That's beautiful. Okay! How are you? All right. Very good. 
This is chemistry 1P, so if you don't want to hear about chemistry, then this is your time to get out, run outdoors, sit in the park, enjoy yourself.   
We will be enjoying ourselves right here, and I'll be
assisting you in this first lecture, and I'm going to point out a couple of important points for this next quarter regarding this class. 
All right, so let me first- Woah- this looks interesting- ooh! That's um...
I want to introduce your instructor, so unfortunately 
not this guy-- also not this guy-- but it's 
it's myself. I changed a little bit
over the years 
I'm about four years old at this time
I still have that sweater, though 
and this is my email address
don't abuse it, okay? And this is where I live. So if you need me, that's where I am 
I do have office hours. Let me lower the volume a little bit; this is really really--- I think this is better. So my office hours are on Mondays and Wednesdays 
in the morning at 9:00 o'clock so you're welcome to walk into my office and ask me questions, and you won't be doing that probably directly on Monday directly but when the quarter evolves
it's a good thing to 
stay in contact and ask me questions in case you're not sure about anything that's going on in the course. 
Okay. So what are we going to talk about? 
This is Chemistry 1P
it's an introduction class to chemistry 
it covers a whole bunch of things about chemistry that we need to know before we go in to start
the Chemistry 1A series
1A, B, and C. Okay so this class really prepares you for that.
It gives you a lot of information 
and after this you should be ready to basically dive in to the Chemistry 
1A, B, and C series
so we'll start with some general things
talking about numbers and units
chemistry is one of the natural sciences and we will be
using some very careful calculations. You have to do those correctly, so you need to be able to look at the numbers 
and units and most of this you already know, but I just want to make sure that you can do this and that we speak the same language. 
Atoms and ions, of course, those are the 
key building blocks 
this is the thing that defines chemistry. Atoms and ions. And molecules. We will be introducing these pointing out their differences, and pointing out their general architecture of each of them. 
the midterm, 
and after the midterm, 
we start talking about atomic mass, mass calculations, 
and stoichiometry. So again, we'll be 
using chemical concepts
doing calculations, and we'll try to solve some chemical problems 
and then finally, after the second midterm, 
which is a little late in 
the season unfortunately, I can't help it because it kind of
coincides with the Thanksgiving holiday, and so we have to push it up to November 3rd.
So it's a little late in the season but, you know, again, I apologize for it in advance.  
Finally, after the second midterm, we'll be looking at several chemical reactions, doing chemical calculations with them and again, we'll try to solve some chemical problems. 
Okay? So by the end of this ride you should be ready to take on some 
very basic and general chemistry problems. 
Okay! So let's start with- we're going to top off this lecture with- and this is a lecture that's probably a little bit on the short side of things-- we're going to introduce the concept of chemistry in the next couple of slides. 
Okay. What is matter? That is an important question because chemistry deals with matter. Chemistry is a science that looks at matter and is trying to understand why is matter the way it is. Can we understand that? Can we do something useful with that? Okay? That is what we are trying to do in chemistry. So this is Earth, okay? 
and like it or not you are on this planet. And if you zoom 
in a little bit you see here, this is Southern California, right? You may recognize this. This is a very cool day because look at all these wildfires. It's pretty dramatic. 
So we are somewhere-right? This is kind of Los Angeles/Orange County right here 
we zoom in-OOH! This is LA. 
So why do I show this? Because basically, I mean, the whole planet is made up of materials- California is made up of materials, water and land mass. Los Angeles is made up of materials.
All these buildings are made of things. You can touch them, you can hold them 
That is stuff. That stuff is peculiar. 
and chemistry has something to say about those things. 
so let's go in 
a little further
this is Santa Monica, two people here, 
diving in, into these people, 
OOH! Into their bodies. 
If you've seen things like this, this is, you know, cells, all right? You know that. 
I don't have to tell you everything. But, 
these cells of course are composed of stuff. The stuff are materials and these materials are composed of 
even smaller structures than this. 
So if we zoom in even more we find proteins, for instance, 
this is one big protein 
every little 
color here 
is an individual atom. 
and this whole thing
is a molecule. And this is the level where chemistry is trying to say something interesting. 
This is the level where chemistry is trying to make connections and trying to understand why certain molecules behave in certain ways, why materials feel  
soft or hard, okay? So it
all comes from the molecular structure. 
