[Host]:
Israel’s parliament passed a bill
that officially declared the country a Jewish state.
The July 2018 legislation defines
things like Israel’s national holidays,
symbols, and the state’s
connection to Jewish heritage. 
Supporters of the bill say at worst,
it’s a symbolic nod toward Jewish unity
that won’t actually impact
the lives of citizens day-to-day,
and, at best, a
'defining moment' for Zionism.
Critics, including many international Jewish groups,
say Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and his right-wing
majority coalition are bolstering
'tribalism' or, even more severely, 'apartheid.'
Even celebrities are speaking up about it.
[Portman]:
It’s racist, and there's
nothing else to say about that.
[Host]:
But what does this mean for the near
quarter of Israel’s population that isn’t Jewish?
Well, the controversial ‘Nation-State’ bill
declared Jewish settlement a 'national value'
and made the right to national self-determination
in Israel 'unique to the Jewish people.'
Key contentious clauses were removed
late in the game, including one that would
‘authorize a community composed of people having the
same faith and nationality to maintain the exclusive character of that community.’
Basically, legal segregation based on religion or ethnicity.
We sat down with Aida Touma-Sliman, an Arab
Israeli member of the Knesset, Israel’s Parliament, for her take.
[Touma-Sliman]:
We had to understand from the beginning that this law
is ignoring 20% of the citizens of Israel,
which are us, the Palestinian citizens of Israel.
We are not mentioned in any way in the law.
[Host]:
She’s been outspoken in her opposition to
the Nation-State law, which passed 62 to 55 votes.
The feminist activist is one of fewer than 20 Arab members
and 35 women of the 120 lawmakers in the Israeli Knesset.
Despite the ones that were removed, plenty
of controversial sections also stayed put.
For example, the bill revokes the 70-year status
Arabic had as an 'official' state language,
downgrading it to a 'special status' and
making Hebrew the state’s only official language.
Even though the law didn’t specify any immediate action around this,
Touma-Sliman says there are greater symbolic and cultural implications.
[Touma-Sliman]:
Arabic language is part of the public
scene in Israel, it’s part of the homeland.
And it is the spoken language of the indigenous
people who used to exist forever in the homeland there.
So denying that is part of denying
the narrative and the story and the history.
The law also states that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.
That’s really nothing new from Israeli officials,
who have claimed the city as its ‘undivided’ capital since 1967,
after occupying the Eastern part of the
city during the Six-Day War.
But the land is disputed. Palestine also claims Jerusalem as its capital,
with Palestinians living in the Eastern part of the city
comprising roughly 38% of its population.
Basically, this clause reinforces a foreign policy trend in 2018
that’s seen increasing international support of Jerusalem as Israel’s capital,
like President Trump moving the U.S. embassy there, and several
other countries reportedly considering following suit.
Still, most of the world has not recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital,
and critics say the clause is a slap in the face
to the huge population of
Palestinians living and worshipping there.
Another disputed section of the law?
The one that defines Jewish settlement as a 'national value.'
The process of settlement, commonly understood as Israeli communities
set up in Palestinian territories, has been repeatedly defined
as illegal under international law,
although Israel disputes this.
They've been rapidly expanding for years,
and threaten the possibility of a two state solution.
According to Peace Now,
an Israeli NGO that tracks settlement activity,
there are upwards of 413,000 Israeli
settlers living in the occupied West Bank.
Construction of new settlements reportedly
more than doubled over the second quarter of 2018.
A lawyer who has represented the government
regarding the illegal outposts has reportedly already said
that he plans to use the new law as justification
to legalize unauthorized Israeli outposts in Palestinian territory,
which are currently illegal
even under Israeli law.
It’s important to mention that
this bill has been in the works for years,
in varying forms and levels of harshness. It’s now one of 14
Basic Laws which Israel has enacted over time in place of a constitution.
In 2011, Avi Dichter, now a member
of Netanyahu’s Likud party,
introduced a version of the legislation,
and it was bounced around the Knesset for almost 7 years.
After the law passed, even the Trump
administration reportedly expressed concerns
over what it meant for the
treatment of minority populations.
But it wasn’t just the international
community that responded negatively.
Some Knesset members protested by
physically tearing up copies of the bill.
In the months that followed, tens of
thousands of people have taken to the streets in protest,
including Jewish Israelis and many Israelis
who are ethnically Arab, like the minority Druze community.
[Moraja]:
We are here to send a clear message to the Israeli government:
we will not settle down for nothing less than equal rights as Israeli citizens.
[Touma-Sliman]:
I’ve been active for more than 35 years,
and I’ve never seen a situation where,
especially in the last few years, that Jews and Arabs come
together to protest and oppose something in a passionate way.
[Host]:
Touma-Sliman and other MKs have promised to fight
the law at a parliamentary level,
as well as continue appeal to international
bodies like the EU and UN for oversight.
[Touma-Sliman]:
We are asking the United Nations also
to recognize us as a minority in danger,
and to recognize that if they do not move quickly in order to establish
the two-state solution, we will end up with a one-state solution.
[Host]:
And all of this is happening at a
very precarious time for the Prime Minister,
who hasn’t backed down on
the law despite the protests.
Netanyahu is facing indictment on charges including bribery and fraud,
following three corruption investigations. 
He has made every attempt over the past year to hold
on to his right-wing governing coalition’s shaky majority,
but it’s unclear whether he’ll hold onto it,
or his agenda, in the upcoming elections.
Israel has consistently touted
itself, 'the only democracy in the Middle East.'
Now it looks like one of many with an increasingly authoritarian leader,
threatening the legal status of its minority citizens.
There’s been a lot of debate over the symbolism
versus real world consequences of this law.
So, what do you think? What kind of a concrete impact
could it have on the population of Israel that’s not Jewish?
Let me know below. And thanks,
as always, for tuning in to NowThis World.
