the middle ages of church
history of the dark ages server
you and put it back all that the
dark ages because
it just sounds ominous and more
interesting
, but it's the middle ages of
church history and I've done a
lesson or two in here before
sell you understand, what what
we're d
and a major part of this had to
do with the rise of Islam
and the crusades in fact of the
Ast and somebody on the street
tell me what you know about the
middle ages one of the few
things that will come up perhaps
are the crew sates and course
the cr
is something a Theus and
skeptics like to bring up to
show in their opinion
faults of the church
and where the church were wrong
and how bad the churches and
it's a blight on history I mean
it's warfare in the name of
Jesus C
and the
it that's not what Jesus called
for all outdoors and verses
about that in just a moment
at the same time we recognize
that the church waging the wars
of the crusades
was not the Biblical church and
weeks leading up to this have
demonstrated that time and time
again
the church that was waging the
crusades and calling for
military warfare and the name of
Jesus Christ was not the church
you read about in the bible
is so it might be an
embarrassment to the midi deal
church but is not an
embarrassment to the Biblical
new testament church said
to fight with swords to spread
the good news about him
that might've been islam's way
that might've been the way of
the roman catholic church and
the byzantines
and might've been the way of the
even the reformers after them
but it's not the way of christ's
disciples is sold
we understand the confusion out
there but there's no need for
new testament Christians to feel
embarrassed about this we do
need
that sell I would start that
discussion I don't think that
there's any way I can
totally talk about the crusades
in one class and so will start
the discussion see how far we
get this morning
and last week in my class would
talk about the rise of Islam
seventh century
Islam came very quickly in the
world and rose very quickly
power around that time Gregory
the great on regarded as one of
the fi
and then around that time of
Hamid was born he says that he
received a revelation from
Gabriel the angel
he delivered it as the last
prophet and of that became the
koran
and called on people to follow
him
in his allegiance to Allah
and many people answered the
call a lot of this had to do
with political unrest a lot of
it had to do with day of
dissatisfactio
a lot of it had to do with the
desire to unite their radiant
rides and Mohammed was able to
do that
coming back to mecca and 630
and establishing a large Muslim
kingdom
now looks like this and the
darkest area is the area
established by Mohammed it in
just a few years out he had to
run away from 
that a couple years later of
soul that darkest area is the
area that he
established and then you see it
spread into the whiter shade of
purple and then the lie to shave
it goes all the way from Spain 
that's a very different looking
map than what it look like when
you're talking about the roman
empire just a century before
so the roman empire especially
in the east was being weekend by
the Islamic people
who were conquering in the name
of Allah all over the Middle
East and of Palestine including
Jerusalem was taken in 638 Serie
up
which were once very heavily
Christian were now is you can
see on that map
Muslim Territories and even
today
to say Egypt people think wrist
and they think most will he say
Serie a the last religion they
think of is Christianity
they think is slaw
and sell and all of this
happened in the seventh century
and as you can imagine
the roman empire which is now
not the empire of the class
school age is
but this holy roman empire
established by Europeans, under
Charlemagne knows after am of
these these folks and did not
like this
that had always belonged to the
romans before and soul of
they started thinking about how
to deal with
with fees, mussels now
one of the res is a holy lands
were so important
too many evil church and you're
up
is because a pilgrimage is
where you ever for serene the
Canterbury tales when you're in
high school are college may be
and you read about these
Christians
wild pilgrimages were a form of
pennants and fear ever some of
our discussion about the
medieval church
in the middle ages penance was
something that
you did to make up for your
sense it was punishment that you
brought upon yourself in the
place of god bringing it on you
and it
maybe the highest form of
penance because it was so hard
and dangerous and expensive
so lot of Christians would make
pilgrimages to the holy lands
namely Jerusalem or to sites
were supposedly relics were
located a
saints recognize by the church
their highly regarded
and so the pilgrimages were made
and for many
centuries after Mohammed
there was peaceful enough
relations between Christians and
Muslims were Christians were
