this disease is a
mitochondrial metabolic abnormality it's
not a nuclear genetic disease and the
mutations that you see in the nucleus
are actually coming from reactive oxygen
species produced by the mitochondria so
what the entire field has been doing
over the last six or seven decks a
decades is chasing red herrings
consequently you have sixteen hundred
people a day dying from the disease so
the current Dogma is cancers a genetic
disease and this is solidified in this
major paper hallmarks of cancer by
Hanahan and Weinberg one of the more
highly cited papers in the entire cancer
field and what they say is cancer cells
carry the oncogenic and tumor suppressor
mutations that define
cancer as a genetic disease and and we
say it's a Dogma because it's presented
as if it's an irrefutable truth
something that said dogmas are no longer
questioned it's at this solidified
viewpoint and if you go into any
textbook of biology biochemistry or cell
biology and you go to the cancer section
as cancers of genetic disease you go on
to the NCI website national cancer
institute cancer is a genetic disease
there's no discussion about anything
other than the fact that cancer is a
genetic disease many of you went to
medical school you probably got cancer
is a genetic disease although all the
college courses on cell biology cancers
a genetic disease
so what this concept has done now is
indoctrinated several generations of
scientists and physicians into this
viewpoint that cancer is a genetic
disease the somatic mutation theory is
the is the foundation upon which the
viewpoint of cancer is a genetic disease
is based and basically what the somatic
mutation theory says is that well we get
random mutations random mutations that
accumulate and eventually you convert a
normal appearing cell into this
dysmorphic malignant mizenko mo Mo's n
Komal kind of cell but nobody really
knows how many mutations it takes to
cause or to be related to the formation
of a tumor is it one to four you know
this michael stratton from the UK says
we're going to have a hundred million
genes gonna be found and looking at the
deep sequencing coming out of the Broad
Institute in these various places
thousands and thousands and thousands of
mutations have been identified and then
they have to label them with different
names drivers and passengers and go
along and get a whole bunch of stuff
going on with with with going to and we
don't talk about those cancers that have
no mutations kind of like I know I'm
discussed so where does it all be to us
journey to manage
personalized therapy precision medicine
all this is based on the viewpoint of
cancer is a genetic disease so you have
these kinds of images here you know this
woman staring into a screen and she's
looking at the breast cancer information
to see if this thing's extra copies of
the particular gene which will be
useless maybe a diagnostic possibly some
sort of therapeutic application
information you need to do needle biopsy
so you have to take a needle biopsy of a
particular tissue in this case it would
be a breast dance rather so you stare
the tissue and in the process of
stamping the tissue to get the
information that she's looking at on
that screen you can change the micro
environment of that tissue you have
content you have potentially taken a
prequel in that state and by stabbing it
to get this information you have now put
that person at risk yeah very
interesting the information that you get
for this kind of screen is about seven
thousand two hundred dollars oh we have
this we have this kind of battery of
genes
now this redeeming process of taking the
phenomena is called inflammatory uncle
taxes by it's an observer effect by
looking at it you've changed it now I
want to talk to you about the evidence
that does not support the somatic
mutation theory of cancer and whenever
you challenge any kind of a solidified
Dogma you always get the same response
we saw one of these images yesterday
this comes from Nikko Japan these the de
Nikko monkeys I went to Japan actually
they have carvings of them a little bit
different than this but it's basically
you don't want to look at the data you
don't want to talk about it you don't
want to hear about it anything that
challenges your worldview I don't care
if it's a religion a political
philosophy a scientific concept you know
generally you get this kind of a
response I know it's hard it's hard for
people to look at things differently so
what I did in Chapter eleven in my book
this is a paper that I wrote a couple of
years after to bring up to date more and
of the issues associated with
information that does not support the
somatic mutation theory and all I did
was take articles from the literature
that had been spattered about for years
and brought them all together in one
group of papers and evaluate
re-evaluated the information from those
papers in light of the two competing
theories for the origin of the disease
so bring them all together and then look
at the data and then say do the data
support which which did the data support
more strongly one one hypothesis or
theory over the other and you come to
the conclusion that the somatic mutation
theory makes no sense
relative to the mitochondrial metabolic
theory and you know it's very
interesting about this when Gary gave
his talk yesterday about the the the
difficulty in reproducing findings I
find it remarkable that these different
kinds of experiments were done by
different individuals different tumor
types different protocols but all coming
to a similar kind of conclusion that
does not support the somatic mutation
theory but more strongly supports out of
Warburg's theory of disturbed energy
metabolism so let's just look at a
couple of and you know the important
point about this paper it's don't let
anyone tell you what they think about it
you're smart people I tell people read
the original paper and you come to your
own conclusion you make your own
decision don't s anyway what do you
think of that paper maybe it's no good
you can't believe how many people take
in information second third hand rather
than going through the original source
read it you make your decision oh well I
could do what dr. Glassman did hit me
with a thousand questions and I'll have
be happy to answer them so let's look at
some of the data now this was done by
McKinnell and his group published in
science in 1969 I had the chance to
speak with dr. McKenna before he passed
away a couple years ago we discussed
these data at length so this frog is a
it has a massive renal tumor on the
kidney it's a kidney tumor kills the
