
English: 
- [Instructor] The
entire field of economics
is based on the idea of scarcity.
And, arguably, we wouldn't even need
a field of economics, if there wasn't
the notion of scarcity in the world.
So what does scarcity mean?
Well, think about what does
it mean in everyday life?
It means that there's not enough
of something to go around.
If we're talking about scarce goods,
scarce services, scarce resources,
we're talking about
things where if there was
no cost associated with
them, people would use
far more of that than
there actually is around.
And in this video we're gonna think
about different types
of goods and services
or just resources and think about
whether they are scarce or not.
So a related idea to scarce
resources is it's opposite,
which is the notion of a free resource.
So this is something
that, you could argue,
is infinitely abundant or at least
in a certain context is so abundant
that it feels like people can have
as much of it as they want.
The more that one person has of it,

Bulgarian: 
Икономиката се основава
на идеята за недостиг.
Всъщност не бихме се нуждаели
от наука за икономиката,
ако не съществуваше
идеята за недостиг.
Какво означава недостиг?
Помисли какво е обичайното
значение на думата?
Означава, че няма достатъчно
от нещо, необходимо за всички.
Ако говорим за недостиг на стоки,
недостиг на услуги,
недостиг на ресурси.
Неща, които, ако бяха безплатни, 
хората биха използвали
много повече от
наличното количество.
В това видео ще говорим за
различни видове стоки, услуги
или ресурси, и ще разсъждаваме
дали те са достатъчно, или не.
Обратната идея на тази за недостига е
идеята за неограничените ресурси.
Това е нещо, което е налично в
неизчерпаеми количества,
или поне в такива количества,
че хората мислят,
че могат да използват
колкото искат от него.
Колкото и някой 
да използва от него,

Polish: 
- [Instruktor]
cała ekonomia ma związek
z pojęciem niedoboru.
I, zapewne, nie potrzebowalibyśmy nawet
dziedziny ekonomii, gdyby
pojęcie niedoboru nie istniało na świecie.
Więc czym jest niedobór?
Pomyśl o tym, co to oznacza w codziennym życiu?
Oznacza to, że nie ma wystarczająco
wielu rzeczy na świecie.
Jeśli mówimy o rzadkich towarach,
rzadkich usługach, ograniczonych zasobach,
mówimy o
rzeczach, z którymi gdyby
nie wiązały się żadne koszty, ludzie używaliby ich
znacznie więcej niż jest ich dostępnych.
W tym filmie rozważymy
różne rodzaje
towarów i usług
lub po prostu zasobów i zastanowimy się
czy są one ograniczone, czy nie.
Ideą powiązaną do idei niedoboru jest idea opozycyjna do niej,
czyli pojęcie darmowego zasobu.
Więc jest to coś, można powiedzieć, co jest
nieskończenie obfite, lub co najmniej
w pewnym kontekście tak obfite,
że wydaje się nam jakby ludzie mogli
mieć tak dużo tego zasobu jak zechcą.
Nieważne jak dużo tego zasobu posiada jedna osoba,

Bulgarian: 
пак остава за другите.
Причината недостигът
да е основно понятие
в икономиката е, че
икономиката е наука
за това как се разпределят
ограничените ресурси.
Ако търсенето на даден ресурс
е по-голямо
от неговата наличност,
кой го получава
колко от него ще получи
и от какво трябва да се лиши
 в замяна,
за да получи
ограничения ресурс?
Нека за целите на
това видео
да проверим дали
разбираме
идеята за това
кои ресурси
са ограничени и кои не са,
и защо.
Това е снимка на хайвер,
което са яйцата на рибите.
Не е лесно да се сдобием с него.
Хайверът се намира
дълбоко под водата,
някой трябва да стигне до него,
да го опакова 
по някакъв начин
и да го достави до теб.
Как мислиш ли,
дали хайверът
е ограничен, или
неограничен ресурс?
Ако беше неограничен ресурс,
това би означавало,
направо да плуваме
в хайвер,
да има толкова много,
че да мога да изям

