Go ahead, Susan.
Hi, everyone.
Welcome to this webinar on live
plants and emergency planning.
I'm going to quickly go
through a few slides here.
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And this month, we
have the beginning
of another course,
Planning Your RE-ORG
Project, which we're doing
with CCI in Canada and UNESCO.
RE-ORG is this fabulous
storage planning program.
This is the first time
anything like this
has been offered in the US,
so it's a real opportunity.
And then our next
free webinar is
going to be exploring old loans,
and that will be on April 16.
And that should be
posted pretty quickly.
It's not up quite yet.
And without further ado,
I'm going to turn this over
to Jackie Salas.
Hello, everybody.
Thank you very much
for coming in--
tuning in today to discuss
planning for natural disasters
in--
with botanical collections.
So I know this is a little
atypical for the group.
I would like to thank the
Foundation for Advancement
and Conservation and
Connecting to Collections Care
for thinking about
botanical collections,
and inviting me to speak.
So welcome, everybody--
from around the country,
it looks like.
I am in sunny
Oakland, California.
I grew up in the East
Bay here in California
near San Francisco.
And I am definitely in
earthquake territory,
so that's--
lifelong drills
for earthquakes are
something that I have in
my DNA, at this point.
And so when I was going
through my education,
I was interested in plants.
I got my undergraduate
degree from UC Davis
in environmental horticulture
and urban forestry.
I learned about plants, and when
I was working in conservatories
and arboreta doing
internships, I
was asking collections
managers and curators
about emergency plans,
since it's something
that I had grown up
being involved with.
And it turned out that there
actually wasn't too much
information,
anecdotally, that I could
get from these curators about
what important plants were
in their collections-- how they
were actually being protected
from things like floods and
potential fires that may have
occurred in the past,
and could potentially
occur in the future.
Those are just
something that I've been
interested in in my studies.
I end up getting accepted
to the Longwood graduate
program, where I decided
to study disaster
planning for my thesis.
And I see Chad just joined.
Hi, Chad.
I actually spoke with him
during my thesis studies.
So this research that I'm
going to share with you today
about planning for
botanical collection,
potential mitigation
strategies for disaster damage,
all of this information was
obtained through my disaster
planning studies
through the University
of Delaware and the
Longwood graduate program.
After I graduated in 2009, I got
a job at Children's Fairyland
in downtown Oakland.
And I had worked in
a private estate,
and with the Golden Gate
National Parks Conservancy
a little bit before that.
And I landed at
Children's Fairyland,
which is a perfect melding of
working with plants and people.
So it's something I do.
I get to share my joy
for plants and people
in Children's Fairyland.
I did continue to be interested
in risk assessment and planning
for potential disasters, in
terms of tree risk assessment.
So our biggest plant
collection that's
most valuable at Children's
Fairyland is our oak trees.
We have about 45 coast live
oak trees that we manage,
and those trees are the
backbone of our landscape.
And so that got me interested
in learning more about
how to care for them, and
so I obtained my arborist
license through
the International
Society of Arboriculture.
And I got my risk assessment
through the same organization,
as well, so that I could learn
how to best manage my canopy.
Here we go-- again,
a little slide
to say that I'm
currently employed
at Children's Fairyland
in downtown Oakland,
where my main areas of focus
are ground maintenance, habitat
stewardship, and
kids' education,
to get those kids interested--
our next round of curators
and plant collectors out there.
And in order to keep
that environment happy,
I do have to manage
the landscape and deal
with disasters.
These are mostly biological
and man-made disasters
at Children's Fairyland.
So the man-made--
you can see ruts
from a food truck
that accidentally
thought that he could make
it from one gate to another
and slip down our pasture, and
made ruts all through our lawn.
So there's human error involved
with that, that can be avoided.
But biological
issues that come up
are our actual natural
disasters that I deal with most
at Children's Fairyland.
We have a [INAUDIBLE].
We have root rots in our
soil that are common.
And you combine traffic of
200,000 visitors walking
across root systems,
and compaction
of the soil, heavy clays that
don't allow for much aeration,
and we get some biological
issues going on.
So I have had to deal a
little bit with some disasters
at Fairlyand, but
knock on wood, I
have not had to deal
with anything intense.
So let's move on
to the next slide.
Why are we here today?
Why are we talking about
disaster planning and botanical
collections?
Well, when you go
to a garden, you
go to a garden for the plants.
If the plants aren't
there, what's the point?
So we really need to make
sure, in a botanical setting,
that our plant collections
are maintained and preserved
in situations where there
could be potential damage.
So in this picture, you'll
see Fairchild Tropical Botanic
Garden.
There is a picture of Hurricane
Andrew damage on the left.
The area is supposed to look
like the picture on the right.
So this picture on
the right is taken
from the top of
the bridge that you
see in the background of
the picture on the left,
so you can see the incredible
amount of damage that
can happen to a
botanical institution
during a natural disaster.
Again, this is a hurricane.
This is Longue Vue House and
Garden down in New Orleans.
This is damage that
the garden obtained
after Hurricane Katrina.
So on the right, you can
see damage that happened
to the canopy of trees.
You shouldn't be able
to see that much sky
through the canopy.
The canopy should
be nice and dense,
and unfortunately, the hurricane
came through and had ripped off
majority of the leaves in
that canopy, which opens up
the gardens underneath to much
more sun than they're used to,
and does damage the trees.
On the right-hand
side, you'll see damage
to flooding-- from flooding.
So soil is picked
up during floods
and moved into
different locations
in the garden, where
there is not usually soil.
So you can see heavy mounding
of soil in atypical places,
and debris that's
moved in with the soil.
So you can see some
examples of damage here.
So disaster planning
is important
to botanical
institutions because they
are a way to keep
your institution going
after it incurs problems.
So we need to safeguard
our institutions,
and keep them going
for the community.
So I'll discuss a
little bit later
in some case studies I
worked with Brookside Gardens
in-- outside of Washington DC.
And even if you don't have
any specific plants that
are in your collection
that are extremely
valuable-- so I know I'm talking
to a community that may not
have botanical collections
in the forefront
of their collections.
We may be talking to historic
sites with one or two
valuable trees or
plant specimens that
belong to the owner originally.
We may be talking
to small museums
here in this audience that
could have some herbarium
specimens that may be
important, but no actual
living collections.
