University Challenge.
Asking the questions,
Jeremy Paxman.
Hello. Oxford plays Cambridge
tonight,
with a place in the second round
for whichever team is ahead
at the gong.
The losing team could get a chance
to play again
if their score happens to be among
the four highest losing scores
from these first-round matches.
So our advice to both teams is to
rattle through as many questions
as possible, ideally
getting them right, of course!
Corpus Christi College Oxford has
appeared three times since 1994
on this programme,
and won the championship
with a formidable line-up
in 2005.
Founded during the reign of
Henry VIII,
it has one of Oxford's smallest
student bodies
with around 375 undergraduates
and graduates.
Former Corpuscles include one of
the leading lights
of the Oxford movement, John Keble,
the philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin,
the long-serving editor of
the Guardian, CP Scott,
and the politicians
Ed and David Miliband.
With an average age of 21,
let's meet the Corpus Christi team.
Hello, I'm Tom Fleet,
I'm from Pendoggett in Cornwall,
and I study English.
Hi, I'm Emma Johnson,
I'm from north London
and I study medicine.
And this is their captain.
Hi, I'm Nikhil Venkatesh, I'm from
Derby and I read philosophy,
politics and economics.
Hi, I'm Adam Wright.
I'm from Winnersh in Berkshire and
I'm studying for a DPhil in physics.
APPLAUSE
Now, playing them
is the team representing
Jesus College Cambridge,
who last made an appearance
on this programme in 2012.
The college was founded in 1496
on the site of a 12th-century
Benedictine nunnery,
and now has around 760 students,
so around twice the size
of their opponents tonight.
Alumni include the first Protestant
Archbishop of Canterbury,
Thomas Cranmer,
the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge,
the writer Laurence Sterne,
and the novelist Nick Hornby.
With an average age of 20,
let's meet the Jesus team.
Hiya. I'm Sam Fairbrother,
I'm from Greater Manchester and I'm
currently studying for my finals in
Education, with Drama and English.
Hi, I'm Rosa Price.
I'm from East London
and I'm studying English.
And this is their captain.
Hi, I'm Theo Morris Clarke,
I'm from London,
and I'm reading for an MPhil
in Economics.
Hello, I'm Daniel Petrides,
I'm from Petts Wood in Kent
and I'm reading for an MPhil
in Political Thought
and Intellectual History.
APPLAUSE
The rules are the same as ever.
Starter questions
are worth ten points,
must be answered individually,
bonus sets are worth 15 points
and on those you can confer.
There is a five-point fine
if you interrupt a starter question
incorrectly.
Fingers on the buzzers,
here's your first starter for ten.
What literary concept did Aristotle
describe as "The imitation of
"an action with incidents arousing
pity and fear...?
Tragedy. Correct.
Right, your bonuses are on drinking
in Shakespeare, Jesus.
In Twelfth Night,
which two characters
are berated for singing drunkenly
late at night by Malvolio,
who accuses them of "making
an alehouse of my lady's house"?
Nominate Price. Andrew Aguecheek
and Toby Belch.
Correct. Which character says that
the drinking habits of the English
that they are
"most potent in potting?
"Your Dane, your German
and swag-bellied Hollander
"are nothing to your English"?
He says this while attempting
to get Cassio drunk.
Iago? Iago. Correct.
In which play does a character known
only as "Boy" provide a contrast to
the eponymous king
by declaring during a battle,
"Would I were in an alehouse
in London,
"I would give all my fame
for a pot of ale and safety"?
Henry V. Correct.
Ten points at stake
for this starter question.
Which physicist made important
contributions to the understanding
of thermodynamics, telegraphy,
magnetism and electricity?
Born William Thompson in Belfast
in 1824...
Lord Kelvin. Lord Kelvin is correct.
Your bonuses are on properties owned
by the Landmark Trust charity,
which aims to rescue
important buildings
that would otherwise be lost.
Firstly for five points, associated
with Richard Arkwright,
North Street in Cromford
is described as
the earliest piece of planned
industrial housing in the world.
It lies within the Derwent Valley
Mills World Heritage site
in which English county?
Derbyshire. Correct.
Described as a rare and noble
survivor of a style that was
in fashion after Napoleon's campaign
in Egypt,
and as making even Brighton Pavilion
look delicate,
the Egyptian House is in which town
on Mount Bay,
where the English Channel
meets the Atlantic Ocean?
Penzance?
It has to be Cornwall, right?
Yeah... Yeah?
Penzance? Correct.
A property in the Chateau
of Hougoumont
stands on which battlefield
in the Low Countries?
Waterloo? Waterloo.
It is at the battlefield
of Waterloo, yes.
