They are weird, very weird, but what do we
know about them?  How do they work?
How are they created and destroyed? Can
we photograph one? in this video we'll
have a closer look at one of the strangest
things we know black holes
In order to understand the creation of a
black hole, we first need to
understand stars. Stars are big clouds of
gas of hydrogen kept together through
their own gravity. In the center of a
star hydrogen atoms are crushed into
helium atoms by nuclear fusion, under
immense pressure and millions of degrees Celcius.
In very big stars, way bigger than
our Sun, the crushed helium can fuse on
the helium is fused into carbon into
neon into oxygen to silicon and into
iron and there's the problem. All the
nuclear fusion before iron releases a
lot of energy in the form of radiation,
this radiation is pushing against the
gravity caused by the mass of the atoms.
This creates a sphere in which the atoms
are kept together but iron doesn't
release this radiation, because of this
the balance between radiation and
gravity is disrupted. If the balance is
disrupted critically; in a matter of
seconds the star implodes. Then the star
dies in a huge explosion creating an
immense amount of light, called  a supernova
explosion. This can create two things: or
a neutron star, this is a star with
mostly in diameter of ten kilometers
with a mass of three times its former
star. As you can imagine it is an
enormous density, this density and the
one million degrees kelvin surface
create weird circumstances or a
black hole
Now you probably wonder: what is a black
hole? It is not just a holle that
devours everything in its path, there's a
lot more going on than that. A black hole
is a place in space where gravity pulls
so much that not even light can get out
the gravity is so strong, because matter
has been squeezed into a tiny space.
Because the light cannot get out
black holes are invisible. A black hole
grows by eating things around it but to
eat a star it has to be so close that it
passes the event horizon. It is at that
point impossible to escape. Now
spaghettification takes place, this is
when the gravity is so strong that your
body gets stretched out and squashed
until you get squashed into a single
point of infinite density. now you have
become one with the black hole. This
brings us to theevent horizon. The event
horizon is the threshold around the
black hole, where the escape speed
surpasses the speed of light, so you
could technically escape before reaching
the event horizon, but then you need to
go almost as fast as the speed of light
which is still impossible for us.
on April 10th the image of the black
hole was shown from the image of the
black hole we can tell whether this
general theory of relativity is correct
so what we're gonna do is to understand
image of the black hole here it's the
event horizon here light itself cannot
escape the black hole everything goes to
the middle of the event horizon the
radius of the event horizon is known as
the Schwarzschild radius Around the event
horizon is the accretion disk, it's
located at reach 3 Rs away,
the accretion disk consists of dust
and gas it's the part of the black hole
which we can see the accretion disk is
incredibly hot, like millions and
millions of degrees and it moves at the
fraction of speed light. The part moves
the fastest we see the brightest. There is
something that can orbit too close to
the black hole and it's lloyd's that's
because light has no manners
it can orbit because of death at 1.56
for shields or a die away the cost of
the gravity light rates that are
slightly above the event horizon are
bent into the event horizon at 2.6 worth
to over di a far enough do not bent into
different right anymore so each other we
see on the picture if two point six are
bigger and even towards himself this is
roughly what we see when we look
ridiculous with an accretion disk
now we know how black holes are created
and what they actually are it is time to
look at how they are destroyed first we
look at what is going on is based all
the time quantum fluctuations of the
vacuum this is the process in which
particles are created and destroyed we
focus on the destroy part as we also
want to destroy the black hole all
particles that are created also have a
virtual anti particle when they collide
they destroy each other and they are
gone
this also happens at the black hole's
event horizon when it happens there it
is possible that the real particle
escapes the event horizon and shoots out
into space without being destroyed by
the anti particle now the black hole is
one particle of mass the anti particle
though still exists it will search for a
new friend which it can destroy this is
called Hawking radiation or evaporation
this only happens when the particles are
situated perfectly now the black hole
has two particles of its mass the speed
of this process the first / black hole
the bigger the black hole the slower the
evaporation goes this is because a big
black hole is very cold the biggest
black hole we know has a radius of 37
times the distance between Pluto and the
Sun this black hole has a temperature of
10 to the power of minus 17 Kelvin or
about minus 273 degrees Celsius at this
temperature particles move very slow and
it is hard for the particles to escape a
small black hole is warmer so the
particles move faster and it's easier
for them to escape a black hole way the
size of our Sun would take 10 to the
power of 67 years to radiate away that
is 10 million trillion trillion trillion
trillion trillion years or a1 with 67
zeroes
so the only thing we need to destroy a
black hole is time