frogs very aggressive so what McKinnell
in his group did is they took this state
they captured the isolated cells
this kidney tumor and then they took the
nucleus out of out of that the kidney
tumor and put it into a fertilized egg
the the original nucleus of the egg was
was removed so right here so here's the
tumor cell you take the nucleus that has
the tumor suppressors and oncogenes and
whatever and you put it into this new
cytoplasm that has normal mitochondria
and you get a tadpole and the tadpole is
shown here and they looked very
carefully there was no evidence of the
signature feature of cancer dysregulated
cell growth anywhere everything was
looked perfectly normal the problem is
this tadpole could not fully develop
into a mature frog
so whatever those problem in the tumor
nucleus it was not allowing the organism
to fully defer mature so it didn't cause
cancer it block development these
findings are inconsistent with the
somatic mutation theory which says that
the genes are causing the phenotype of
dysregulated cell growth so another
paper I'm only going to give you through
I put a whole bunch of these I could
take you know two days going over the
experiments but I'm just going to show
you a few of them now this was by Rudy
and his colleagues at MIT and Rudy's one
of the best most preeminent
developmental biologists and he he
cloned he took these melanoma malignant
melanoma cells that and he characterized
all the mutations in the nucleus of the
melanoma cell and then took the nucleus
and made embryonic stem cells and clone
mice from the nucleus of a melanoma and
yet anyway he says here the presence of
major genetic abnormalities in embryonic
mice cloned from the tumor nuclei
provides unequivocal genomic evidence
that the mice were cloned from the tumor
nucleus but they did not show and he
dysregulated cell growth these findings
are inconsistent with the somatic
mutation theory of cancer and there was
another series of experiments that were
done by dr. Wang and her group at Baylor
College of Medicine where they swap a
swap day of mitochondria from one cell
to the next these are much much more
difficult experiments than the nuclear
transfer experiments okay
so they take aggressive malignant
metastatic breast cancer cells remove
the mitochondria from the cytoplasm and
bring in normal mitochondria from normal
cells that don't have cancer and the
oncogenes and the abnormal growth was
rest on the other hand if you took the
mitochondria from the aggressive breast
cancer cells and put them into an
indolent cell a type of low growth
cancer they exploded it's a high growth
so you've got a complete a very
different the mitochondria calling the
shots not the nucleus so what we did to
kind of convey and summarize all of
these data from all these kinds of
nuclear mitochondrial transfer
experiments in this simple diagram which
now is making its way through the
through the web and and what I show here
is the green cell which is a normal
cells normal cells begin to have a
normal genome they have normal
respiration the red cell is the tumor
cell tumor cells to get tumor cells one
tumor cell gets more tumor cells they
have genetic defects in the nucleus and
they also have defects in the
mitochondria now what is corage in' of
the disease is that they defects in the
nucleus or is that the defects in the
mitochondria the nuclear transfer and
mitochondrial transfer experiments
provide evidence for this
take the red nucleus and move it into
the green cytoplasm and you get normal
cells that behave normally grow normally
form normal tissues sometimes organs and
sometimes hold mice or frogs on the
other hand like Israel Schaffer did they
took the green nucleus and put it into
the red cytoplasm and in that case you
either got dead cells or tumor cells you
did not get normal cells these are the
exact opposite findings you would expect
if this was ease or a genetic disease
these are the strongest evidence to date
to come to undermine the the the gene
theory of cancer the strongest evidence
no one has yet been able to explain how
we get all these findings based on the
somatic mutation theory of cancer so if
that's the case why is the field
continuing to persist with therapies
that are based on a flawed underlying
hypothesis so somatic mutations are not
the origin of cancer how do you how do
we get cancer cells well Otto Warburg
described this a long time ago back in
the early part of the 20th century
cancer cells arise from damage to the
respiration energy through fermentation
gradually compensates for the
insufficient respiration cancer cells
continue to ferment lactic acid in the
presence of oxygen this is called the
Warburg effect and unfortunately the
Warburg effect has significantly
confused this field making it confusing
to a lot of people
because they said well there's some
tumor cells that don't show a Warburg
effect therefore they're not using
therefore Otto Warburg must be wrong
well myself and my colleague like some
of our colleagues we we propose not only
that cancer cells can ferment sugar but
they can also ferment the amino acids
and that mean OS is primarily glutamine
through the suction helicoid like a step
and this is this is not well known to a
lot of people and and basically it's the
missing link in Warburg central theory
so the cells are fermenting but they
confront only lactic acid they can
ferment amino acids and particularly
glutamine and I'll present evidence for
that enhanced fermentation is the
signature metabolic malady of all cancer
cells now if we take a tumor and we look
at this tumor and we separate the cells
of the tumor every single cell in that
tumor has a different genetic profile to
cells in that tumor have the same kinds
of mutations this has been demonstrated
over and over and over again however
every cell in that tumor is fermenting
now the question I asked to you is it
more logical to focus on the common
problem that exists in all of the cells
of the tumor or do you think it makes
more sense to focus on the individual
unique differences in every cell in that
tumor right I mean the answer should be
clear wrong we focus on the unique
individual differences at the expense of
the common pathophysiology and that's
what we call the somatic mutation theory
of cancer consequently we get 1,600
people at a time now let's look at this
energy alright so in our normal
situation this is a cartoon of just the
mitochondria and WIPP so most of the
energy that we get in our body comes
from breathing about 89 to 90 percent
through oxidative phosphorylation
respiration we get smaller amounts of