Ten points for this...
APPLAUSE
Which Asian country's
national holidays
include Respect For The Aged Day...
Japan. Japan is correct, yes.
Your bonuses are on life sciences,
Corpus Christi, this time.
In each case, give the term
from the definition.
All three answers include
the word element "plasm",
from the Greek for "to shape".
Firstly, in biology, what term
denotes the part of the cell
that's external to
the nuclear membrane
and contains the organelles
including the mitochondria
and the lysosomes?
Cytoplasm. Correct.
Cytoplasm can be differentiated
into endoplasm,
which contains
most of the cells' structures,
and the more dense outer material,
primarily concerned with
cell movement.
By what term is that known?
THEY CONFER
Yeah? OK.
Ectoplasm? Ectoplasm is correct.
Found in the cytoplasm
of many bacteria,
what extra chromosome
or genetic element
plays a key role in procedures
such as gene therapy and research?
I need a seven-letter term here.
Plasmid. Plasmid is correct, yes.
Ten points at stake
for this starter question.
Bert and Ernie were the nicknames
given to examples of what type
of subatomic particle,
detected by the IceCube instrument
at the South Pole in 2011 and 2012?
Both had exceptionally high
energies,
around ten to the 15 electron volts,
and were thought to have originated
in deep space.
Neutrinos?
Neutrinos is correct, yes.
Your bonuses this time, Corpus
Christi, are on a shared surname.
Name the person from
the description,
giving the first name
and the surname in each case.
Firstly, a diamond magnate
who became Prime Minister
of Cape Colony in 1890.
He gave his name to the region that
is now Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Cecil Rhodes.
Cecil Rhodes is correct.
Secondly, a Yorkshire all-rounder
who took more first-class wickets
than any other bowler.
He is also the oldest man ever to
have played in a Test match,
aged 52 on his last appearance
in 1930.
Wilfred Rhodes? Correct.
And finally, the founder of
the Fashion and Textile Museum
in London.
As a fashion designer, her clients
included Freddie Mercury
and Diana, Princess of Wales,
and, in 2010,
she was installed as Chancellor
of the University
For The Creative Arts.
Edwina Rhodes.
Edwina Rhodes?
No, that is Zandra Rhodes.
We are going to take
a picture round now.
For your picture starter, you'll see
a graphic representation of two sets
of integers, A and B, with a third
set, C, formally defined below them.
For ten points,
I want you to identify
the integers contained in set C.
2 and 3? Correct.
So, for your picture bonuses, three
more exercises in basic set theory.
In each case, you'll see some more
graphic representations
of sets of integers. I want you to
give me the integer or integers
contained in the set formally
defined below them.
Firstly, set C?
What does the slash mean?
I don't know. I don't know what
the slash means.
I'll just go for things
in only one of them.
Yeah? Just roll with it.
1, 4 and 5.
No, it's just 1. Oh!
Secondly, set D.
What's the triangle? No idea.
No idea. So it's the ones
which also have C in.
6? Try 6.
2 and 4. 4 is not in A.
Try 6.
6. No, it's 4!
And finally, set C.
All of them - 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Correct, yes!
Right, ten points for this.
In internet usage, for what does
the abbreviation TL;DR stand?
Too Long; Didn't Read.
Correct.
Your bonuses are on chemical
elements, Corpus Christi.
With the atomic number 22,
which element has a naturally
occurring dioxide
that is widely used in paint,
sunscreen and toothpaste?
This compound occurs in minerals,
such as brookite and rutile.
I know that it's a zinc,
because it's on sunscreen.
Yeah? Zinc? No, it's titanium.
With the atomic number 30,
which element forms an impervious
coating of its oxide
on exposure to the atmosphere,
making it more resistant to
corrosion than, for example, iron?
THEY CONFER QUIETLY
Aluminium.
No, that is zinc. And, finally,
with the atomic number 82,
which element has an oxide
known as litharge
which is extensively used
in the production of glass?
It's like silicon but silicon's
atomic number isn't 82.
Cobalt?
Anyone? Cobalt?
No, it's lead. Ten points for this.
Which branch of mathematics
takes its name
from the title of a ninth-century
book in Arabic by...?
Algebra? Algebra is correct,
you get a set the bonuses now
on business-related books,
Corpus Christi.
Which Canadian-born economist's
book, The Great Crash 1929,
has never been out of print since
it was first published in 1955?
I should know this, this is...
Well, it's my degree!
LAUGHTER
Galbraith? It was JK Galbraith, yes.
Which US journalist's 1972 work
The Best And The Brightest
recounts how some leaders of
industry
were employed by
the presidential administration
and attempted to apply what they had
learned at the Ford Motor Company
to the Vietnam War?
