For over two thousand years, London has thrived.
From its early days as a settlement on the
banks of the Thames, to enduring countless
wars, becoming a major financial and cultural
centre, creating homes for millions and witnessing
some of the most defining moments in human
history - the UK’s capital has navigated
the centuries to become one of the largest
and most celebrated cities on Earth.
London is renowned for its diverse blend of
neighbourhoods, vibrant cultures and remarkable
heritage that now interacts with some of the
world’s greatest modern-day architecture.
Located to the north of central London, the
region of Kings Cross combines many of these
elements and stands as a powerful example
of the city’s ability to evolve.
From its rise as a major railway hub during the industrial
revolution to the lows of its post-war decline,
the district is now re-emerging as one of
the UK capital’s premiere tech precincts.
But how did this area go from such importance
to irrelevance, before returning to become
one of the most appealing new destinations
in the city?
This is the story of how London’s Kings
Cross has been reborn.
Taking its name from a monument to King George
IV, that stood at the intersection of Euston
Road, Grays Inn Road and Pentonville Road
between 1830 and 1845, the district known
as Kings Cross has been a gateway into Britain’s
capital for nearly two centuries.
With the completion of Regents Canal in the
1820s, the introduction of the railway and
the world’s first underground metro system
a few decades later, the area became directly
connected to numerous cities across the country
and was a key focus of industry.
However, following the end of the Second World
War in 1945, many of the industries that once
supported Kings Cross moved away from transporting
freight by rail and the area became underutilised,
falling into decline.
While numerous attempts were made to revive
Kings Cross over the decades, unemployment,
crime and a poor pedestrian environment ultimately
prevented developers from investing in the area.
This all began to change towards the end of
the 20th Century, when the Kings Cross Partnership
was established to invest in regeneration
projects in the area and when the decision
was taken to construct a high-speed rail link
between London and the Channel Tunnel, with
its main terminal at St Pancras.
With the construction of the Channel Tunnel
Rail Link (now known as High Speed 1) and
the restoration and extension of the historic
St Pancras Station both commencing in the
early 2000s, perceptions of Kings Cross began
to change.
With the new rail link requiring the demolition
of a number of disused buildings and the reopening
of the St Pancras Renaissance Hotel, developers
began to envisage the wider redevelopment
of the district.
In 2006, plans were submitted to regenerate
the area bounded by the Kings Cross and St
Pancras railway stations, York Way and the
new rail lines into a thriving new residential,
entertainment and commercial hub for London.
Reimagined as King’s Cross Central, the
proposal would see new life breathed into
the 67-acre site with 50 new and restored
buildings, 20 new streets, some 2,000 new
homes and over 26 acres of new public space.
With the completion of High Speed 1 and the
transfer of Eurostar services from London’s
Waterloo station to St Pancras in 2007 - and
with much of the land that was previously
taken up by construction works now available
- the area’s regeneration moved into overdrive.
The historic King’s Cross Station itself
received a major renovation, while an impressive
expansion in 2012 brought it up to the same
standard as its newly completed neighbour.
Concurrently, restoration of a number of historic
buildings and the creation of several new
public spaces began with the Central Saint
Martin’s branch of University College of
London relocating their campus to the resorted
Granary Square warehouse in 2011.
The rejuvenation of Regents Canal and the
newly opened Granary Square further enhanced
the appeal of the area - with many cafes, restaurants and public amenities opening through the area.
The two Victorian buildings that made-up the
Coal Drops Yard underwent a three year £100
million redevelopment that paid homage to
their heritage while creating a modern and
vibrant high-end retail destination which became home to Samsung’s interactive digital playground.
While the majority of the former gas holders
that once covered a large portion of the Kings
Cross site were removed, three of the Grade
II listed structures were restored and transformed
into the remarkable Gasholders residential
complex.
The process of retaining and reinventing these
historic facilities required their original
structures to be carefully dismantled and
transported to Yorkshire where each section
was restored. They were then returned to London
for reassembly on-site.
Just as the regeneration of Kings Cross has
been praised for its retention and restoration
of historic structures, its commercial components
have set new benchmarks in sustainability
and attracted a number of global technology
giants to the area.
The district’s northernmost quarter is home
to a number of low-rise commercial buildings
with a strong emphasis on human interaction
and community.
The eye-catching R7 makes use of terraces,
flexible floor-plates and extensive end of
trip facilities to encourage collaboration
and a healthier lifestyle for its occupants.
In 2018, Facebook announced that it would
be constructing three buildings totalling
57,000 square metres to create a new London
Headquarters in the area.
Sitting at the very heart of Kings Cross,
Pancras Square is surrounded by seven commercial
buildings which are now home to the likes
of Google, YouTube, Havas and Universal Music
- global brands attracted by the area’s
six underground tube lines, two mainline stations
and high-speed international rail service.
Currently emerging between Pancras Square
and Kings Cross Station, is Google’s first
wholly-owned and designed building outside
of the United States.
Longer than the Shard is tall, work on the
£1 billion “groundscraper” commenced
in 2018. Once operational, the building will
bring the total number of Google and YouTube
employees in the district to over 7,000 and
act as the tech giant’s headquarters in the UK.
First growing into a major industrial hub
as a result of transportation links established
in the 19th Century, Kings Cross is now being
reborn as 21st Century transport connections
have been created
and with Britain’s High
Speed 2 terminal currently under construction
just a short distance away at Euston Station
- the ongoing revival and future of this formerly
underutilised part of London looks set to
continue well into the future.
An inspiring new chapter, in the rich tapestry
of this historic and ever-evolving city.
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