Hello everyone
In this video, I’ll talk about electricity and it’s related terms.
What is electricity?
Electricity is the flow of electrically charged particles.
What is electric charge?
Electric charge is the physical property of the subatomic particles like
electron, proton and neutron.
Electron is negatively charged particle
proton is positively charged particle
and neutron is zero charged particle.
Here the neutron has equal amounts of positive and negative charges in it.
That is why neutron has net zero charge in it.
Protons and neutrons combined to form nucleus which is at the centre of the atom.
And the electrons revolve around the nucleus.
In solids, the nuclei are strongly bonded with the adjacent atoms
to make the rigid structure of solid.
Hence, the protons are not movable in solids.
But we can move the electrons easily by giving sufficient energy.
Hence the electric current in solids is due to the flow of electrons only.
What is current?
Current is defined as
amount of charge passing through the cross-section of a conductor in 1 second.
The SI unit of current is Ampere.
1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb / 1 second
Here, Coulomb is the unit of charge.
Here the flow of electrons is from –ve terminal to  +ve terminal.
But the current direction is mentioned in the opposite direction of electron flow.
This is because, at the time of discovery of electricity,
the electron was not yet discovered.
So, scientists believed that the electricity is due to the flow of +ve charged particles
from +ve terminal to negative terminal.
Even after the discovery of electron, this notation is not updated.
What is voltage?
Now we know that current is the flow of electrons.
But these electrons won’t flow by themselves.
They need some pushing energy to flow through the wire.
That pushing energy is called voltage.
Here the voltage is provided by the battery.
Battery has mainly three types of components.
Anode, electrolyte and Cathode.
The anode contains excess number of free electrons.
On the other hand, cathode is scarce of electrons.
This difference in electrons distribution creates
a potential difference between anode and cathode.
This potential difference is called voltage.
If higher the excess electrons in the anode, higher will be the voltage.
The electrons try to flow towards cathode.
But the electrolyte opposes the flow of electrons.
So, there is no way to the flow of electrons.
But when the battery connected with a wire,
electrons find a way from anode to cathode through the wire.
The electrons in the anode pushes the free electron in the conductor.
Because like charges repel.
And that electron pushes the next to it,
and so on.
This makes the flow of electrons.
