>> HELLO AND THANKS
FOR JOINING US
FOR TODAY'S PROGRAM,
"DESIGNER DRUGS,
THE NEW FRONTIER."
I'M MARY ELIZABETH
ELLIOTT FROM CADCA,
COMMUNITY ANTI-DRUG
COALITIONS OF AMERICA.
TODAY WE'RE TALKING ABOUT
DRUGS THAT ARE CREATED
TO GET AROUND EXISTING DRUG
LAWS AND ARE SOLD WITH NAMES
LIKE BATH SALTS,
SPICE, AND PLANT FOOD.
THE PACKAGES ARE
OFTEN MARKED
"NOT FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION"
TO SKIRT LAWS.
MANUFACTURERS MAKE
THEM BY MODIFYING
THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
OF AN EXISTING DRUG.
THESE AREN'T THE AROMATIC
SALTS THAT YOU PUT
IN YOUR BATH OR INCENSE THAT
YOU BURN IN YOUR HOUSE.
HERE'S WHY WE'RE SO
CONCERNED ABOUT THIS GROWING
TYPE OF DRUG -- THEIR
USE IS SKYROCKETING.
IN 2010, POISON CENTERS
ACROSS THE NATION RECEIVED
ALMOST 3,000 CALLS ABOUT
SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA.
THROUGH OCTOBER OF 2011,
THEY'D RECEIVED ALMOST
TWICE AS MANY CALLS.
AS FOR BATH SALTS,
POISON CENTERS RECEIVED
303 CALLS IN 2010.
AND THROUGH
OCTOBER OF 2011,
THEY'D RECEIVED MORE
THAN 5600 CALLS.
THAT'S QUITE AN INCREASE.
NUMBERS LIKE THAT ARE THE
REASON THAT I AM HERE TODAY
WITH A GREAT
PANEL OF EXPERTS.
DR. MARK RYAN
HAS EXPERIENCED
SOME OF THESE CALLS TO THE
POISON CENTER FIRSTHAND
AS THE DIRECTOR OF THE
LOUISIANA POISON CENTER.
GARY BOGGS IS A
SPECIAL AGENT
FOR THE OFFICE OF
DIVERSION CONTROL
FOR THE U.S. DRUG ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATION, THE DEA.
AND AARON BYZAK HAS SEEN THE
IMPACT OF THESE DRUGS
ON HIS COMMUNITY
AS PRESIDENT OF
THE NORTH COASTAL
PREVENTION COALITION
IN VISTA, CALIFORNIA.
WELCOME TO EVERYONE.
WE HEAR THE TERM SYNTHETIC
MARIJUANA, SYNTHETIC LSD,
SYNTHETIC COCAINE.
WHAT ARE WE REALLY
TALKING ABOUT HERE?
>> WELL, I THINK WE'RE
TALKING ABOUT ESSENTIALLY
TWO DIFFERENT CLASSES
OF CHEMICALS --
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS AND
SYNTHETIC CATHINONES.
MOST OF THOSE ARE JUST
SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS THAT
WERE DEVELOPED IN
THE LAB FOR RESEARCH.
THAT'S WHERE THEY WERE
DEVELOPED, AN INTENT FOR
THOSE TO BE USED AS
RESEARCH CHEMICALS.
THEY ARE NOT INTENDED, AT
THIS PARTICULAR JUNCTURE,
TO BE USED FOR ANY TYPE
OF MEDICAL PURPOSES.
THEY ARE NOT INTENDED FOR
RECREATIONAL PURPOSES.
THEY ARE SIMPLY JUST
BEING ABUSED RIGHT NOW.
A LOT OF IT IS THROUGH
MISINFORMATION.
>> SO LET'S DEFINE THOSE TWO
TERMS A LITTLE BIT MORE
IN DETAIL.
MARK, IF YOU CAN FOR US,
WHAT ARE CANNABINOIDS?
>> CANNABINOIDS -- AN "OID,"
SOMETHING THAT IS LIKE
SOMETHING ELSE --
ARE LIKE MARIJUANA.
THESE SUBSTANCES ARE SIMILAR
TO THC AND THE COMPOUNDS
THAT YOU FIND IN MARIJUANA.
THEY ACT ON THE SAME AREAS
OF YOUR BRAIN THAT MARIJUANA
DOES IN HOPES OF ELICITING
THE SAME RESPONSE THAT
MARIJUANA DOES, BUT THESE
ARE DIFFERENT CHEMICALS.
SO THEY HAVE THE
POTENTIAL TO CAUSE
VERY DIFFERENT SYMPTOMS.
>> FOR THE CATHINONES, HOW
DO WE REALLY DESCRIBE THAT,
CATHINONES?
>> YEAH, THE CATHINONES --
CATHINONE ITSELF COMES FROM
A PLANT CALLED THE KHAT
PLANT THAT GROWS MAINLY
IN WESTERN AFRICA.
KHAT HAS BEEN
AROUND FOR A WHILE.
CATHINONE HAS BEEN ABUSED
FOR MANY YEARS, A STIMULANT,
KIND OF LIKE COCAINE
IN SOUTH AMERICA.
THESE DERIVATIVES OF
CATHINONE, AGAIN, ARE
LAB-CREATED MODIFICATIONS
OF THAT CHEMICAL STRUCTURE.
THESE SUBSTANCES HAVE NEVER
BEEN TESTED ON HUMANS.
SO, AGAIN, WE REALLY DON'T
KNOW WHAT SOME OF THEM
CAN DO.
THAT'S WHAT WE'VE
SEEN IN SOME CASES,
VERY DIFFERENT EFFECTS.
>> GARY, WHEN DID WE FIRST
REALLY NOTICE THAT THESE
DESIGNER DRUGS
WERE OUT THERE?
WHEN DID YOU FIRST
HEAR OF THEM?
>> WELL, WE FIRST STARTED
REALIZING THAT WE HAD A NEW
PHENOMENA, A NEW
TREND AROUND 2009.
THERE WERE SEIZURES AT
THE BORDER OF SOME OF THE
CHEMICALS THAT WERE
COMING INTO THE COUNTRY.
AFTER ANALYSIS OF THEM, WE
REALIZED THIS WAS SOMETHING
NEW, A NEW TREND
THAT WAS DEVELOPING.
SINCE THAT TIME, IT'S
ABSOLUTELY SPREAD
PHENOMENALLY.
>> AARON, LET'S
BRING YOU IN.
IN YOUR COMMUNITY, WHEN DID
YOU FIRST SEE THIS,
AND HOW DID IT
LOOK TO YOU?
>> WELL, IT
ACTUALLY CAME FROM
A COUPLE OF
DIFFERENT SOURCES.
IT WAS ABOUT JULY OF 2010
WHEN THE VICE PRESIDENT OF
OUR COALITION, FRED BECKER,
WHO WORKS WITH PARENTS QUITE
REGULARLY, CAME TO ME AND IT
WAS ACTUALLY ON A FLIGHT OUT
TO DENVER, AND HE SAID,
YOU KNOW, SYNTHETICS,
I'M SEEING THIS TREND
KIND OF COMING UP.
AROUND THE SAME TIME, WE
STARTED GETTING ANECDOTAL
INFORMATION ABOUT STUDENTS
WHO WERE SMOKING THIS,
ALSO PEOPLE IN THE MILITARY
WHO WERE SMOKING IT TO KIND OF
SKIRT THE DRUG RULES THAT
THEY HAD IN THE MILITARY,
BECAUSE AT THAT TIME, THERE
WASN'T A REAL GOOD METHOD
FOR TESTING FOR IT.
SO THAT WAS WHEN WE REALLY
STARTED TO SEE IT
COMING INTO
THE COMMUNITY,
AND THEN IT JUST
BALLOONED FROM THERE.
>> DR. RYAN, WHY ARE PEOPLE
CALLING THE POISON CENTER
ABOUT THIS?
>> WELL, POISON CENTERS
GET CALLED LITERALLY
ABOUT EVERYTHING.
20% OF EVERY POISON CENTER'S
CALLS COME FROM HOSPITALS,
PHYSICIANS ASKING FOR
OUR HELP WITH POISONED
OR OVERDOSED PATIENTS.
WHEN THESE CALLS STARTED TO
COME IN, ONE OF THE THINGS
THAT REALLY GOT OUR
ATTENTION, THESE CALLS
WEREN'T COMING FROM HOME
SETTINGS WHERE A LARGE
NUMBER OF OUR CALLS COME,
THESE PEOPLE WERE HAVING
EFFECTS THAT WERE SO SEVERE
THAT THEY WERE ALREADY
EN ROUTE TO OR ALREADY IN THE
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS.
