bjbj Hello everyone! Welcome to this video!
This video series is pretty much just me explaining
this timeline that I made. This is it in full.
And yes, I made this timeline myself. Now,
I want to make clear that this is a not a
science-official timeline, here, I just made
it based on scientific facts that I found
and researched. I personally gathered this
info, and it is all in my judgment with MY
BEST GUESS according to the data that I have,
that this is the best I can come up with.
I cross checked and then double checked the
info, and its a lot harder than you would
think. And you guys, Im not a scientist. I
m just an extremely curious person. But please
know, it s not like I m changing proven data
here, anything that I m guessing at or estimating
or if it s even unofficial at all, I explain
that it is. And please remember, I can not
fit everything in. If I keep going, this timeline
will literally never be complete. So I have
to stop it at some point and share it with
you guys. Now as you will find out, the timeline
has been compressed in the early years and
extends as we get closer to the present. So
over here, this simple uncompressed timeline
shows you the real length of time. As you
can see, 3 billion years go by before any
organisms we recognize today even start showing
up. Second, lets take a look at the categories.
We have the period name from the geological
timescale. This is how scientists categorize
the planet s geological conditions, like the
rocks, atmosphere, water, and major events.
Then we have the actual year number. It s
mainly in the BCs which is why it s labeled
BC. Then we have the global temperature. This
is not accounting a day by day temperature
of weather in a certain location or anything
like that. This is an average yearly temperature
from around the globe. Climate is not the
same as weather. Then we have the geological
changes that occur on our planet in this gray
column, and it ranges from mountain forming,
extinctions, continental and tectonic plate
shifting among other things. Then we have
the emergence of life and how each organism
branched out, when they branched, and where
they branched from. I did not include every
species, I just highlighted the main ones,
and I especially followed the mammals, and
where humans came from. Now before we get
into it, let s take to the KEY. I know, it
s super boring but this is important. First,
the color codes for the geological timescale.
It s set up with eons, then inside the eons
are eras, then periods within the eras, then
epochs within the periods, and ages within
the epochs. Clearly the temperature is pretty
easy to decipher, but we will look at it really
quick to cover our bases. Pink is the goldilocks
area for life, purple is a little more cooler,
but can still harbor early life quite easily.
It s the blue and white areas, and the orange
and red areas that are problematic for life.
In the geo graph, events are in black, geological
changes are in white, ice ages are blue, continents
and landmass in light purple, life green,
And orange, for mega volcanic eruptions. Eruptions
happen a lot but these are the big boys, the
ones that spew enough lava to cover massive
amounts of land and disrupt atmosphere and
global temperatures. So we will go back to
this key later when we hit the human stage.
Ok so lets get on with it. It all starts in
the Hadeon Eon. At this time, it s believed
that our solar system had just recently formed
within the last few million years. Now technically
it could have been around for like billions
for all we know and maybe something happened
and caused everything to go haywire, or maybe
the Earth was a moon of some other distant
planet, I mean, it s all pretty possible at
this point since we have no idea how long
the solar system has been around actually,
or the milky way, or anything really. We re
going to start with what we do know. Now there
s no definite answer to how Earth formed.
