hi my name is May Beaubrun and I'm a board
certified behavior analyst with Brett
DiNovi & associates and in this video
I'll be talking about discounting and
how it's associated to problem behaviors
and some general treatment
recommendations for impulsive 'ti for a
more general overview on discounting
check out our video by my colleague
Heather Francisco so what is this county
discounting is when rewards lose their
value as a result of the delay and worse
they received the rate of the delay of
discounting is how fast reward loses
this value is termed as delayed
discounting discounting has a
significant impact on choice making
especially how delay the consequences so
now let's talk about decision making
this isn't making when making a decision
one may or may not forego small
immediate gains for larger Wars in the
future when it's time to make that
choice some examples are whether or not
to study for an exam eat healthier be
more active get a better night's sleep
or save money one of the things
associated with discounting is the
hyperbolic equation by mathur and the
article that came out in 1987 basically
talks about an equation which is v
equals a divided by 1 plus KD what does
it all mean okay it's a sensitivity to
change in the delay or discounting in
other words the larger degree of
discounting the K the quicker the
discounted value decreases over time for
example would you rather wait one day
they get $10 or wait a year to get
$1,000 so how does this all relate to
problem behavior the pom behaviors I'll
be discussing your gambling high risk
sexual behaviors ultra-violet indoor
tanning and obesity Pacific myth
gambling research suggests delay
discounting indicated that gamblers
discount delayed rewards more steeply
than control participants the
sensitivity to changes in the delay or
discounting were significantly higher
for gamblers better for the control
group so gamblers were not willing to
forego small immediate gains for larger
future games therefore they're willing
to bet large quantities of money will
jewelry cars or homes or other valuables
also according to research individuals
who are impulsive with money are likely
to be impulsive with alcohol and
cigarettes as well research also
supports that higher discounting for
individuals who have addictions
now let's talk about discounting and
high-risk sexual behaviors primary
reinforcers including sexual intercourse
are discounted steeper than conditioned
reinforcers for example waiting to
access find and wear a condom
are delays to accessing that
reinforcement as a primary reinforcer
sex is discounted steeper therefore
people forgo practicing safe sex despite
the risk associated with unprotected
sexual activity for another problem
behavior associated with discounting is
the use of ultraviolet indoor tanning
beds there's growing research that that
suggests the ultraviolent indoor tanning
beds are addictive and there's a link
between indoor ultraviolet indoor
tanning and skin cancers and melanoma
there remains no consensus on how to
identify ultraviolet indoor tanning
addictive tendencies in the reader a
tall article they used a tanning
purchasing task which was a self-report
questionnaire regarding hypothetical
ultraviolet indoor tanning scenarios
what they found was the demand for a
tanning package was relatively lower
when the price for tanning packages was
framed
per minute as opposed to per session
these are important implications for
policy makers for advertising and
pricing government should consider
requiring tanning establishments to
display the tinted packages per minute
rather than per session the last problem
behavior I'll be discussing is obesity
food insecure individuals are concerned
or don't know where their next meal is
coming from food insecure individuals
are more likely to purchase us expensive
foods that are higher in sugar fat and
refined carbohydrates as opposed to
fruits vegetables or other high protein
foods as a result food insecure
individuals especially those who are
obese exhibit more impulsive food choice
patterns than food secure individuals in
the Henrickson remson
article they propose mindful eating as a
behavioral strategy to eat more slowly
and deliberately now let's discuss some
treatment recommendations for children
and adults who exhibit poor impulse
control treatment research for children
suggests that children with impulse
control response a small immediate
reinforcing items activities such as
access to food or television or
attention
treatment recommendation for children
with poor impulse control his use of
visual cues to indicate when the desired
or request that item or activity will
become available current recommendations
for adults with impulse control problem
suggest token economy systems and
response costs were effective
contingency management strategies to
decrease aggressive behaviors and adults
in the criminal justice system according
to the Gendreau a tall article please
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