SO OVER 90% OF THE CALLS
THAT WE RECEIVED CAME FROM
THE HOSPITALS, WHICH IS A
STARK DIFFERENCE THAN OUR
TYPICAL CALL PATTERNS.
>> AND WERE THE PEOPLE IN
THE HOSPITAL PREPARED OR
KNEW WHAT THEY
WERE DEALING WITH?
>> NO, NOT AT ALL.
IN FACT, THAT HAPPENS WHEN
NEW SUBSTANCES EMERGE.
THE POISON CENTER IS A
REALLY VALUABLE RESOURCE,
THE TOXICOLOGIST, TO HELP
THEM FIGURE OUT, BASED ON
THE SYMPTOMS, WHAT
TOXIDROME, GROUP OF
SYMPTOMS, IF YOU WILL, THE
SUBSTANCE MAY FIT INTO UNTIL
WE CAN GET SAMPLES OF THESE
PRODUCTS, BLOOD SAMPLES,
URINE SAMPLES FROM THE
PATIENTS, DO DIFFERENT TYPES
OF TESTING THAN ROUTINE DRUG
SCREENS TO FIGURE OUT WHAT
IT IS.
>> GARY, AT FIRST, BOTH
THE CANNABINOIDS AND THE
CATHINONES WERE LEGAL TO BUY
AND WERE KIND OF OUT THERE.
WHY WAS THAT?
>> WELL, ANY RESEARCH CHEMICALS,
UNTIL A GOVERNMENT AGENCY,
WHETHER IT BE THE STATE,
LOCAL ORDINANCES
OR THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT,
IDENTIFIES A
PARTICULAR SUBSTANCE,
IT'S A RESEARCH
CHEMICAL.
SOME OF THESE ARE FAIRLY
NEW TO THE COMMUNITY,
MEDICAL COMMUNITY OR
SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY.
SOME OF THESE CHEMICALS
HAVE ONLY BEEN SYNTHESIZED
SINCE THE MID '90s.
UNTIL A SUBSTANCE IS
ULTIMATELY CONTROLLED
THROUGH LEGISLATION OR
THROUGH ADMINISTRATIVE
SCHEDULING, THEY'RE LEGAL
SUBSTANCES PRIOR TO ANY
SCHEDULING ACTION.
>> WE'RE GOING TO TALK A
LITTLE BIT ABOUT STRATEGIES
ON HOW TO CONTROL THEM
A LITTLE BIT LATER
IN THE PROGRAM.
SO WHAT KIND OF DATA DO
WE HAVE, YOU KNOW,
IF THIS IS FAIRLY
NEW, GUYS --
AND ANYONE CAN JOIN
ME ON THIS --
WHAT KIND OF DATA DO WE
HAVE ABOUT THIS PROBLEM?
MARK, I'LL LET
YOU START.
>> WELL, WE
DON'T HAVE A LOT.
THE POISON CENTER COMMUNITY,
WE REALLY FIRST HEARD ABOUT
THE SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS A
FEW YEARS AGO AS THEY CAME
ONTO THE SCENE.
WITH THE BATH SALTS, WE
HEARD THEM AT THE BEGINNING
OF LAST YEAR, 2010.
BUT REALLY, POISON CENTERS
DIDN'T SEE ANY CASES
REPORTED UNTIL JULY OF 2010.
AT THAT POINT, THEY WERE
STILL A TREMENDOUS UNKNOWN
TO US.
WE HAD TO REALLY FIGURE OUT
WHAT WAS OUT THERE AND THEN
PASS THAT INFORMATION
ALONG TO THE CAREGIVERS
AND THE PHYSICIANS TO
BE ABLE TO TREAT
THESE PEOPLE EFFECTIVELY.
>> I THINK YOU POINT OUT A
REALLY GOOD ISSUE,
AND THAT IS, HOW DO
YOU COLLECT THE DATA,
AND WHAT DATA
DO YOU HAVE?
PARTICULARLY WHEN YOU GO TO
TALK WITH THE MEDIA, TALK TO
THE ELECTED OFFICIALS, THEY
WANT TO KNOW WHAT'S THE CRUX
OF THE PROBLEM.
THEY WANT TO SEE THE DATA.
THAT WAY THEY CAN JUSTIFY
WHAT IT IS THAT THEY ARE
DOING OR WHAT THEY
ARE REPORTING ON.
AND THE POISON CONTROL
CENTER CALLS AND THE GROWTH
OF THAT HAS REALLY PROVIDED
THE IMPETUS FOR US TO KIND
OF MOVE FORWARD WITH A
NUMBER OF THESE THINGS.
BUT OTHER THAN THAT,
IT'S REALLY ANECDOTAL.
>> WHEN THESE CALLS FIRST
COME OUT, POISON CENTERS GET
A LOT OF THEM BECAUSE WE
DO HAVE THE TOXICOLOGY
KNOWLEDGE TO HELP OUT.
EVEN NOW WHAT WE'RE SEEING,
PHYSICIANS WHO'VE TREATED
SEVERAL OF THESE PATIENTS,
THEY MAY NOT CALL US FOR
EVERY ONE BECAUSE NOW THEY
KNOW WHAT TO LOOK FOR AND
WHAT TO DO.
SO THOSE NUMBERS THAT YOU
SAW ON THAT SLIDE A LITTLE
BIT EARLIER ARE
MUCH, MUCH LARGER.
THE REAL PROBLEM IS MANY,
MANY TIMES WHAT WE SEE ON
THOSE SLIDES.
>> AND HOW ABOUT ENCOUNTERS
WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT?
WHAT SORT OF NUMBERS
DO WE SEE THERE?
>> WELL, AGAIN, WE DON'T
HAVE A LOT OF DATA ON THIS.
PART OF THE PROBLEM IS, AS
THIS TREND JUST ACCELERATED
SO QUICKLY, WE DIDN'T
KNOW WHAT TO TEST FOR.
THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY DIDN'T
KNOW WHAT TO TEST FOR.
THEY WERE HAVING ADVERSE
REACTIONS COMING INTO THE
HOSPITAL, BUT THEY DIDN'T
KNOW WHAT TO TEST FOR.
THEY DIDN'T KNOW WHAT
THE PERSON HAD TAKEN.
AND THE PERSON DIDN'T
KNOW WHAT THEY HAD TAKEN.
THEY KNEW WHAT PRODUCT IT
WAS, BUT THEY DIDN'T KNOW
WHAT WAS IN THE PRODUCT.
SO THAT WAS COMPOUNDING
THE PROBLEM ALONG WITH THE
ACCELERATION OF
THIS PROLIFERATING
THROUGH THE INTERNET.
>> SINCE A LOT OF THESE
DESIGNER DRUGS ARE STILL
LEGAL IN SOME WAYS, ARE
PEOPLE MORE COMFORTABLE TO
SELF-REPORT THE
PROBLEM, MARK?
DO YOU THINK
MORE PEOPLE
ARE PICKING UP THE
PHONE AND SAYING --
>> WELL, WE HAVEN'T GOTTEN
JUST A LOT OF QUESTIONS,
AND WE DO THAT
WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES WHERE
THEY SAY, HEY, I USED
THIS A FEW DAYS AGO
AND I'M JUST CONCERNED,
AM I GOING TO BE OKAY?
WE'RE NOT GETTING
THOSE TYPE OF CALLS.
WE'RE SEEING THAT SOCIAL
MEDIA -- THIS IS THE FIRST
TIME IN MY 20 YEARS WHERE
WE'VE SEEN KIND OF AN
OUTBREAK LIKE THIS WHERE
SOCIAL MEDIA PLAYED
A HUGE ROLE.
WHILE NOW SOMEBODY CAN USE
SOMETHING, PRESS A BUTTON,
AND IT'S AROUND THE WORLD.
WE SEE THAT IN A NEGATIVE.
THEY CAN HELP
PROLIFERATE IT.
WE'VE ALSO SEEN SOCIAL
MEDIA HELP US A LITTLE BIT.
PEOPLE WHO HAVE USED IT,
FRIENDS, FAMILY THAT HAVE
USED IT, THEY'VE POSTED ON
THE WEB SITES ALSO, HEY,
THIS IS BAD STUFF.
STAY AWAY FROM IT.
>> WELL, THIS BAD STUFF,
THEY ARE MOVING TO
MAKE IT ILLEGAL.