allowed in the holy lands
controlled by 
of the the Muslims regarded Adam
and no one Moses and Abraham and
Jesus as profits and sell they
had friendly enough relations w
with the rise of up to killer
brand of military Islam called
the cell jack turk's and got a
map on them
on the subject turks came about
me get the date on that 11th
century and they were far less
permissible than their forebears
especially with regard to
Christian
empire of the Byzantine empire
to look like that Constantinople
was located there, at the
western end of Asia minor and
you can 
along with a lot of Eastern Asia
and update were not very
friendly and Christians at all
and stopped allowing them
peaceful transit into the area
is a pilgrimage
and so the old Byzantine empire
was reduced to little more than
Greece and in desperation the
emperor of Constantinople
sent word to Christians Western
Europe asking them for eight
come and save your brothers and
sisters in the church
from
these turks that are taken over
the holy lands and even the
eastern roman empire
and sell
they answer the call the western
church
began sending warriors downed in
the crusades
to fight for the holy lands now
the word crusade means taking
the cross
and people on their way to
crusades would wear clothing
that they and some crosses in
two on the front
and generally speaking when they
were going to the crusade stay
where the cross and the fine
when they're leaving the
crusades o
back two Jerusalem back to
Israel back to Palestine where
it belongs back to the holy
lands this was not pure new
testament Chri
I told you we go over some
verses about that listed that
now you remember when a point
was brought to Jesus and
he was asked is of lawful to pay
taxes to Cesar you ever jesus's
answer that question
has inscription is on
Caesars and said Rendell and the
caesar was Caesars and that god
was god's
and sold there was at a
separation between the church
and state in that statement
some things are god's taxes and
necessary
of governmental obligations are
there but your life is not
primarily a political gov't life
that was answer than Jesus gave
but to the crusades are fought
under different princes
also before pilot pilot in task
in Jesus are you the king of the
jeans
what he meant by that is are you
a political earthlink enough
setup as a rival two the roman
emperor
and Jesus denied it and he said
and john 1836 Mike Keenan is not
of this world if my kingdom more
of this world my service would
we often shorn that too is
saying making the site of this
world
but at the pay close attention
when he say if my kingdom were
of this world than my servants
would be fighting that I might
not 
is so when Jesus without calling
on a service to fight but the
sword the enemies of Christ a
later on a synchronous Ten Paul
say
but
he says there and their
arguments that are lifted up to
destroy every lofty pit opinion
racing is the knowledge of god
in other words the word of god
is the sort of the spirit
is not a sword made of steel
but of god's powerful were
that's the kingdom that
Jesus established and this is
very different situation
one of the most influential
speeches of church history
of pope urban the second
gathered at of people together
two start the first crusade near
some of the words from the
speech is in Uri Eastern
Brothers and
turks and Arabs have conquered
their territories IE or rather
the Lord Beggs you destroy that
vial race from their lance
of so is calling on calling for
genocide basically of there in
those lands they don't belong
there
and is not just me but god is
calling on you to go down there
begging you to go down and
destroy those people he
continues to th
nor does it abound in wealth and
furnishes scarcely good enough
for its cultivators
hints it is that you murder and
of our one another in Europe on
the road to the holy sepulcher
rest that land from the wicked
ra
now does this sound like just a
war fought for spiritual reasons
of that betrays some
materialistic goals in mind
in the call to go down there and
fight and so here we have some
stated reasons for the crusades
and then we have
some other reasons us go to the
stated reasons number one
to win back the holy lands go
down and take Jerusalem and
surrounding areas and places of
the holy relics away from
of the muscles number two
checked the advance of Islam
Islam was a competing religion
it was not the true religion and
sell conv
and then number three heal the
division between the church and
the east and in the west
and you know that through
doctoral disagreements and the
scrimmage some of their
political in nature the church
had split
around the 1054 forming the
western roman catholic church
in the eastern orthodox church
east orthodox church at its own
patriarch or leader the roman
catholic church had the pope and
they had become divided
the idea that the pope who won
be universal Bichette had was
that