English: 
it doesn't take away from someone else.
And the reason why scarcity is essential
to economics is because
economics is the study
of how do you allocate
these scarce resources.
If there's more demand for it
than the amount of thing that there is,
well, who gets it, how
much of it do they get,
and what do they have to give up
in exchange to get those scarce resources?
But for the sake of this video,
let's just first make sure we understand
and have a good idea of what resources
are scarce and which ones aren't, and why.
So this is a picture of caviar,
which is essentially fish eggs,
and it's not easy to get.
The fish eggs are deep in the water,
someone has to get to them, and then
they have to package it in some way,
and they have to get it to your plate.
And so, do you think that caviar
is a scarce resource or a free resource?
Well, if it was a free
resource, that means
that we're just swimming in caviar,
that it's so abundant
that I could just have
as much caviar as I want and there's still

Polish: 
nie odbiera ona dostępu do tego zasobu nikomu innemu.
Powodem dla którego niedobór jest niezbędny
w ekonomii, jest to, że ekonomia to nauka o
sposobie alokowania ograniczonych zasobów.
Jeśli istnieje zapotrzebowanie na zasób
większe niż jego ilość,
wtedy ekonomia bada, kto je dostaje, jaką ich ilość dostaje,
oraz z czego musi zrezygnować
w zamian za te rzadkie zasoby.
Ze względu na ten film,
upewnijmy się, że rozumiemy
i mamy pojęcie jakie zasoby
są rzadkie, a które nie i dlaczego.
A więc, to jest obraz kawioru,
który jest zasadniczo jajkami ryb,
i jest trudny do pozyskania.
Jaja ryb znajdują się głęboko pod wodą i
ktoś musi się do nich dostać, a potem
musi je jakoś zapakować,
a na końcu musi dostarczyć je na twój talerz.
A więc, myślisz, że kawior
jest rzadkim zasobem lub darmowym zasobem?
Cóż, gdyby był darmowym
zasobem, znaczyłoby to,
że po prostu pływamy w kawiorze,
występuje on tak obficie, że mógłbym mieć tyle
kawioru, ile sobie zamarzę, a cały czas

Bulgarian: 
колкото си поискам
и да остане и за теб.
Да има хайвер за всички,
колкото си поискат.
Очевидно това
не е така.
Хайверът е
ограничен ресурс.
Всъщност той е доста
ограничен ресурс
и за да получиш хайвер,
трябва да дадеш
доста пари.
Това е снимка на работници
във фабрика.
Ресурсът, който виждаме, е
работната сила.
Работната сила е
интересна, защото не е
материална като
хайвера,
но също е ресурс.
За хайвера в чинията ти
може да се каже,
че е ограничен заради
труда, който е необходим,
за да стигне до чинията ти.
А това тук изглежда са мъже, 
които шият нещо от плат.
И така, как ще определиш труда -
като ограничен ресурс
или като неограничен ресурс?
Трудът би бил
неограничен ресурс,
ако хората бяха готови
да работят за другите
и ако биха вложили,
неограничено количество труд,

Polish: 
jest go tak dużo, że każdy dostaje
tyle kawioru, ile chce.
Jednakże, tak w cale nie jest.
Kawior to rzadki zasób.
W rzeczywistości jest to bardzo rzadki zasób,
i dlatego, jeśli go chcesz,
musisz poświęcić dosyć dużo w zamian.
To jest obraz
ludzi pracujących w fabryce,
i zasobem widocznym tutaj jest praca.
Praca jest interesująca, ponieważ nie jest
tak namacalna jak kawior,
jednakże jest to cały czas zasób.
Można powiedzieć, że część rzadkości kawioru na twoim talerzu
opiera się na pracy, która musi zostać wykonana,
aby kawior dotarł na twój talerz.
Jednakże, wydaje mi się, że tutaj widzimy
panów składających
jakiś rodzaj tkaniny.
A więc, uznałbyś pracę
za rzadki zasób, czy może
za darmowy zasób?
Praca byłaby darmowym zasobem, gdyby ludzie
byliby gotowi do wykonania
nieskończonej ilości pracy

English: 
as much as you want and that everyone gets
as much caviar as they like.
Well, that's clearly not the case.
Caviar is a scarce resource.
In fact it is a quite scarce resource,
and because of that, if you want it,
you have to give up a good bit to get it.
This is a picture of some
people working in a factory,
and the resource that jumps
out here is that of labor.
And labor's interesting because it's not
as tangible as something like caviar
but it is a resource.
And one could even argue
that caviar on your plate,
some of its scarcity comes
from the labor involved
of getting it to your plate.
But here these are clearly, it looks like
these are gentlemen who
are putting together
some type of fabric.
And so, would you consider labor,
would you consider that a scarce resource
or a free resource?
Well, it would be a
free resource if people
were willing to just do as
much work for other people,
actually willing to do an
infinite amount of work