WHAT'S THE LEGAL STATUS
RIGHT NOW FOR US, GARY?
>> WELL, ON A STATE LEVEL,
THERE'S ABOUT 43 STATES THAT
HAVE TAKEN SOME TYPE OF
ACTION FOR THE SYNTHETIC
CANNABINOIDS, AND AROUND 33
STATES HAVE TAKEN ACTION ON
THE CATHINONES.
FEDERALLY, THE DRUG
ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
IS THE FEDERAL SCHEDULING
AGENCY FOR THESE TYPES OF
PRODUCTS OR DRUGS.
AND WE HAVE TWO DIFFERENT
TYPES OF SCHEDULING AUTHORITY.
WE HAVE EMERGENCY SCHEDULING
AUTHORITY, AND THEN WE HAVE
PERMANENT SCHEDULING
AUTHORITY AS WELL AS
CONGRESS CAN LEGISLATIVELY
CONTROL THESE DRUGS.
WITH THE PROLIFERATION OF
THESE DRUGS AND THE DANGERS
OF THESE DRUGS, THE D.E.A.
ADMINISTRATOR HAS
USED HER EMERGENCY
SCHEDULING AUTHORITY.
IN MARCH OF THIS YEAR,
SHE SCHEDULED FIVE OF THE
CANNABINOIDS THAT WE WERE
SEEING, AND THEN AS RECENTLY
AS OCTOBER OF THIS YEAR, SHE
AGAIN USED HER SCHEDULING
AUTHORITY TO EMERGENCY
SCHEDULE THREE OF THE
PRIMARY CATHINONES WHILE WE
MOVE FORWARD ON A PERMANENT
SCHEDULING ACTION.
>> ONCE WE'VE DONE THAT,
THERE STILL NEEDS TO BE A
LOT OF ACTION
LOCALLY, RIGHT?
AARON, WHAT ARE YOU
SEEING IN YOUR COMMUNITY?
>> WELL, I'VE SEEN A LOT
OF PEOPLE REALLY WORKING
BECAUSE OF THESE
ANECDOTAL SITUATIONS.
WE HAD A YOUNG MAN IN SAN
DIEGO WHO ACTUALLY WENT INTO
CARDIAC ARREST
AFTER SMOKING SPICE.
THAT REALLY PROMPTED A
NUMBER OF PARENTS AND
COMMUNITY MEMBERS TO GET
TOGETHER AND THEY REALLY
PUSHED HEAVILY WITH THE
LOCAL MEDIA AND ALSO WITH
ELECTED OFFICIALS.
THAT WAS VERY SUCCESSFUL IN
THAT WE PASSED IN CALIFORNIA
THE FIRST LEGISLATION
BANNING THE SALE OF SPICE OR
SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA AND ALSO
BATH SALTS EARLIER IN 2011.
ACTUALLY, IT WAS
A FEW MONTHS AGO.
AND SO THE PROBLEM IS, IS
THAT IT'S LEFT IT OPEN FOR
POSSESSION, AND THEY
DID NOT BAN POSSESSION.
SO THE LOCAL CITY COUNCILS
AND THE COALITIONS AND THE
COMMUNITY ARE WORKING
THROUGH LOCAL CITY COUNCILS
TO BAN POSSESSION OF
BOTH OF THOSE DRUGS.
THE CHALLENGE REALLY
REMAINS IN LAW ENFORCEMENT,
PARTICULARLY AT A TIME WITH
REDUCED BUDGETS AND THINGS
OF THAT NATURE, THE LAST
THING THAT THEY WANT TO DO
IS ENFORCE SOMETHING ELSE.
>> WE'RE GOING TO TALK MORE
ABOUT SOME STRATEGIES THAT
COALITIONS CAN USE.
BUT LET'S GO BACK A LITTLE
BIT BECAUSE I WANT TO KNOW,
REALLY, SORT OF THE
HISTORY BEHIND THIS.
WHO CAME UP WITH
THESE DRUGS?
WHERE DO THEY COME FROM?
>> WELL, A LOT OF THE
SYNTHETIC CANNABINOIDS,
THE CHEMICAL NAMES FOR SOME OF
THEM ARE JWH-018, JWH-73,
AND THE LIST GOES ON AND ON.
JWH STANDS FOR
JOHN W. HUFFMAN.
HE WAS AN ORGANIC CHEMIST
AT CLEMSON UNIVERSITY.
HE AND HIS STUDENTS CAME UP
WITH SOME OF THE SYNTHESIS
OF THESE CHEMICALS.
THERE ARE OTHER CHEMICALS
OUT THERE, CP 47497.
THAT CHEMICAL WAS DEVELOPED
BY PFIZER, AND CP STANDS FOR
CHARLES PFIZER OF
PFIZER CORPORATION.
THERE'S SOME HU-210 PRODUCTS
THAT WERE SYNTHESIZED IN THE
HEBREW UNIVERSITY.
THERE'S JUST A WIDE
VARIETY OF THESE CHEMICALS
OUT THERE.
MOST OF THEM WERE MADE IN
THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY FOR
RESEARCH, AND THAT'S ALL
THEY WERE DEVELOPED FOR.
>> THEY WERE DEVELOPED
THERE, BUT NOW WHO IS REALLY
DRIVING THE SALES?
>> WELL, YOU HAVE A LOT OF
UNSCRUPULOUS CHEMISTS THAT
CONTINUE TO LATCH ONTO THE
CHEMICAL STRUCTURES OF THESE
AND MAKE THEM IN CLANDESTINE
SETTINGS, COUNTRIES LIKE
CHINA, PAKISTAN, INDIA,
EITHER MANUFACTURE THEM OR
ARE INVOLVED IN THE
TRANSPORTATION AND SALE FROM
COUNTRY TO COUNTRY.
AND THEN THEY ARE BROUGHT
INTO THE UNITED STATES WHERE
THEY MAY GO TO AN
UNDERGROUND LAB, IF YOU WILL,
FOR THEN REPACKAGING
INTO WHAT YOU WOULD SEE
ON A RETAIL SHELF.
>> THEY'VE REALLY
MARKETED THEM
IN REALLY CREATIVE WAYS.
AARON, WHAT ARE SOME OF THE
OTHER NAMES THAT YOU'VE SEEN
OUT THERE IN THE COMMUNITY?
>> I'VE SEEN SPICE AND K2.
WE'VE SEEN SOME THAT
HAVE REFERENCES
TO THE MOVIE "SCARFACE."
I MEAN, THEY DON'T
EVEN PRETEND
THAT IT'S JEWELRY
CLEANER ANYMORE.
THEY KNOW WHAT IT IS.
THEY KNOW THAT IT'S A
STIMULANT FOR BATH SALTS,
AND THEY KNOW THAT IT'S
A SYNTHETIC CANNABIS
FOR MARIJUANA.
SO WE SEE THEM MARKETING IT.
THEY ARE TYPICALLY SOLD
AT THE SAME LOCATIONS AS
TOBACCO AND THINGS OF THAT
NATURE, AT NEIGHBORHOOD
MARKETS AND LIQUOR STORES
AND PLACES LIKE THAT.
THE PROBLEM IS THAT A LOT
OF THEM ARE REALLY MARKETED
TOWARDS CHILDREN.
I MEAN, THEY ARE BLUEBERRY
FLAVORED OR PINEAPPLE
FLAVORED, THINGS
OF THAT NATURE.
WE ACTUALLY HAD ONE CASE IN
OUR AREA THAT WAS RIGHT NEXT
TO THE CANDY SECTION
IN THE LIQUOR STORE.
>> WOW.
AND LET'S GET A PICTURE
OF WHO'S USING THIS.
WHAT ARE YOU SEEING, MARK,
IN TERMS OF -- AND ANYONE --
IN TERMS OF WHO -- WHAT AGE
GROUP ARE WE TALKING ABOUT
THAT'S ABUSING THESE DRUGS?
>> WELL, WE'VE SEEN AS
YOUNG AS 12 YEARS OLD,
AS OLD AS 64 YEARS OLD.
BUT THE LARGEST
CONCENTRATION SEEMS TO BE
IN THE 24 TO 34 AGE RANGE.
>> AND AARON, IS THAT WHAT
YOU'RE SEEING, TOO,
IN CALIFORNIA?
>> WE'RE SEEING THAT, TOO.
