Hello everyone. Addie here from Easy Music
And today's lesson will be about the basic music theory
Because for last couple of months I was getting requests to teach some songs on violin and guitar
So the thing is that if you know the music theory, and if you understand it
Then you can actually figure out how to play any song on any string or key instrument that you like by your own self
Even on flute
You will get the idea
And I can play and teach any song on your request
The reason is that I understand how music theory works
And obviously there is a lot of practice also
So the thing is that If you are able to understand music theory
Then you can actually be able to figure out and play any of your favorite song
And remember that music theory is not only limited to any particular instrument but it applies to all i.e. Violin, keyboard, harp, sitar, guitar, rubab, flute, etc
So if you want to understand how melody works then you have to understand the music theory, at least the basic one
So lets start
Now if you look at this piano diagram
You will see the continuous repetitive pattern
Like after C note, there are two black keys, then three black keys, then two and three and so on
So there is a continuous repetitive pattern you can see
And in piano this is the middle C note, if you look the whole diagram from left to right
And this is the middle C
Now if we start looking forward from middle C note
After C comes C#
Then D and D#
And then E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B
Then again comes C note
Fine
Now moving forward
It is the same pattern i.e. C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B
And then again C note
Right
Same is the case with every key
If you start from the key D, then after twelve steps D note will come again
Right
Like if we count from C note
1 is C, then 2 is C#, 3 is D, 4 is D#, 5.... 12
And then again after twelve steps comes C, which will be counted as one
Right
So after twelve half steps the same note will come again
So by this we learned that there are twelve notes in music which are repeated
And the one set of twelve semitones is called an Octave
And then comes second octave, third octave, fourth and so on
Now lets write down the notes from A
After A comes A#
Right
Then B
Then will next be B#?
No
B and E note have no sharp
Right
So after A comes, A#, then B and then C
Right
Then comes C#
D
D#
E
And after E comes E#?
As I've told you before that B and E note have no sharp
So after this comes F
Then F#
Then G
And then
G#
Right
Sorry for my bad handwriting :p actually I'm not a good writer
So these are the twelve notes
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... 11 & 12
These are the twelve notes
And from these twelve notes you can actually make a set of seven notes with the formula, which are called scales
Like major and minor scales, which are the basic one
Now for major scale there is a formula, I'm gonna write it down
Major scale
Root note: From where any scale will be started
Right
After root note comes whole step
Whole step
Half step
Whole step
Whole step
Whole step
Half step
This is the formula of major scale
Now lets see how we gonna apply it and then how it works
Root note is the note from where the scale will start
For example if you want to play B major scale, so then B will be the root note
Right
You will start from B
And if you want to play D major scale then you will start from D note, which is the root note
Same is the case with every scale
To play A major the root will be A note, for B major the root will be B note and so on
After this lets see what is whole step
two half steps is equal to one whole step
Like if I want to play C major scale then from C note the whole step will be two jumps in ascending order that is D note
Right
There will be two jumps
Right
So for C major scale we will start from the root note C
And then two half steps that is D note
After D again whole note is written so again two jumps, that will be E note
Then comes half note means one step so then comes F note
Half step is equal to one jump
Then again whole step, and that will be G note
The whole step, so one jump is G# and the second jump will again go to A note
Right
Ii just moves on in ascending order and repeats itself i.e. A, A#, B ... G, G#, A, A#, B ...
As you have seen in the piano
So from G note the whole step will be A note
Right
After A again comes whole step so it will be B
Right
And then comes half step which will be C note
If you know about C major scale, which is the most common scale
We will write it down according to the major scale formula
So
So we will start from the root note C
Right
After this
I will mark the steps as we move forward
So after C come whole step
So two jumps will be D note
Right
So we got the first two notes of C major scale
And after D comes whole step which is E note
Then comes half step, so from E comes F note
After this
After F note is whole step so it will be G note
Understood?
After this
Now again comes whole step after G, so it will be A note
Right
A is also done
After this comes whole step,  so after A will be B note
B is also done
And then half step, so after B the half step will be C note
So these are the notes of C major scale
If you want to play C major scale then you have to play in these notes
OK now let us see D# major scale which is on the seventh number (my lucky number) :p
So lets do that
D# major scale
So
To write down D# major scale the root will be?
