Physics is a branch of science whose primary
objects of study are' matter' and 'energy'.
Matter and Energy are the basic constituents
of the natural world.
Physics may be loosely divided into "Classical
physics" and "Modern physics".
Elements of physics were primarily drawn from
the field of Astronomy,Optics and Mechanics
which were united through the study of Geometry.
This discipline began with the 'Babylonian'
and 'Hellenstic' writers such as Archimedes
and Ptolemy.
The philosopher THALES dubbed as "Father of
science" for refusing to accept various supernatural,religious
or mythological explanations for natural phenomena
,proclaimed that every event had a natural
cause.
HERACLITUS is the first scholars in ancient
physics to address the role of 'TIME' in the
universe ,which is a key concept in modern
physics.
ARISTOTLE a student of PLATO promoted the
concept that observation of physical phenomena
could ultimately lead to the discovery of
the natural laws governing them.
Aristotle's writings covers Physics,Metaphysics,Poetry,Music,Politics,Government,
Ethics,Biology and Zoology.
He wrote the first work of physics founded
the system known as "Aristotelian Physics".
He believed that all matter was made up of
Ether or some combination of four elements
that is "EARTH , WATER,AIR, AND FIRE".
Aristotelian physics became enormously popular
until the time of GALILEO and NEWTON.
In the 3rd century BCE ,the great mathematician
Archimedes laid the foundation of hydrostatics.
also developed elaborate systems of Pulley
to move large objects with a minimum effort.
His hydroengineering and his machine of war
helped to hold back the armies of Rome in
the first Punic war.
Archimedes is well known for his "law of Buoyancy"also
known as "ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE".
In 1543 Copernicus gave strong arguments for
the ‘heliocentric’ model of the solar
system that is for placing the sun not the
earth at it’s centre.
Copernicus’s new perspective along with
accurate observation made JOHANNES KEPLER
to formulate his laws regarding planetary
motion that remains in use today.
GALILEO has been called as the “Father of
modern observational astronomy”, “the
father of modern physics” ,”the father
of science” and “the father of modern
science”.
He is the first person to study the sky with
telescope.
He was the first person to discover ‘moon
orbiting planets’ , ‘Jupiter’s 4 largest
moon’ , ‘sun is the centre of solar system’,
‘law of pendulum’.
He discovered gravity accelerates all things
equally.
He also gave principle of INERTIA which is
known as “Newton’s first law of motion”.
He also shattered the mistaken of Aristotle
in the field of mechanics.
Sir Isaac Newton considered by many to be
the greatest and most influential scientist
who ever lived.
In his book “PRINCIPIA” which is one of
the most important scientific books ever written.
He formulated “Three Laws of Motion” which
shows the relation between motion and objects.
He also formulated the “Universal Law Of
Gravitation”.
Newton invented one form of an entirely new
branch of Mathematics :CALCULUS , which was
to become an essential tool in much of the
later development in most branches of physics.
He discovered that the sun light is made up
of all colour of rainbow, demonstrated with
the help of prism.
He also built the world’s first Reflecting
Telescope.
Newton effectively established the foundation
for modern society in mathematics and science.
Michael Faraday was an English scientist who
contributed to the study of electromagnetism
and electrochemistry.
He is well known for Faraday’s Laws of Induction
and electrochemistry.
He is considered as greatest experimental
physicist.
He is also considered as “Father of Electricity”
MAXWELL took the work of Faraday and summarized
it in a set of equations ,which is accepted
as the basis of all modern theories of electromagnetic
phenomena.
He unified the electric and magnetic force.
Maxwell’s equations for electromagnetism
have been called as the “second great unification
in physics”.
Albert Einstein was a great theoretical physicist.
He developed “Theory of Relativity”, “Quantum
Mechanics” , “photo electric effect”
and many more.
But he is best known for his mass energy equivalence
formula that is “ E = mc^2 “ , which has
been dubbed as “World’s most famous equation”.
He received Novel prize in physics in 1921
for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric
effect.
Once Einstein described Maxwell’s work as
the most profound and he stand on the shoulders
of Maxwell.
There are many great scientists whose works
cannot be forgotten.
Like Marie Curie who is the first woman to
win a Novel prize for her work on ‘Radioactivity’
and she is the only woman to win Novel prize
twice.