That's what chemists do. 
So if we zoom in even more we see something like this, we see individual atoms here
an ion, a calcium ion, 
in the protein, and then  
the very basic building block
in chemistry is the atom. The atom is the fundamental building block that you deal with in chemistry. This looks atom-as. Atom-like. 
but this is not necessarily true. This is just a 
rendering
by an artist
that is off. 
because this is not something
that I would recommend as an atom 
And we'll talk about that a little bit more in detail during one of the lectures.  
And we'll see, how should we think about that 
what does it really look like? Well can we say something sensible 
about the way it looks 
One thing I can tell you about these atoms, it'ss 
very important, 
they are absolutely real. 
I say this because some people think that they are just some kind of 
abstract notion. Something that their chemistry teacher made up. "The world is made of atoms." 
Since you are much bigger than an atom you will never see one. And if you never see one, how can you 
be sure that they are actually there? If it's just some kind of theoretical framework we are talking about. 
The answer is 
it's not, it's very very real. Very real. 
You can see atoms, not with your own eyes, but with advanced instrumentation.  
So this is a very wonderful 
image
taken by a scanning electronic microscope. 
it's a very advanced instrument that can literally feel where atoms are
and they can see
what is the shape of an atom. How big is it? Where is it? Is it there or is it there?
So this actually indicates that atoms are real things
they have a mass
they can lie here or there. You can take it off and put it somewhere else 
these are real things
these bumps here
are actually ions
in a lattice of sodium chloride, okay? 
they are visualized by these microscopes.
every  bump is an individual ion with individual particles. 
they're real, but
why is it sometimes hard to comprehend what kind of issues there has to be to deal with atoms 
the reason is because they're small. Atoms are very small. And so it just is 
excessively hard to
analyze them, to try to understand how they behave. You need to have pretty sophisticated tools to do that, and that is not easy. 
Now how big are these atoms, actually? 
It's good to know. To get a sense of how big atoms are. 
So let's take this little grain of salt. 
You probably know the size of an individual grain of salt. 
So, that's about half of a millimeter. 
and this is a metric unit you may or may not be familiar with, 
you could also say it's about 1/50 of an inch. 
Okay? The size of a single grain of salt. 
Now if you take one of these guys, let's say this guy, and shrink it by ten million times, then you arrive at the level of an atom. 
This is the world which atoms live. On the 150
picometer scale. 
That's the size of an individual one. This is hydrogen
Okay, you may say, well, 10 million is a big number. Okay? Yeah.
it is a big number, but it's not an inconceivably big number. It is a 
number that you may comprehend
You, not me, may have ten million dollars in your bank account, okay?
That's a lot
but you can still comprehend
the quantity
the number ten million is not a number that is out of our reach- our brain can comprehend that. 
So take this, 
take a number that you can comprehend, 
and then think about the atom
an atom is small, but 
it is not inconceivably small. 
So don't think that
it is so small that you cannot make any sense about it.
These things are real, they have size, they have weight, they have mass I should say, 
and so there is a finiteness to them.
okay. So if we go by this example, this is
another example: Earth, our favorite planet, and
the diameter is about 13x10^(6)
meters, or, for you folks, that can't deal with the metric system, and we'll change that.
8,000 miles is the diameter of earth
If you take that, and you shrink that by the same number,
what is the size? Anybody know? Take a guess. What is about the size
if I shrink Earth 10 million times
is that like the size of a tennis ball or a marble...a car...what do you think? 
it is the size of a bouncy ball
a 1 meter sized bouncy ball. 
So, take Earth, 
you can 
probably understand how big Earth is; shrink that thing to a bouncy ball,
you see? You have
the same kind of
shrinking dimensions
as the one up here
the bouncy ball you can completely understand how big it is
that's finite. It has a mass
You can put it from here to there. Same is true with atoms. Just a lot smaller.
but nothing is infinitely small.
okay
now these atoms
come in a whole variety of different flavors
and we will talk about them in this class, and they are 
ordered in this beautiful 
table called the periodic table
and there's one right there, and right there too. (gestures to tables on classroom walls)
they're always with you there, to keep you company. 
The elements are ordered in this fashion
and we will learn a little bit about why are they ordered in this fashion. 
this is not happenstance. 