So I do want to talk in
general about disaster
planning for everyone,
but specifically
for botanical collections,
it's very important to us
to safeguard our
collections-- again,
because without the
plants, nobody's
going to come to the garden.
Disaster planning is also a
component of accreditation.
So in American Association of
Museums and the American Public
Gardens Association, in order
to actually be accredited,
it's been over 10 years that the
American Association of Museums
has required disaster
preparedness.
But I can say just recently,
that the American Public
Gardens Association
just this year, in 2019,
has included
disaster preparedness
planning as a
requirement to become
accredited with their network.
So you may want to do a disaster
plan to keep your garden
or plant collection
safe, but you may also
have to do a plan in
order for accreditation.
So either way-- if you
want to or if you have to--
this talk will be able
to give you some insights
to be able to put a simple
plan together that will help
to safeguard your collection.
So you're going to see
this slide a few times.
This is just to keep us,
but mainly me, on track.
So this is going to be the
topics that will be covered
during this discussion today.
Does anybody have
any quick questions
that they want to post
in the general chat
before we get into the meat
and potatoes of the talk?
Feel free and go ahead and
list any initial questions
in the side.
And then there will be some
opportunities for questions
at the end also, so I'd like
to get specific questions
for the end.
There is also going to
be four quizzes presented
throughout the discussion,
and the quizzes
will be topical to
what we're talking
about during the discussion.
We'll go over those
answers, as they are
relayed from the participants.
And so we'll just
go right ahead.
Finding general resources
for disaster planning
is the first item that we
will discuss, and it's easy.
It is a basic slide that is
going to talk about difference
website you can go to--
different organizations
and different
websites that you can
go to that have general
planning resources available.
So these are not
botanically specific.
These are organizations that
help cultural institutions
with general planning.
So you will find links to all of
these websites in the handouts
below.
If you have not had a chance
to download the handouts,
now would be a great
time for everybody
to download those
handouts and look
at the information contained.
So not only will
you find the website
with links for the general and
botanical planning resources
that are available that
I'll be discussing,
but you'll also find a natural
disaster planning template.
So we're actually going to
go over that natural disaster
planning template that I created
during my thesis research,
and that would be a
wonderful template
to be able to write notes
directly onto, while I'm
doing this discussion.
So feel free, again, to
download those handouts
and print them out
for your classes.
So obviously,
you're here, so you
know about the Foundation for
Advancement and Conservation.
There's some great
information that you
can find on their website.
The Heritage Emergency
National Task Force
is a network of
cultural institutions
that work together to
provide emergency planning
and support for one another.
Again, the American
Association of Museums
requires disaster
planning documents
for accreditation within
their organization,
so you can find information
and assistance through them.
The Getty Institute has
some valuable worksheets
that you can work through.
D.plan.org is an
interesting website
that you can go to
that, actually, you
can input the information
into the website,
and it will print
you out mock-up plan
right then and there.
So depending on
your collection, you
may be able to use
that as a nice resource
for a simple plan for yourself.
And the National Center for
Preservation, Technology,
and Training is a federal
government resource
that has some information
on how to deal
with cultural institutional
planning for disaster
mitigation.
So we're going to dive right
into the surveys, case studies,
and interviews that I made
during my thesis research.
So this is the real
meat and potatoes
of the talk, where we
are going to discuss
botanical information that I
obtained through my studies.
We're going to start off with
some surveys in a second.
This is just an example of
all the research that I did.
It's basically my
qualifications,
so you know that I spent
two years of my life delving
into this topic, and
I have the authority
to be discussing it
with you here today.
So you don't need
to dwell on that.
Go back and look, if you're
interested in exactly what I
did for the thesis topic.
And you can actually
download the website.
I'll show you where to download
the actual thesis later on.
So here is the first quiz
that I was talking about.
This is a question about how
many institutions are here.
We want to see how many are
here and how many actually
have a disaster plan.
So this will help
guide the talk.
So let's see.
Zooming in, it looks like--
this is great-- many of you have
a general emergency or disaster
plan at your organization.
And for those of
you that don't, this
is exactly why you're here.
So we will help you
to get the resources
you need to get one later on.
So let me see here.
If I try to move the slide
forward, [INAUDIBLE]..
So this is a slide
that I took in 2008.
This survey showed that
50% of public gardens that
were surveyed actually had a
natural disaster plan in place.
So you can see here that I asked
the American Public Gardens
Association members
to participate
in the survey about
natural disaster damage.
And during that survey, this
was one of the questions
that was asked.
They responded saying that 50%
did have a natural disaster
plan, and 49% percent did not.
So let's see what this
group that's here today
actually says in terms of this.
Can we have the results of the
please back up on the screen?
Let's see.
So we are way ahead of the game,
in terms of disaster planning,
compared to the Public
Gardens Association.
Sorry, Public
Gardens Association.
The survey was taken in
2007, or publishing in 2008.
So that's incredibly
wonderful news
to know that this group
that we're talking to does
actually have a plan.
So we're already
ahead of the game.
The 15%, again, you're
here for a reason,
and we'll get you set
up with the resources
you need to create a plan.
So on to the next question--
we have our second question
that we would like to know.
Of the organizations
that do have a disaster
plan, how many actually have
your collections represented,
in terms of mitigation
in that plan?
So are your collections
protected through the plan,
or is it just a general plan?
Mike, is it possible to
see the actual number of--
is it just the nine and the
six that are answering the 16?
Yes, and there's the No vote.
--5%.
So you can see here that, when
it comes to actually preparing
for your collection, there is a
higher number of organizations
that do not take into heart
the collections in their plan.
And so that's, again,
why we're here,
and that's what we're going
to be discussing in this talk.
So you can see emergency
planning-- there was 88%,
I believe, was the answer
to the first question.
There was 88% of us that had
general planning information,
but when it comes down to
our actual collections,
here we see-- great--
we have 84.6%--
I'm going that down for later--
and 15.3% no-- so 22 and
4 to the first question.
And we have basically
60% and 49%--
so we have 13 and
9 for our second.
So that is why we're
here, long story short.
Mitigation, in terms
of collections,
is actually a little bit harder
to do than the basic planning
for putting together
emergency plans and contact
lists for humans.
So let's get back into the
talk now that we know our group
and who we're talking to.
We are going to help with
getting information for folks
that need planning information.
And-- sorry, I'm jumping
ahead of myself here--
this was in line with
the survey that I
took in my thesis research.