Scientists speculate that the way Earth formed
was a bunch of space junk like rocks and gas
were now caught up in the Sun s orbit and
as they orbited this star, the space junk
collected, and together with gravity and mass,
like a giant snowball collecting snow, the
junk in Earth s future orbit grew bigger and
bigger as the rocks crashed into each other
with a lot of force, and gravity kept them
together and fused them together and they
slowly became one big rock. And once it s
all collected up, it s the relative size of
the planet we know now. And now that it s
so big, its own gravity is pulling in on itself
so much that the heavier rocks and minerals
pull in more and collect in the center the
heavier that they are. And this iron core
melts all the rocks in there whose friction
got so hot that it melted. Alright so all
this time the world is spinning really fast
around and around, and it s also orbiting
around the Sun extremely fast as well. And
as it s spinning on its axis all fast, way
faster than it is today, it s spinning the
iron core and the lava tumbling and swirling
inside of it actually becomes liquid metal
inside the earth. And especially the iron
creates a magnetic field by rotating in different
currents inside the core, and the north and
the south poles are established by this magnetic
field eventually. At the same time, the outer
shell is cooling off as it flies through space
in unbelievable freezing temperatures. And
now it s basically entirely molten except
for the smallest crust on the outside that
touches space. All in all, it s done a pretty
good job of sorting itself out and thus remains
this ball of rock we call Earth. An atmosphere
doesn t really exist at this point, except
for helium, hydrogen, ammonia and hydrogen
and any other gas that are being emitted from
earth through vents and cracks, that dissolve
into space. Now at this point, its pretty
much agreed upon that sometime around 200
million years after Earth was a thing, a Mars-sized
planet called Theia, smashed into Earth and
they were both a mess and all the smashed
up particles of both Earth and Theia went
exploding everywhere and it was horrible and
they were both on fire and the chunks of planet
rotated around this weird Earth that has a
big chunk taken out of it now. And the chunks
collected themselves as it orbited around
Earth and that basically became the moon.
And it s kind of cool because the moon actually
has parts of Earth in it, and Earth has parts
of this planet called Theia in it. And the
remnants of Theia, which we now call the moon,
is VERY close to Earth, considering it literally
just crashed into us, and its been slowly
departing from our planet every year since
in an outward spiral. Also, another cool thing
is that Earth s core is not only churning
all that liquefied metal around but it s also
burning its energy through heat, so Earth
s core actually burns up 16 tons of material
each year. Now, Earth s atmosphere is primarily
carbon dioxide (co2) carbon monoxide (co)
and nitrogen at this time, including all the
escaping gas as well. The helium and lighter
gas continued to exit to space because they
don t have enough gravity because they re
even lighter but the heavier molecules actually
do have enough gravity to be stuck in that
atmosphere around Earth. Water vapor created
the hydrosphere around Earth, containing earths
water to be recycled. The term hydrosphere
refers to any water on Earth, including the
atmosphere and the water on the surface like
oceans and lakes. At this point, gasses being
emitted by a volatile source like a volcano
or a vent, might still escape the atmosphere
given enough speed of the exit. And also another
thing that s starting to happen is that carbon
reacts with water so now that there s newly
formed hydrosphere, the carbon is actually
dissolving into a carbonic acid. This breaking
down of minerals therefore changes the water
s composition by picking up these broken down
minerals, which in turn gets carried to a
new location, to react further with newly
introduced elements at the end of the river,
by either being deposited into sediments,
combining with other minerals, or being exposed
to new processes like sunlight, temperature,
or any other disturbance. This is a cycle
of elemental properties, constantly changing
and reacting to each other. Imagine how metal
rusts just by being exposed to water and air.
Now around 4.3 billion years ago, liquid water
appeared on the surface. Now, no one s really
sure where this water came from. I personally
believe it was already in the rocks themselves
in the form of ice when Earth first formed.
As it would contribute to the liquefying of
metals inside, I believe it s still in there
as well, and as it escaped to the surface,
it created the hydrosphere. I personally believe
much more water arrived here on asteroids
as well, during the heavy bombardment, but
I think most of it was already here in Earth
and slowly escaping. Water was being pushed
out over millions of years as the earth actually
spun. It s spinning the water toward the outside,
as it s much lighter than iron or any other
heavy metals. Ok so Earth s axis is now tilted
slightly and the spin remains the same, meaning
it s now spinning a little bit tilted. And
this is because Theia actually crashed into
it, because if you remember, Earth established
its north and south poles and then Theia smashed
into it, and it actually tilted the entire
planet. Now by being tilted, the spin causes
one half of the earth to receive more sunlight
for half of the time. This causes the seasonal
change twice a year, depending on where you
are on the planet. And then it causes the
2 transitional seasons between them, which
is spring and fall. This tilt alone causes
life to be so much more diverse than any planet
that isn t tilted. This makes us even more
unique and rare as we have adapted to an ever-changing
habitat and environment. So at some point
RNA somehow appears on Earth. It was probably
brought here by water,but that s my unscientific
conclusion, and if not, then that means it
was already here. But either way, RNA tells
DNA to be DNA and to bond together and to
multiply and become organisms. This is the
mystery of life. No one really knows whats
happening here. DNA somehow appeared and made
a little body to live in, which is the first
unicellular organisms. s a membrane, which
is a layer of tissue, and it s filled with
water and a little dark spot, called a nucleoid,
that has some DNA in it. The problem is that
no one knows how this appeared. Energy transfers
are happening all over the planet, and life
itself is energy, and the earth has all the
ingredients. Now these little molecules, these
single-celled organisms, began splitting their
nucleus into 2 halves and reproducing by actually
cloning themselves and then regenerating.
