Hi, I am Jared, welcome to Fun Science Demos. The big idea today is that heat
moves matter. Heat moves matter in this
lamp
and heat moves matter in our earth.
So let us take a look at this lamp and
see heat move matter.
You cannot see it, but there is a light
bulb here
and it is hot. It gives off lots of heat and
that heat
heats up this purple wax- you can see it,
whoo!- and causes it to rise to the top. When
that wax gets hot
it rises to the top. And you can see some
of the wax
dropping down. Why? Well, as the heated wax moves to the top
it just hangs out there and it is cooling
off. And when it cools off
it drops, it drops back down. And when it
drops back down it gets heated back up
and moves up.
And it cools off and moves down and it
gets heated up and it moves up and it
cools off and it moves down. It is this
cycle,
it is happening in the lamp. And guess what?
the same thing happens in our earth. So let us
take a look at this diagram
and see how the earth works. Through
science we have discovered that the middle of
the earth is really, really hot.
We have also discovered that the outside of
the earth has this crust
and the moving matter inside the earth
can actually move the crust.
As it is heated up it rises up to the crust,
it cools off and comes back down just like
this lamp; the wax in this lamp.
It is happening inside of our earth. The
heat from the middle of the earth is
causing all this matter to move
and that makes the crust move. So let us take
a look at that crust
and the outside of the earth. These are continents.
That us where we live. The blue is the
ocean.
Oceans and continents actually sit on
top
of the crust. But what are these lines? Through science we have discovered
that the crust is actually broken into
plates
and those plates move. Heat
moves matter. Let us try and show you how
that works.
We have a heat source here, we have a
heat source here,
we have a heat source here. Our heat
source is the middle part of the earth.
We need something to be the matter that
that heat energy can move around.
We have our milk and now we need
something
to be the crust. For that we are using
chocolate powder. So here is our setup, we
modeled it after our earth.
We have our center hot part, there is the heat
source down there
making it hot. We have our crust which you
can see on the top. It is
smooth right now, something should happen
as the matter
which you cannot see-the milk-starts moving
inside
from the heat. Heat heats it up, rises,
cools off and sinks. There is movement happening, you cannot see it-yet.
Let us zoom in and take a closer look.
So our timer is going, let us take a look at
this setup and see what is going on here.
Inside the pot we have our liquid matter,
much like the earth and we are heating
that liquid matter,
much like the earth. And you can see that
chocolate powder on top
is our crust. It does not look like much
is happening,
but there is a lot going on underneath
the crust, just like
our earth. So we are going to zoom in and
take a closer look.
But what should you be looking for? Well,
that liquid matter
under the crust is moving. It does not
look like
anything is happening to the crust but as
the liquid matter
of the crust moves, the crust will start
to move
and you will actually see tiny cracks form.
And those cracks will get bigger
as the crust moves. So we are coming up on
the 14 minutes and now we can see
our crust starting to crack. Why is that
happening? Well,
that liquid matter, we heated it up and it is
starting to move underneath the crust.
And you can see that crust-they are
called plates, scientists call those plates-
and they are starting to move.
Look at this one right here. Seeing it
start to separate?
Take a look at these plates as they move.
Why are they moving? The liquid matter
underneath is moving, too. Take a look
right here and right here.
Tiny cracks in the crust, they are going to-
the plates are going to-start to move and
you will see
the cracks get bigger. Watch right here,
watch it open up. Watch right here
and right here. Ooh, there is one
forming right here.
Now we have a crack forming here. The
crust is breaking iinto plates right
before our eyes.
Why is that happening? The liquid matter
underneath the crust is moving. Now we
can start to see it happen.
You can see the plate movements.
As that liquid matter heats up the crust,
the plates move.
Cracks are forming. We are at about 15 minutes in
and now we can see our plates really
forming up here
beautifully. We want you to remember
that our continents and oceans actually
sit
on these different plates.
I am not putting them in the right order
but that is all right,
you get the picture. Each continent and ocean
sits on different plates and you can see
how the plates are separate
by the cracks. What causes it? The moving
matter
underneath the crust. We cannot see it, but
through this demonstration
now we can. It is so easy to see the
movement of the crust.
Well, scientists call that movement of
the earths crust
plate tectonics. It is a big word but so
many cool things happen because of that
word.
Because the crust moves and those plates
move
we have earthquakes, we have volcanoes
and even, it forms new mountains. Science
is so cool.
Do not forget to check out our links in
the video description.