So when asked, that same
group that had originally
said that there was
basically half and half
that had had a disaster plan--
when I asked the people
that had disaster plans--
so there were 51% of the
organizations have had disaster
plans in 2007, when
the survey was taken--
of that 50%, there
was only 18% that
had plant protection
or salvage information
in their actual plan.
But in 2004,
Heritage Health Index
reported that 20% of museum
collections had been protected.
And so it was actually in line--
the Public Gardens numbers
were in line with the Heritage
Health Index Report of 20%.
It was about the same thing,
that there was actually
80% of collections that were
not protected through disaster
plans.
So we are actually doing better.
This group here today is
actually doing better.
We said that there's about 60%--
55%, 60% that do have plans,
so that is wonderful to me
to hear.
We're doing better, so
it'd be interesting to take
a new survey 10 years
later here to discuss that.
So we're doing better.
It looks like, at least
through this group,
that more people are planning.
So enough talk about that.
Let's get into the FEMA document
that will actually give us more
phases to work on for planning.
I chose to use the FEMA
document 386-6, which
is Integrating Historical
Property and Cultural Resource
Considerations into Hazard
Mitigation Planning,
for a starting point for a
general disaster plan that
would be able to be
specifically worked
on for plant collections.
And I chose this
because it was simple.
So there are four levels of
planning that are involved with
this document that are
organizing your resources,
assessing the potential
hazards to your collection--
what damage could actually
occur from floods, or fires,
or earthquakes--
looking at those risks, and
actually developing a plan--
some actual
mitigation strategies
that could provide
protection or salvage
for issues that happen as a
result of those risks coming
to reality--
and then implementing
and monitoring the plan.
Here is a basic outline
that I started with.
So again, organizing resources--
I'm going to try to
use my arrow here.
Let's see if it works.
Can you see the arrow?
Is the arrow working here?
I'm trying to draw.
OK, so organizing
resources, assessing risk,
developing a mitigation plan,
and implementing the plan
and monitoring its process--
you can see, for all
of the information,
that it's going to
take to create--
here's the arrow
that I'm thinking of.
It actually is condensed
into a one-page document.
So this is important.
We need to keep
it simple in order
to make sure that it's done.
So all of us at
nonprofits wear many hats,
and so we don't want to
get into a process that's
going to take an extreme amount
of time that none of us have.
So looking at this as
a one-page documents,
and thinking through
in simple terms
is going to allow for an
efficient, effective plan
to be developed.
If by any means,
you have the time
to delve into the subject
in further detail,
you could spend a career
developing a large planning
processes, and teams,
and local networks
to help with salvage
and mitigation.
But for most people's purposes,
especially the small collection
groups that are going to
be here for this talk,
keeping it simple
is very helpful.
So in line with that,
this is the next poll.
How much time will
your organization
have to spend putting
a plan together?
Will your organization have
one work day, one to three work
days, or more than
three work days
that you can allow on actually
putting a plan together?
And then I can know how
much detail I should
get into later in the talk.
So that would be
helpful, if you could
keep answering that question.
And I'm going to jump
ahead to the next slide,
while we keep answering
this question.
Let's see.
My little arrow is stuck here.
So I'm going to put
the arrow away for now.
So in wanting to adapt
this FEMA document--
this original FEMA document
was for mitigating hazards
in cultural institutions.
So I wanted to
take that document
and see how it would work
in botanical collections.
So I chose three
different gardens--
a natural type garden,
a display garden
with lots of ornamental plants,
and a historic landscape
that is more about keeping
in line with the look
of a old historic estate.
And I used information
from those case studies
to adapt the plan.
So here, I'm going to be
talking about the actual plan,
in terms of case studies.
The first is Adkins Arboretum.
Adkins Arboretum is in Maryland,
and it is a national garden.
So it actually interprets and
does educational programming
on the native
plants in Maryland.
So during a case study,
I asked them questions
about their collections
and what they
thought was most important.
They were less concerned about
specific plants and damage
to individual
germplasms than they
were about being able
to take that information
and interpret it to
their general public
and the population that would
come back to the gardens
after a disaster.
They wanted to be able to
teach based on the damage,
and let the public
know what happened
in an environmental
setting after a disaster
as a component of the damage.
There were a few threatened
species that they were
interested in mitigating
and salvaging,
and those species they were
interested in developing plans
to share propagations
off-site and to potentially--
you could dig something
up and transplant it
to an area that was safer.
So they were interested in
some specific salvage tactics,
but they were more interested,
in a natural setting,
in discussing the
damage that was
going to occur to the
garden with their public
as an educational opportunity.
Brookside Gardens is a garden
that is in a municipal setting
outside of Washington, DC.
It is a display garden,
and it is heavily focused
on ornamental plants and
fun educational programming
to get the general public
into a garden setting.
So it has a very
different mission
than the Adkins Arboretum.
In talking with representatives
from Brookside Gardens,
it was found that the highest
priority, in terms of salvage
and--
was actually going
to be a cleanup--
getting everything back
together in working
order that would be safe
enough to have the community be
able to come back in--
and sourcing display plants--
annuals and perennials--
that would look good,
that would be able to be
pumped back into the garden
so that Brookside could be
a safe haven for people that
had experienced the
natural disaster to be
able to come back
to their garden
and enjoy the space as a
refuge, a place for respite,
after they had been
dealing with the damage.
So very different results
than from the natural garden
that had wanted to educate
the public on the disaster
and how plants recovered.
Brookside wanted to use itself
as a place for the community
to be able to come back and
actually just be able to relax
and try to enjoy the moment,
while they were surrounded
by personal struggle in
dealing with the disaster
that they had experienced.
So very interesting
that these two places
had had entirely
different results on what
the focus of their salvage
and recovery efforts
were going to be.
So the third case study was
Longue Vue House and Garden,
and Longue Vue House and
Gardens is down in New Orleans.
You saw originally, in one
of the first slides that I
had showed of garden damage,
that they had experienced
Hurricane Katrina damage.
And during that
Hurricane Katrina damage,
they had experienced a large
hit to their collections,
because you can see--
I'm going to use the
pointer here again.
Or I'm not going
to use the pointer.
But the picture to
the right is a canal.
You can see the chain link
in the middle picture is--
there we go-- thank you, Mike--
the picture in the middle is the
canal from the garden walkway
that you can see in
the left-hand picture.
So if you're on that
walkway, you look out
through that chain link
fence off to your right,
and you see that giant canal.