WE'RE SEEING -- IT'S RISING
IN THE HIGH SCHOOLS,
BUT WE'RE REALLY SEEING IT
IN THAT AGE GROUP,
I THINK 21 TO 31, KIND
OF THAT AGE RANGE,
AND A LOT OF IT HAS TO DO
WITH -- MY PERSONAL OPINION
IS DUE TO DRUG POLICIES AT
BUSINESSES AND WHATNOT,
THESE ARE PEOPLE
GOING TO WORK.
THEY WANT A SIMILAR HIGH TO
MARIJUANA, THINGS OF THAT
NATURE, AND IT HASN'T BEEN
READILY TESTED IN THE PAST.
SO THEY'VE GONE TO THIS.
BUT THEY ARE SEEING THESE
TREMENDOUS SIDE EFFECTS
FROM IT.
>> WOW.
WELL, BATH SALTS HAVE HIT
ONE AREA OF THE COUNTRY
PARTICULARLY HARD.
JUST LIKE IN ANY OTHER CITY,
POLICE, MEDICAL PERSONNEL,
AND COALITIONS IN
BANGOR, MAINE,
HAD TO DEAL WITH
DRUG USERS.
THEY KNEW WHAT TO DO UNTIL
BATH SALTS CAME ALONG.
>> "BATH SALTS," THE WORDS
CAN EVOKE AN IMAGE OF REST
AND RELAXATION WITH
SKIN-SOOTHING SMELLS.
♪
BUT THOSE SAME WORDS CAN
ALSO MEAN SOMETHING
VERY DIFFERENT.
AND THE EFFECTS OF THE
DESIGNER DRUG CALLED
BATH SALTS ARE FAR
FROM RELAXING.
IN EARLY 2011, BATH
SALTS TOOK THE AREA
AROUND BANGOR,
MAINE, BY SURPRISE.
>> IT KIND OF SNOWBALLED,
AND IT ACTUALLY CAME
ON PRETTY QUICK.
WE HAD THREE CASES
WITHIN A WEEK.
AND WITHIN A MONTH'S PERIOD,
THE CASES ABSOLUTELY TRIPLED
IN THE NUMBERS THAT WE
WERE DEALING WITH,
AND THEN IT BECAME AN
EVERYDAY OCCURRENCE.
♪
>> LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS
WOULD RESPOND TO CALLS
OF PEOPLE DOING
STRANGE THINGS.
>> WE SAW INITIALLY
BIZARRE BEHAVIOR
THAT WAS HARD
TO UNDERSTAND.
AND WE, OBVIOUSLY, KNEW
A LOT OF THE CALLS
WERE SOME TYPE OF DRUGS.
AT THE TIME, MANY OF THE
CALLS THAT WERE RECEIVED
WERE NOT LAW ENFORCEMENT
CALLS, PER SE.
THEY WERE MEDICAL DISTRESS
CALLS, PEOPLE THAT APPEARED
TO BE IN DANGER, WHETHER
THEY WERE ACTING BIZARRE,
MAYBE WALKING IN
THE STREET NAKED.
>> IT TOOK TEAMWORK TO
FIGURE OUT WHAT BANGOR WAS
DEALING WITH, AND THAT
PRESENTED A UNIQUE
OPPORTUNITY.
>> WE SAW THIS FOR THE
FIRST TIME, SO WE HAD AN
OPPORTUNITY HERE TO BE
ON THE FRONT END, TO BE
PROACTIVE TO TREAT A DRUG
AND MAYBE MITIGATE SOME OF
THE EFFECTS OF IT BEFORE IT
GETS SO PROLIFERATED THAT
YOU CAN'T DO
ANYTHING ABOUT IT.
>> NOBODY KNOWS EXACTLY WHY
BANGOR SAW SO MUCH SO FAST.
WAS IT BECAUSE OF THE LARGE
NUMBER OF OPIATE USERS IN
THE AREA?
THE CHEAP PRICE?
THE FACT IT WAS NOT
DETECTABLE ON DRUG TESTS?
>> BUT WE DON'T KNOW
WHY IT STARTED HERE.
WE CAN MAKE SOME
ASSUMPTIONS.
WE CAN GUESS AT IT, BUT
THAT'S GOING TO BE THE BEST
WE CAN DO.
AND, FRANKLY, IT DOESN'T
MATTER TO ME NOW
WHY IT'S HERE.
IT IS HERE, AND NOW IT'S
BECOMING MORE WIDESPREAD.
THAT'S WHAT WE
NEED TO DEAL WITH.
THAT'S WHAT WE NEED TO
FOCUS OUR ENERGIES ON.
>> BATH SALTS WERE LEGAL AND
EASY TO FIND ON THE STREETS
OR IN STORES.
BUT LEGAL DIDN'T MEAN SAFE,
AND MANY PEOPLE ENDED UP IN
HOSPITAL EMERGENCY ROOMS,
MEANING DOCTORS HAD TO
FIGURE OUT HOW
TO TREAT THEM.
>> AT FIRST, WE REALLY
DIDN'T KNOW WHAT THIS WAS.
THESE PATIENTS LOOKED ALMOST
LIKE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
HAVING THEIR FIRST
PSYCHOTIC BREAK
OF PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA.
SO WE WEREN'T SURE WHAT
WE WERE DEALING WITH.
BUT THEN WE SAW MORE
AND MORE OF THEM.
>> STANDARD EMERGENCY
TREATMENTS FOR PSYCHOTIC
PATIENTS DIDN'T
SEEM TO WORK.
>> SUDDENLY WE HAD TO CHANGE
OUR APPROACH, AND WE WERE
GIVING MORE AND MORE
MEDICATION AND THEN
DIFFERENT CLASSES OF
MEDICATIONS AND REALIZED
THAT THIS WAS NOT
SOMETHING TYPICAL FOR US.
>> EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS
WERE SEEING SIX TO EIGHT
CASES A DAY, MONOPOLIZING
ER RESOURCES.
BECAUSE OF THE SEVERITY
OF EACH CASE, BATH SALT
PATIENTS REQUIRE CARE FROM
SEVERAL PHYSICIANS, NURSES,
AND OTHER STAFF.
>> WE STARTED SEEING MORE
AND MORE PEOPLE COMING IN,
AND THEY WERE SAYING THEY
WERE USING MONKEY DUST OR
BATH SALTS OR WHITE IVORY.
WE WEREN'T SURE
WHAT THOSE WERE.
>> SOON, DOCTORS AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS LEARNED
BATH SALTS COULD CAUSE
EXTREME SYMPTOMS.
>> WHEN INDIVIDUALS USE
BATH SALTS, OR ONE OF THE
COMPONENTS OF BATH SALTS,
THEY CAN DEVELOP A VARIETY
OF PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS.
THEY INCLUDE AGITATION.
WE'RE TALKING ABOUT EXTREME
AGITATION WHERE THEY DEVELOP
SUPERHUMAN STRENGTH
SOMETIMES.
AND THEY WOULD BE SO
PARANOID AND PSYCHOTIC FROM
THE INFLUENCE OF THE DRUG
THAT THEY WOULD END UP,
EXAMPLE, CARRYING GUNS
AND KNIVES TO PROTECT
THEMSELVES, RIP OUT KITCHEN
SINKS AND DESTROY PROPERTY
JUST SO THAT THEY COULD BE
SAFE FROM WHATEVER HARM THEY
PERCEIVE IT TO BE.
>> A PERSON WITH THESE
SYMPTOMS CAN PUT THE PUBLIC,
MEDICAL STAFF, AND LAW
ENFORCEMENT IN DANGER.
>> WHEN WE STARTED HEARING
FROM THE PEOPLE ON THE
STREET, THIS STUFF IS BAD,
THEN WE REALIZED AS A
SUPERVISORY STAFF, AS AN
ADMINISTRATION, THAT WE
NEEDED TO TAKE A HIGHER LOOK
AT THIS AND DECIDE WHAT IS
IT FOR US AND WHAT
DO WE DO WITH IT?
>> ONE OF THE FIRST THINGS
TO DO WAS TO TRAIN THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT COMMUNITY.
>> WE'VE DONE IN-HOUSE.
WE'VE DONE ROLL-CALL
TRAINING SEVERAL TIMES
FOR EACH GROUP.
AND THEN OUTSIDE AGENCIES,
WE'VE BEEN DOING A LOT OF
THAT AS WELL.
ONCE WE GET ALL OF OUR
OFFICERS TRAINED UP,
WHAT THEY'RE
LOOKING FOR,
WE TALK A LOT ABOUT
WHAT'S GOING ON.