energy through these ancient pathways of
substrate-level phosphorylation in the
cytoplasm in the form of glycolysis and
in the mitochondrial krebs cycle in the
forms of the sucks in Ocoee like a step
and we all know this is this is a
biochemistry right so we're all
breathing we're all I think any zombies
out here they don't breathe but the
issue is most of us breathe and when you
exercise you breathe more and you can do
this is
where we get our energy from right okay
look at the cancer cell now okay this is
the same picture but you'll notice
there's a major shift and where the
energy is coming from much less energy
is coming out of oxidative
phosphorylation and a lot more is coming
from these ancient primitive pathways
substrate level phosphorylation and you
see that we now know and we're learning
more than a majority of the energy is
coming out of the mitochondria but not
through ox fox but through the Krebs
cycle this is uh this is the new thing
that we're talking about this is the
missing link in Warburg's theory so what
we get a lot of energy from fermentation
metabolism these are coal forty can get
energy without oxygen and this is where
the cancer cells are getting their
energy from so people say well how do we
get cancer then so what we have to do is
take all of the data that was published
in the cancer field over the last you
know a hundred years and just
reconfigure it along with Hanahan and
Weinberg hallmarks just take the
information and just rearrange the the
picture and now we can put together in a
more logical way the origin how we get
cancer and eventually and once we know
that then we'll know how to manage the
disease it becomes much more clear to do
that so what we have here on the left is
the mitochondria and the yousa how do
you get cancer well you can get cancer
from any number of different things all
right
carcinogens cause cancer you can get
cancer if you're exposed to carcinogens
you get radiation will cause cancer
hypoxia absence of oxygen can cause
cancer systemic inflammation we heard
from where the talks that you know Axl
was telling us about the systemic
inflammation and others you know a rare
inherited mutations people so it must be
a genetic because you know you get
bracket1 and relief from any Angelina
Jolie has her breasts and ovaries
removed from the bracket1 she's trying
to reduce her risk that that's all
secondary that it's secondary because
those bracket1 mutation does not cause
cancer elicit damages the respiration
and there are people around that have
bracket ones will never get cancer
because the gene is not damaging the
respiration Racicot gene damages
respiration hepatitis C papilloma
viruses enter and dermis damaged
respiration they all do you get you get
so this was referred to as the oncogenic
paradox alright this was first pointed
out by albert st. gurgi who said hey you
know there's so many different ways to
get cancer but the common
pathophysiological mechanisms
mechanism is not clear okay well once
you understand it's a mitochondrial
metabolic disease the mechanism becomes
very clear and and and if you read Sid
Mukherjee's book on the emperor of all
maladies that one that was on the New
York Times bestseller and it was the
Pulitzer Prize winning book on the
uncanny struggles with this if you read
page 285 and 3:03 in his book you know
it's just like you know we don't this is
like that we just can't figure out how
you get cancer from all these different
things you get cancer from all these
different things because they damage
respiration and they form reactive
oxygen species and reactive oxygen
species are carcinogenic and mutagenic
so the mutations that you see in the
nucleus that everybody is following
these red herrings are all coming as a
secondary cause to the damage to the
respiration they're not the cause of the
effects all right and then when the Ross
come out they damage further the
respiration the cells are suffocating
where are they going to get their energy
they have to upregulate substrate level
phosphorylation so you see the green
line going down and the red line
substrate level phosphorylation which
means a fermentation metabolism so what
are they fermenting they're fermenting
glucose and glutamine those are the two
fuels that are driving up the energy
because without energy nothing lives
period energy is everything without
energy you don't survive so what's
happening with these cells is they're
shifting their energy away from
respiration to a fermentation metabolism
using available fermentable fuels so now
we can put together all of the hallmarks
of cancer in a more logical way all link
back to damage to the respiration so the
first three hallmarks of Hanahan and
Weinberg are all the results of the cell
falling back on its default state the
state that the cells had before oxygen
came into the atmosphere some 2.5
billion years ago where everything on
the planet was fermenting they were
fermenting amino acids and whatever else
they can get so and during that period
of time the cells were in a state of
unbridled proliferation and they would
proliferate like crazy until the
fermentable fuels in the micro
environment disappeared and they croaked
so and they're throw out all this waste
material it's in a micro environment
leading to vascular ization or
angiogenesis another multibillion-dollar
industry
that's all based on in you know indirect
findings okay then you say well
cancer cell is starting to suffocate it
should die right yeah it sure going to
go program cell death and drop dead it's
called apoptosis well why they why are
they not going under apoptosis because
the mitochondria controlled the a
pathetic signalling system in the cell
they are the kill switch and your kill
switch is broken and these cells are now
bypassing apoptosis they're not dying
they're proliferating so the big dog in
this whole thing is metastasis okay I
can you know I can agree with this where
do you get metastasis from which is
ultimately the biggest challenge in
managing cancer is trying to control
when it spreads through your body and we
now you have to understand the biology
of the disease once you understand the
biology of the disease you can start
putting the pieces of the puzzle
together here's some blue cells they're
columnar epithelial they could be in the
breast the colon or wherever they get
damaged by any one of the provocative
agents in the microenvironment they
start are entering the default state
they start proliferating our body has a
sensory system to know what's going on
it looks like an unhealed wound so we
have cells our immune system that come
in to these places to heal wounds and