So if there was ever
a vulnerable garden,
it would be Longue
Vue House and Gardens.
In that canal, if it spills
over, the garden is underwater.
And so they had experienced
significant flooding
during Hurricane Katrina.
And they were able to pull
their garden back together
after the disaster using
historical designs.
So they had archived
their designs
that were created for
the historic estate.
And as a component of their
disaster planning and salvage,
they had plant lists based
off their historical designs
that they could pull their plant
lists from gardens or nurseries
outside of the area to replant
with their historical plants,
as soon as possible.
So having their restoration plan
in place before the disasters
helped to get salvage done
quicker after the damage,
because they could
refer to their plan,
and not have to
start from scratch.
So in their garden,
they actually
wanted to focus on those coast--
they're not coast live oak.
There's other oaks down
there, southern live oak.
Sorry.
[INAUDIBLE] But they wanted
their focus in disaster
damage to be on tree mitigation,
because in their landscape,
without those trees, the
gardens below suffered.
So any old camellias that
needed shade or other types
of collections that had depended
on the canopy of those trees,
if those trees were gone,
then the collections
below would suffer.
So in their garden, they wanted
to focus on any mitigation
strategies they could use
to get those trees healthier
so that they could recover
from the damage faster
and shade the gardens
below quicker,
after the issue had happened.
And so very interesting results
that, in the historic site,
you're focusing on
the canopy cover,
and you're focusing on the
historical designs and plans
that had been in place
for a long time to use
as your mitigation strategy.
So we looked at three different
gardens for the case studies,
and they had three
pretty different results.
So their results depended
on their mission.
So the natural garden
wanted to educate.
The display garden
wanted to replace and be
a place for solace and respite.
The historic site wanted
to make their collection--
keep their collection safe
by breeding the canopy cover
and converting the
damaged gardens back
to the historic landscape
as soon as possible.
So this is very
interesting information
that we were able to get
from the case studies.
We talked before this
case study discussion
about the amount
of time [INAUDIBLE]
back to how much time
your organization would
have to put a plan together.
So can we have
that slide back up,
to have the results of
question number three?
Let's see how much
actual time that you're
going to have to put
your plan together.
So I can see here--
is there three plus--
I'm not getting the three
plus work days information
in my little text box
that shows the answers.
Here we go.
This is great news.
So many of you are
going to be able to have
more than three working days
to put your plans together.
That's ideal, so that's
really wonderful.
So we can talk in a
little bit more detail.
For those of you that don't
have the luxury of having
more than three work days
to put your plan together,
you just won't be able
to get as detailed,
but you'll be able to focus on
the specific information that
is most-- the highest priority.
So you can focus on highest
priority, and as time allows,
you can add to
that basic document
that you can create
with more information.
So thank you, Mike
for that slide.
Let's look at the last question
here that we have, which is,
of the institutions that do want
to create a disaster planning
strategy, are there specific
plants in your collection
that you're interested
in safeguarding?
So I know we're a general
museum-based organization
that I'm discussing this
topic with here today,
and I was interested in
knowing, even though you're
a museum-based organization,
if there are specific living
collections or specific
plants that you would
like to have information about.
So, yes, that's why you're here.
Great.
So we have quite a few of you
that do have specific living
collections.
OK.
Verifying that we are here
for the right reasons.
OK, so thank you, Mike.
Let's move on to the next slide.
We are going to go into detail
now about some interviews that
were conducted during
thesis research.
And these interviews,
again, were in order
to adapt the FEMA
documents into documents
that would help with
botanical collections,
and not just general.
So we talked to nine interview
sites about specific damage
that they had incurred
during damage to--
specifically
hurricanes and flooding
were the two main disasters that
most have incurred damage from.
And I'm excited to see that
some of the organizations that I
visited are here
during the talk today.
So you'll be able
to chat on the side,
if I say something that
doesn't add up and--
you can jump right in in the
chat and set me straight.
So the first interview
site that I went to
was Louisiana State University
Horticultural Research
Center, which is called
the Burden Center.
And if you have a collection
that is research-focused,
you have some specific
plants that you
are growing in your collections
that nobody else on earth has.
So I'm assuming that,
in a research setting,
you are developing
new cultivars.
You are sowing seeds
from plants that
have been collected on
expeditions, where nobody has
gone before to collect seeds.
You have important, important
germplasms in your collection.
So in order to
identify which plants
are which, it's very important
to eat right on the pots--
the sides of the
actual nursery pots--
what plants is
contained in that pot.
It's important to
take your labels
and actually stick your
labels way down in the dirt,
and have another one in the top,
so if something comes through
and knocks all the
tags out of the pots
that are surface level,
that you actually
have some documentation
of what that specimen is.
Some places-- this
Burden Center, actually,
had gone through and identified
the locations of specific
plants with a mapping system
before a disaster occurred,
so that they could go
back and identify which--
where things had started.
So things are going to end
up in different places,
but at least you know
where they started.
So that is some very
specific information
that the Burden Center shared--
very helpful.
New Orleans Botanical Garden
has been hit very hard
quite a few times, and I
was able to talk with them
about their Katrina damage.
So this is very interesting
that, after Katrina, they
were actually able to get some
power up through generators
and the city to light
their organization up
for a holiday event.
So the rest of the city was
dark, and they were bright.
And the community, like
in Brookside Gardens,
wanting to be a place
for some refuge,
they were able to create
a public environment that
was very happy for a community
that had been hit hard.
So that was something
that ended up
creating a surplus
in money for them
to be able to help them recover.
So it's not only a wonderful
thing for the community,
but had actually helped
their bottom line
and allowed them to get
back up quicker than they
would have been
otherwise-- wouldn't
have been able to otherwise.
So I thought that was a
very interesting thing
that they had shared.
They tested their soil after
the flooding that had happened.
It's very important, if you have
valuable specimens in the soil,
and not in containers,
to test your soil
and see what's been released
during the flooding.
You will definitely have to do
some sort of soil mitigation
after a flooding, and
you'll want to see how bad
and how deep you'll have
to delve into that soil
mitigation.
So hopefully, a long leach
would be able to get most
of the salts out, but if there's
any hazardous materials--
oil and toxins that have
been released into the soil--
you don't want them to affect
your special plant collection.
It's very important to test
your soil after a flooding type
event.