I was reading about this
the other day, and I have no idea.
Is it going to be Woodward?
Yeah? Yeah. Woodward?
No, it was David Halberstam.
And finally, the author of
The Black Swan,
which former hedge-fund manager
had earlier emphasised the role
of chance
in the financial markets in his
2001 book Fooled By Randomness?
Oh, he's got, like, three names.
Like Arabic...
Persian.
You're on your own!
Taleb? Nicholas Taleb
is correct, yes.
Ten points for this.
In different spellings,
what diminutive of a male given name
appears on the titles of an 1892
farce by Brandon Thomas,
a traditional Scots song
about the Jacobite movement,
two children's books
by Roald Dahl...?
Danny?
No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
Charlie? Charlie is correct, yes.
You get a set of bonuses this time,
Jesus College,
on the author and campaigner
Arundhati Roy.
Firstly, Arundhati Roy won
the Booker prize in 1997
for which novel, set largely in
the Indian state of Kerala?
The God Of Small Things.
The God Of Small Things.
Correct. In 2002,
Roy was briefly imprisoned
during her campaign
against the Narmada project,
located in which state
of north-west India?
North-west?
Uttar Pradesh? Uttar Pradesh?
No, it's Gujarat.
And, finally, before his election as
Indian Prime Minister in 2014,
whom did Roy describe as
the most militaristic
and aggressive candidate?
Narendra Modi. Correct.
Ten points for this.
First published in 1791,
which book was Thomas Paine's
response to Edmund Burke...?
The Rights Of Man? Correct.
Your bonuses this time,
Jesus College,
are on island groups that comprise
the biogeographical region known as
Micronesia, a term coined from the
Greek for "isles of the blessed".
On a similar latitude
to San Francisco,
which archipelago includes
the islands of Santa Maria,
Pico and Flores?
THEY CONFER INAUDIBLY
Indonesia? No, it's the Azores.
Secondly, Sercial and Malmsey
are varieties of fortified wine
produced in which island
of Micronesia?
Madeira? Correct.
Named after the westernmost
promontory of Africa,
which island group became
independent of Portugal in 1975?
(Canary Islands.)
The Verde Islands?
Oh, yeah. The Cape Verde Islands?
Correct. Right, we're going to take
a music round now.
For your music starter, you'll hear
part of the recording
of a film score.
For ten points,
I want you to identify
the film for which
the score was written.
MUSIC CLIP PLAYS
Um... Up... Up.
Up is correct, yes.
That score for Pixar's Up
won the Academy Award in 2010.
Your music bonuses
are three more Pixar film scores.
I want you to identify the film
in each case.
Firstly, for five...
MUSIC CLIP PLAYS
The Incredibles? Correct.
Secondly...
MUSIC CLIP PLAYS
That is either... Is that
Despicable Me or is it...?
Ratatouille?
It seems nefarious.
OK.
Despicable Me?
Despicable Me.
No, it's Wall-E.
And finally...
MUSIC CLIP PLAYS
It's Finding Nemo.
Finding Nemo. Correct -
that gives you the lead.
Ten points for this.
Pearl and foxtail are common names
of species of what food grain,
a staple of much of Asia, Russia
and...?
Barley? No, I'm afraid
you lose five points.
..staple of much of Russia,
Asia and Western Africa?
It is eaten as a flatbread
or porridge,
or in a similar way to rice.
One of you may buzz, Jesus.
Is it polenta? No, it's millet.
Ten points for this.
Salamanders and newts
both belong to which class
of animals, named...?
Amphibians?
Amphibia is correct, yes.
Right, these bonuses
are on United States history.
Firstly, for five points,
formerly a commander
in the Mexican-American War,
which US president died in 1850,
only 16 months after taking office?
1850.
Is it going to be Grant?
No. Taylor?
Taylor? It was Zachary Taylor.
In 1835, Taylor's daughter Sarah
married which future head of state?
He was accused of treason
and imprisoned in 1865,
although he never stood trial.
(Don't know.)
Future head of state?
Lee? No, it was Jefferson Davis.
And, finally, Taylor and his
successor, Millard Fillmore,
were both elected on the ticket
of which political party,
named after a British grouping
opposed to royal prerogatives?
The Whigs? Correct.
Ten points for this. Thomas Hardy
described which of his novels as
a deadly war waged between
flesh and spirit?
It describes the title character's
doomed relationships with a....
Tess Of The D'Urbervilles?
No, I'm afraid you lose five points.
..with a barmaid, Arabella Don,
and his cousin, Sue Brighthead?
