Hi.
Welcome to www.engvid.com.
I'm Adam.
In today's video I'm going to give
you a bit of an anatomy lesson.
Now, first of all, we have
to understand a few things.
One, this is very scientific things and it's
not necessarily important for everybody, but
it's good to know.
You never know when you might have to talk
to your doctor about some of these things,
some of these issues, and explain
to them what's going on.
Or if the doctor needs to explain to you what
is going on in your body, you can at least
have a basic idea of what he
or she is speaking about.
Another thing to remember is: I'm not a doctor
so if I'm not saying it exactly correct, let
it go.
It's all about English,
not about medicine.
So, don't sue me for
malpractice later.
Okay?
So we're going to
start with anatomy.
What is "anatomy"?
This is basically the structure of the body,
all the parts of the body, inside, outside,
and all around.
And we're going to look today
at the five vital organs.
"Organs" are basically pieces
of equipment inside your body.
"Vital" means crucial, very,
very important, very necessary.
So we're going to talk about the five vital
organs, meaning that if anything happens to
these particular
organs, you could die.
Okay?
So you have to be a little bit careful
when it comes to taking care of them.
And we're also going to look at the
systems that they are parts of.
Your body has lots of different systems that
control and regulate what happens to your
body, and we're going to look
at how some of these work.
Okay?
Now, there are a lot more than five organs,
there are more than five systems, but we're
only going to look at
the vital five today.
We're going to start
with your "heart".
So everybody knows more or less where your
heart is, it's about middle of your chest,
left or right, depending
on the person.
What the heart does
is it pumps...
Basically it pumps blood...
It is a pump and it pumps
blood throughout your system.
Right?
It gets the blood
flowing in and out.
That's why we call it part
of the "circulatory system".
It circulates the blood
throughout your body.
The blood goes into the heart, fills up with
oxygen, goes to the body, comes back to the
heart without oxygen, fills up
again, and again, and again.
The system is basically made
up of the heart, of course.
The "blood vessels", these are the small,
little lines of blood that reach all over
your body.
The "arteries", these are the big, the main
blood vessels, the main pipelines, if you
want to call them, that leave the heart full
of oxygen and travel all around the body,
and spreading the
oxygen all around.
And then the veins, that's the blue ones that
you might see on your arms, they're going
back to the heart without
oxygen to get refilled.
And then you have a "spleen", which is another
organ we're not going to get into right now.
So very important, take
care of your heart.
Now, as a side note, the most...
The thing you need to be most
worried about are your arteries.
If you're going to eat a lot of fatty
foods, these things can get clogged.
"Clogged" means they get full and the blood
can't pass through, and that's when you have
a heart attack or even a stroke, so very,
very important to make sure that this doesn't
happen.
Don't eat too many hamburgers, and pizzas,
and chips, and French fries, and all of that
other delicious, but
unhealthy stuff.
Next we're going to look at your "brain",
the biggest muscle in your body they say,
so make sure you exercise, because
muscles need exercise to grow.
The brain is, again,
in your "skull".
Okay?
It is part of the
"central nervous system".
Okay?
So your brain controls all the voluntary
and involuntary actions of your body.
"Voluntary", I want to
lift my hand up so I do.
My brain sends a message, my hand goes
up, my hand goes down, side, all around.
"Involuntary", breathing.
If I held my breath, eventually, even if I
want to hold it, my brain will force my lungs
to work and I will be
able to breathe again.
It's involuntary.
I don't have much of
a choice about it.
Okay?
The central nervous system
consists of the brain, again.
The "spinal cord", that's the line in your
back-okay?-that it's connected all the way
up, keeps your
skeleton all together.
And the "nerves".
The "nerve endings" on all parts of your body,
so if you go like this, you feel it here,
but you understand it here.
Okay?
And then we have the "lungs".
The lungs are the two very delicate, very
fragile pieces inside your chest that fill
with air, push out air, fill
with air, push out air.
They're part of the
"respiratory system".
"Respiratory" basically means breathing, so
the lungs take in the air that we breathe
into them, they absorb the oxygen, they release
the carbon dioxide and push that back outside.
Right?
So, CO2, you know, oxygen
and carbon dioxide.
Oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.
Made up of the lungs, the "trachea" is in here,
and the "diaphragm", basically underneath,
pushes up and down to help the
lungs expand or contract.
I hope you can see that.
Expand, contract,
expand, contract.
So these are your lungs.
So these are three of the five.
Let's look at the other two that some people
don't necessarily think about regularly.