And an interesting thing
that they had chosen to do
was to plant and
replant riparian species
in their canopy cover, because
they can withstand flooding.
So riparian trees are
typically the types
of trees that grow along
corridors of rivers,
and creeks, and streams.
So they're used to
having their feet wet,
which means their roots can be
underwater for periods of time
without them dying.
And so that is also
an interesting thing
to think about, in terms
of managing your canopy so
that the rest of your
garden, like at Longue Vue,
doesn't get burnt
after a disaster.
And you can plant
some species that
are adapted to the
natural disasters on site,
as long as your design allows.
If you're in a historic
site, then you're
stuck to whatever the
historical designs specify.
But if you have
the choice, you may
look at what disasters
are in the area that
are typical for your garden,
and say, in California,
plant fire-adapted species
that may be chaparral
and regrow from the roots
or burnt bark faster than
a species that is
not fire-adapted.
So next, I discussed the
disaster damage and planning
for mitigation with the City
of New Orleans Department
of Landscape Architecture.
And they discussed
in FEMA contracts
to not only include cleanup and
recovery, but also maintenance
for a year.
If it's a possibility to include
maintenance in your contract,
that would help
because your staff
is going to be
occupied with putting
the facility and the
programming back together.
If you can have
maintenance crews come in
and help to do some of
that soil mitigation,
to help to do some of the canopy
regeneration, fertilization
efforts, and general
cleanup, then it
will free up your staff
to be able to focus
on some of the organizational
and programmatic recovery that
may be necessary.
And they also pointed out
that it was more successful
for them, when they had
replanted in specific areas--
gardens, parks--
instead of trying
to spread themselves
too thin and do recovery
across the whole
city all at once.
They were able to be more
successful in focusing
on specific areas,
because then they
could give it all
of their attention
and then move on to the next.
At Montgomery Botanical
Center, two important points
that were discussed
during interviews
was that, if you have a
collection of plants that
is very important, you need
to have the people that
know which plants are important
do the original assessment.
So if you have
somebody that's not
qualified to do the
original assessments,
there may be plants that are
missed that could be salvaged.
There may be plants that
are high priority that
are not valued at high
priority, that are missed.
So the person--
the horticulturist
and the curators that
know the collection should
be the ones initially
to assess and triage
before general cleanup begins.
And that seems like it
would be kind of obvious,
but after a disaster,
everyone is scattered,
and people are trying to help.
You have volunteers showing
up at want to do something.
But before they get
their chainsaws out,
you need to have
the curators assess
the damage that happened.
And we also discussed
the edge effect.
So during a hurricane
or strong wind--
potentially even some
minor flooding events--
the edge effect-- think
of a mangrove area
in a marshy setting.
The mangroves act to be a
barrier between the ocean
and the island.
So if you have a garden where
you have an arboretum, where
there's a large set of plants
surrounded by maybe, say,
fields or meadows, the
edge of your collection
is going to be more
vulnerable than the center
of your collection.
So in certain cases, leaving
felled trees from prior
disasters both gives the
trees a chance to regenerate--
come back--
so you can propagate them
for future specimens,
but it also creates a wind
block for future damage
that could potentially happen.
Here's where I saw Chad
on the general chat.
Hi, Chad.
We discussed damage at
Naples Botanical Garden.
So this was very interesting
chat, in that they pointed out
that local resources
could potentially
provide very important
resources that you
could use for mitigation
and salvage practices.
So it's very important to look
into your local universities,
your local extension agents,
and even the municipal setting--
the city governments
or the counties--
to see if there are preparation
and mitigation materials that
are produced for site-specific--
not site-specific, but
regionally-specific information
about disasters.
And if you have--
second point here-- if you have
pre-charged your handheld GIS
unit, it will work off that
battery after a disaster,
when there's--
all the power is out
to everything else.
You can actually
assess your damage
with a nice handheld
pre-charged unit,
if you have thought about
that and have it ready.
Again, things move in disasters,
so if you have a starting point
and you have an
endpoint, you might
have some idea of
what had happened
during the occurrence
that might be able to help
guide you or salvage.
So if a tree was thrown
from point A to point B--
I didn't know before I
had done all this research
for my thesis, a palm tree,
if its roots are intact--
a palm tree can actually
be taken from the place
that it was thrown, and plunked
back in its original spot.
And if you do some
serious root--
if you do some serious
work to amend the soils,
and fertilize appropriately,
and shade the tree--
give it all the opportunity
that needs to have success--
it can actually regrow.
So it's very interesting,
in terms of salvage,
to know what's happened
to your collection.
GIS, I see in the questions,
is a geographical information
system.
So it's a locational--
it's like GPS, but
in a handheld unit--
geographical information
system that you
can use to pinpoint a
location on the plant.
Like I said, if you knew where
the plant was to begin with,
using your old GIS data--
your location mapping data--
then you can see
where the plant either
moved after the
disaster, or you'll
know where to replant based
on where it originally was.
Does that answer your
question, Daniel?
So Fairchild Tropical
Botanic Garden, obviously,
is an hurricane
territory, because it
is in southern Florida,
for people that don't know.
So they said that
they have actually
gotten some FEMA
money to recollect
seeds for damage collection.
And this was 10 years ago.
I don't know that that is
currently true for today.
There's been a lot of
damage, unfortunately,
in the last 10 years, and
there's been resources.
So that possibility
may not be true,
but it's something to look into.
So if you have
expeditions to countries
that have specific
plant material
important to your collection,
you may be able to--
if not from FEMA, from
some other organizations,
grant-wise, to go back
and get your germplasms
recollected to begin
your collection again.
And again here, this is
another research tip--
to write the accession
number for the plant that
is in the pot on
the side of the pot,
because you never know
if, after a disaster,
the plants will be in the same
pot that it was originally in.
So if you can attach some
kind of aluminum tags
to the actual plants, that
would be important also--
but if not, then writing the
accession number on the pot.
And sometimes, actually,
in organizations, they'll
put plants on their side
before the disaster,
because the disaster is going
to come through with high winds
and knock plants down
in many cases anyway.
So there's less damage, if
you're doing it beforehand.
That's another tip.
Sometimes I've seen
people do that.
Gifford Arboretum was another
interview site that I went to.
They discussed planting
small specimens that
root into the soil themselves.
So if you have a large container
and you plunk it in the ground,
it's already developed
a root system,
and it is not going to develop
little, teeny, tiny feeder
roots that turn into giant,
large scaffolding roots.
