This tutorial shows how to convert Geological paper map to digital format by hand drawing.
As shown here this is the paper geology map we need to digitizing
Map should contain detailled map legend
1st step is to rectifying the map using Global Mapper software
Open the map by going to Open>choose the map > yes for rectify.
We'll gonna rectify map according to the corners geographic coordinates
Add control points and enter Lat & Long coordinates
Global Mapper can rectify any map using 2 control points at least but it should not be at same lines
Click Apply then OK bottoms
Now you have georefrenced map
To check the accuracy of map geographic location you can download online world imagery
Change layers order to display map above imagery
Double click on map layer and change transparency
Now you can double check the map accuracy with imagery
To decrease the shift  back to rectify window
Add more control points with the help of world imagery
Add control point on map and get correct coordinates from position on imagery
You can delete any points you think its not accurate
Its more better now
Now your map ready to export
Remove transparency effect
Recommended to change geographic coordinates to metric map projection
UTM will be fine> make sure to choose correct zone
Go to file > Export > Raster Image > Geotiff
Leave default parameters > Ok
Choose folder path and file name
Open ArcMap and from catalog choose connect to folder
Now add layer to ArcMap > click Ok to build pyramid and calculate statistics
The map is georefrenced by UTM projection
The 1st step to do on ArcMap is to start create your geodatabase
From the catalog > right click on the project folder > new > Folder then rename new folder
Right click on created folder > New> Personal or File geodatabase
Give it name as you want
Right click again on Geodatabase > New > Feature Class
We have 3 geometry as points, polylines & polygons on our map
Start to create feature class for each geometry
We'll start with polygon layer > put Name and Alias > Next
Choose Projection > Next > Next
Now add fields Names, Types & Length
After adding all required fields click finish
Now you have polygon layer inside your geodatabase
Now create another geometry feature classes with the same way
Now you have the 3 feature classes opened on the workspace
Next step is to create style templates according to the map legend
Double left click on polygon layer from table of content > got to Symbology tab
Choose category list > Unique values > Choose Type as value field
Add new values > enter all polygon values as shown on map legend
Make sure to add all polygon features as shown in map legend > back to symbology if you missed any value
Now change styles for each category
After finishing styles for all polygon categories > then make the same for lines & points
Follow the same steps we did in polygon layer
Now our templates is ready to start digitizing
Now we need to activate the editor toolbar by right click on above bar > choose  Editor tool
From editor tool click start editing
You'll notice all the created categories founded in create features window
To be continued in part 2 ,,,,
Hi Again, Now in part 2 we'll show you how to start digitizing
Choose the polygon feature type you need to start with from create feature window
Using left click on mouse add first vertex then follow the polygon boundary and start adding vertexes
Start drawing outer polygon in case you have another polygon inside it
You can finish sketch by double left click or using F2 button from keyboard
To show the inside feature you can make layer transparent
Left double click on polygon layer and go to display window> make transparent 50%
Now you can see the inside feature
Choose the feature type from create feature window and digitize the polygon
After finishing sketch it will be in the only selected feature
We need to clip it from outer polygon
From editor toolbar > clip > choose 2nd option to discard the area> Ok
Now its clipped from outer shape
Hide basemap to see the result
Now we'll show you in fast speed the digitizing of another big polygon
Continue drawing other separated polygons
Video speed 5X
Now we'll drawing the big outer polygon which include many other small polygons inside it
Then we'll gonna drawing inside polygons and clip them as shown in first polygon
We can draw the polygon as one feature then we'll cut from it another types
Video speed 10X
Now after finish this polygon it'll shown on map
Now we'll gonna draw the inside features and clip them using clip tool
Choose the feature type from create feature window and start digitizing the polygon
Digitize the inside polygon
Follow the boundary of alteration zone
Now you can choose trace tool to follow the outer boundary
Then back to straight segment tool again
Use trace tool again
Then back to straight segment tool again to continue
Use trace tool again
In case of using trace tool you just hit one left click on boundary and move mouse
Then back to straight segment tool again to continue
Follow the boundary of alteration zone
Use trace tool again
Back to straight segment tool again then double left click to finish sketch
Now the Alteration zone in selection > Clip it from outer polygon
Now you have 2 features without overlaps or gaps
Then continue drawing other inside features with the same way
Video speed 20X
Using straight segment , trace tool & clip tool as shown before to digitize all other inside features
Video speed 20X
Draw all inside polygons
Don't forget to continue save your edits
Now we'll draw another big polygon in south area
Follow the same steps, nothing new
Video speed 20X
Video speed 20X
Video speed 20X
Video speed 20X
Video speed 20X
Video speed 20X
Now we almost finishing all polygons
Just the wadi deposit not drawing yet, but there are a magic tool to drawing it all automatically
Choose feature type from create features window
Use the auto complete polygon tool
Left click on all corners snapped to drawing features
Finishing sketch at the start point
You'll find all gaps between polygons filled automatically by wadi deposit features
Display the results on satellite imagery
Check the drawn features
Now we'll gonna drawing the structure lines which represent faults & dikes
This map here not including much structures
Choose line feature type from create features window
Then drawing the line
Finish sketch also by double left click or F2 from keyboard
Then draw another feature
Draw all line features you see on map
