Egypt’s capital is one of the fastest-growing
cities in Africa.
But despite its population exploding from
just 2.5 million people in 1950, to over 20
million people today – development of the
city’s infrastructure has lagged behind
its insatiable growth.
As of September 2019, Cairo has just three
metro lines and is frequently cited as one
of the world’s most congested cities.
Overwhelmed by the deep-rooted challenges
affecting this vast urban area, the Egyptian
government are now investing USD $58BN in
constructing the country’s entire capital
again, from scratch.
From the great pyramids at Giza, formed in
2500 BC, to the Suez Canal constructed in
the 19th Century and the Aswan High Dam built
in the 1960s – Egypt is no stranger to megaprojects.
In the wake of a 2010 study by The World Bank
– which found that economic losses caused
by Cairo’s congestion amounted to more than
4% of Egypt’s GDP – and following a period
of political instability that affected the
progression of infrastructure projects, the
country’s government took the decision to
construct an entirely new capital in 2015.
Located 45 kilometres east of the original
Cairo, the as-yet-unnamed city has been under
construction ever since.
Set to extend over 700 square kilometres,
the new city – master planned American architecture
firm Skidmore Ownings and Merrill (SOM) – will
be home to around 6.5 million inhabitants
when it fully completes in 2050.
Simulating major cities that have evolved
over thousands of years, Egypt’s new capital
will in fact be made-up from 100 different
residential neighbourhoods - each with its
own public square, local shops, schools and
religious buildings.
In all, the city will boast over 1200 mosques
and churches, 553 hospitals and clinics, 40,000
hotel rooms and a vast theme park set to be
four times the size of Disneyland in California.
While a high-speed rail link with Cairo is
currently under construction and set to complete
in late 2020, a fleet of electric buses connect
the two settlements in the meantime.
The new city has been designed with the climate
in mind. Its landscaping incorporates native
plant species and follows the natural contours
of the land, while its buildings maximise
natural ventilation as far as possible.
A 90 square kilometre solar farm will provide
a portion of the electricity demand.
A large central park – twice the length
of New York’s – will form the city's “green spine”.
The project’s first phase – extending
over 168 square kilometres – is set to include
a business district with an 85-storey tower
that will become Africa's tallest building,
20 further skyscrapers, a government quarter
housing the country's 34 ministries and the
country's largest mosque and church.
Despite its scale and ambition, the project
to construct Egypt’s new capital has not
been running entirely to plan.
While the first phase is now largely under
construction, it remains unclear whether the
innovative design intentions outlined in the
masterplan will be fully realised.
Furthermore, the second and third phases of
the project have been delayed following Chinese
investor Fortune Land Development pulling
out of phase two, that is worth around USD $20BN.
Beyond funding issues, critics of the project
believe it is aimed solely at Egypt's wealthy
citizens. In total, the city will feature
roughly 100,000 affordable housing units spread
across eight districts.
Another concern is that much needed financial
resources are being diverted from addressing
Cairo's congestion challenges, despite the
original city continuing to expand.
Given these factors, it is likely that Egypt’s
new capital will prove controversial for years,
if not decades to come.
However, with works to the first phase progressing
at a rapid pace, it is hoped that the city
will become a true business and cultural centre
as its people begin to shape its course.
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