It is going to have those preset
roots that it had in the pot,
and then develop a network
of smaller routes outside
of that 24-inch pot.
So if you have a 1-gallon
pot and you put that
into the ground, it's developing
those scaffolding roots
from the start.
And so those
scaffolding roots are
going to get into
that native soil
and dig a little roots in deep.
So it's very important to plant
small specimens, when possible,
so that your root system can
be as natural as possible.
And more logistically,
second point
refers to appropriate oversight,
in terms of cleanup procedures.
Again, you want to
make sure that people
that know the collection
are watching the cleanup--
make sure that items
that are being chainsawed
are lesser priority
than items that
would need hand sawing or more
careful mitigation strategies.
Sometimes a cleanup crew
would come across a path
and see a tree in the
path, and they just
cut it up into pieces.
Well, if you have the right
people monitoring the cleanup
process, they can
say, well, is there
a different way of
doing that, and just
putting the trees back upright,
instead of chainsawing right
through it.
So that's a general
logistical tip.
So then we talked
about soil layers
at the Kampong, which is
another tropical-- it's
a national tropical botanical
garden in southern Florida.
It's their site there.
They also have a site in Hawaii.
The Kampong is the
Florida site that
had had extensive hurricane
damage in the past.
And they, again, talked
about soil layers
being very important to creating
a healthy tree and root system.
And if a root system had
been damaged in the past,
they could have success
with canopy sprinklers
to water the tops of the trees,
when the bottoms of the trees
weren't sticking up water.
So some tropical
specimens can be
assisted through tropical
overhead watering, which
is important to think about.
Have a few more
interviews here that I'm
going to be discussing.
And the one of these last
ones is Viscaya Museum House
and Gardens.
This is actually the last one.
So this is a beautiful
old historic garden.
They are right next
to a bay where they
are very vulnerable to damage.
And so they-- let's see.
I'm hearing-- I'm getting
a little static here.
I'm going to try to
see what's going on.
Viscaya discussed
that replanting
with salt-tolerant
plants was helpful.
So they had sat in salt water
for days, almost a week,
at some points.
And so if you have
plants that are
going to be damaged
by salt, then
it is important to think
about specimens, when you're
replanting, that may not
be as heavily affected
by that flooding.
So again, we talked
about the edge effect
at Montgomery Botanical Gardens.
The mangroves, like
I was talking about,
act as a barrier
from storm surge.
And so if you have peripheral
parts of your garden that you
could plant with hedges,
[INAUDIBLE],, junipers, cedars--
anything that would
provide a barrier
to your internal
collection-- that
may be important in reducing
some of that edge effect.
So that's an interesting tip
that they had talked about.
And they had also
recommended county services
as a great resource
for many organizations.
So all the themes
that were discussed
with individual gardens
I laid out in a chart
to see who had talked
about the same theme.
These are some of the major
themes that were discussed.
As you can see here, the
items that were discussed most
were the volunteer help.
You can see there's
organizations
that had talked about
having volunteers
assist in a large, helpful
capacity after an event.
There was six organizations that
had discussed dispersing plants
and seeds off-site--
so taking your
germplasm and making
sure that, for your
highest priority
plants and collections, you're
not the only garden or site
that has those specimens.
So if they're historic
trees from the founder
of the site [INAUDIBLE]
that you work for,
you want to have
propagules of that tree.
You want to have vegetative
cuttings of that tree living
off-site in other
regions so that,
if something happens
to that tree,
you could get that
germplasm back
from those outside
organizations and replant
to that historic community.
Where, if you hadn't done
that, then your germplasm
would be lost and you'd never
have that tree to replant--
so dispersing plants
and seeds off-site.
And then just in
terms of practicality,
after disasters, if you
have a botanical collection,
you're going to need water
to keep that collection going
after a disaster.
And if you don't have
a backup water source,
then you're going
to be in trouble.
So having a backup water
source was something
that six of the nine
gardens had discussed
as being very important.
So we have gone
through the interviews.
We've gone through case studies,
and we've talked about surveys,
in terms of natural disaster
damage to plant collections.
Let's see if some of you have
some specific plants that you
would like to actually
talk about at the end
of the discussion here.
So if you do, here's the answer
to that original question.
It says that 16 of you do.
If you have something
that you would
like to talk about
specifically, go ahead
and, in the general chat, type
in a couple of words about what
that collection or plant is.
And then we'll see at the end,
after I've discussed revisions
to the FEMA documents
and a little case study,
we'll see if we can get to
some of those specific plants,
if you want to see what
the community would
say about how you can prioritize
or salvage those collections.
So here we go.
I am going to talk a little
bit about the revisions that
were made to the
FEMA document based
on the case studies and the
interviews that were made.
I'm going to skip this.
I'm going to go back over here.
Many of the organizations
that I interviewed
and did the case studies
talked about having
staff and volunteer
contact lists of preset
and ready to go, equipment
lists ready to go
what equipment you'd need to--
either chainsaws or cranes.
Replanting strategies-- what to
focus on, what to prioritize--
and also creating help networks
before a disaster happened.
It's easier to touch
base with people,
and have lunch,
and discuss how you
can help one another
before disaster hits
than being hit by something and
then having to ask for help.
Everybody's going to
need help, at that point,
so you want to try to
make it as efficient as
possible by knowing who you
can count on before a disaster.
So the original document
was changed quite a bit.
You can see all the
different colors
that were changed due to
case studies, interview,
general feedback, or
information that I
had learned through going
through different conferences.
And this is less blurry.
The last slide was
a little blurry.
I'm sorry.
You can see the
amount of information
that was changed on that
original FEMA document.
So we've talked
about the template.
We have talked about
the specific information
that I learned from
interview sites.
Let's actually go through
the document itself
and talk about how
to build a plan.
So timing-wise, I'm going
to take about 10 minutes
to discuss this, and
after I discuss this,
we will field some questions.
So I actually am going to
use my current organization,
Children's Fairyland,
as a case study
for a quick little
building of a template.
So the first thing
that you want to do
in developing a plan for
your organization's disaster
management plan is
organizing resources.
So at Children's
Fairyland, getting
support for the project, and
building a team to work with,
and engaging employees
is the first step.
In red, you will see below--
all this red information
is the general information
for Fairyland's
emergency planning team.
Verbally, I'm going to be
discussing what I would
do for a plant collection.