English: 
for other people, which
isn't even humanly possible.
And even is it was humanly possible,
people aren't willing to do that.
They want something in return.
And so, once again, it
is a scarce resource.
There's many resources that
are pictured right here.
You have this beautiful town
next to this alpine lake.
And so, some clear scarce
resources are here.
Many people would love to have a view
like you would get from
this house or hotel
right over here, but not everyone,
and many people would love to live there
because of the view, but
not everyone can live there.
So that is a scarce resource.
The water here is an interesting one.
I can imagine in earlier times,
if before there was a town here,
if there was just a primitive village
living next to this fresh water,
they would probably view
it as a free resource.
If someone was thirsty,
they would just go up
to the lake and they would
just drink from the lake.
They would not have to give up
anything to drink from that.
But now the town, it
might be a little bit more

Bulgarian: 
което само по себе си не е в
човешките възможности.
А дори да беше
възможно,
хората не биха го направили.
Те искат нещо в замяна.
И затова трудът е
ограничен ресурс.
На снимката тук
има много ресурси.
Виждаш този красив град
до алпийско езеро.
Тук имаме някои явно
ограничени ресурси.
Много хора биха искали
да се насладят
на гледката от
тази къща или хотел ето тук
и много биха искали 
да живеят там заради гледката,
но не всеки може
да живее там.
Това е ограничен ресурс.
Водата е интересен случай.
Представям си, че преди
да построят града тук
е имало едно селце.
Тъй като са живеели
до вода,
хората сигурно са я мислели
за неограничен ресурс.
Ако някой бил жаден,
можел да отиде
до езерото и
да пие директно от него.
Нямало е нужда да
дават нищо в замяна.
Но сега за града
водата може да е

Polish: 
dla innych ludzi, co jest fizycznie niemożliwe.
A nawet jeśliby było,
ludzie nie chcieliby tego zrobić.
Ludzie chcą czegoś w zamian za swoją pracę.
A więc, znowu, praca to ograniczony zasób.
Na tym zdjęciu widzimy dużo zasobów.
Mamy piękne miasto, a obok jezioro, w Alpach.
Widzimy tutaj trochę ograniczonych zasobów.
Wiele osób chciałoby mieć widok
jaki jest z tego domu, lub hotelu,
jednakże nie każdy,
ponadto wielu ludzi chciałoby tam zamieszkać,
ze względu na widok, ale
nie każdy może tam zamieszkać.
A więc, jest to ograniczony zasób.
Tutejsza woda jest interesująca.
Mogę sobie wyobrazić, że we wcześniejszych czasach,
zanim było tu miasto,
była tu tylko prymitywna wioska,
ludzie żyjący w pobliżu tej świeżej wody
prawdopodobnie uznawali ją za darmowy zasób.
Jeśli ktoś był spragniony, po prostu szedł
do jeziora i pił z niego.
Ci ludzie nie musieli oddać niczego w zamian za możliwość wypicia wody.
Jednakże teraz, kiedy jest tu miasto, woda prawdopodobnie

Polish: 
jest ograniczonym zasobem.
Ludzie mogą chcieć ją zachować z różnych powodów.
Aby dostarczyć wodę do zlewu
w twoim domu, prawdopodobnie, potrzeba zaangażować pewne usługi,
towary, lub pracę.
Ktoś musi podłączyć rury,
może wszystko musi być wyczyszczone.
Wtedy woda może stać się
ograniczonym zasobem.
Przez większość naszej historii powietrze
było uważane za darmowy zasób.
I nawet dzisiaj, myślę, że
tlen, przynajmniej na naszej planecie
jest uważany za darmowy zasób.
Kiedy ja biorę głęboki wdech,
to nie oznacza, że ty możesz wziąć mniejszy, lub nie możesz go wziąć wcale.
Nie zabieram ci tlenu.
Czy w naszej atmosferze znajdują się nieograniczone
zasoby tlenu?
Nie. Jednakże, biorąc pod uwagę nasze potrzeby, może się wydawać,
że jest go nieskończona ilość.
Gdyby rośliny przeprowadzające fotosyntezę znikły
i nagle zasoby tlenu w atmosferze zaczęłyby się zmniejszać,
lub bylibyśmy na stacji kosmicznej, gdzie nie ma
pozornie nieskończonych zapasów tlenu,
wtedy można sobie wyobrazić świat
w którym tlen jest ograniczonym zasobem.