And we go into the next Eon, which is the
Archean eon. Now by 4 billion years ago, a
heavy bombardment of meteoroids hits earth
for some time, most likely because we have
a run-in with the debris of some other planets
in our solar system crashing into each other,
a cloud of meteors, who knows, but earth gets
punched in the face for like a hundred million
years by meteoroids. And these meteoroids
sound mean and horrible but in fact they brought
a lot of varying materials and heavy metals
to Earth s surface, which all metals previously
got sucked into Earth s molten beginnings,
so these new materials could rest on the surface
now. These metals will be crucial to the development
of us - humans - later on. Ok so then the
bombardment stops and everything calms down
a bit but the moon is actually having a lot
of volcanic activity going on right now and
that s pretty cool to be honest. There was
a whole lot of tectonic plate movement, and
violent weather going on. Not the kind of
weather with clouds and rain, but just like,
a smoke filled atmosphere, volatile temperatures,
radiation that would fry you up in a split
second, and other terrible stuff. And this
is when the first bacteria emerges. A single
celled prokaryote. And new forms of bacteria
emerge, and these little guys do all the work
that is needed for life. Bacteria makes the
world function as it is today and they still
remain vital to this day. Now, around 3.6
billion years ago, the first mountains begin
to form, the Barberton greenstone belt in
South Africa, and this is actually being built
by millions of years of activity of layers
of lava just cooling and structuring itself
and it builds up over time. So around 3 billion
years ago, in the Mesoarchean Era, some of
these prokaryotic bacteria became cyanobacteria.
Now cyanobacteria are single cells just like
bacteria, but these little guys have nucleoids
that absorb ultra violet radiation and expel
new elements as a waste product of the sunlight.
So some of these cyanobacteria evolved to
also eat carbon dioxide. And this is when
oxygen is introduced to Earth. It takes a
while for the oxygen to actually reach the
atmosphere, though, since the bacteria began
deep in the ocean, near thermal vents most
likely, it takes a while for the oxygen to
leave the ocean and actually be in the atmosphere.
So I m thinking that maybe these bacteria
started floating to the top eventually, and
as they got closer to the sun, they evolved
quickly to use it. Ok so at the end of this
era, stromatolites appear near water. These
are the results of some of these new cyanobacteria
secreting lime or calcium carbonate, instead
of oxygen, and these layers built up underneath,
creating a rock structure called a stromatolite.
And at 2.5 billion years, we finally reach
the new Eon. The Proterozoic Eon. First we
see that the super volcano widgiemooltha that
erupts in Australia. It covers like more than
a quarter of the continent. Now, as you look
down, you can see we re fairly certain the
continents were in the Columbia formation
around the 2 billion mark. But that s as far
back as we can go so again, we re not sure
where Australia actually was. But we do know
that it as above water, and somewhere. So
as we go into the paleoproterozoic era, we
have a global freeze. They call this snowball
Earth where the entire globe freezes over.
Microscopic organisms endure this deep in
the ocean and survive though. Now a mega eruption
in Canada, and then another in South Africa,
when they re pretty sure the Earth s continents
were assembled as Columbia. Around 2 billion
years ago, some cyanobacteria evolved into
eukaryotes. Eukaryotes are a better version
of them, and most are photosynthetic at this
point. These organisms began interacting with
each other, as teamwork called symbiosis.
We think that cells began engulfing one another,
in a way of trying to eat each other. But
instead of actually eating each other, they
took residence inside the host that tried
to eat them. And this weird form of beneficial
parasite to a host is called endosymbiosis.