They are ordered like this for a particular reason 
and the reason why is possibly beautiful, and you will see how it works. 
The table tells you something about the base architecture  of the atom, why the atom looks the way it looks, 
and why their properties are different from their 
neighbors
This is calcium, this is scandium- they're neighbors
but they're very different 
they have different properties
and you can understand a little bit
about those properties
okay? So knowing the basics about atoms allows you
to understand the differences between atoms and why some atoms are reactive, others are not
and this is the basis for mixing materials, and that is the basis of chemistry. 
Now why should you care? Well, atoms, like I said, are the 
building blocks for materials all around us, this molecule for instance, is a 
composite of one, two, three atoms
So, they're bonded; this is CO2, a very important molecule made up of atoms here
this is a protein
which is also
a molecule made up of atoms
well-manicured
all linked; every little sphere is an individual atom
this is a giant molecule.
this is a molecule, this is too. This one is of course enlarged in comparison to this guy
because this sphere is as big as this.
So two different molecules
completely different size
but, they are both molecules, and they are both made out of atoms. 
and of course, everything around them is made out of atoms. Your body,
your chair that you're sitting on, this table, everything.
Even me! I am also made of atoms. 
and it is all around us!
you cannot escape chemistry; it is literally 
everywhere
here are some
cleaning supplies
look at this molecule here, this is a quintessential 
detergent
and this is a way in which we will draw molecules; you'll learn what this little squiggly thing means
okay? This is a line structure
and this particular molecule here, from the structure itself we can 
already predict how this molecule will behave. And you'll see more about that.  
this is a soap molecule; detergent molecule
for good reasons
Aspirin
is a molecule,right? 
If you take an aspirin or
any other pain killer, there is a molecule you are
putting in your body, it is going to go somewhere
and click somewhere on the receptors in your brain, and in your neurons
and it is changing things in your body in such a way that you don't feel pain as much
but the molecule is doing work 
and the structure of the molecule is related to why 
it does what it does in your body. And so, looking at the structure, and the geometry
and the location of particular bonds
is the key to understanding why this molecule behaves like a painkiller
and not like a 
killer, okay? 
because sometimes a small change anywhere here
can basically put you belly up. 
Ah! Bob Marley knows everything about chemistry
this molecule
is in his little...cigarette
and will make him feel, also, very happy about himself
so, this molecule does something
particular
in the brain, and it's structure, it's chemical structure defines 
it's workings, okay?
Knowing that enables you to leverage this 
okay? You can change the molecule, you can make it do something else, you can change it up so that some people get sick, some people do not, this is really fundamental knowledge about
everything around us. Another example
if you remember this, 
a big explosion, 
in the gulf of Mexico
not very pretty
and the release of these molecules--very simple molecules--just some carbons and hydrogens 
carbohydrate. Or, hydrocarbon, I should say.
and uh...
these molecules are basically the basis of gasoline
and they don't mix well with water, for good reasons, and, you know, because of that, 
these can cause a lot of problems
so, knowing
about these molecules will help you estimate what the situation is. Whether it is a very risky situation or not. 
 You need to know the chemistry of these things. Otherwise,
whatever you say is just nonsense
Okay? Just a guess. 
You have to know the chemistry to predict why 
things are bad or good
another example
which I think is the last
is green energy 
this is the structural formula of cellulose 
much more complicated, as you can see. Again, 
a molecular structure. Atoms come together to form a structure of a particular nature which gives this material
its many properties. 
Okay. So I think you are understanding the methods here I am trying to convey. 
So, Chemistry 1P is talking about all these things; it's trying to, you know, fill in the blanks about things you may not know about molecules and atoms, and how to do calculations with them. How to estimate how much you have of something, how much
you will need of something to react with something else
these are very basic ingredients of chemistry and science
that we will learn about. 
You will learn about them also, because this is very important not just for you if you want to be a chemist
most of you might not want to be chemists 
most people want to be, they want to be doctors
or engineers. Now, you need to know this too, right? Because as an engineer you work with 
materials; you need to know why certain things behave in a certain way 
If you are a doctor you need to know how to make a buffer and how to dose
your medicine
to your patients
If you make a small calculation mistake, you may just kill your patient. 
This is not a joke. 
This is essential information,
essential 
skills, that I am trying to convey to you here. All right! That's it. 
I'm done.