WE GET THE SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
INVOLVED PRETTY QUICK.
LET THEM KNOW WHAT
WE'RE LOOKING AT.
LOCAL AGENCIES, EMS, WE GET
THEM ON BOARD, SO WE'RE ALL
MIXED AND GOT OUR NOTES
TOGETHER AND STARTED LOOKING
AT THIS AS ONE GROUP.
>> POSTERS BEGAN
CIRCULATING, PUBLIC MEETINGS
STARTED HAPPENING, AND
INFORMATION BEGAN TO EMERGE.
>> WE TOOK A COMMUNITY
RESPONSE OUT OF NECESSITY.
WE SAW OURSELVES AS THE
COMMUNITY THAT HAD THESE
DRUGS JUST FALL OUT OF
THE SKY AND LAND ON US.
IT WAS LUCK OF THE DRAW,
UNLUCK OF THE DRAW, BUT WHEN
IT HAPPENED, WE FELT THAT
INITIALLY RIGHT FROM THE
START THAT WE NEEDED TO MAKE
PEOPLE AWARE OF WHAT THIS
DRUG WAS AND WHAT
THE RESPONSE WAS.
AND IN ORDER TO PROTECT THE
PUBLIC, IT WAS MAKING SURE
THAT WE DIDN'T BURY OUR
HEADS IN THE SAND AND THAT
WE WERE VERY UP
FRONT WITH PEOPLE.
>> MOST USERS ARE ADULTS,
AND MANY HAVE USED OTHER
DRUGS, BUT THAT DOESN'T MEAN
PEOPLE WHO WORK WITH BANGOR
AREA YOUTH AREN'T KEEPING
A CLOSE EYE ON BATH SALTS.
>> ALL OTHER SUBSTANCES
HAVE STARTED WITH AN ADULT
POPULATION, AND THEY HAVE
EVENTUALLY TRICKLED DOWN TO
TEENS, AND SO WE
NEEDED TO BE PREPARED.
WE TRAINED EVERYONE --
SECRETARIES, CUSTODIANS,
MAINTENANCE PEOPLE, HALL
MONITORS, EDUCATIONAL
TECHNICIANS, SCHOOL NURSES,
SCHOOL GUIDANCE COUNSELORS,
EVERYONE, ADMINISTRATORS,
TEACHERS.
THEY APPRECIATED THE
TRAINING AND BEING AWARE.
>> THE TRAINING DIDN'T STOP
WITH SCHOOL FACULTY
AND STAFF.
>> WE ALSO HAVE HELD
SESSIONS IN WHICH WE HAVE
INFORMED STUDENTS GOING
FROM GRADE 6 TO GRADE 12 IN
ASSEMBLY FORMATS WHENEVER
WE HAD TIME AVAILABLE
IN OUR DAY.
>> RECENT CHANGES TO BOTH
FEDERAL AND STATE LAWS HAVE
MADE IT MORE DIFFICULT
TO BUY BATH SALTS,
BUT NOT IMPOSSIBLE.
>> MOST OF THIS IS COMING
IN OVER THE INTERNET.
YOU CAN JUST GO ONLINE AND
ORDER IT, AND IT COMES RIGHT
TO YOUR RESIDENCE.
>> CERTAIN CHEMICALS ARE NOW
ILLEGAL, BUT DOZENS CAN BE
USED TO MAKE BATH SALTS.
SO AS ONE BECOMES ILLEGAL,
ANOTHER ONE ENTERS THE MIX.
>> JUST A WHOLE LIST OF
DRUGS THAT THE MANUFACTURERS
ARE JUST WAITING TO PUT THEM
ON THE SHELF UNTIL THEY
CAN'T MOVE THEIR MDPV
OR THEIR METHYLONE OR
MEPHEDRONE.
IF THEY CAN'T MOVE
THAT ANYMORE,
THEY'LL JUST TAKE SOMETHING
ELSE OFF THE SHELF.
>> THE LAWS AND PENALTIES
ASSOCIATED WITH THEM HAVE
MADE A DIFFERENCE IN BANGOR.
EVEN THOUGH OFFICERS ARE
RECEIVING FEWER CALLS ABOUT
BATH SALTS AND THE NUMBER OF
PATIENTS IN EMERGENCY ROOMS
HAS DECREASED, THE THREAT
FROM BATH SALTS AND OTHER
DRUGS IS FAR FROM OVER.
>> HAVING BEEN AROUND FOR A
WHILE, I HAVE NO DOUBT THERE
WILL BE A NEW DRUG THAT
COMES IN BEHIND IT.
AND EVEN IF THERE ISN'T A
NEW DRUG RIGHT OFF, THE OLD
ONES ARE WREAKING HAVOC ON
OUR COMMUNITY EVERY DAY NOW.
AND WE CAN'T FORGET THOSE,
AND WE CAN'T PAT OURSELVES
ON THE BACK AND SAY, YEAH,
WE'VE SOLVED THIS,
BECAUSE THE ISSUE IS
NOT BATH SALTS.
IT'S SUBSTANCE ABUSE,
MISUSE IN OUR COMMUNITY.
AND BATH SALTS IS JUST THE
VEHICLE THAT'S CALLING
ATTENTION TO IT RIGHT NOW.
♪
>> WHAT DO YOU THINK OF
WHAT'S HAPPENING IN MAINE?
>> I THINK IT EXEMPLIFIES
WHAT'S HAPPENING ACROSS THE
COUNTRY, NOT JUST
IN BANGOR, MAINE.
BUT I THINK IT ALSO
EXEMPLIFIES THAT WHEN
INDIVIDUALS TAKE THESE KINDS
OF THINGS, THAT THEY ARE NOT
THE ONLY ONES
AFFECTED BY IT.
THIS AFFECTS THE
WHOLE COMMUNITY.
IT AFFECTS LAW
ENFORCEMENT.
IT AFFECTS THE
MEDICAL COMMUNITY.
THESE ARE VERY
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES.
PEOPLE HALLUCINATE, HAVE
VERY VIOLENT REACTIONS TO IT.
MANY INSTANCES IN BANGOR AND
OTHER PLACES WHERE PEOPLE
WOULD GET ASSAULT RIFLES
BECAUSE THEY SEE PEOPLE
COMING OUT OF
THEIR MATTRESS.
THEY SEE PEOPLE SURVEILLING
THEIR HOUSE THAT, FRANKLY,
IS JUST A HALLUCINATION.
BUT THE RESPONSE BY THE
INDIVIDUALS TAKING IT ARE
VERY VIOLENT IN NATURE.
THESE ARE VERY SERIOUS
CIRCUMSTANCES.
>> I THINK IT ALSO DRIVES
HOME THE POINT THAT IT HAS
TO BE A MULTIAGENCY,
MULTIFACETED RESPONSE
TO THESE THINGS.
THEY POP UP.
IT CAN'T SIMPLY BE
LAW ENFORCEMENT.
IT CAN'T SIMPLY BE HEALTH.
IT CAN'T SIMPLY
BE PREVENTION.
IT HAS TO BE ALL THOSE
FOLKS WORKING TOGETHER
COLLABORATIVELY TO MAKE SURE
THAT THE PUBLIC IS AWARE OF
THESE THINGS TO TRY AND GET
IT OUT OF THE COMMUNITY.
>> JUST LIKE WITH THE
SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA
COMPOUNDS THAT STARTED IN
A CERTAIN AREA --
I THINK IT WAS
AROUND MISSOURI --
AND BLOSSOMED ACROSS
THE COUNTRY,
BATH SALTS STARTED
MAINLY IN THE SOUTH
AND THEN THE
BLOOM OCCURRED.
AND IT'S NOW GETTING
IN PLACES LIKE MAINE.
IT'S IN EVERY STATE NOW.
>> AND WHEN THEY WERE
TALKING ABOUT THE FOLKS
COMING IN AND LOOKING LIKE
THEY HAD A PSYCHOTIC BREAK,
YOU WERE NODDING YOUR
HEAD TO THAT, MARK.
>> YEAH.
WHEN THIS FIRST HAPPENED IN
MY STATE IN SEPTEMBER OF
2010 AND THE NUMBER OF CALLS
GREW DRAMATICALLY TO WELL
OVER A HUNDRED CALLS IN
DECEMBER OF THAT YEAR, I
REACHED OUT TO OTHER POISON
CENTERS AROUND THE COUNTRY.
MOST OF THEM, NEW YORK,
CALIFORNIA, SAID WE DON'T
KNOW WHAT YOU'RE
TALKING ABOUT.