through this if we save the east
and I can become leader of the
church
all over the world once and for
all
now if these are the stated
reasons and if accomplishing
them
marked the success of the
crusades than it was a complete
and utter failure
because in the end they did not
win back the holy lands they did
not checked the advance of Islam
and they did nothing but why
even the gap between
the eastern Christians and the
western Christians it was very
unsuccessful by the lamb and to
say this before we talk about
the 
to talk about
a period of about 500 years
if you wanted just make it easy
from about 1000 to 1500 you know
the end of the middle ages right
before the reformation
and of Darrow depending on how
you count them 78 or nine crew
sates I'm a look and 7:00 AM
combining what's often called
the fir
as organizes historians outlined
com sell 789
average count them they were
wars that were fought
of
near the end of the middle ages
now those are the stated reasons
but here are some of the other
reasons
that you might say here were the
real reasons of number one there
was a famine in the western
empire that created economic
distr
and so the thought was weak and
dell and you saw this in some of
Pope Berman speech area will go
back to it and does not we have
our population is not abound and
wealth
and there is scarcely food
enough for the cultivators
so sounds like he's interested
in
some eight economic relief
number two of many men were
eager to go on a crusade hoping
to reestablish themselves
financially which is related the
number on
go down it and find fortunes is,
like the gold rush
there are you know there were
tales about great riches and
resources in the holy lands to
be had by anybody who could go
down th
are three summer interest in an
plunder and setting themselves
up as feudal lords and
territories they hope to take
from the mus
meaning there are no woman were
very wealthy and in control of
Lotto lands and they would
invest in those lands two lower
people
that I will if I can go now to
conquer some land in a new place
that I can set myself up as a
wealthy
landowner and have people under
many others are interested in
developing easier trade with the
near east end if the crusades
accomplish anything that might
have been one accomplishment
because there was a road routes
of trade that were opened up
after t
if you can imagine especially
young men without family ties
and angered about exciting
adventures to be had in the
Middle East t
three else is still others went
to escape punishment for crimes
in fact
no people instigating crusades
often went to criminals
and gave them leniency are
clemency
if they would go and fight these
wars and thinking was
a visa the most violent people
around us who better to fight a
war than violent war criminals
sell them release and from
prison 
two conquer the muscles that was
the idea
because as a general
introduction to the crusades as
best as I can give it of any any
questions so far on that
I'm missing thing that they be
thought I should mention
Afton and that no whole lot
about this before
last week's of
untried of this 11 week a heavy
on this
I was talk about
the crusades now just numbering
them in order to like to say I'm
breaking them down into seven
crew states and the first one
was
1092 is the opening date for the
first crusade of the Byzantine
emperor at this time was alexius
the first he saw no opportunity
of the soul again this gets to
the divide between the empires
and the church is there was a
smaller eastern empire
headquartered in Constantinople
and larger western empire
headquartered at
Wilde was originally in Rome and
later into areas of France and
in Germany and soul of the west
empire and eastern empire hope t
and eastern emperor appealed to
pope urban the second guy were
quoting a minute ago
and asked him to help him drive
the turks of the holy land
of the roman emperor at this
time was a guy named Henry the
fourth cell poker and called on
Christians to push back conquest
of 
at the council of Claremont this
is in France and 1095
and those exurbs from his speech
were on that date 1095 and many
answered the call
now some other people answered
the call to go fight in the
crusades
were people who are desired
and some of them were people who
are not desire of
this is a map of the crusades of
keep going back to
of a notes and possible free to
see the details of the chicken,
and the seed movements may be in
all be going back and forth bet
but up here the Herman had a lot
of influence he was one of the
monks and you know monks were
some of the high it was highly
reg
and that he said you know you're
going after these noble man Das
and to leave their families and
leave of their wealth
to rest their lives in the east
I can gather together a huge
army of peasants an event he got
2238 thousand peasants to follow
h
to the holy wars the problem was
they were very educated they
didn't have
