This is really a tour of the geology of Southwest United States
And we're going to start from the west certain number of marble Base or or work our way over to the Arizona Southern California
Southern Utah in Arizona, so these are all places that you can go visit all of them are within a day drug
We have our field classes which are
offered
every semester
Deep and so we go up to big sur by the way this is the from Racket point
That's the fastest rising Mountain range in the world
It's rising faster mlas okay?
And we also visit other places on our field trips like this salt flats happen for reason planes anybody
It's an underappreciated and friend National monument
Senator is fault and what it's happening is we're looking
Straight down the Hall
Where all those bushes are is the san Andreas dog you can't just stand we have much and people have lunch
You could have like one foot in North America Penguin put on a specific like an episode of fun
This is getting down and looking for minerals what we're looking for around one stone, beautiful are not looking for Moonstone
That's totally to go
Doesn't it look?
We're living for her g and you can get blue jade couples
Is there everybody all these people on their belly here at sunset so our first students here is on nippon Arm?
But he studies one of our newer geology majors
And he is going to benefit just a few minutes talking about this amazing place called Moral
What my anticipation will be?
Our world Rock goes down
More Rock is located more, babe
The Air is [Sammy's] peaceful about three hours, North Western Heritage
Bring new partners in Heaven
The Geology 34 lab and a trip to this morning
and
How many have you been?
So you guys like it I?
Was to talk about 15 years ago there was some eccentric long search for coming apart you can see here
At the same time there are some extension that was caused by normals
Some men will bloat enough cracks and surf in the chain there
Are 12 [channels] in the chain that goes from seven?
tomorrow, baby
More raw was forming Aqui, no
evidence between
the Appendix Egg is an earned run and did not
this one particular well we went out to
the National Association of science teacher
Conference Avec we sponsor
We went up to the Kelso Dunes has anybody been accosted him
Oh my God state of the past not waiting three hours away from here, and they are the tallest in
California and
A lot of when you go to Kelso dunes if you have the choice of crying up here
crawling train walking up to the top and this is like hundreds of feet high and
Then what do you do when you're on top of a doing?
whatever
Good job don't have lessons. Enjoy
So this is skip who you'll see tonight
so
Quiet Geology one
Is the cometh who?
expect
One thing I got to mention though these dunes. You shouldn't just jump off as I if you walk down
You hear the growl growling moons or parking games and only certain jews do that on there son y?
All surgeons, and only if those sand grains are really really round it getting through like two or three times, okay?
June teaching me a new way of Jumping high
Okay, we have lots of [cinder] [cones]. We got our mom and sell the baker on the Filmmaker Road
There's a whole one football camps is it and to tell us about some of this is
skip
Afternoon folks, how we doing day
So I'm here to present cinder cones
by me
for
marvelous fun facts gloss and echoes is that one they develop rapidly nice little fun factory there was a
Little Crack in Mexico
And I think 1949 in nine years it developed into a 1000 foot Center say develop really gravity in comparison
chilled or volleyball camp when gas forces
Steaming Lava upwards into the air as it cools the point across to the ground
It's usually a converted to pebbles or seniors as scientists college. He's built up around the vet they ejected them forming a comb and
Giving this type of all king of his name. We see a Lava Tube. Swarmed by certain Volcanoes
Some opportunity can come out and be good morning interesting
Bobson that are Airborne and our 2.5 inches back or a bigger and color bombs and here we can see bigger bombs here
football comes
The tail usually comes attached when it goes up in the air
It leaves a trail and when it comes down and breaks off like a tadpole
It goes like that
Okay, next we want Angela
and
She's one of our newer geology majors, too
And I am just in even breathe read through about what we did when we went to anza Borrego
We went to the Salton Sea was one of our stops. Oh, we went to shell read and got to see fossils which are by
there's a
Um with all kinds of crazy possible solution the most incredible thing by far for me was
Getting to see [the] wind cave, and I was more amazed by how the process works what happens?
Department these is A
Standard blown off of the Badlands and
Gets thrown onto the front sir the service of these Sandstone
Structures and slowly air gets trapped citing the crafts that are
Exposed and it's spun around for years and years and carves these gorgeous
alcoves and
Outcropping than ever he was caused by the wind just doing what it does best
ever Act
Okay, so the next talk we have is
about volcanoes which are nearby they're
There just Beyond and Bereta with it's much easier for us to get the English three rounds the hallway
Can present this geology majors is?
last month Johnson 10 for that signature and the Dorito and
ok
when hot water and mother and
It's up, and it's up the water
and
It turns into a gasser steam
Pushes up to the [mud] [pool], Wisconsin's on Bubbles so long
it caused by nothing and
Is really smelly?
Really?
gas and water Chinese tea
the year
The method is trying to escape Sorted
like pops up and spread the word and rice
sort of like if you were here on the site is very very light and selfish and
something but I got to do was my
And it's been hi, don
we went on a big huge science, but it was as I already explained as most of our science students and
They are very active on the largest clubs on the campus and thanks to the generosity of the South Bay
Very middle site they had a fundraiser at the mineral show
Last night and raised two hundred bucks and loving you were generous in your donations
Hey, Bryce, Canyon was one of our I plain fact they voted that their number one spot
how many people have been embraced him all right si El Macero [I] knew
And it's an awesome place season even our vice president of our college dodo
Right next on our thing here and we went over to zion they're doing
Is Joe my name is Stephen Walker? I'm a geology major that Comido
officer in this science club and the science cope with desire
Senior this Year is already been signed
If [you] [are] they probably noticed the cross bedding which is what I'm going to talk about today. Yeah, that's the ground spending there
It's called cross spending because it cuts across the normal horizontal
layers
The formation is basically from a windblown
senescence and varying colors types and
compositions different models that simulate in thin layers
And they build over time
What happens is it eventually will reach the angle over codes, which is the maximum?