Jude The Obscure.
Correct.
So you go back into the lead.
Your bonuses are on physics, Jesus.
When an atom of potassium 40
undergoes radioactive decay
to form calcium 40,
it most commonly emits
an anti-neutrino and what other
subatomic particle?
Proton? No, it's an electron.
Or a beta particle.
This is one form of beta decay.
What are the two other forms, both
also displayed by potassium 40?
We have no idea. They're positron
emission and electron capture.
And, finally, comprising about 1%
of the Earth's atmosphere,
what isotope is formed
when potassium 40
undergoes positron emission
or electron capture?
Is it argon? Isotope, so no.
Oh. Guess something.
No, Argon 17.
No, it's Argon 40.
Bad luck. Right, ten points
for this.
In a test match against Pakistan
in October 2015,
which batsman occupied the crease
for a record...?
Alastair Cook.
Alastair Cook is correct.
These bonuses are on sculptures.
Bequeathed to the Royal Academy
in the early 19th century,
the Taddei Tondo of around 1504
is the only marble sculpture
in Great Britain by
which Renaissance artist?
Bernini? Bernini.
Bernini? No, it's Michelangelo.
Michelangelo's sculptures known
as the Dying Slave
and the Rebellious Slave,
now in the Louvre,
were originally intended for the
tomb of which Pope,
who died in 1513?
Julius II.
Julius II?
Correct. In 1972,
the Hungarian-born geologist Laszlo
Toth achieved notoriety
when he vandalised which sculpture
by Michelangelo,
now in St Peter's Basilica?
La Pieta. Correct.
Right, ten points for this.
From the Latin for dissolve,
which term denotes the property of
the chemical to absorb moisture from
the atmosphere until it forms
a liquid solution?
Hydrosoluble?
Hydrosoluble?
No.
Hydroscopic?
No, it's deliquescence.
Ten points for this. In computing,
which logic gate has output zero
only when all its inputs are zero,
otherwise...
Not. No, I'm afraid you lose five
points.
Otherwise its output is one.
Or. Or is correct, yes.
Your bonuses are on the early
19th-century politician George Eden.
Which city in New Zealand is named
after the title of nobility held by
George Eden, who was first Lord of
the Admiralty in the early 1830s?
Auckland? Go Auckland.
Auckland? Correct.
Eden later became Governor General
of India,
but was recalled in 1842 after a
catastrophic intervention
into which country, in an attempt to
forestall Russian influence?
Sounds like Afghanistan.
Afghanistan?
Correct. Eden's unmarried sisters,
Fanny and Emily,
the latter a noted author,
accompanied him to India.
In which city is the park and major
Test cricket ground
that bears their surname?
This is Calcutta, right?
The Eden Gardens, yeah.
Calcutta? Calcutta or Kolkata
is correct.
Well,
it's a very evenly matched game,
we're taking a picture round now.
For your picture starter, you will
see a silhouette portrait
of a composer, depicted at the mercy
of a music critic.
For ten points, I want you to
identify the composer,
who is the figure on the right.
Beethoven? No.
Anyone like to buzz from Corpus?
Liszt. No, it's Wagner.
So picture bonuses in a moment
or two.
Ten points at stake if you put your
fingers on the buzzer.
Which Italian composer's opera
Aureliano in Palmira
premiered in 1813?
Two years later,
he reused the overture for
Elizabeth, Queen of England,
and the following year used it again
for the Barber of Seville.
Rossini. Rossini is correct, yes.
You get the lead. You will recall
we saw a picture of Wagner
and the critic Eduard Hanslick.
It was by an Austrian artist
Otto Bohler.
He specialised
in silhouette portraits
of notable musical figures
of his day.
Your picture bonuses are three more
of his portraits of composers.
Five points for each can identify.
Firstly, who is this?
Bruckner?
Bruckner? Debussy?
Debussy? No, it's Brahms.
Secondly, who's this?
Is that Liszt?
Did Liszt convert?
Liszt? Liszt?
Liszt is correct, yes, depicted
there at the Abbe Liszt.
And finally...
Is that... Mahler. That would be
Mahler, with the conducting.
Yeah. Mahler? Mahler?
Mahler is correct, yes.
Ten points for this. Used in
his studies of efficiency
and income distribution, which
Italian economist gives his name...?
Pareto.
Pareto is right.
Dangerous buzz, but effective.
Your bonuses now are on federal
public holidays in the USA.
Which US holiday was first observed
nationally in 1986,
and takes place annually on
the third Monday of January?
Martin Luther King? Labor Day?
Oh, yeah, that sounds right.
Martin Luther King day?
Correct. The Columbus Day national
holiday takes place each year
on the second Monday of which month?
