What is: Steel Dragon 2000
Steel Dragon 2000 is a steel giga coaster
located at Nagashima Spa Land, in Nagashima, Japan.
The ride originally opened to the public as
the world’s tallest, fastest and longest
full-circuit roller coaster, featuring the
world’s longest roller coaster drop.
Though it no longer holds all of these records,
the ride still remains the longest roller
coaster in the world, measuring close to 2.5km,
1.5 miles in length.
Steel Dragon 2000 debuted to the public in
the midst of the “Coaster Wars” - a period
in time which saw theme parks across the world
battle to create world record breaking roller coasters.
The wars officially began in 1989 with the
debut of Magnum XL-200 at Cedar Point.
Magnum became the world’s first roller coaster
to break the 200ft 61m height barrier, being
dubbed a hyper coaster in the process.
This quickly sparked other parks to do the
same.
Blackpool Pleasure Beach opened the Big One,
a roller coaster standing 213ft 65m high, in 1994.
Then 2 years later, Fujiyama at Fuji-Q Highland
became the world’s tallest roller coaster,
measuring 259ft 79m high.
And it was these attractions that caused other
parks to construct non-record breaking hyper
coasters of their own; including the ride
that would go on to inspire Steel Dragon 2000,
Mamba at Worlds of Fun.
In the years prior to the new millenium, Nagashima
Spa Land’s general manager accompanied the
park’s president to the United States to
test out roller coasters and determine what
would be a good fit for their park.
The pair visited Cedar Point, as well as a
few other regional amusement parks, including
Worlds of Fun in Kansas City Missouri.
Upon riding Mamba, the park’s Morgan Hyper coaster, Nagashima Spa Land’s president was impressed.
At that moment in time, he knew he wanted
a similar ride at his theme park.
The pair approached Morgan with the desire
to build a roller coaster very similar to
Mamba, but 100ft 30m taller - their intention
being to construct the world’s tallest roller coaster.
The president of Morgan quickly welcomed the
project, as many aspects of the ride’s design
were already known.
From this point on, the companies got to work.
Steel Dragon 2000 was actually designed by
17 in-house engineers and 6 external ones.
Steve Okamoto, designer of Mamba, used a piece
of software he had created previously to produce
the rides track path in a 3-D perspective.
This helped the team overcome the additional
challenges faced during the designing process,
including that of making the ride earthquake
resistant.
Nagashima, and most of Japan, is an earthquake
prone region.
To combat this, Steel Dragon 2000 was built
using 1.5 times the amount of steel normally
required for a roller coaster of this huge
scale.
As stated previously, the park’s president
originally wanted a version of Mamba 100ft taller.
In the initial plans, this equated to a roller
coaster standing 94m 308ft tall.
However, because the number 4 is considered
unlucky in Japanese culture, changes were
made to the ride’s height, eventually causing
it to be increased to 97m 318ft.
Little did the designers know at the time,
this was a critical decision.
Thousands of miles away, at roughly the same
point in time, another theme park project
was aiming to be the world’s tallest.
Cedar Point, one of the parks the Nagashima
Spa Land general manager and president visited,
was hoping to regain their title.
Cedar Point partnered with Intamin to construct
the world’s tallest roller coaster.
As they’d done so before with Magnum XL-200,
they created a whole new definition of height
for their newest attraction.
And in May of 2000 they debuted Millennium
Force, the world’s first giga coaster.
Measuring a record breaking 310ft 94m high,
their creation towered above the rest.
The world’s tallest roller coaster was once
again back at Cedar Point, like it was at
the start of the ‘Coaster Wars’ - but
not for long.
What they didn’t know was that another record breaking ride would open to guests only  several months later.
Originally destined to be shorter than Millennium
Force, the increased height of Steel Dragon
2000 meant that it would become the world’s
tallest roller coaster.
And, on the 1st of August 2000 it did just
that.
Designed by Steve Okamoto and costing Nagashima
Spa Land 5.5 Billion Yen, approximately 52
Million USD at the time; the ride opened to
great fanfare.
In fact, the park held a Shinto religious
blessing for their newest attraction on the
day of its debut, which was followed by first
rides by park officials and the design team.
Breaking a total of four world records, the
ride’s debut was met with a fantastic reception.
During the first two months of operation over
500,000 guests got to experience the world’s
tallest roller coaster.
It seemed that three years worth of construction,
which saw the assembly over 280 track segments
and 300 supports, was worth it.
At this point, you might be wondering where
the name “Steel Dragon 2000” came from.
If you break it down it’s quite simple.
The ride is a steel roller coaster, hence
‘Steel’; and opened to visitors in the
year 2000, hence ‘2000’.
The ‘Dragon’ aspect of the title also
relates to the year.
2000 was the year of the Dragon in Eastern
culture, completing the ride’s full name:
Steel Dragon 2000.