these are mostly macrophages so they
sense this chemically in the blood they
come in out of the bloodstream and they
go right to these incipient cancer cells
growths of cells to put out the fire
heal the wound and then heal the tissue
the problem is they throw out growth
factors and cytokines which are actually
stimulatory towards these cells which
lost their growth control because of
their fermentation behavior now they're
making this worse and it's the wrong
context now what these red cells are
immune cells do is to facilitate wound
healing they fuse together very few so
genic cells well documented in the
scientific literature so what's
happening then with this continual
fusion in this muck this micro
environment you're diluting the
cytoplasm of the red cell with the
cytoplasm of the tumor cell thereby
shifting the the the the immune cells
from from a respiratory system to a
fermentation locked in now these cells
are already genetically programmed to
enter and exit the bloodstream you don't
have to have this epithelial mesenchymal
transition makes absolutely no sense
this is the gene theory explanation for
metastasis this is the real thing and we
have evidence to support that in a
number of different ways so you now have
a rogue cell
part of her immune system that's already
programmed to spread through your body
very difficult they're already living
the program to live in hypoxic
environments therefore anti-angiogenic
things probably won't work and they
haven't worked so we now know the
biology of the metastatic cell it's a
rogue macrophage what do they eat they
eat glucose and glutamine okay we know
that so now if most cancer cells obtain
energy through fermentation what
therapies might be effective in managing
well one of the things collage eclis is
simply take away from intimal fuels and
replace the body with non fermentable
fuels and one of the ways to do that is
stop eating calorie restriction
ketogenic diets these kinds of things
what they do is they they they're very
their diet restrictions they they differ
from starvation they maintain normal
levels of minerals they enhance
mitochondrial biogenesis and also they
replace fermentable if you can't ferment
ketone bodies you need good respiration
for ketone bodies so you're gonna you're
gonna remove the glucose lower it down
and raise the ketone bodies which the
normal cells are going to shift over to
and the tumor cells are gonna be more
lazy can't use the ketone bodies and
don't forget we just heard from Michael
about the the basal metabolic rate I do
this in the mice the mice we give 40
percent calorie restriction but that's
like water only fasting in humans okay
people have to have to realize that
because the Sevenfold difference in
basil basil my metabolic rate so
ketogenic diets a lot of a lot of
misinformation on misunderstanding
basically these are low carb diets high
fat diets but it's the types of fats and
proteins that play an important role of
time to talk about that but basically
you eat these diets in a restricted
amount ketogenic diet unfortunately was
labeled with the word diet alright when
a you could diet everything becomes like
mysterious and things it's a medicine
ketogenic diet is a medicine it's called
ketogenic metabolic therapy and it
should be respected as a medicine if
it's not used properly it won't work
just like any medicine not to say that
it will harm you but if you do eat too
much ketogenic diet you can in fact get
insulin sensitivity so there there are
we worked in the epilepsy field for
years and we understand how some of
these diets can be not as effective as
they should be but the whole strategy is
not complicated alright if the tumor
cell needs fermentable fuel then you
take the from fermentable fuel away from
the tumor cell and you transition the
body
an on fermentable status so you lower
the blood sugar that the tumor cells
need and you elevate ketone bodies which
the tumor cells can't use but the normal
cells can you just simply marginalized
the tumor now the tumor needs fuel it
can't live without energy where's this
getting fermenting you're taking away a
prime fuel what's going to happen to
those tumor cells they're either going
to die or they going to slow down and
that's what happens now the first person
that did this work was Linda nibbling
and in a human situation I should say
she took too little hope of children
hopeless cases brutalized brutalized by
the system if you read her PhD
dissertation you'd be a crushed about
what they did to these little kids they
surgically mutilated them get massive
doses at chemo radiation all kinds of
stuff and they gave him up for hopeless
they said these kids aren't going to
live more than two or three months she
says can I try a ketogenic diet she was
a nursing getting her PhD in nursing
yeah what what that said you know what
it's not gonna do should they they don't
have long so so anyway she rescued both
of these kids their quality of life
improved dramatically they live far
longer than what was predicted and it
was based on the whole shift of the
body's metabolism I said wow this is
unbelievable this was back in 1995 and I
said to my students I says you know we
see we should try some of that with our
brain cancer and the mice and we were
building these animal models of
beautiful animal models of human brain
cancers and we have the CT 2/8 of neural
stem cell tumor everybody's excited
about neural stem cell cancers so anyway
we just gave him 40 percent standard dye
as a high carb diets and the same diet
restricted by 40 percent which is like a
water only therapeutic fast in humans
and these tumors once started to shrink
big time you know go down 60 to 85
percent reduction in size and we say
jeez what you know this is like wow you
know I never saw anything like this
before I'm so powerful what's going on
so then we analyze using linear
regression analysis using glucose as the
independent variable and either ketones
or tumor weight as as the as the
independent or the dependent variables
in glucose as the independent each
square is an animal on a different diet
and you can see on the left here as
blood sugar goes down ketones go up and
this is an evolutionarily conserved
adaptation to food restriction bodies
they're not getting up the carbs we're
going to start mobilizing fats bring
them to the liver
chop them up make water-soluble ketone
bodies and these are going to go to the
the tissues and on the right blood the
blood sugar goes down the sides of the
tumor goes down the higher the sugar the
faster the tumor grows the lower the