Okay, so now we're going to look at the other
two organs, and we're going to start with
the "kidneys".
The kidneys, they're called kidneys because
they're shaped a little bit like that, like
a kidney bean a little bit.
There are two of them.
They're sort of, like, located
a little bit in the back of...
And lower back.
They are part of the
"urinary system".
Now, if you're not sure: "urine"
is the correct word for pee.
When you go to the washroom to pee, it's
actually urine, the yellow stuff or whatever.
So, the kidneys are the organs that are responsible
for cleaning the water in your system, and
the blood, etc., a little bit to a
certain extent, and creating the urine.
So they clean out the water, and whatever
is waste water comes out as pee, as urine.
So it consists of the kidneys; the
"bladder", this is where you store the pee.
And when you say: "Oh, I really have to
pee", that's your bladder getting full.
The two "ureters" that pass
it along to the bladder...
From the kidneys, the ureters, to the bladder,
and then through the "urethra" outside when
you go to the washroom.
Okay?
The urethra is where the pee comes
out, basically, that little tube.
And "sphincter muscles" are basically
in your anus, in your bum where...
For other things as well.
Okay?
So this is basically a...
It's like a plumbing system,
if you want to call...
If you want to think
of it like that.
It's your...
If you want to talk
about your body as a...
Basically a machine, that's
the plumbing system.
Now, you have two of these.
You can live with one, you can't
live with neither of them.
You have to have at least one.
So, a lot of people
get a transplant.
Now, you can have organ transplants, and
kidneys are very common transplants.
You can take from a healthy person, you can
take out and give it to somebody else who
has both of their
kidneys are bad.
Right?
Because without your kidneys you're going to
die, so you can have a transplant and move
an organ from one healthy
body to another healthy body.
Just as a side note, when you
get a driver's license...
I don't know if it's in every country, but
in Canada, for example, when you get your
driver's license they will give you a little
form, and you can say: "Yes" or "No", and
sign it, if you die you can donate
your organs or body parts to medicine.
So, if you get into an accident and you're
going to die, maybe they can take out your
kidney and give it to
somebody who's sick.
That's a choice.
You have to put moral, religious, philosophical
ideas into it, but just so you know, that's
where a lot of these
organs come from.
You can also donate an organ if you match,
and there's all kinds of things about that.
And next, let's go
look at "liver".
So your livers are about here.
It...
Again, you're going to have to look at an
actual anatomy book to figure out the map
of the body, but a liver is
multi-functional, it does many things.
It cleans the blood, it means
it takes out harmful toxins.
"Toxins" are basically poisons, it takes them
out of the blood system and gets rid of them,
or processes them.
For example, people who are alcoholics, people
who drink a lot of alcohol, the liver is what
cleans the blood after you
drink all that alcohol.
If you drink too much alcohol, eventually
you're working your liver so hard that it
stops working, and then
you're in big trouble.
So don't drink too much.
It's also part of the
"digestive system".
It produces bile and
digestive juices.
So in your stomach where you're processing
food in order to get the nutrients out, the
liver contributes part of the juices that
break down the food, and it also produces
enzymes.
"Enzymes" are basically components that
control chemical reactions in your body.
You have all different
types of enzymes.
Other parts also create enzymes,
but the liver does as well.
The digestive system
includes the "stomach".
Okay?
The liver, the "small and large intestines",
so you know the tubes that go back and forth,
and process the food
until it comes out?
So you have big ones,
you have small ones.
You have the "rectum"
and the "anus".
This is basically where
the waste comes out.
Now, I didn't want to say the word,
but I have to say it: "poo".
I think all of you
know the word "poo".
The correct word
for this: "feces".
So, the feces comes out of
the anus when you're done.
So, in, out, that's
your digestive system.
Now, these are the
five vital organs.
There are many other organs.
I highly recommend you look online or in a
good anatomy book, and just get a basic idea
of what your body is made up of.
If you're going to medical school, obviously
you're going to know all of this stuff, you're
going to know a lot
more than this.
But a very interesting thing that you need
to know: The biggest organ of your body is
your skin.
A very interesting, little point to know about
that, so take care of your skin, a very important
organ.
So, I hope this was a little bit helpful,
gives you a little bit of a start to your
medical careers or your medical
knowledge, just good to know anyway.
If you have any questions about this, please
go to www.engvid.com and ask in the forum
there.
There's also a quiz you can take to check
your understanding of this lesson.
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more interesting lessons soon.
Bye.