Somewhere like...? I think it's May.
Yeah?
May? No, it's October.
Falling on the first Monday
in September,
what name is given to the national
holiday that honours workers
and recognises their contribution
to society?
Labor Day. Correct.
4.5 minutes to go,
ten points for this.
"To make the King absolute
in his kingdom"
in order to establish therein order.
These words refer to the political
programme of which cardinal?
Richelieu.
Richelieu is correct, yes.
Your bonuses are on Homer's Odyssey,
Corpus Christi.
In each case, name the character
from the description.
Firstly, the sea nymph whose name
means "she who conceals".
At the start of the poem,
Odysseus is her captive.
Calypso. Correct.
The daughter, secondly,
of King Alcinous.
Her name means "burner of ships".
In book six, she gives Odysseus
clothes to wear
when he is shipwrecked.
Nominate Johnson.
Nausicaa. Yes. And, finally,
the one-eyed giant whose name means
"abounding in songs and legends".
In book nine, he imprisons Odysseus
and his men.
It's the Cyclops, I think.
Just Cyclops?
Cyclops is the only name I know.
Cyclops? No, it's Polyphemus.
Ten points for this.
Originally estimated at 500km
per second per megaparsec,
what eponymous two-word term
is used for the expansion rate
of the universe?
Hubble's constant.
The Hubble constant is right.
You get a set of bonuses now
on the 1975 film Monty Python
And The Holy Grail.
Firstly, a co-director of the film,
which actor's on-screen roles
include Sir Bedivere,
Dennis's mother and Prince Herbert?
Is it going to be Terry Jones?
I don't know.
Yeah, he played a lot of them.
Terry Jones? Correct.
Which actor's roles in the film
include First Swamp Castle Guard,
Roger the Shrubber
and Sir Robin Not Quite So Brave As
Sir Lancelot?
John Cleese.
Yeah? John Cleese?
No, it's Eric Idle. And finally,
which actor's roles include
Sir Lancelot The Brave,
The Black Knight
and Taunting French Guard?
That's John Cleese.
That is John Cleese.
2.5 minutes to go.
Ten points for this.
In the periodic table, what letter
denotes the block of elements
that consists of the lanthanides
and actinides?
T? No, anyone like to buzz
from Jesus?
U? No, it's F.
Ten points at stake for the
starter question. Born 1943,
which US economist's works
include Globalisation
And Its Discontents...
Stiglitz.
Stiglitz is correct.
Joseph Stiglitz.
Your bonuses, Jesus,
you will be pleased to know,
are on inorganic chemistry.
The identification of many metals
often relies on distinctively
coloured precipitates,
formed with hydroxide.
What colour is observed
with the following metals?
Firstly, copper.
Green? Is that green?
OK. Green. No, it's blue.
Secondly, iron 3,
or ferric irons.
It's red.
Three and four are different.
Once red and one is black.
Say one. Red. Correct.
And, finally, calcium.
White? Isn't it just white?
Yeah. White?
Correct, well done.
Ten points at stake
for this starter.
The title of The Towers Of Silence
in Paul Scott's Raj Quartet
alludes to the funerary traditions
of which religion,
where vultures disposed of the dead?
Zoroastrianism?
Correct.
Good guess if it was.
Your bonuses are on
the darker recesses
of the Oxford English Dictionary,
specifically terms that refer to
the eating habits of animals.
Firstly, what word describes an
animal that feeds mainly on fruit?
Pass. It is frugivorous,
or fructivorous.
Secondly, as indicated by
the term's Latin origin,
what chiefly constitutes the diet
of a baccivore?
A frequently cited example
is the thrush.
Worm?
Worms? No, it's berries.
What insects are eaten by
a formivore?
Spiders. Worms.
No, it's ants. Ten points for this.
The Principles Of Psychology
is a work of 1890
by which US pragmatic philosopher,
also noted for the variety...
William James?
William James is correct, yes.
Your bonuses
are on literary figures...
GONG!
And, at the gong,
Jesus College, Cambridge have 175.
Corpus Christi College, Oxford
have 200.
Bad luck, Jesus College,
but I would guess 175 might well
be good enough
to come back as one of the four
highest-scoring losing teams
from this first round.
But we might see you again.
I hope so. Corpus Christi,
congratulations.
You had the lead, you lost the lead,
you regained it.
Well done. We look forward to
seeing you in Round Two.
I hope you can join us next time.
But until then, it's goodbye
from Jesus College, Cambridge.
Goodbye! It's goodbye from Corpus
Christi College, Oxford.
Goodbye! And it's goodbye from me.
Goodbye.