glucose the slower the tumor grows right
so so the higher the sugar the faster
your tumor grows the lower the sugar the
slower your tumor grows some right so if
you want your tumor to grow fast get as
much get your blood sugar up as high as
it can get right so you go to con
ecology clinics and you see everybody
eating ice cream and cake and candies
right
don't they read the literature you know
this has been supported now in human
gliomas breast cancer colon cancer if
you want your tumor to grow fast get the
sugar as high as it can go now people
say well you know this looks wonderful
and great but you know this we don't
understand the make a bullshit you
understand we published so many papers
and so many other people published
papers on the mechanisms by which this
works
it's anti-angiogenic anti-inflammatory
pro Weipa tonic no cancer drug is known
that can do this without toxicity and
this can do it so we we and others have
shown many papers the molecular
mechanisms by which this process works
so when you hear people say well it's
not proven
there's no they don't read the
literature nor do they contribute to it
so this woman has this dog with with a
big mass tumor on his nose right Menka
now III she you know she listens to our
YouTube videos and reads our regular
papers right that's a layperson doesn't
every training in medicine or anything
so this dog has this big tumor she goes
to the Vale yeah we're gonna have to cut
it out and then we're gonna give
radiation and chemo about $10,000 maybe
the dog will live seven more months but
it's gonna be sick and blah blah you
know the same stuff she says no so she
goes to the butcher and she gets the
fresh chicken meat with the bones in it
cuts the calories by 40 percent throws
in some medium chain triglyceride oil
some raw egg the dog uses about five
percent of its body weight and you can
see the tumor starts to shrink and
disappear and and you know mink is still
alive today doing fine
this was back at how fast this the dog
responded and there's many dogs now
there they're putting through these
metabolic therapies
doing doing really well of course the
veterinarians who are all over me about
this they don't think they should feed
the raw meat to the dogs because of
salmonella poisoning give me a break
you know so I mean you ever see what
dogs eat it's like you know salmonella
poisoning so so you know you're looking
at this stuff and you're saying gee and
I think that a YouTube video on this for
the dog cancer thing you got 5.3 million
hits can you believe this
so the Tufts people are all out there
right and all these anti giving me all
kinds of grief I have the hell with them
you know okay now I want to talk about a
really serious issue you're a
glioblastoma multiforme II and this is a
really bad one poor prognosis and
unfortunately Senator John McCain is now
struggling with this kind of a tumor you
know it's it's it's a nasty nasty tumor
many multiple different kinds of cells
no effective therapy so you get a whole
bunch of different kinds of cells
consequently the name multi for me multi
for me highly invasive alright so when
you look at a brain tumor here's a
here's a poor soul that sacrificed their
brain for the study and you can see this
nasty necrotic area cysts large cysts
but if you look at the midline of the
brain you can see it shifted to the left
this is called midline shift okay so
these tumors grow and they cause
intracranial pressure and people die
from intracranial pressure and most of
the people who have these kinds of
tumors they and they and the problem is
you can't surgically resect them because
the tumor cells have already spread out
into the normal-appearing site and the
tumor cells one of the mechanisms they
use is they go across the surface of
blood vessels and the vehicle robbing
space so they slide they use these blood
vessels as kind of a railroad system to
get through the brain so it's very very
hard to any kind of surgical resection
and you can see them the blue the dark
blue cells around the blood vessels are
the where you can see on histology
histology will tell you so this is how
they spread through the brain and make
it very difficult to get resolution and
we all know that mitochondria abnormal
in brain cancer and this shows you a
picture of electron micrograph the only
way you can see mitochondria clearly is
Alec a.m. electron microscopy and the
stripes in the mitochondria are
contained the proteins
the lipids of the electron transport
chain that allow us to get energy
through oxidative phosphorylation so you
can see the nice stripes on the normal
mitochondria there and the GBM
mitochondria mitochondria glioblastoma
multiforme is called crystallises the
structure the very structure of the
organelle needed for oxidative
phosphorylation is missing anybody can
see that the emptiness in that
mitochondria the stripes are missing the
stripes are missing therefore the
oxidative phosphorylation is missing
therefore the cell must ferment in order
to survive everybody see that okay
there's a lot of papers in the
literature showing that yet many members
of my my field say mitochondria are
normal they obviously don't look at this
or they they don't want to see about
they ferment they have to ferment they
don't have the structure structure
dictates function without the structure
you can't get the function the function
is abnormal because the structure is
abnormal and my colleague Gabriel
Arizmendi Murillo has published many
beautiful papers on this so if you can't
get energy from oxidative
phosphorylation where do you get the
energy to drive the beast where is that
energy coming from it's coming from
glucose and glutamine the two prime
fuels that are going to drive the beast
they can't eat anything else it's not
there in sufficient quantity we did the
logistics on this these two fuels are
abundant in the micro environment so
they come in right they two together is
synergistic glucose glutamine they come
in they fire the glycolytic pathway the
pentose pathway the glycolytic petomane
Hollis's pathway driving energy from
substrate level phosphorylation making
all of the stuff the DNA RNA replication
these cells grow like crazy so what do
we do in the clinic ok so some poor soul
comes in diagnosed with a glioblastoma
devastating you know people don't know
what they're almost like they had you
just devastate it the patient's
devastated the family is devastated you
know you got this my god what's going on
here well we got to get you and cut that
tumor out right away sometimes you have
to do that as a herniation problem but
many times you don't you have a watchful