SO I STARTED TO DO QUITE A
BIT OF RESEARCH, AND WE SAW
SO MANY CASES THAT WE WERE
ABLE TO PUT TOGETHER SOME
INFORMATION FAIRLY QUICKLY
ON WHAT WE WERE SEEING AND
PUT THAT OUT TO ALL THE
OTHER POISON CENTERS, SO
WHEN IT GOT TO THEIR AREAS,
THEY WOULD MORE EASILY
RECOGNIZE WHAT WAS GOING ON
AND POSSIBLY COULD DO SOME
WORK BEFOREHAND TO LET
THEIR HOSPITALS KNOW
WHAT MAY BE
COMING THEIR WAY.
>> THE OTHER THING I WAS
THINKING ABOUT IS NOT ONLY
THE DANGERS, BUT THE COSTS
ASSOCIATED, THE STRAIN ON
OUR MEDICAL COMMUNITY AND ON
OUR LAW ENFORCEMENT, BECAUSE
IT TAKES MORE PEOPLE TO DEAL
WITH THESE DRUG-ABUSING
PEOPLE THAT ARE COMING
IN WITH THIS STUFF.
PRETTY SERIOUS.
LET'S GET A LITTLE BIT MORE
INFORMATION FOR OUR VIEWERS
ABOUT BATH SALTS AND SPICE,
UNDERSTANDING THE TWO.
WHAT ABOUT THE
CANNABINOIDS, THE SPICE?
WHAT IS IT MADE OF?
>> WELL, THE CANNABINOIDS,
AGAIN, ARE CHEMICAL
SUBSTANCES THAT ARE SIMILAR
TO THC AND THE OTHER
COMPONENTS THAT
COME FROM MARIJUANA.
DR. HUFFMAN, OTHER
RESEARCHERS, IN THEIR LABS
FORMED THESE NEW COMPOUNDS.
AND WHAT THEY ARE DOING IS
STARTING RESEARCH TO SEE IF
POTENTIALLY DOWN THE ROAD
THEY COULD BECOME DRUGS THAT
ARE MARKETED AND
USEFUL TO US AS HUMANS.
IT'S MUCH THE SAME THING
WITH THE CATHINONES.
WITH THESE DESIGNER DRUGS,
AS WE CALL THEM, SOME OF
THEM ARE DRUGS THAT ARE
ALREADY OUT THERE AND THEY
ARE ALTERED TO HOPEFULLY GET
THE SAME TYPE OF EFFECT.
WITH SOME OF THEM, THEY ARE
CREATED SPECIFICALLY TO BE
ABUSED BECAUSE THEY FEEL
LIKE THEY KNOW WHAT THE
CHEMICAL ONCE CREATED
WILL DO TO A PERSON.
THAT'S A
DISTINCTION TO MAKE.
SOME PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT
THE SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA
AND THE CATHINONES ARE
ONE AND THE SAME.
THEY ARE VERY
DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS.
THEY ARE VERY DIFFERENT.
>> AND, AARON, I KNOW YOU
TAKE OFFENSE TO THE TERM
"SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA."
WHY IS THAT?
>> WELL, I JUST THINK
THAT THEY ARE DIFFERENT.
AND IN CALIFORNIA, YOU
HAVE A PREVALENCE OR A
NORMALIZATION OF MARIJUANA
BECAUSE OF THE BURGEONING
MEDICAL MARIJUANA --
SO-CALLED MEDICAL
MARIJUANA INDUSTRY.
SO I THINK PEOPLE GENERALLY
IN PUBLIC HAVE A PRETTY
BENIGN APPROACH
TO MARIJUANA.
AND SO THEY MIGHT HAVE
A BENIGN APPROACH
TO SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA.
>> TO MAKE IT CLEAR, THIS
IS NOT LIKE MARIJUANA.
THE REACTION IS NOT
LIKE MARIJUANA,
IS THAT RIGHT, MARK?
>> WELL, TRUE.
MARIJUANA HAS BEEN AROUND
FOR A VERY LONG TIME.
SO THERE'S SO MUCH
EXPERIENCE WITH IT FROM A
SYMPTOM STANDPOINT THAT
PEOPLE FEEL PRETTY
COMFORTABLE THAT YOU KNOW
WHAT'S GOING TO HAPPEN.
WELL, A LOT OF THESE PEOPLE
HAVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING,
WHICH ISN'T TYPICAL.
SOME OF THEM HAVE
SOME PSYCHOSIS,
WHICH ISN'T TYPICAL.
SOME HAVE SEIZURE-LIKE
ACTIVITY.
SOME HAVE REPORTED
TRUE SEIZURES.
AND THAT'S NOT SOMETHING
WE USUALLY SEE
WITH MARIJUANA ITSELF.
SO, AGAIN, PEOPLE MAY KNOW
WHAT MARIJUANA DOES,
BUT THEY DON'T KNOW
WHAT THIS MAY DO.
>> GARY, ARE THERE OTHER
SYNTHETIC DRUGS OUT THERE NOW?
>> WELL, SYNTHETIC DRUGS
ARE NOT NECESSARILY NEW.
LSD, METHAMPHETAMINE, THOSE
ARE ALL SYNTHETIC DRUGS.
THIS KIND OF HAS A DIFFERENT
NUANCE, FOR THE MOST PART,
THAT WE CAN TELL.
THIS IS THE FIRST TIME IT'S
BASICALLY SOLD AT RETAIL
WHERE YOU ACTUALLY CAN WALK
INTO A LIQUOR STORE OR YOU
WALK INTO A HEAD SHOP OR
THINGS LIKE THAT AND IT'S ON
THE RACK AND SOLD THERE.
AND I THINK THE
MISPERCEPTION IS BECAUSE
IT'S SOLD IN THIS SETTING
THAT IT GIVES THE INFERENCE
THAT, WELL, IT MUST BE OKAY.
YOU KNOW, "LEGAL"
MEANS THAT IT'S SAFE.
AND THIS IS AN UNREGULATED,
UNLICENSED INDUSTRY.
NO ONE KNOWS
WHAT'S IN THERE.
IT'S NOT ON THE PRODUCT.
THERE'S NO INGREDIENT LABEL
ON THE PRODUCT THAT AT LEAST
GIVES TOTAL
INGREDIENT LISTED.
NO ONE KNOWS HOW
THESE WERE MADE.
NO ONE KNOWS WHAT
CONSISTENCY
IS IN THE PRODUCT.
THERE'S NO CONSISTENCY IN
THE MANUFACTURING OF IT,
AND WHEN THEY TAKE IT,
IT'S RUSSIAN ROULETTE.
YOU HAVE NO IDEA
WHAT YOU'RE TAKING.
>> EARLY ON IN THIS, LAW
ENFORCEMENT CAME TO US
AND SAID, CAN YOU GIVE US A
LIST OF THE NAME BRANDS
AND WHAT'S IN THEM?
AND WE SAID, NO, WE CAN'T.
WE TESTED A PRODUCT CALLED
CLOUD 9 FROM THE NEW ORLEANS
AREA, AND IT HAD
MEPHEDRONE IN IT.
WE TESTED IT FROM THE
BATON ROUGE AREA,
AND IT HAD MDPV IN IT.
WE TESTED IT FROM ANOTHER
AREA OF THE STATE,
SAME NAME BRAND,
AND IT HAD THREE DIFFERENT
CATHINONES IN IT.
SO WHAT WE WERE SEEING WAS
WHEN SOMEBODY CREATED A
BATCH, IF ONE TIME THEY
ORDERED MEPHEDRONE AND WHEN
THEY REORDERED TO MAKE
ANOTHER BATCH, THEY COULDN'T
GET MEPHEDRONE, THEY'D USE
WHICHEVER ONE THE SUPPLIER
HAD IN STOCK.
SO IT MADE IT REALLY
CONFUSING, BECAUSE WHEN SOME
PERSON SAID I USED CLOUD 9,
WELL, THEY MAY HAVE USED
ONE, GOT ONE SET OF
SYMPTOMS, AND THEN THEY USED
ANOTHER PRODUCT AND
GOT ANOTHER SET.
AND ON TOP OF THAT, LIKE
GARY SAID, WE TESTED
PRODUCTS THAT HAD A FEW
MILLIGRAMS OF ACTIVE
INGREDIENT IN THEM, AND WE
TESTED SOME THAT SAID IT HAS
250 MILLIGRAMS, WELL,
IT HAD ALMOST TWO GRAMS.