Another fault
Oh! its not the correct type> Ctrl Z from keyboard and choose correct type again
Make sure you drawing all lines features
We almost finishing all line features
Now its the time to drawing points features and dealing with attributes as we'll show in next session
Hi again
Session 3
We showing in past two sessions the map rectifying and drawing polygon & lines features
Now its time to drawing points features
The points layer here represent structure measurements symbolized, oriented & labeled by field measurements
W have 2 types as foliation & Quartz veins
1st step open the attribute table of points layer
We must add new fields to enter the measurements
Add new field for dip angle
Add another field fro dip direction
Add another field for Strike angle
After adding fields close table
Go to editor toolbar to start editing
Create features window will activated automatically
Go to editor toolbar to open attributes window to fill measurements while drawing features
Move the window by drag it using left click and drop it on bellow arrow
Choose the feature type to drawing
But before start adding points we need to choose the rotating field from layer properties
Then go to symbology window> Advanced> Rotation
Choose the dip direction as geographic rotation field
Then go to label window and choose dip field as label field
Choose label style then Ok
Now start adding 1st point
Left click on center of feature
Now the attribute activated for this feature
Enter the dip value in dip field
To get the dip direction use the rotate tool
Notice the value of dip direction in attribute will changed automatically from rotation
You can change symbol color for better appearance
You'll notice the label not in correct place
To make label appears in same location go to layer proprieties
Under label window choose placement properties
Choose to place label at an angle from field > then choose dip direction field
Choose to place label perpendicular to the angle
Now the label appears in correct place
Hide basemap to see the result
Now you can add other points and make sure to enter dip value and rotate each feature
You can change symbol color for better appearance
Follow the same steps to add all other points
After adding all points you'll get this result
Also you can use this measurements to create rose plot
Now we finished the digitizing of all features and next step we'll deal with the attribute tables
We'll show quick example for how to fill attributes for all features quickly
You can fill attributes like description or age if shown in map legend
Open attribute table for layer you want to update
To fill in attribute you must be in editing mode
Now we'll try to fill in geology code filed for each type at once
First choose select by attribute> choose type field > = > get unique value
Double click on the type you want to give it new code
Verify the expression then click apply
Notice the only choosing type will be selected
Choose to show selected records only
Now we can fill attributes for all selected records only
Right click on code field > field calculator
Write code as "T" for example
Now all records have same code as T
You can do the same to fill description or any other fields
Add another code
We noticed the shape area calculated automatically because we use geodatabase
This field not editable and area changed only if we updated the shape of feature
In case we using shapefile and need to calculate area, we must close editing mode first
We can add another field to show you how to calculate area if not calculated
Add new field for area >> make type double
Right click on new field and choose calculate geometry
To calculate area you must use map projection 
(not active in case of geographic coordinates)
Choose the desired unit
Now the area calculated again in Sq Km
To change unit back again to calculate geometry and use sq meters as unit
Its the same values as calculated from geodatabase
Also for lines feature you can calculate lengths if you use shapefile layers
You can display attributes for any feature by using identify tool
Now we have Digital GIS map
Next step to create layout map
The main window is the data view but we have another window for layout view
Switch to layout view then open page and print setup menu
Choose printer > Page Size
Choose scale map element to fit the new page size
Now define the map scale
Use Pan tool to move to best viewer
Use select tool to fit the display window with the viewed data
The down empty part of page will used to show other map elements
From insert menu you can insert map elements as legend
Use select tool to move any element on map page
Double left click on legend to edit and manage legend elements
Go to item window to change font& format of each element
You can add any layer to new column or make layer appears in many columns
You can change legend size by drag any corner
Use Layout toolbar to control the display of layout as actual size
Use pan tool from layout toolbar to navigate layout view
You can hide all other values if all your records already has value
From layer properties > symbology> uncheck all other values
Do the same for other layers
Zoom to whole page
To add map grids > go to layer data frame properties
Go to grid window> New grid
Choose graticule for lat & long grids and measured for projected grids
In our case we used UTM projection
Define grid interval
Now we have map grid with 100 meter interval
Insert other map elements as North Arrow
Insert neatline around all map elements
Double click on any element to change styles
Insert scale bar and choose from different bar styles
You can manage your layout in dynamic mode very quickly
To add frame to legend> double click on legend> frame window> change border & gap space
Mouse wheel control zoom in & out
Editing any map elements is quite easy
Also you can insert dynamic text as coordinate system
You can change symbols of any elements
You can display satellite imagery in background
You can insert many dynamic texts or pictures or objects
Insert map title
After finishing your layout go to file > export map
Choose file type (pdf for example) > output location > file name
Define resolution & image quality then save
After finish export go to output location and open file in adobe pdf reader
Navigate map in adobe
Layer also will be appears on Adobe reader & you can display or hide any layer
Thanks for watching!!!
Enjoy
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