waiting period no no we get them in as
quickly as possible ok we're going to do
bulk the tumor surgeon gets a hope out
comes the tumor patients sitting there
wakes up oh wow hey you know how do you
feel pretty good okay now which as soon
as you're recover I'm going to start
giving you a radiation therapy so in the
brain neurons and glia have a very close
connection with each other intimate
relationship right it's called the
glutamine glutamate cycle
it keeps our neurotransmitters in
balance and everything is under control
you break that glutamine glutamine cycle
glutamate which is an excitatory
neurotransmitter comes out excites
neurons they die you get into chronic
death astrocytes take up the the
glutamate turn it into glutamine now
those tumor cells that have not been -
both will now sucking down the glutamine
created by not only the wound from the
surgeon but also the radiation that's
blowing the hell out of the
microenvironment in this tumor creating
a vast amount of glutamine which I just
said is one of the powerful fuels
driving the beast right now when you
take somebody and surgically resect in
to bulk them and then start radiating
their brain you start to get head
swelling brain swelling from the
radiation causing the heat in the edema
to reduce the edema we give them
high-dose steroids
I though steroids create hyperglycemia
right glucose glucose and glutamine are
now created by the very procedures that
are used to treat the patient to make
matters worse it 90% of the brain tumor
cells are infected with human
cytomegalovirus which is a supercharger
for allowing the tumor cells to use
glucose and glutamine so I published
this paper in Lancet Oncology saying
that the standard of care contributes to
the growth and the recurrence of the
tumor based on hard biochemical evidence
what do you think the response is you
don't want to hear about it now let's
test the hypothesis about what I just
said okay look at the results from
treating patients with brain tumors with
the standard of care so we have two
lines here the redline of those
individuals that got radiation alone and
the blue line are those individuals get
radiation coupled with the toxic
alkylating agent called temozolomide
and this the fact that temozolomide
could had could contribute a little bit
to survival was the single greatest
advance in glioblastoma management in
the last 50 years can you believe this I
was at the prep that when they send this
now look at the red line the guys that
got the radiation alone how many
survivors came out of the study what's
that
down at the end there zero this has been
reproduced you want to know about
replicating data this has been
reproduced in every country in the world
over and over again nothing is more
certain than a radiating people and
having them all dead now we throw in
temozolomide but hey listen temas all of
mine is doing something Wow making a few
you get a few extra survivors from this
so I said to myself and my students what
does 10 is only so we looked and we
found out the adverse effects of
temozolomide are diarrhea vomiting
nausea and fatigue wow these are all
indirect forms of calorie restriction so
we published and we said we think that
blip is due to cala indirect calorie
restriction how do you think if you
think anybody ran out to test that
hypothesis no you know and temozolomide
also increases driver mutations what the
hell does that mean
shouldn't temozolomide make the tumors
grow faster if they increase driver
mutations we don't see that now let's
put a face on this okay so this is
Brittany Maynard she was a young
California girl in Northern California
diagnosed with brain cancer in January
2014 the tumor was a small low-grade
tumor and within one month they have to
touch taking out the low-grade tumor it
morphed into a glioblastoma multiforme
II she was then treated with standard of
care heavy doses of steroids and you can
see her face on the right there it looks
totally different than what she just got
married over here on the left she that's
that guy's called moon face from
overdosing steroids alright so she says
I'm out of here she's going to go to
Oregon next town up next stayed up and
died with dignity with their family
she's going to throw the talent and she
put an article out was in big in People
magazine about her decision to die and
the People magazine article was all
about the morality of death with dignity
nothing about the miserable failure of
the standard of care that put her in
that position in the first place now
what does it say when your patients
killed themselves rather than continue
with your therapy not good now let's
look at another face this is Pablo Kelly
same age as Brittany about 28 he's
diagnosed with glioblastoma
in August 2014 he emails me and says can
you help me I don't want to take I don't
want surgery and I want radiation I
don't want chemo so I give him the kit
that I sent to most of the cancer
patients who contact me and I said hey
you might as well try to compare Pablo
because I know he's I'm definitely not
doing his from Devon England he says
okay so I give him the kit hadn't heard
from him
I didn't maybe a year and a half go by
all of a sudden I get a letter from
Pablo I said geez Pablo Pablo he's still
alive so so he went on he had this big
youtube video telling everybody how he
was gonna do keto and all this stuff but
anyway he says he now his former
formerly inoperable tumor now has become
operable so he asked I said well if he
can shrink it down get it out for Pablo
so he goes out and guess it was earlier
this year gets the tumor out has a few
seizures but his quality of life is
pretty good his wife just had a baby
he's still alive he's doing well right
he has a quality of life he's alive so
what we did knowing about all these
situations we built the glucose ketone
index calculator which helps patients
and others get into therapeutic ketosis
so if you want to stop the growth of the
tumor the first step you got to do is
get into therapeutic ketosis and it's
the ratio of glucose millimolar ketone
millimolar Woodleigh with one of these
precision extra keto mojo things we're
testing all these things against
chemistry and it helps patients stop the
growth of the tumor so it makes it
easier rather than trying to measure the
two fuels together you get a single
value we also built some of the greatest
models the greatest the most
replicatable models to human
glioblastoma spontaneous brain tumors in
the mouse so you know that they're
coming from their host and you can see
this mouse and m3 is a glioblastoma VM
m3 and on the left here you can see the