Beautiful thats and can hold itself up and what will happen is coming
And the sand will trap inside
it's about 30 degrees the angle of repose and
What happens then after the sand Dunes are for?
Calcium bearing solutions end up seeping into the sand and it's cemented together creating the Navajo Sandstone
Which has a very red color which [is] indicative of formation?
Where the irons has in sediments has been oxidized at the time using these tools we can determine?
the Direction of the senate entrance
from this information geologists have been able to determine that about
Years ago the Southwestern United States was covered a large desert
including parts of the Grand Canyon has been to
There is a little bit of cross Bay and the fossilized in
Formation is in the upper wall Grand Canyon section the second layer down to look out for that is called the cochineal formation
There it is the second layer down
it's a great tool for
Geologists to determine geologic history of an area to be able to put the puzzle together basically and to tell what happened in the past
It's also something really portable again, so get out there
That random Canyon, and we were there was some day. We were going to school newspaper
[okay], say helped [talk] about us the brand can to tell us about Brennan is another brand new Geology. This is Jerry
So today. I won't be talking about the layer deposit of the Grand Canyon. I'll be talking about the formation of the opinion and
two basic two of the main concepts that go with the drinking in our
Stream capture and Edward erosion and they sort of go hand in this day
You can't have one without the other
So this here is a map of the grand canyon
This is the gate canyon
This year it's the old Colorado river
which then eventually diverts
into
Which one is now the grand canyon this is the present Colorado River, Little Colorado river?
see
So let me just give you a quick definition is recaptured
Stream captures a also known as river captured it's a geomorphological [nom] not that occurred on a river or stream that birds
Feathers from its original bed into the neighboring stream, and how does this happen it happens with Edward erosion?
So Edward erosion is a river process of erosion their length of the stream loire Valley at its end
And this is the uphill and that's where
And it largest the drainage amazing. This is the drainage basin here
And [I'll] show you a little bit so basically this stream here
it just started digging a little little by little until it reached the [Colorado] [River] and then it just
Naturally from its original bed, and that's sort of that concept is what?
given this presentation today believe convergent plate boundaries
Costas Kaibab Plateau which lies on the Colorado plateau
Uplift so instead of the normal Convergent boundary of the place to go
I'm just 200 down into the earth it went through Earth's crust which lifted in
Causing this this plateau to uplift this whole Colorado river used to run down this way
But then it when it was smashed
It changes direction them and then little Colorado River acknow falls into a pit of the grand canyon as well
How long did this take you might ask?
It actually took about five million years which [is]
Very rapid in Geologic time and the rate of vertical vertical erosion was about for every thousand years
What a thousand feet every really years you're going to go to the grand Canyon or anything around there?
You've got to go that extra half hour and make it to meet your freighter one of the world's has things that we have in
south question message we have very
This is the best place is why you 3,000 miles to teach geology here? We have everything and this
Takes about nine hours 50, but to tell us about this we've done
I'm a geology and astronomy major my career goal with two dumb and astrobiologist
I love to study other planets. So mentally this would be a great interest to me
Now I know a lot of you obviously been to Arizona. How many people here have been to meteor crater?
Okay, so a good number of you
Many people where they go here
It's really just a big hole in the ground
But when you take a little time to learn [about] it and start swinging features, it's actually quite fascinating
This is the first crater on Earth. That was actually recognized as being of
Extraterrestrial origin origin everybody before this time thought they were formed by volcanoes or steam explosions
But this is where an asteroid struck the Earth, but 50,000 years ago a nickel-iron
meteorite struck the land and the size of the asteroid was about
150 feet
across
but when they hit the ground
It hit with Nuclear Force it hit with about the energy
150 Terashima a [box] and
What it did rather than burrow into the ground like many people would logically assume?
there's so much energy involved that it literally vaporized the majority [of] the
Meteorite and so when you go to meteor crater in into that area today
you actually find very little meteorite material most of it turned literally the vapor about and
shockwaves went through the ground and it through material out for a distance of about six miles, this is a
cross-section a side view of the Crater
The Crater is about three-quarters of a mile across and this was the original hole this is gauged out
by the meteorite and
That was about 800 feet deep
But when it through the material out it also through a lot of materials straight up into the air and that just felt
Right back down into the hole and it filled it in actually again within moments about 300 feet
Fit erosion over the last fifty thousand years is also filled in a very thin layer called alumium out of here in
The Crater itself, so then added about another 200 feet of depth so today. It's only out of the
550
phoebe
So when then exploded and throw out that material it tipped these layers here and invent them upward
Now this green here. You'll see a little line right there. That's called a hinge
These layers here were actually flipped over completely backwards
And when you go to the crater today, it's actually kind of difficult to see
But one of the biggest proofs that this was of a meteorite or an impact origin is what's called Rock flower?
And if you were standing there on the Rim
And you were to grab some of these rocks you can pick them up in your hand and crush them literally
into flour and that's because it was pummeled by the
wedding energy of the impact
Well, why is a place like meteor crater, so important? It's a science
And so the earth as well as any other planet formed through this process of accretion
We have erosion so we only have maybe two or three hundred recognized meteor craters on Earth today
But if you look at the moon, or I'm sure both of you seen it through a telescope maybe griffith park
It's covered in Craters, and so when we study this it's a key to understanding the origin and evolution of the solar system
but also our home world, so
concludes talk about astronauts using this as
So the perfect sideways my last thing I want to conclude on and that is our most famous geology
it's an astronaut really well-known names Michael think and
Remember is finally going to
Teachers and stuff and one of the things was showing is that when he was he spent entire?
Year in the space station in to six months segments one of the things that gets bringing their own stuff
floating around in outer space