D#, right
And from D# note comes whole step, so it will be?
E?
Nooo...
After D# the whole step will be F note
After F again whole step means G note
This is also done
Moving forward
Half step after G will be G#
This is also done
Then comes whole step so where it will be?
A?
No
It will be A# because half step from G# is A and the whole step will be A#
Fine
And then
Again comes whole step after A# so it will be C note
Understood?
Again the whole step from C, so it will be D note
Then half step from D will be D# note
Fine
So this is how major scale works
If you know the formula of any scale then you can actually find and play any scale from the root note
Right
So up till now we applied the formula of C and D# root
And you can find any major scale by applying this formula starting from a particular note you want
Just apply the formula and then you can find the notes in that particular major scale and then you can play it
And if you found the notes of the scale and match it with the notes on the frets on your instrument then you can play the major scale on any instrument
There is another very easy way to find the melody or scale on any instrument which I will tell you in my next upcoming video
But for now if you want to find and practice major scale, then this is the best way
Right
You can do it by it
Well this was major scale
Now come to minor scale
OK
First I will write down the twelve notes aka Chromatic scale
A, A#, B, C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#
So
So these are the notes in one octave
And I will write down the Minor scale formula
Minor scale formula
Well, now what is minor scale formula
Root, the starting of the scale
Every scale formula has a root note
After this
Whole step
Half step
Whole step
Whole step
Half step
Whole step
Whole step
Fine
R, W, H, W, W, H, W, W
Right
Do, Re, Mi, Fa, So, La, Ti, Do
So it is like that
Means there are seven notes in the basic major and minor scale
Now lets make C minor scale, starting from C root note
Because C is the most common root
So lets start from C root note
Root note, which is C note
Right
And then comes whole step
So it will be?
One jump is C# second jump is D
Right
Now root and first whole step is done
Right
And then next is the Half step
Right
So the half step will be D# note
D#, right
Then comes whole step, so from D# the whole step will be F note
This is also done
Now the next whole step will lead to G note
Done
After this again comes half step means from G we will jump to G#
Done, after this
Again comes whole step which means from G# we have to move two half step means A#
And then whole step means C note
So
These are the notes of C minor scale, I you want to find C minor scale then apply this formula and you are good to play
After this lets us find E minor scale as it is the most easiest and common scale for guitarists
So lets do E minor scale
OK for E minor scale, starting from root note E
After root comes whole step, so it will be F#
Done
Then there is half step after F so is it G or G#?
G note
G is the half step and then comes whole step
So from G the whole step will be A note
Will be the whole
So A note
Now again there is whole note
Right
So it will be B note
Then half note, so it will be C note
And then whole note, so it will be D note
Then again whole so it will be E note
Fine
So this is E minor scale
So for now I will tell you a very good practice to do
Write down all the major and minor scales from A to G# note. Practice them and try to memorize as much as you can. And apply it to your instruments and understand how this stuff works
This is the most basic theory, at least you must know this
So you must practice this stuff
And in the next video, I will tell you about how to figure out your favorite songs on any instrument
And for that at least you must know this theory
Only then you will be able to find the notes of the melody on your instrument, actually on any tonal instrument
That is why I'm again telling you to practice and understand this basic theory
And you know what
Let me show you one thing
This is my file in which I practiced all the stuff that I know today, as you can see
This is my whole bunch that I practiced
So that is why I'm able to play all kind of melodies and instruments
So the thing is if you want to be expert in any instrument playing, whether its violin, guitar, piano or whatever
Then at least you must know the theory, so that if someone says you to play any song then you would be at least able to find out how to play that particular song
With this comes practice also, but at least you will be able to find out and play the melody of the song
So do practice it
I hope you understood the music theory
And the thing is that on my next tutorial, I will tell you how to find the melody of any song that you want to play
Before that tutorial, you have to install a tuner in your mobile i.e. for android, download Da Tuner and for Iphone, download Pano Tuner
So download the tuner as we will be using it in the next tutorial
So until then, keep practicing
Have a nice day
Good bye everyone