tumor invades right through the brain
using the same mechanisms as you see in
human on the right is the same tumor and
in mice treated with calorie restriction
and ketogenic diets hard we pumped we
pounded these things now you stopped
invasion you can see this much less
invasive behavior but we couldn't kill
the cells they're growing I threw
everything at these kid thing we were
fast in these mice we were bringing the
sugars down ketones up and the damn
tumor cells are still
humans get much work I tell you I don't
understand how the human brain can be
there's so much more receptive to this
therapy than the mouse brain is people
say you cure my soul the time you don't
you in my school you get the mouse that
has the same tumor zoom and you get the
same problem so I said they must be
using blue to me so we tested the
glutamine hypothesis by using six days
oh five oXXO Elnora leucine which is
dawn it's been used it's an old drug was
used years ago it worked out for some
cancers not other cancers you know it
was just one of those things some were
too little too toxic some not toxic
anyway what it does is it stops
glutamine metabolism alright I can go
through the details so we decided to
test mice with done and we decided to
put the tumors into the brain and then
give them a fast let the correction let
them go for three days until the tumors
are raging then put them on a fast and
then switch them back either to a high
go high carbohydrate diet or a ketogenic
diet restricted with or without gone and
on the top then we pulsed on pulsed on 6
8 10 12 every other day give him a
little dawn give him a little done while
they're on these diets we stopped the
experiments at day 15 because this
control guys there they're dying they're
starting to get morbid because the
tumors are growing so fast from all the
carbohydrates and everything so we then
compare and contrast the brain tissues
and the biochemistry of the of the
tumors at 15 days and I have to be we
genetically engineered these cells to be
bioluminescence so we can see how active
the tumor is by putting them into a
bioluminescence as Energon machine and
so we take the brains out of the mice
and we put them in these petri dishes
and put some luciferin in there and the
light tells us how many living tumor
cells there are in the brains of these
mice that are treated under these
different conditions and the guys on the
top you see a lot of bright light reds
and yellows and all this and they're
they're the ones that didn't get
anything but the high carb diet they're
raging and we have a lot of different
studies to show this the ketogenic diet
restricted you can still see there's a
lot of living tumor cells in the brains
of these mice we did not cure these mice
with TIA ketogenic diets is still they
don't invade as much and I'll show you
evidence for that but when you put the
dawn the de blue tamina inhibitor
together with the diet we got no light
all right there was no light we did this
over and over again and and here's
another series of individual mice you
know one through
six guys that got the diet only and then
the other guys one through eight got the
the diet with the dawn and that
background that's all background except
for one mouse there who had a little
breakthrough light but the by and large
we we really eliminated the light and
the living cells in these tumors by
putting the diet together with the dawn
the dot the dawn by itself is okay but
it doesn't get rid of as much light as
putting the dawn with with the diet the
two together work best and of course the
gold standard for determining cancer is
histology and that's what they do they
take needle biopsies or you could look
at the cells you've got a cancer right
so you have to do histology to determine
whether or not what's going on inside
the tissue and when we do that we have
the standard diet the ketogenic diet
restricted and the diet restricted with
the dawn low power high power is what
you're seeing and if you look at the
standard IO these cells are piled on top
of they can't grow any faster than
they're growing the mitotic figures the
cells are densely packed and that's what
you get when you have a high
carbohydrate diet the ketogenic diet the
bone in the middle you can see the white
part of the brain there that's the
normal part and it's blocking the
invasion from the dark blue into the
white you can see how much the invasion
is over here in the high carb diet the
cells are spaced further apart so what
it's telling us is the diet is
preventing invasion and it's stopping
the rate of growth but they're still
growing on the far right you got the
dawn of the what we see that is all dead
cells all right blasted slaughtered
these cells they're all broken mitotic
arrest the product.this they're all
they're all dead this supports the fact
that we didn't have any light that's the
the tumor cells are dead so based on
this we developed the press pulse
therapeutic strategy for humans based on
our preclinical studies in mice and I
work together with Tom D'Agostino Joel
marooned the neurosurgeon Joe George U
is an oncologist and we put this
together and I don't have time to tell
you where the origin of press pulse
comes but basically we use press
therapies which could include the
ketogenic diet restricted ketone
supplementation and stress management
you know you can't believe that when you
have cancer
people get stressed out you have this
impending doom I'm going to die what
does that do it raises your blood sugar
cortisol goes up you've got to have
stress management so we use exercise we
use music therapy we use yoga therapy
whatever reason works to lower the
stress of the individual we use the diet
as oppressed the diet is controlling the
availability of sugar to the and raising
ketones that the tumor cells can't use
once we get the patient is the
therapeutic ketosis and lowered stress
we then apply pulses and we use drugs
like 2d oxy glucose insulin potentiation
therapy we then hit them with glutamine
inhibitors like EGCG the green tea
extract chloroquine the the
anti-inflammatory and we're working and
we would like to get done of course in
others and then we put them in
hyperbaric oxygen chambers hyperbaric
oxygen will kill tumor cells just like
radiation does without toxicity once you
remove the glucose and glutamine get the
patient into therapeutic ketosis so we
can replace the entire standard of care
with a logical therapeutic process
that's non-toxic and we gradually move
the patient from the diseased state to
the so called managed state and
eventually hopefully to a long-term