Where the 2 benefit from each other as a microscopic
host and a parasite working together. Now
this inner cell, the parasite, is now technically
an organ, as it functions in a beneficial
way to the host, unlike a parasite would only
benefit itself, and usually to the detriment
of the host. This unlikely teamwork worked
well and formed the first organelle, a multi-celled
organism, because now there s 2 cells in one
body, making it multi-celled. As they evolve,
the inner cell evolves to be a nucleus, with
a membrane, and a function all of it s own.
It can now store information inside this inner
cell. This is the beginning of mitochondria.
When a bacteria engulfs a photosynthesizing
cell, that new cell becomes a chloroplast.
And most eukaryotes have a chloroplast, a
mitochondria, and a nucleus. These cells started
forming colonies as an act of teamwork, and
as they benefitted from these new colonies,
new organisms were created, which were larger
photosynthesizing organisms that eventually
lead to free forming algae in the ocean around
1 billion years ago, mainly in the form of
diatoms. Most of them were single celled,
with green algae being the largest single
celled cyanobacteria. So a eukaryote has a
chloroplast, to take in ultra violet rays
from the sun, like a stomach, and a mitochondria
to expel it as oxygen, like a lung, this feeds
the nucleus, or brain, and the cell itself.
The word organelle means tiny lung, so that
s basically what they are. Very small organs.
Algae begins floating on the surface of the
water, in an effort to gain the most sunlight
and by doing this, it starts expelling the
oxygen directly into the atmosphere instead
of into the water like before. And with all
this increase in oxygen in the atmosphere,
there s an increase in populations of organisms,
which create more oxygen. Scientists call
this the GREAT OXYGENATION EVENT. Earth s
oxygen level rises and falls for the next
half a billion years, as a result of this
process. So these oxygen-rich oceans react
with the iron in the water and they form hematite
structures. The oxygen binds with the iron
and sink to the floor. These structures show
a rapid deposit and are called the Banded
Iron Formations. Also the moon is like really
close to Earth right now which causes humongous
tidal waves, and since the ice age is ending
and the sea level is rising, the waves grow
over time and it moves the tectonic plates
around. And then we see a mega eruption in
Siberia at this time, probably due to the
movement. As we hit the Mesoproterozoic era,
there s another mega eruption in West Africa.
The temperature is pretty mild now, and remains
so for the next 500 million years. Meanwhile,
the continents are slowly moving, a few feet
every million years. Ever so slowly until
they are in a new formation called Rodinia.
Every centimeter of exposed land on earth
is barren and brown, there s no life whatsoever,
there s no grass, no trees, there s nothing,
it s barren and brown, and it s either on
fire, filled with disgusting water and acids,
or dry and literally not breathable. Around
this time is when green algae begins creeping
onto the nearby shores in an effort to get
even more light. It then begins to cover the
surrounding land, and closer to the sun, near
a water source. This new land algae is called
moss. With so much oxygen replacing carbon
in the atmosphere, oxygen molecule begin bonding
together and created a new type of molecule,
the ozone. These ozones bonded and created
a layer around the earth. The new layer of
strengthened oxygen begins repelling radiation
from the sun, kind of like a protective shield.
Around 900 million, a super volcano erupts
in China. And then the Earth underwent a snowball
period where everything froze, this is thought
to be the second snowball Earth. We have some
more volcanoes, and then another ice age quickly
following. It grew in two stages, which are
called the Sturtian stage and the Marinoan
stage. This is where we have fossils of ediacaran
biota. These guys are presumed to be the link
between photosynthesizing organisms to an
organism that needs oxygen. So around 700
million years ago, I presume near the equator
probably, and possibly around a heat producing
volcano or a thermal vent, Jellies appeared.
These jellies were a blob of tissue, with
the very first known nervous system, a highway
of information through a main jelly host,
a primitive jellyfish and an ancestor to modern
jellyfish, who relied on water to access the
oxygen they needed. Ok and that s where I
m going to end this very first video. The
next will pick up right there, thank you for
watching, and be sure to click the next video!
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