One of the unsolved mysteries of quantum physics
is the dark matter that Scientists are trying
to find. But they haven't been detected yet.
But as we know, To reach any goal, we have
to go through many paths. So in the same manner,
Scientists have to find some of the ways before
finding Dark Matter. One attempt by Scientists
to find Dark Matter is that, if they detects
the 5th force, then through it they can detect
Dark Matter.
We know that, classical physics consists of
four fundamental forces - Weak, Strong, Electromagnetic
and Gravitational Force. According to the
Physicist, 5th force can be the means, through
which we can combine weak and strong forces
with electromagnetic force.
In 2015, a team of physicists at Hungary's
Institute for Nuclear Research was looking
for "dark photons," which are hypothetical
particles believed to "carry" dark matter.
To find this out, the team has accelerated
the photons in particle accelerator and bombarded
the photons on lithium atom, so that the lithium
atom decays into Beryllium 8. And Berylliym
8 is a radioactive particle which immediately
decays. Beryllium 8 decay does not emit as
much light as was expected, but a little bump
of light comes out. Which seemed to be abnormal
for researchers. With the decay of beryllium
8, the electrons and positrons inside the
nucleus, move away from each other, creating
an angle of 140 degrees. This shouldn't have
happened, according to the law of conservation
of energy. The results suggested that there
must be an unknown particle created in this
decay.
This test was repeated many times, in the
same lab and every time its result was same.
In 2016, this test was also performed in America
and they also got the same results.
It is thought that the moment the atom decays,
excess energy among its constituent parts,
briefly creates a new unknown particle, which
then almost immediately decays into a recognisable
positron and electron pair. The unknown particle, described
as a “protophobic X boson”. Let me tell
you one thing here the work of Boson is to
carry week forces between the particles like
gluons work for strong forces, photons for
electromagnetic forces and hypothetical particle
graviton for gravitational forces. But this
Boson particle is not like them. Researchers
claim that this new Boson is unlike the others.
The new boson has the attractive feature of
interacting only with electrons and neutrons
at short distance only.
The particle has been named X17, as its mass
is calculated to be 17 megaelectronvolts.
But when researchers have repeated those tests
on an isotope of helium, they got the same
result. Except the deflection angle between
electron and positron is 115 degree not 140
degree.
They told that,"This feature is similar to
the anomaly observed in 8Be, and seems to
be in agreement with the X17 boson decay scenario".
In near future if it is confirmed by further
experiments, then this discovery of a possible
fifth force would completely change our understanding
of the universe, with consequences for the
unification of forces and dark matter.
Guys, that's all for this topic, but I have
to tell you something else too. In recent
research paper, it is mathematically confirmed
that axions can exist, they are building block
of dark matter, like electrons and protons
for normal matter. They can be found on earth
in semimetals in the form of a wave. This
will give some hope to the physicist, if dark
matter is present, otherwise in recent years,
now questions have also arisen on the Big
Bang theory.
So that's all for now, If you have watched
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