Airplanes are human’s one of the most advanced creations.
Because of them we can travel miles in just a few hours.
But as we know this has not always been possible for humans.
So how did it become possible?
For learning that, we’ll have to go travel back a little in history
Enter Nineteenth century.
This was the time when because of human’s determinatio n to fly many new machine models were being tested
But every design turned out to have some shortcomings..
Finally one attempt succeeded!
And as we know this attempt was made by The Wright Brothers.
Their aircraft essentially was a success because of an interesting phenomenon in physics, the air foil technology.
So we’ll discuss about this in detail
but before that we need to know about the factors that are truly responsible for a plane’s flight.
So, basically 2 factors are primarily responsible for this.
In order for an aircraft to successfully be able to fly the most important factor is the take-off
and then maintaining the “net acting force” 0.
Wright brothers had an answer to this.
They created airplane wings using the air foil technology that uses Newton’s third law of motion to balance the aircraft.
Most important parts of an aircraft are its wings.
It’s wings exclusively helps it during take-off, balancing and landing.
In the Air foil technology Wright brothers used curved shaped wings.
Because of the curvature of these wings planes get a huge advantage in both the take-off and flight.
Curved shaped wings air molecules deflect air molecules downwards.
This is because of Newton’s third law of motion  every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
So wing’s downward force on air molecules gives an upwards lift to the aircrafts.
This lift counters gravity’s downward force and maintains zero net force on the aircraft.
Now because aircraft will stay balanced in air, so it requires propulsion, i.e a forward pushing force right?
So this propulsion is provided by the propellers that are basically like large fans.
And they give an aircraft the requisite propulsion.
So this was the basic model of The Wright Brother’s plane.
And because of these factors their aircraft was a success!
Now let’s talk about the modern aircrafts that we see today.
So their working mechanisms are still basically the same
However, their wings are aerodynamically advanced and system controlled for various functions.
So let’s have a look.
In order for an aircraft to fly, as we discussed, there should be a balance between all the forces.
 
Like how there should be a balance between gravity and the lift force,
in the same way there should be a balance between propulsion and its opposing force
We call this opposing force “drag force”.
Aircraft’s aerodynamic design helps a lot to reduce this drag force to a great extent so that propulsion can easily create a forward acceleration.
After getting enough acceleration, the aircraft takes off because of the lift created from the curved wings.
Modern aircraft’s wings are a collection of different parts. These parts are flaps, slats and ailerons.
During take-off, flaps and slats are extended downwards.
This increases the wing surface area and the curvature. Because of these two reasons more air gets deflected that provides a better lift.
After the take-off flaps and slats move back inwards to their original positions.
Now, the next question is how do planes during flight navigate?
So for navigation planes have different types of wing attachments.
These wing attachments are Aileron, Elevator, rudder and spoiler.
Pilots use them individually or in combination.
For example, elevators are used to climb up or move down during flight
Rudder and aileron allow us to change the direction of the plane.
For example if a plane wants to turn left, it can be done in two ways.
As you can imagine, pushing Rudder to the opposite direction we can change directions.
But this can also be done through ailerons which in this case would be the right way to do it because passengers won’t feel a sudden jerk.
Through Ailerons we basically create an air pressure difference. This difference is created by moving one aileron up and another one down.
This difference is created by moving one aileron up and another one down.
This will create a difference in the lift force and make the aircraft roll.
And because the aircraft still has an upward lift, then it clearly means it has changed its path!
Now finally, during landing a final attachment is used which is called spoiler.
Spoiler basically increases the drag force thus reducing the lift force.
This reduces the velocity of the aircraft and it starts landing downwards.
This happens in a very controlled way and as a result the aircraft gets a safe landing.
So this how an airplane flies.
We learnt that it utilizes the air foil technology that is based on Newton’s 3rd law of motion.
We also learnt how aircrafts with the help of different attachments able to take off, maintain midway flight and finally land in a controlled way.
So hopefully you got to learn something new from this video.
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