SO THE DOSE VARIANCE
WAS HUGE ALSO.
>> SO PEOPLE DON'T KNOW
WHAT THEY'RE BUYING.
>> THEY TRULY DON'T.
>> YEAH.
AND WHAT ABOUT WHERE
IT'S BEING SOLD NOW?
YOU SAID TYPICALLY
CONVENIENCE STORES.
I MEAN, FOR THE
PARENTS OUT THERE,
WHERE MIGHT THEY
FIND THIS STUFF?
>> HEAD SHOPS.
MOM-AND-POP GAS STATIONS.
TRUCK STOPS.
GENERALLY MOM-AND-POP
TYPE SHOPS.
THERE HAVE BEEN SOME CHAIN
PLACES, BUT MOST OF THE CHAINS,
ONCE THEY REALIZE
WHAT THEY HAVE,
THEY'RE NOT SELLING
IT ANYMORE.
MOST OF THIS IS A
MOM-AND-POP-TYPE SHOP --
A GAS STATION, A HEAD
SHOP, LIQUOR STORE,
SOMETHING LIKE THAT.
>> PEOPLE REALLY NEED TO BE
VERY VIGILANT OUT THERE.
WELL, WE'RE GOING TO TALK A
LOT MORE ABOUT THE DANGERS
OF THESE DESIGNER DRUGS
AFTER WE TAKE A SHORT BREAK.
♪
[ RECORDER ] HONEY,
THIS IS YOUR MOTHER.
I WANT YOU TO LISTEN TO
THE SOUND OF MY VOICE.
DON'T DO DRUGS.
DRUGS ARE BAD.
DON'T DO DRUGS.
DRUGS ARE VERY, VERY BAD.
DON'T --
>> LET ME
GET THIS STRAIGHT.
YOU RECORDED YOUR
OWN VOICE,
AND YOU PLAY IT FOR
YOUR DAUGHTER.
>> YES, WHILE
SHE'S SLEEPING.
>> OKAY.
WELL, SHE'S PROBABLY
GOING TO HAVE QUESTIONS.
YOU SHOULD HAVE
SOME ANSWERS.
[ RECORDER ]
DON'T DO DRUGS.
>> LEARN HOW TO TALK TO
YOUR KIDS ABOUT DRUGS AT
TIMETOTALK.ORG.
>> TYLER, WAKE UP!
YOU'RE GOING TO BE
LATE FOR SCHOOL AGAIN.
[KNOCKING ON DOOR]
[GASPS]
WHERE IS MY SON?
>> MOM.
LEAVE ME ALONE.
>> "MOM"?
WHO ARE YOU?
WHERE IS HE?
>> CAN'T YOU JUST
LET ME SLEEP?
WHAT'S WRONG WITH YOU?
THIS FAMILY IS SO LAME!
>> GET HELP FROM THE
PARTNERSHIP AT DRUGFREE.ORG.
♪
>> WELCOME BACK.
LET'S TALK WHY THESE
DESIGNER DRUGS
ARE SO DANGEROUS.
ARE THEY DIFFERENT
THAN OTHER DRUGS?
>> WELL, I THINK THAT THEY
ARE IN DIFFERENT CATEGORIES,
BUT THEY ARE BOTH
UNIQUELY DANGEROUS
IN AND OF THEMSELVES.
THEY CAUSE DIFFERENT
REACTIONS AND DIFFERENT
REACTIONS WITHIN
DIFFERENT INDIVIDUALS.
>> EVERY TIME YOU MAKE A NEW
ONE OF THESE, I MEAN, IT MAY
BE SIMILAR TO WHAT YOU
STARTED WITH, BUT EVERY TIME
YOU PUT A DIFFERENT
CHEMICAL GROUP
ON A DIFFERENT POSITION
OF THAT MOLECULE,
IT'S A VERY
DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE.
SO HOW IT ACTS ONCE SOMEBODY
PUTS IT IN THEIR BODY
CAN BE REALLY VERY,
VERY DIFFERENT.
ONE OF THE THINGS WE RAN
INTO IS THESE THINGS
HAVE NEVER BEEN TESTED.
MANY OF THEM NOT ON ANYBODY,
NOT ANIMALS AND
ESPECIALLY NOT HUMANS.
SO WHEN YOU MAKE THAT
STATEMENT IT'S RUSSIAN
ROULETTE, IT TRULY IS.
PEOPLE WILL TAKE THESE
THINGS AND HAVE NO IDEA
WHAT'S GOING TO
HAPPEN WHEN THEY DO.
>> YOU LAYER ON IF THEY ARE
TAKING THEM WITH SOMETHING
ELSE, LIKE ALCOHOL OR SOME
OTHER DRUG, NOW YOU CAN HAVE
A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT
REACTION THAN WHEN YOU TOOK
THEM INDEPENDENTLY.
ALL THE DIFFERENT NUANCES
START STACKING UP
AGAINST THE USER.
>> IS THAT TYPICAL THAT
THERE WOULD BE POLYDRUG USE?
>> VERY MUCH SO, YES.
>> SO WE TALKED ABOUT SPICE,
AND WE'VE TALKED
ABOUT BATH SALTS.
LET'S TALK A LITTLE BIT
MORE ABOUT BATH SALTS,
AND LET'S DISCUSS SORT OF THE
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
BETWEEN THE TWO.
HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
HOW ARE BATH
SALTS DIFFERENT?
>> WE SAW THE SYMPTOMS WITH
THE CANNABINOIDS, AND IT WAS
REPORTED THE PSYCHOSIS THAT
OCCURRED AND SOME OF THE
OTHER MORE NASTY SYMPTOMS
THAT WERE DIFFERENT
FROM MARIJUANA.
WHEN THE BATH SALTS CAME
ONTO THE SCENE, WE NOTICED
THOSE SAME TYPE SYMPTOMS,
SOME DIFFERENT ONES IN
ADDITION, BUT THEY WERE
MUCH, MUCH WORSE TO THE
POINT OF LITERALLY BEING
SCARY, THE RESPONSE THAT
SOME OF THESE PEOPLE WERE
HAVING TO THE CATHINONES.
>> BUT THEY ARE ALSO PART OF
JUST SORT OF A SAME CLASS
SCARY, RIGHT?
WOULD YOU SAY YOU DON'T WANT
TO SEPARATE THEM TOO MUCH
OR HOW DO YOU LOOK
AT THE TWO?
>> WELL, FROM THE DRUG
ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION'S
STANDPOINT IS THAT THEY
WOULD BE CLASSIFIED
AS A SCHEDULE ONE BECAUSE
THEY HAVE NO MEDICAL,
NO LEGITIMATE USE IN
THE UNITED STATES.
SO THAT WOULD MAKE THEM BY
DEFAULT INTO SCHEDULE ONE.
BUT WITH THE BATH SALTS,
THE MDPV, WHAT YOU SEE WITH
THOSE IN SOME INSTANCES IS
COMPULSIVE REDOSING WHERE
PEOPLE MAY WANT TO STOP
TAKING IT, BUT THE DRUG IS
SO POWERFUL THAT THEY
CONTINUE TO TAKE IT.
AND IT DEPLETES THE DOPAMINE
IN THE BRAIN THAT GIVES YOU
THE PLEASURE SENSES, WHICH
ULTIMATELY THEN LEADS TO
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY AND
OTHER SYMPTOMS LIKE THAT.
>> AND WHAT ARE SOME OF THE
NAMES THAT WE'RE SEEING
BESIDES BATH SALTS THAT
PEOPLE SHOULD BE
ON THE LOOKOUT FOR?
MARK AND AARON,
YOU GUYS CAN SHARE.
>> WE'RE SEEING A LOT.
BATH SALTS, PLANT FOOD, pH
OPTIMIZER, GROWTH STIMULATOR,
STAIN REMOVER, ODORIZER,
NOT DEODORIZER.
>> JEWELRY CLEANER.
>> YEAH, GLASS CLEANER.
CLEANER FOR YOUR
SMARTPHONE SCREEN.
WE EVEN SAW TOILET
BOWL CLEANER.
>> AND THEN THEY ARE
PACKAGED UNDER A VARIETY OF
INDEPENDENT RETAIL NAMES.
IVORY WAVE, VANILLA SKY,
BLISS, BERRY, AND LITERALLY
EVERY DAY YOU SEE A
NEW ONE ON THE MARKET.