no modern weapons of warfare the
reason pitchforks and sticks and
things are their bare fists of
they were not good people and a
not been any of these people
were
ideal but that they were really
rough
and up they had no organization
no military skills and so it was
a complete disaster when he led
them into areas on what is know
absolutely dreadful just
disastrous other desirable
elements came in the form of a
new development in monasticism
and this was militarize
supporters of monks called
nights you're familiar and
nights may not ever realize that
night's came out and monasticism
they were basically militarize
monks and there are a couple
orders that may sound familiar
to you maybe not
, this is a depiction of the
knights templar the word templar
outcomes from the word for
temple the idea was there going
to go in defend solomon's temple
in Jerusalem
so they come out of the crusades
of they have their you concede
the comrade cross on their chest
emblazoned on their chest that 
and up they were some of the
fiercest warriors during the
crusades
I here's another order of nights
I may say this wrong hostetler's
of the hospital are zip comes
from the word for hospital which
during the pilgrimages up these
hospitals were stab wish along
the road
for Christians to stop and get
food and rest
of later governments started
taking over welfare and feeding
the hungry and the four and the
bay
is began to just focus on the
set which is why we call our
places for the sick today
hospitals while the knights
hospital ers' t
and also were like the knights
templar warriors and the
crusades and of they were also
known as a knights of saint john
and us so these are just two
mortars there were others became
along later these are two of the
first
and of the knights hospital are
some had the white crosses you
see the guy on the left wearing
on his
reviews of roe
summit crusaders were organize
some of them are not well
organized, Doreen as portion was
led by noble and from France
Belgium N
and of their leaders their
armies arrive in Constantinople
in 1094
that took the town and ICL which
you recognize from the council
and I see it and the marsh and
Antioch when they got the
Antioch
until somebody yelled something
about we're found the spear used
by the roman soldier to Pierce
the side of our lord
and
that rejuvenated the army's and
they fought back the turks in
the church or forced to withdraw
from any of
of them are stunned a Jerusalem
and they're able to take
Jerusalem from the turks and
1099 now historians say a lot of
this succ
there's always unrest with the
annum without and usually the
unrest within is what takes
people now so right now the
Christians 
as they often did whenever they
conquer new territories for a
while of then the main conqueror
was successful he dies and then
t
and the Christians caught them
in that state and so they're
able to get Jerusalem and 1099
of the 30,000 to 50,001 on the
first crusade
4000 to 10,000 reach Jerusalem
in Asia minor there either
massacred are taken prisoner
or sold as slaves by the turks
of many others died from disease
and starvation
what's interesting about this
first crusade is it led to the
establishment of four crusader
states and on that map if you
can lo
isn't a crusader states so they
were Muslim Territories until
1999 after the first crusade in
these four states were
established
a county of tri
triple as the principality of
Antioch and the county of edessa
city's four states or newly
organized and were
kind of a part of the holy roman
empire
that was the idea
and up this is really
interesting idea to me that you
have
roamed
you have maybe in Greece
remnants of the Byzantine empire
and the whole lotta Muslim
Territory
and then in Palestine you have
these four states that were
kind of a part of the roman
empire still
on that was something I really
hadn't thought much about
but there were rulers from the
west in there and they conquer
that territory and the intention
of course was to spread that and
so as the first crusade a we had
about 67 minutes so I'll cover
the next one and then maybe stop
there so the second crusade was
and it was called an 1145
in response to the fall of the
county
of a Des up now and SA is the
northernmost
province of these four crusader
states and sell you know it was
taken and the turks reorganize
and they took it back so in
respo
probably more influential this
month called Bernard of Claire
vo
promoted the second crusade or
one of the things are really got
people moving on this was the
pope promised forgiveness to any
o
there was one King King Louis
the seventh of France was really
interested in this because king
lilly had burned a church down
wi
and he was feeling kind guilty
about that
as so I he decided I'll go on
this crusade now get people to
go and the pope says I can even
be forgiven for burning a church
do
and that the religious leaders
had the
and evolve into
