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Let's face it folks, the new health care reform
law is com-plex. It runs about a 1,000 pages
even in tiny print.
So it's no surprise that very few Americans
have actually read it.
But it's about to affect all of us, and many
have been wondering what it will mean for
our health, our wallets and our country.
Let's say we take all 310 million Americans
and squish us down to just 25 people.
Yep, each of these folks would represent about
12 million of us. And this is pretty much
what we'd look like.
Polls show about three out of ten of us say
health care reform will make us better off,
a similar number say worse off, and a similar
number again say it won't make much difference
at all.
Some of us don't know what to think. I guess
you could say we're kinda split on this one.
But no matter where you stand on the issue,
it's likely you're thinking, "Hello? I got
some basic questions still unanswered here."
And you deserve real answers, not the partisan
rhetoric and spin we've been flooded with.
So let's break down what the reform law does
and doesn't do and what it will cost. If you
want to read the whole law, go ahead. But
watching this video is the next best thing.
Ready to jump in?
Let's begin with the problems in our current
health care system. Problem number one is,
what problem number one usually is, money.
Most people agree that health insurance policies
are too expensive.
For a family, the average premium is almost
$14,000 dollars a year…and growing. Premiums
have doubled over the last nine years, ballooning
way faster than inflation!
Plus, our population is aging, meaning more
people with more health problems. So, health
care costs are the fastest growing part of
the federal budget.
The second problem is that the system is full
of holes. Like the fact that people buying
insurance on their own can be turned down
for having a pre-existing health condition.
Small businesses may be charged extra if some
of the workers are sick, making insurance
unaffordable. And some insurance policies
have a lifetime limit on benefits. After that,
you're out of luck.
That means some of the people least likely
to have coverage are the ones who need it
most. Nice, huh?
High costs and holes in the system mean more
than one in seven of us have no health insurance
to protect us at all.
Many more struggle to pay their bills and
can only afford bare minimum policies that
may not cover much.
High costs to households, strain on the federal
budget and people with no protection.
It's easy to see why many people were looking
for something different.
So here's what the health reform law plans
to do in its first phase, between now and
2014.
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To start dealing with costs, insurers will
be limited in how they spend our premium dollars.
If they use too much for administrative costs
or profits, they'll be forced to give some
of it back through rebates. This won't stop
premium increases, but it may help some.
Some services will become free in all new
private insurance policies, and in Medicare
 -- preventive care like screenings and vaccinations.
[baby crying]
People on Medicare, because they're over 65
or disabled, will get more help with their
drug costs.
Young people can save money and stay insured
by remaining on their parents' policies up
to age 26.
And some small businesses will get tax breaks
to help them pay for health insurance for
their workers.
And the holes? Well, some will be closed starting
now too. Lifetime limits on health coverage
will be gone, whether you buy insurance on
your own or get it from your employer.
And it will be illegal to turn kids down for
having a pre-existing health condition, like
asthma or diabetes.
Of course, some adults who buy insurance on
their own will still be getting rejected between
now and 2014. But those who do can enter something
called a high-risk pool, run by the government.
No, it's more like a policy that covers the
sickest uninsured people, meaning it's riskier
for insurance companies. That's why the government
will chip in some money to bring down the
cost.
Some say these high-risk pools will help a
lot of people. Others say these pools will
still be too expensive, and may not have enough
government money to stay in business until
they're replaced by something better, in Phase
II.
On New Year's Day 2014, some big changes kick
in. [cheers]
First, let's look at how the law makes health
care more affordable.
Medicaid will be expanded to cover all low-income
individuals and families in every state.
And depending on what you make, if you lose
your job or your employer doesn't provide
decent coverage, you may get a health insurance
tax credit.
And while most of us will continue to get
health insurance at work just like now, if
you don't have that option, you'll be able
to buy coverage in what's called an "Exchange."
You'll be hearing a lot about them, so let's
stop and look at how they work.
An exchange is like a virtual insurance mega-mall.
Based on where you live, you'll get an easy-to-understand
menu of options to compare plans in plain
English. And the exchange makes sure insurance
companies compete fairly under strict rules.
The idea is that by giving consumers good
information, a fair playing field and access
to lots of choices, competition among insurers
will keep rates competitive.
Now, onto plugging the holes. In 2014 insurers
will no longer be able to turn people down
or charge them more if they're sick.
You might say, hold on a minute, if I can't
be turned down or charged more, why not just
wait until I get sick or injured to buy insurance
at all?
Not so fast buddy. See, with few exceptions,
people will be required to have insurance
or pay a special tax. Same with larger businesses,
who will pay fines if they don't insure their
workers.
Of course, nobody likes being told they have
to buy anything. But without this rule, experts
say you can't require that everyone be eligible
for coverage. Imagine telling home insurers
they have to cover people whose houses are
already on fire!
So the government will provide credits, expanded
programs and new rules. They say that by 2019,
32 million of us who don't have health insurance
will have it. Some of those who will still
be uninsured: undocumented immigrants, who
aren't eligible for coverage under the law.
No surprise, all this is going to cost money.
938 billion dollars over the next ten years,
according to the Congressional Budget Office,
the impartial referee when Congress debates
these kinds of things.
It's a lot of money, sure, but if you look
at it another way, it's 2% of our federal
budget, and 3% of what we'll be spending on
health care overall.
Now, the President and Congress insisted these
new costs will be paid for so they don't push
the budget deficit up any further. That means
money will come out of someone's pocket. That's
where the tough politics come in.
A lot of the savings will come from health
care providers and insurers in the Medicare
program.
The fees the government pays to hospitals
under Medicare won't be allowed to rise as
fast as they have been.
And, insurance companies that provide services
to people on Medicare will be paid less.
Medicare will also create a bunch of experiments
around the country to test different ways
of paying doctors, hospitals and other providers
to make the health care system more efficient,
and improve the quality of care.
With luck some of these experiments will work,
and then be adopted by the private sector
and help lower costs for employers and families
too.
Plus, a new federal advisory board will make
recommendations about other ways to deal with
increases in health care costs.
Some taxes will go up too. People with high
earnings will pay higher Medicare taxes. There
will be new taxes on insurers and businesses
who offer high-end benefit plans, and on companies
that make medical devices and drugs.
And oh, anyone who visits a tanning salon
now has to pay a new tax too.
With these new cost-cutting measures and new
taxes, the Congressional Budget Office says
the whole package will actually reduce the
federal deficit over the next ten years. Of
course, the total federal deficit is expected
to run into the trillions, so the health reform
law isn't going to solve that problem.
Well, that's the reform law. Do you love it,
hate it, still don't know?
Either way, there's still a lot of work ahead.
You'll be hearing lots of different things
about this law. Some people support reform,
and if anything want to expand it and increase
government oversight of insurers and the health
care industry.
Others oppose it, and think it creates too
big a role for the government.
Some states have even gone to court claiming
the requirement that everyone buy insurance
is unconstitutional.
Politicians and pundits will be talking to
you as if you've got no idea what's in that
thousand-page law.
But by watching this, you're on your way to
getting informed.
And you can make sure your friends and family
are too, just by passing this little video
around.
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