So you can see the
difference between the red
is the written for the
general information,
and verbally, I will be
assessing what I would
do for a plant collection plan.
So getting support
for the project,
I would need to actually get my
boss, the facilities manager--
I'm the landscape supervisor--
I would need to get my boss
on board with protecting
the collections.
So getting support
for the project
is getting my staff in line
with the general staff.
Creating and distributing
a staff contact list
is a general piece
of the equation
that would be included.
Creating a cleanup
effort resource list
would be different
for a plant collection
than it would be for
the general plan.
So in the general
plan, we're going
to talk to our city,
which is the landlord.
We're going to talk to a
utilities locator, which
would be helpful for electric,
and for gas, and for sewer
and water locations.
We're going to talk
to local contractors.
But in terms of creating a
cleanup effort resource list,
that's going to look different
for a botanical collection.
So I am going to talk
to local arborists
that I have done
work with before.
They talk to lawn
care specialists
that I've had to utilize
before, and create a resource
list using them,
and not the general.
Emergency responders and
horticultural contacts--
list them out that we
can call for help and aid
after an event.
We're lucky here
in the Bay Area.
We have a group of colleagues
called the Bay Area Gardens
Network.
We have a informal
email list that we all
communicate with
one another through,
and so that would be a resource
that would be very valuable,
after a disaster event occurred,
to get information from.
There is also some
extension help
that we may be able to
utilize through the University
of California's
Extension system.
And having those horticultural
contacts in place
would be very important for
Children's Fairyland's oak
trees, in particular.
So after we've looked at
organizing some resources,
we are going to develop a plan.
So in order to
develop that plan,
you need to assess your risk.
So at Children's
Fairyland, the general risk
that we could incur include
earthquakes, high winds, fires,
drought, and urban disturbance.
In terms of our
plant collections,
our trees would be hit the worst
by high winds, fires, droughts,
and potentially
urban disturbance.
Included is also freezes, in
our horticultural hazards.
That would not be,
generally, a problem
in our general
facilities hazards,
because freezes can
damage the plants.
Freezes generally--
our buildings
are strong enough to
withstand heavy frost,
so that is a good thing
for Children's Fairyland.
We would want to talk to
our longtime staff members
about what hazards had
happened in the past
to see if what I
was thinking had
been in line with the
historical reality of the site.
Just because I've
been there seven years
doesn't mean that hazard
hasn't happened 22 years ago
that I wouldn't know about.
So talking with your
long-term employees
and board members or
volunteers is very important.
So evaluating your collections
and plants for high value--
at Children's Fairyland, I am
the same as Longue Vue House
and Gardens.
My canopy is most important.
So my oak trees are what is
providing shade for visitors.
They are what is shading
the collections underneath.
We have a nice
camellia collection.
We have some rhododendrons,
some azaleas.
And if those oak trees were
gone, I would be in trouble.
So I'm going to prioritize
my salvage based on those oak
trees, because without the oak
trees, the rest of my garden
is going to suffer.
So assessing monetary
replacement value
for these trees before a
disaster would be important.
I could talk to my
city tree department.
I could talk to those arborists
that I used for general cleanup
services before to try to
assess their replacement
value for these trees.
And I could assess the
historical or social
significance of these
trees with my community.
I could also ask my community if
there are other items that I'm
missing besides the oak trees.
What is important to the
visitors of Children's
Fairyland, and why?
So the third phase in developing
a plan is mitigation planning--
so deciding what
plants to focus on,
and then seeing what it would
take to keep those plants safe.
So deciding what
plants to focus on,
we were just talking
about potentially talking
with the stakeholders about
what they think is important,
besides just me-- because
although I'd love for my word
to be the last, it is not.
So it's important to see
what those stakeholders also
think is important.
Within those collections
of important plants,
what are you going to focus
on most during the disaster?
So again, for me, it's the oak
trees, but for somebody else,
let's say--
there's the Luther Burbank
estate up in the North Bay.
So Luther Burbank
was a plantsman
who developed many, many,
many cultivars of plants
that became commercially and
agriculturally important.
So he has the Santa
Rosa plum there,
and some potatoes
that he developed
that are extremely important.
And so for his collection, and
interpreting his importance
to the plant world, those plants
would be the most important
at that estate.
So deciding what plants
or items to focus on,
you want to know
what to prioritize
by making those decisions.
In terms of keeping
those highest priority
plants or collection
items safe, you
want to actually specifically
look at what those plants are,
and how to keep them safe.
So for my oak
trees, let's say, I
want to try to encourage
healthy roots so
that they are strong
specimens that
can rebound after an event.
I want to eliminate as
many of the pest problems
that I can that
are sapping energy
from the trees before an event,
so that they're healthy and can
rebound quicker after.
Again, as with
other sites that we
talked about in the interview
scene that needed water
after a disaster, I want
to make sure that I'm
going to have
access to some water
to be able to get them
some H2O, if they need it,
after a huge event in
order to keep them happy.
And when it comes to
actual mitigation planning,
you're going to need a
team to come in and help
after the disaster--
so deciding who
is going to implement the
plan, who's going to be there
to safeguard the collection.
And again, make sure that
the chainsaw action that
is happening during
the salvage and cleanup
is appropriate
and not excessive.
The scenario would be different
for different disasters.
So if my oak trees
experienced a fire,
that would be very different
than if my oak trees
experienced a unfortunate riot.
So that's not a
natural disaster,
but that is one of
the threats that we
have in an urban setting, is
having people jump the fence
and create damage.
So what is the
responsibility going
to be for the staff in
those different scenarios?
Are we going to hire security?
Are we going to set the
sprinklers on in a fire
and run the sprinklers, so
that the area's wet beforehand,
so it would have potentially
less damage due to the moisture
and humidity in the
air than it would have,
if it was dry
tinder to light up?
So think about the
different scenarios,
the different
hazards, and what's
the actual response
would have to be
for those different disasters.
You want to talk about
who the first person is
going to be back on scene.
If I'm the landscape supervisor
and I cannot be on scene,
how is the next person going to
down the list what to focus on?
We need to have an
initial recovery person
or group ready so that you
can document damage, assess
the safety, and start
mitigation practices.
And it needs to be communicated
with multiple people
and be stored in not only at
the gardens, but off site,
so that, if one person can't
access the recovery plan,
another person will be able to.
And in that plan,
you want to have
is going to be able to
contact the emergency response
team and potential
security or police forces.