English: 
of a scarce resource.
They might want to preserve
it for various reasons.
In order to get the water to your sink
in your house, there
might be some services
or goods or labor involved.
Someone has to set up the pipes,
maybe it has to be cleaned in some way.
Well, then it might
become a little bit more
of a scarce resource.
Air for most of human history
has been considered a free resource.
And even today I'd argue that something
like oxygen, at least on our planet,
is considered a free resource.
When I take a deep
breath (breathes deeply)
it does not affect your
ability to take a deep breath.
It does not take oxygen away from you.
Now is there an infinite amount of oxygen
in our atmosphere?
No. But for our purposes it feels
like there's an infinite amount.
Now if the photosynthetic
plants were to disappear
and all of a sudden oxygen
started to get diminished,
or if we were in a space
station where there isn't
a seemingly infinite amount of oxygen,
well then you could imagine a world
where it could become a scarce resource.

Bulgarian: 
по-ограничен ресурс.
Хората може да я
събират за различни цели.
За да тече вода от мивката ти
вкъщи,
използваш услуги. стоки,, работна сила.
Някой полага тръбопровод,
той трябва да се почиства
по някакъв начин.
И така водата се превръща
в по-ограничен ресурс.
В човешката история въздухът
се е смятал за
неограничен ресурс.
Дори днес бих казал, че кислородът, 
поне на нашата планета,
се счита за неограничен ресурс.
Когато си поема дълбоко дъх
(вдишва дълбоко),
това не влияе на твоята
възможност да вдишаш дълбоко.
Не ти се намалява кислородът.
Дали има неизчерпаемо
количество кислород
в нашата атмосфера?
Не. Но за нашите цели
изглежда, че количеството е
неограничено.
Ако започнат да изчезват
фотосинтетичните растения
и изведнъж кислородът
започне да намалява,
или ако сме на космическа
станция, където има
ограничено количество кислород,
тогава можеш
да си представиш свят,
в който кислородът
е ограничен ресурс.

Polish: 
Możesz sobie wyobrazić kolonię na Księżycu,
na Marsie, czy na stacji kosmicznej
gdzie istnieje system gospodarczy
określający ilość tlenu przysługującą jednostce.
Zostawiam was z tym.
Jak już wspomniano, niedobór
jest centralną ideą w nauce ekonomii.
Jest on powodem dlaczego w ogóle
potrzebujemy nauki o nazwie ekonomia.
Wraz z twoimi postępami w nauce obydwu,
mikro i makroekonomii, razem będziemy patrzeć
na sposoby alokowania ograniczonych zasobów.
Spróbujemy dowiedzieć się co ludzie muszą poświęcić
w celu pozyskania niektórych zasobów,
oraz użyjemy modeli, które pomogą nam
zrozumieć, jakie są możliwe konsekwencje
różnych metod alokacji zasobów.

English: 
You can imagine a colony on the Moon
or on Mars or in the space station
where it had some type of economic system
to decide who gets how much oxygen.
So I will leave you there.
As already mentioned, scarcity
is the central idea in all of economics.
It's the reason why we even need
a field called economics.
And as you go forward
in your study of both
micro and macroeconomics, we'll be looking
at ways to allocate
these scarce resources.
We'll try to study what
people have to give up
in order to have access
to these resources,
and we will have models that will help us
understand what are the implications
for these different methods
of allocating resources.

Bulgarian: 
Представи си колония
на Луната
на Марс или на
космическата станция,
където има някаква
икономическа система,
която изчислява
кой колко кислород да получава.
Спирам дотук.
Както казахме, недостигът
е основната идея в
икономиката.
Това е причината
да се нуждаем
от науката икономика.
И като напредваш в
изучаването на
микро- и макроикономика,
ще разглеждаме
начини да разпределяме
тези ограничени ресурси.
Ще изучаваме нещата,
които хората трябва да заменят,
за да имат достъп
до тези ресурси
и ще създаваме модели,
които ще ни помогнат
да разберем какви са последиците
от различните методи за
разпределяне на ресурсите.