and the power they wielded just
what this promise of forgiveness
which doesn't come from any
religious leader
but only Jesus Christ
so under the leadership alludes
seven to France and Conrad the
30 Germany decrease aid began
favorably but it ended in
miserable
with thousands killed in Asia
minor
of they're able to reach
Damascus which is in Serie up
and be a
in the area of a dent said they
got there and after a siege of a
few days became discouraged
and return home now and this
brings as two a Muslim leader
who was the most famous
of this is Saladin
and a salad and was the greatest
muscle leader the crusades may
be in history where the greatest
leaders of the middle ages hand
, he's up there with any roman
emperor
or any of your church leader in
terms of his military prowess is
political abilities
and another thing that made him
unusual was that for a conqueror
he could be
a forgiving person he was
interested in peace and he
brought peace in and made
treaties with the Christians in
the west and sett
he was named Cal a fee in 1174
he unify the Muslims
preaching jihad against
Christians and he retook
Jerusalem in 1187
at the end of second crusade
added said that when pope urban
the third heard the news that
capture Jerusalem he died of
shop
and so that's how the second
crusade when it was um it was
really a disaster in the end
, any questions now about 5
minutes here
neither
salad and as a LA
Dee i.e. in
an
Kings in their power to its
related of
while we will have done last
class of the quarter I hope to
talk about English translations
little bit because near than
those b
used in the middle ages
, so the King James translation
was commissioned by King James
but it isn't it is a translation
and
you know was in translating by
Kings are people in power but
a group of scholars which is
made it
so influential one of the
reasons people use of today is
because it is a good translation
so the question you know it's
kind of a loaded question
and a misunderstanding of what
it is it's not a political
document
in King James bible is a
translation from the original
Hebrew and Greek the languages
in two
young 17th century English
and get off the King James has
it all translations have
flaws because human beings are
trying to get you know the
original languages in two
equivalents but everything you
need to no th
,
sell the answer is
hate this is a translation
a number of Greek and Hebrew
scholars to put their stamp of
approval on it
eats and yell 400 years of past
and nobody
in the no says that this is a
political document like
propaganda
it's a translation of the bible
I know
well hand and I think what this
gets in two to tie back into
some that things are talking
about here
is we do things differently
today
than they did in 1600 are in no
1054 whenever I use state in on
America especially the state
isn't
that the America of American
government would never
commission the translation of a
bible and never do that is so
strange to us 
that end up where suspicious of
that kind of relationship
between the church and state
basically because we're
Americans
and you know we've been taught
Thomas Jefferson separation of
church and state since we're
kits but, that's just the way
things 
and not be burned at the state
for it you went through the
proper channels switch in
England was the king of England
if you went
and translated the bible into
the common language you be on
the run for your whole life
which many people were and make
sacrific
the date when King James
authorize the bible which is why
it's called the authorized
additions not authorize by god
is authorize
and the thing
people who are really on the
King James like to call it the
authorized but
, he was authorized by the
government that's the way they
did things that are we doing
differently now
but only way you could've gotten
English translation the bible
distributed as well as it was
was once are the proper channels
yet brought
me I'll that's the caliph eight
a caliph though I use that word
in terms of a recognize
successor of Mohammed
and say it kind of but team in
the sense of your its successor
to mohammed's rain or mom is
position of course the muscles
haven
but that's what Californian's
and is basic senses successor to
Mohammad as some of the city's
agree on one
caliph eight that she is agree
on a different caliph a assess
how the branches formed salad
and was assuming
a twitch is a majority of
Muslims today 9% and mussels are
sins
sell it at more questions too
bad the bell rings
to scanning
yell apart a man
bill locate missing
will quickly for work and I'm
not I'm not joking this time of
this win this one
yet yet those of this Elgin
turks which were soon ease at
the time, and that's that's
changed now
but the cell objects that kinda
started
demilitarize version of the
crusades on the Muslim side
of the salad and was one of them
that was his territory
giver take
OK thanking