So we're almost there.
We have talked about a plan.
We've talked about how to
salvage specific plants.
We are going to implement the
plan and monitor its progress.
So you want to write the plan
up and keep it in a safe place.
You want to make sure
that, again, it's
on site and off site--
so on your server--
on the network server,
so that multiple people
have access to it.
We're going to talk with
organizations both in and out
of the area--
so regional and out of
the region organizations--
to help with recovery.
Organizations that
are in the area
are also going to be hit by the
potential natural disasters,
so you want folks that
are out of the area
to be partners to be able
to come back and help you.
If they're safe, then they
can come in and help you
with your cleanup and salvage.
And again, contacting local
university extension offices,
county agencies--
they may already have some
research and planning materials
for you to be able to utilize.
So update-- once
you have a plan,
you want to make sure that
it's updated annually.
Staff and plants
change, so you want
to make sure that both
changes are accounted for.
You want to have
a review annually.
So do that the same week every
year, so it becomes routine.
Here in California, in October,
we have the Great ShakeOut,
and it's an opportunity
for schools and community
organizations to all
view an earthquake
drill on the same day.
So it becomes routine.
People know that
it's going to come.
They're not surprised by it.
And they get in to the practice
of dealing with an issue
so that it isn't a surprise,
if and when it does happen.
You want to build those
partnerships during that week,
so that you have
them and they're
ready to go before
a plan happens,
so you can test your plan--
you can evaluate its
effectiveness after a disaster.
And that's important because
you can-- lesson's learned.
If you actually, unfortunately,
have to deal with a disaster,
you'll be able to
know whether or not
the plan that you had originally
created is going to work.
So go ahead and evaluate the
effectiveness of the plan
and make sure that is written up
in a new plan that would either
be the same or even better
than your original plan.
And lastly here, you want
to communicate the plan
that you've created
to staff members.
So what good is an annual update
and an annual walkthrough,
if half the staff is added
in midway through the year
and doesn't know
anything about the plan?
New staff members
definitely need
updated during new
hire training on what
is going on with the
plan, and the processes
for dealing with a disaster.
So we have talked about
finding general resources here.
We've talked about this specific
plant-based information gleaned
during surveys, case
studies, and interviews.
We've talked about
revisions to FEMA document
386-6 on developing a more plant
collections-based template.
And we've talked
about a case study
using my organization,
Children's Fairyland,
as a model.
I want to remind you about
general planning resources
that I had on the first slide.
Here are some actual physical
links that you can use.
These are also in the handout
that you can download down
below, so no need to fret
about writing anything down.
It's already in the handout.
These are garden-specific
resources.
So American Public
Gardens Association
has a wonderful
disaster response center
that they've created
to help one another
before and after disasters.
That's the last bullet point
here down on the bottom.
Please go to that, if you
have a botanical collection
that you're interested
in safeguarding.
It is a very wonderful resource
for you to be able to use.
There is a library
and media center
within the APGA's website.
If you type in
disaster or disaster
planning in that
search box, you'll
get all kinds of
wonderful resources.
My thesis is actually--
the full thesis
is actually in
that media center,
so you can have access to
the more in-depth information
and that thesis.
And as I was
mentioning, in 2009,
the American Public Gardens
Association actually
added a disaster planning
requirement or addition
of an accredited
plant collection
to be considered a
part of their network.
So if you are
interested in learning
about how to comply
with a new standard,
please look up the
middle link there
for the American Public Gardens
Association Plant Collections
Management program.
And I believe we're getting
close to the end here.
This is a wonderful
presentation that
was given at the American Public
Gardens National Conference
last year in 2018 in Anaheim.
If you are interested in some
more specific information
about botanical collections
and their planning for damage
to your collections, please
look this presentation up.
It is a great resource for you.
It's called Thriving
in Disaster,
and you can see it in
that library and media
center in the American
Public Gardens Association.
So we have just a couple
minutes for questions.
Here are some disasters
at Children's Fairyland.
Here's a squirrel eating
Miss Muppet's bonnet.
And some flooding that
happened at the base
of the Wonder-Go-Round, the
Alice in Wonder-Go-Round.
So I have one question here
about bromeliads and orchids
established in trees
in the garden--
how to safeguard, I'm
assuming, bromeliads
and orchids that are established
in trees in the garden.
So if it was me,
long story short,
I would make sure that those
orchids and bromeliads were
actually pulled
out of those trees
before a hurricane was
going to come through.
If you don't, those
bromeliads and orchids
will be in the neighboring
garden after the event.
So if that is not
an option, I would
see us taking propagules of
those, vegetative cuttings.
Bromeliads, you can divide.
So you might be able to
divide those bromeliads
and get separate propagules
to have in a safer
environment during a disaster.
Orchids may or may not
have vegetative cuttings
or propagules that you would
be able to divide and take,
so those orchids
would be something
that you may want
to take down out
of those trees
before the garden--
sometimes you can have--
put them in pots, and then
attach the pots to the trees,
so it would be removable.
If it was a very
important item, then that
might be something
that you could do.
Otherwise, having a
replacement strategy--
so bromeliad and orchid tropical
fern grower that's outside
of your region, having a
contract with them before--
just a standing contract to
say, if there's a disaster,
I'm going to be the
first person that you're
going to sell to replace
my bromeliads and orchids.
If that would be
allowed in your budget,
that may be something
that would be
important to have a replacement
strategy for those bromeliads
and orchids.
Does any other
botanical person that's
here in the talk have any
other ideas that she could use
for her bromeliads
and orchids that
are established in the trees?
If so, please add
in the general chat.
Otherwise, I think that--
This is-- thank you.
--is all the time--
Yeah.
--that we have.
Please fill in the
course evaluation.
I'm going to add a few things
to the handout before I post it.
So I will post the recording,
the PowerPoint slides,
the handout, the
planning template,
and I will post those--
as soon as you no
longer see the ad
for this webinar on our website,
you'll know that all of that
is in the archives through 2019.
And join us next
month for Old Loans.
In May, we're going
to do something
on care of herbaria, which may
be of interest to many of you.
And I'm also going to post--
we did a webinar a few years
ago on living animal collections
that might be related to several
things that Jackie said today.
So we'll see you next month.
Remember that we have the
RE-ORG course coming up,
if you're interested in that.
And all of our webinars are
available free to listen to.
Courses cost something,
but the webinar--
