I want to show you something that is
bringing me joy right now.
Because it is spring, this little bird nest,
on this swing, has a little egg in it.
That’s crazy!
That was me a few months ago,
right after I discovered this bird’s nest
with a single bright blue egg
sitting on this porch swing.
A few days later it had four eggs.
Guess what happened next?
They hatched.
And you better believe I named them.
This is Goose, Pepper Jack, Dot, and Rocco
For a few weeks when I was really bored during
lockdown,
I watched these little baby birds grow and
grow and grow.
And, I started to film them.
And they let me get really close.
I even filmed them in slow motion,
you’ll find out why later.
As I watched them grow,
a million questions popped in my head.
Why is the egg blue,
how long do the eggs take to hatch,
what type of bird is this, w
hat do baby birds eat?
Can they eat bees?
Why is bird poop white?
Are they safe in the nest,
when do they start to fly?
Do they know they are birds?
Why do they look creepy?
When do they grow feathers?
Are they always sleeping?
Do they know who their parents are?
When do they open their eyes?
But my biggest question?
How is this tiny little nest not full of poop?
To answer all my questions, I tracked down
this guy.
My name is Michael Murphy, I'm a professor
of biology at Portland State University in
Portland Oregon.
He's an ornithologist which means he studies
birds.
My personal interest is in the behavior of
birds,
and the population biology of birds.
And when he says birds he means a lot of birds.
tree swallows
barn swallows
cliff swallows
eastern phoebes
spotted towhees
I've worked on a species known as the eastern
kingbird
since 1979.
As you can see I have a tattoo of it right
there.
He studies all of their behaviors, like where
they sleep, what they eat, and how they travel.
And he also knows a lot about bird poop,
which brings us back to the eggs I found on
my porch.
So what type of birds are in these eggs?
Well, that was an American Robin.
When it grows up, it’s got this fire-y orange
belly.
It's impressive. This animal breeds across
this enormous swath of North America.
It travels as far north as Alaska to breed
in the springtime, and as far south as Mexico
during the cold winter months.
That’s over 5,000 miles.
It seems, as long as you've got a structure
it can put a nest on, and as long as it can
get some good mud to build a nest,
you're going to find it.
So it's just extremely adaptable.
So, let’s walk through the life of my porch
Robins.
First, they’re just 4 little eggs. Why are
they blue?
Well, that's a big question.
What we do know is that bird eggs come in
all sizes and colors.
White eggs, like this giant ostrich egg,
have been around for millions of years.
Over time the eggs, just like the birds themselves,
have adapted to survive.
Some are speckled because they
want to blend into their environment.
Do you see the three eggs in this photo?
Look closer.
And for Blue eggs?
The blue color is caused by a pigment in the
mother.
It’s the same pigment that makes bruises
turn blue.
And some butterflies, like this one, have
bright blue on their wings.
Pigments also strengthen egg shells.
So it's actually an active area of research.
Still trying to figure out why bird’s eggs
are blue.
So, the mother lays the bright blue eggs.
The parents incubate those eggs, it takes
about 14 days for them to complete their development.
Then, they hatch.
And then they're going to spend roughly twelve
days more in the nest. And over that 12 day
period, they — as you saw in your films — change enormously. They go from a non-flying individual
that is completely helpless,
they're completely blind, they have no
feathers except for a little down.
They really look like aliens.
Within 14 days, they are out of the nest.
Instead of little bald aliens, they look like
grumpy old men.
And within just a few more days, they're actually
able to fly. Not like an adult, but they can
fly.
So, what exactly happens in those two weeks
in the nest?
I don't know if you've ever tried to raise
a baby bird, but it's just so time consuming
because they just eat and process food all
day.
Watch this - Dot, Goose, Rocco, and Pepper
Jack are deep in sleep.
But, when they hear their parents come, they shoot right up, super fast.
They worms, bees, caterpillars, and flies.
And they have to eat so much, because they have to grow so quickly.
The selection to grow fast to get out of the nest,
is probably mostly related to the fact that lots of things eat baby birds.
And, therefore, it's a dangerous point in their life.
Getting through that quickly is important.
Now, if I know one thing about babies, it’s this:
They eat, they sleep, and they poop.
And it can get very messy.
But somehow, this nest is spotless.
So, where on earth does all the poop go?
I recorded hours upon hours
of footage to figure out
exactly where this poop was going,
because it seemed to just disappear into thin air.
And then, I spotted it.
Turns out, the hatchlings definitely pooped a whole lot…
But they were pooping directly into their parent’s mouth.
And the parents
were eating it.
Uh, your observation that the nest is extremely clean is very accurate.
And it's because they have those structures referred to as fecal sacs.
They’re basically like baby bird diapers,
so instead of bird poop making a huge mess,
the fecal sacs keep it nice and contained.
I mean it really looks like a disposable diaper.
Uh, but the adults, as you filmed,
they'll wait at the rim of the nest for that baby
to pick up that fecal sac
the moment it emerges from the body.
Now, once the parent has the fecal sac,
they do one of two things.
If you've got young that are sedentary
and they are going to be
in one spot for days, maybe weeks,
you don't want that getting too dirty.
So, sometimes the parents fly away with it
to drop it off somewhere else far away from the nest.
But  in many cases,
the parents ate the fecal sac.
As I was watching your film,
I started to get a little sick to my stomach after a while.
Oh yeah.
I know birds do this,
but after a while, you watch them do it
that many times you go "Oh man isn't that like ew"
You know?
Why don’t you just throw them all away?
One of the hypothesis
as to why they eat them is that
there's useful material
in the fecal sacs.
And so it might behoove the parents,
since they're already working very hard to keep those babies fed,
Uh, to just eat them.
And capture the energy and water
that is still remaining in the fecal sacs.
Tasty.
Not all birds do this.
So, this is an osprey nest.
What they do instead
is the babies, well when they're really young,
they probably do poop in the nest a little bit.
But, as they get older
The youngsters position themselves
when they have to go
over the edge of the nest
they point their butts out over the edge
and then they'll just poop
right off the edge of the nest.
The world is their toilet.
After 12-14 days growing in the nest,
hatchlings start to get really crowded.
Here’s a moment where Goose, literally fell out the nest cause he barely fit.
Don’t worry Goose made it back in.
Getting to that point is rough
because probably 60 percent of nests fail.
But this nest? It made it.
The very last piece of footage I captured was this:
Rocco just flew right off the porch.
Of those that do get out of the nest,
they're going to have to make it through to their first year,
and maybe only about 30 percent of them actually survive.
Now they've got to begin the important process of reproduction
Basically in just one year, the hatchlings become the parents,
and the process starts all over again.
What can birds teach us?
Hard work.
Birds are hard working individuals, that's for sure.
They can teach us about ourselves,
but they can also teach us about the world we live in.
What they are showing us
is how connected the world is.
Birds migrate huge distances
and then there are some species which
literally call the world, the world, their home.
Increasingly, as time goes on,
we studied them to preserve them and conserve them.
So, I think they really are showing us
that we have to take a large
picture view of the world.