But what does a ride on this steel dragon
actually look like?
Once guests have navigated the queue line,
they enter the station building.
Here, they board one of three trains.
Originally, these trains were manufactured
by Morgan, each featuring 6 cars.
These cars sat riders in 3 rows of 2, leading
to a total of 36 guests per train.
However, in 2013, the trains were replaced
with brand new ones from Bolliger and Mabillard, B&M.
These trains drastically changed the ride
experience.
Where Morgan’s design consisted of box-like
cars, B&M produced a much more open design.
Guests are raised away from the trains chassis,
with a clamshell lap bar featuring shin guards
to hold them in.
This exposes riders to the elements, making
Steel Dragon 2000 feel taller, faster and
generally more intense.
Because of the ride’s huge scale, the trains
were also produced with large 46cm 18 inch
diameter wheels to reduce the heat generated
via friction with the track; and a front car
nose that has been flared upwards to deflect
wind.
Overall, B&M’s design consists of 7 cars,
each of which seat riders in 2 rows of 2.
This leads to a total of 28 visitors per train.
Once they’ve boarded, the vehicles are dispatched
from the station building, completing a right
hand turn in the process.
They then engage with the lift hill and begin
the colossal climb.
Part way through the ascent, the cars engage
with a 2nd separate chain lift mechanism.
The weight of a single chain spanning the
entire hill was initially too great.
To combat this, it was split in two, causing
the entire lift hill to utilise two separate
chain lift segments.
Nevertheless, once riders reach the top, they
tower 97m 318ft above the ground, giving them
fantastic views of their surroundings.
But, not for long, as guests suddenly find
themselves staring down the huge, originally
record breaking, 93.5m 307ft drop.
Seconds later, the trains plummet down the
first descent, at the maximum vertical angle
of 68 degrees.
One 300ft fall later, guests reach the top
speed of 153kmh 95mph, a world record at the
time of opening.
Immediately after, the trains begin to climb
the first 77m 252ft tall hill.
This is followed by a second large drop, and
a second climb.
What’s interesting is the first two of Steel
Dragon’s hills both measure over 61m 200ft
tall, making them taller than most roller
coasters around the globe.
After the 2nd climb, riders bank right and
complete a long curved drop.
This transitions directly into a drawn out
upward helix to the right, followed by a second
helix to the left.
Guests continue the helix, traversing a wide
low-to-the-ground left hand turn.
A small dip and s-bank later and the trains
ascend into the mid-course brake run.
During the first half of the ride, the average
speed visitors travel at is a ridiculous 90kph 55mph.
But the 2nd half is where the fun begins.
Guests navigate not one, not two, but six
back-to-back airtime hills, through a series of tunnels.
The experience comes to end with one last
climb into the final brake run.
During the entire ride, visitors traverse
2479m 8133ft of track.
Despite being the world’s longest roller
coaster even to this day, the trains complete
the majority of the course during a 86 second
ride, measured from the moment guests leave
the lift hill to when they hit the final brake
run.
The ridiculous amount of speed carried through
the course means that riders fly through a
world record amount of track remarkably quickly.
Sadly, Steel Dragon 2000 hasn’t been thrilling
guests every year since it’s debut.
On the 23rd of August 2003 the ride suffered
an incident with its wheel assembly.
Reports state that the roller coaster lost a wheel from the front car, leading to its temporary closure.
Steel Dragon 2000 remained dormant until the
2nd of September 2006, in which it  reopened to guests.
As for its original records, three of the
four have been taken during its lifetime.
Dodonpa at Fuji-Q Highland opened to the public
in 2001 as the world’s fastest roller coaster,
launching guests from 0 to 172kmh 107mph in
1.8 seconds.
While Cedar Point’s Top Thrill Dragster
debuted in 2003 as the world’s tallest roller
coaster, featuring the longest drop on any
roller coaster around the globe.
Measuring 130m 420ft high, and featuring a
drop of 120m 400ft, the ride also stole the
speed record from Dodonpa, as it accelerates
riders from 0 to 190kmh 120mph in 4 seconds.
When compared to newer giga coasters also,
Steel Dragon 2000 is unlike the rest.
While most focus on speed and heavily banked
turns, instead of large airtime hills; Steel
Dragon does the opposite.
It closely resembles the old school hyper
coaster layouts of its time, and because of
this, currently stands as the only giga coaster
to feature a large airtime hill directly after the first drop.
But is this a bad thing?
Would you like to see parks build more ride’s
of this scale with a distinct focus on airtime?
Let us know in the comments down below.
Thank you for watching, and we’ll see you
all next time.
A big thanks goes to OurWorlds for letting
us use their awesome POV, I’ll link the
full video, as well as the other videos used
in this one, in the description below.