management and possible resolution using
press pulse metabolic therapy now how
does it work okay so here's the paper
that we just published on a patient with
glioblastoma from Egypt we can't do this
in the United States you can't do this
in England alright you can't do it in a
lot of places so we had to go to Egypt
where they read our books they read our
stuff and they said okay we're going to
try this they came to me and told me how
they're doing this and they said can you
help us write it all up and you know a
lot of physicians can't write papers I
do this for a living right so I said
we'll get the data we'll put it all
together just like we do the mice and
we'll set up a protocol so management a
glioblastoma in a patient here with
Keaton at metabolic therapy with
modified modified standard of care
that's what we can't do so far in this
country I can't I or bees will not allow
us to modify the standards of care so we
took this guy he'd come in his whole
left side he's dragon you know he was a
metabolic mess it pre pre diabetes hit
low vitamin D and
of other issues besides he had a
glioblastoma so the first thing dr. L
socket did we gave him a three-day
water-only fast and then transitioned
the guy to a 900 kilocalorie a day for
21 days with the with the with the
ketogenic diet so he's out over over
three weeks before we touched him then
he did an awake craniotomy we debulk the
tumor the tumor looks different now the
tumor has a different morphology based
on the on the treatment of the diet up
front you shrink and down those cells
then for another three months we gave
him chloroquine we gave him each ECG we
gave hyperbaric oxygen then we had to we
were forced into doing standard of care
because they have to do it so and while
he's getting the standard of care which
is radiation and chemo he's also on
hyperbaric oxygen and the diet as well
and then for another three months you
can see after that and now at 24 months
the guy is doing fine right now here's a
corn farmer he's back out working in the
fields so now he's out 30 months and
he's still doing we just I just got
talked to else akka the other day I said
how's the guy doing the corn farmer he's
doing fine so he had a little radiation
a demon pisses the soil off something
fierce you don't to radiate the human
brain under any conditions you know
understand that it kills me you know I'm
looking at these poor people I'm saying
what are you doing well we have to kill
the tumor cells just take away the
glucose including me and you get the
same effect so here you can see that
look at this bring is the gki down
glucose ketone index got it down really
nice guys in therapeutic ketosis and on
the bottom look at this okay you see the
red line on the bottom see this big big
tumor there okay watch as the treatment
continues at the very end you see the
red line is now straight alright we
corrected the midline shift and the guys
doing fine and it's just not brain
cancer this is a camp this is a patient
through a triple negative breast cancer
from our colleagues in Turkey in the
Istanbul Clinic and they're treating all
kinds of loot lung cancer pancreatic
all stage for all Stage four of cancers
this stage for woman comes in with pink
with a triple negative breast cancer
number one is in the breast
two is in the liver three is in soft a
muscle tissue again ketogenic diets
hypothermia
the lowest dose of chemo possible to
remain compliant with the law I said
this I said to Slocum I said what
happens if we get rid of the chemo
patient would do better but you got to
do it because you're going to lose your
license if you don't and you believe
this so anyway this patient is doing
well we published in curious biometric
open access and somebody how does that
patient do and how does that patient
look the Slocum says the patient is
still doing well never lost hair always
had a high quality of life never got
sick and we're seeing this over and over
again that everybody I don't want to
make it look like hey everybody's doing
well you know there's a few people who
don't make it they've been beat up so
bad by the traditional standards of care
their bodies can't rally there so if
they're so demolished and their ability
to heal themselves by the traditional
standards of care they can't they can't
rally so we have this thing GBM and
other stage four cancers I don't
consider them as terminal cancers I
don't think they should be considered
terminal cancers okay because we're
mistreating the patients we're putting
them into risk of death by the very
treatments that we're using to try to
save them makes no sense you're poison
to radiate people to make them healthy
give me a break you got Brittany
Maynard's standard of care and then you
get Pablo Rejects standard of care over
there only one person no there's not one
this is Alison Gannett there's Andrew
Scarborough there's a whole bunch out
there we just haven't published them yet
so conclusions cancer is a type of
mitochondrial metabolic it's not a
genetic disease okay
this misunderstanding is the greatest
tragedy in the history of medicine
leading to the unnecessary suffering and
death of tens of millions of people by a
fundamental misunderstanding of what the
nature of the disease is these cells
rely on substrate level phosphorylation
it's the hallmark of what these cells do
that dependent on glucose and glutamine
as the prime fuels for GBM and all these
other cancers they need that fermentable
fuel who's targeting the fermentable
fuels nobody the press pulse metabolic
therapies non-toxic cost-effective for
the management and possible resolution
of all types of cancers it's a singular
disease all these tumor cells are all
fermenters doesn't make any difference
it's my opinion and I could
you know I don't know if I'll live to
see it that this strategy will
eventually make all other strategies
obsolete it's just a matter of time so I
want to thank my collaborators and
colleagues from the United States from
Turkey from Germany from Venezuela from
Hungary Greece France Egypt India and
China Chinese want to met and now start
dovetailing this into their traditional
Chinese medicine and I especially like
to thank the funding that we get which
is very hard believe me you get massive
amounts of data money to study cancer
you get very little if you want to try
to resolve the disease single cure
single cause foundation CrossFit thank
you very much dr. Joe maroon team
surgeon for the Pittsburgh Steelers
distinguished neurosurgeon at the
University of Pittsburgh George Yeo
oncologist Ellen Davis Boston College
and in the past the NIH thank you for
your attention