>> AND THIS IS GOING TO
SOUND REALLY SILLY, BUT
THERE'S NO WAY ANYBODY WOULD
TRY TO USE THESE PRODUCTS
FOR WHAT THEY ARE BEING
SOLD AS, LIKE PLANT FOOD.
LIKE, SOMEBODY IS
NOT GOING TO DO THAT.
WHY IS THAT?
>> NOT AT THE PRICES THEY
ARE CHARGING FOR THEM.
THEY ARE CHARGING HIGH
PRICES FOR JUST A LITTLE
TINY BIT OF DRUG.
IF YOU'RE GOING TO BUY BATH
SALTS TO PUT IN YOUR BATHTUB,
THIS WOULD BE THE LAST THING
THAT YOU WOULD PURCHASE.
>> IT'S VERY OBVIOUS, THEN,
WHAT THIS IS
REALLY ALL ABOUT.
>> AND SOME OF THEM THAT ARE
MARKETED AS PLANT FOOD,
THEY ARE ENCAPSULATED.
I MEAN, MY PLANT DOESN'T
NEED IT TO BE ENCAPSULATED
FOR IT TO WORK.
THE PRICE OF THEM ARE MAYBE
A HUNDRED DOLLARS FOR A GRAM
WHERE YOU COULD GO BUY
LEGITIMATE FERTILIZER,
LIKE MIRACLE-GRO AT A
FRACTION OF THE COST.
JUST THAT ALONE
IS A RED FLAG.
>> THEY ARE REALLY NOT
FOOLING ANYONE WITH THAT.
IT'S A RUSE.
>> AND I THINK TO A CERTAIN
EXTENT, THE RETAILERS THAT
WERE SELLING IT, I DON'T
KNOW IF IT HELPED THEM
ALLEVIATE THEIR CONSCIENCE
FROM WHAT THEY WERE DOING.
BUT WE WOULD GO IN -- WHEN
WE WERE DOING ASSESSMENTS OF
THE STORES THAT WERE
SELLING THESE THINGS,
WE WOULD GO IN THERE
AND THEY WOULD SAY,
NO, IT'S JUST
JEWELRY CLEANER.
LIKE, REALLY, IT'S JEWELRY
CLEANER BEING SOLD NEXT TO
THE TOBACCO IN
YOUR LIQUOR STORE.
SO I THINK THAT IT'S GOTTEN
TO THE POINT NOW WHERE
THERE'S BEEN SO MUCH MEDIA
AROUND IT AND THINGS LIKE
THAT THAT THEY REALLY CAN'T
USE THAT EXCUSE ANYMORE.
THEY CAN'T PLEAD IGNORANCE.
>> THIS IS REALLY SERIOUS.
WE'VE BEEN HEARING
ABOUT PSYCHOSIS,
ABOUT SUICIDE
AND VIOLENCE.
WHY DOES THAT HAPPEN?
>> JUST THE EFFECTS THAT THESE
PARTICULAR SUBSTANCES CAUSE.
PEOPLE WHO USE NOT JUST
THESE BUT A LOT OF DRUGS
ARE LOOKING FOR A EUPHORIA.
WITH DRUGS LIKE THESE, THEY
HAVE STIMULANT PROPERTIES.
SO THEY ARE LOOKING FOR
THOSE SAME TYPE EFFECTS THAT
THEY WOULD GET FROM
METHAMPHETAMINE
OR FROM COCAINE.
BECAUSE IT IS A VERY
DIFFERENT SUBSTANCE,
IT MAY ACT IN SOME OF THOSE
WAYS, BUT IT ALSO MAY HAVE,
AND DOES HAVE, THESE
OTHER EFFECTS,
WHICH ARE REAL NASTY.
>> SO HOW LONG CAN
THIS PSYCHOSIS LAST?
>> WELL, WE HAD PEOPLE WHO
CAME INTO THE EMERGENCY
DEPARTMENT WHO REMAINED
SYMPTOMATIC FOR
3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14 DAYS.
WE'RE STILL TRACKING A FEW
PEOPLE WHO USED THE PRODUCTS
BACK IN NOVEMBER OF 2010,
AND THEIR FAMILY REPORTS
THAT THEY ARE STILL HAVING
PARANOID TENDENCIES THAT
THEY DIDN'T HAVE BEFORE
THEY USED THESE SUBSTANCES.
SO WE'RE STILL NOT SURE THAT
SOME OF THE EFFECTS FROM
THESE THINGS MIGHT
BE PERMANENT.
>> IT'S TOO SOON TO KNOW IF
THERE'S LONG-LASTING EFFECTS
ON THE BRAIN.
WELL, WE'VE HEARD
HOW DANGEROUS
THESE DESIGNER
DRUGS CAN BE.
LET'S SEE HOW COALITIONS
IN MISSISSIPPI
BANDED TOGETHER TO SLOW
THE SPREAD OF SPICE.
♪
>> PRETTY PACKAGES SAY
IT'S HERBAL INCENSE
AND NOT FOR HUMAN
CONSUMPTION.
BUT THE PEOPLE WHO SMOKE IT
KNOW IT CAUSES QUITE A HIGH.
WHETHER IT'S CALLED SPICE,
K2, SYNTHETIC MARIJUANA,
OR SOMETHING ELSE,
IT QUICKLY BECAME
POPULAR IN MISSISSIPPI.
>> WE ACTUALLY ARRESTED
A COUPLE OF STREET-LEVEL
MARIJUANA DEALERS,
AND THEY HAD SPICE.
THEY HAD MARIJUANA
IN ONE POCKET
AND SPICE IN THE OTHER.
AND THAT ALSO TOLD US THAT
WE HAD THE BEGINNINGS
OF A REAL PROBLEM.
>> THE EFFECTS OF
SMOKING SPICE
ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE
ASSOCIATED WITH MARIJUANA
AND CAN INCLUDE
RAPID HEART RATE,
LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
AND PARANOIA,
AND MOST DRUG TESTS
DON'T DETECT IT.
PEOPLE AROUND THE STATE OF
MISSISSIPPI BEGAN
TO NOTICE IT, HOW EASY
IT WAS TO GET.
>> I THINK THE DANGER OF
SPICE ITSELF AND THE ACCESS
OF SPICE IS WHAT SCARED
EVERYBODY THE MOST.
I BELIEVE THAT IF YOU CAN GO
IN A CONVENIENCE STORE AND
BUY IT WHEN YOU BUY A CANDY
BAR, THERE'S A PROBLEM,
BECAUSE ACCESS IS SOMETHING
THAT YOU DON'T WANT
THESE YOUTH TO HAVE.
BECAUSE IF THEY CAN GET
THEIR HANDS ON ANYTHING AND
IT'S THE SIMPLEST THING THEY
CAN GET THEIR HANDS ON, THEN
YOU REALLY HAVE A PROBLEM.
>> PEOPLE BEGAN TO LOOK
FOR INFORMATION
AND REACHED OUT
TO EACH OTHER.
>> WE IMMEDIATELY STARTED
TRYING TO DETERMINE IF THERE
WAS ANYONE ELSE AROUND, FROM
OUR PERSPECTIVE HERE,
IF THERE WAS ANYONE ELSE AROUND
THE COUNTRY THAT WERE HAVING
THESE PROBLEMS, AND WE
FOUND THAT THERE WERE.
OTHER PEOPLE WERE JUST
AS CONCERNED AS WE WERE.
>> THERE WERE NO LAWS OR
ORDINANCES IN PLACE
TO PROHIBIT THE
SALE OF SPICE,
AND NO CONSEQUENCES
FOR USING IT.
>> AT THAT TIME, A CITY
ORDINANCE WAS THE QUICKEST
WAY TO SHUT DOWN THE SALE OF
SPICE IN YOUR COMMUNITY,
AND THAT'S WHAT HAPPENED.
>> AN EXISTING COALITION
OF COALITIONS IN SOUTHERN
MISSISSIPPI HELPED
MOVE THINGS ALONG.
>> THE SYNERGY OF PEOPLE
WORKING TOGETHER I THINK
REALLY MADE A DIFFERENCE.
LUCKILY FOR US, WE HAVE
LAWYERS AND INDIVIDUALS
WHO CAN LOOK AT THAT
LEGISLATION OF CITY ATTORNEYS,
COUNTY ATTORNEYS.
WE WERE ABLE TO LOOK AT THAT
PARTICULAR ORDINANCE,
MAKE SOME CHANGES THAT
NEEDED TO BE MADE.
>> A PERSON WHO WROTE ONE
OF THE FIRST ORDINANCES
RECOMMENDS CAUTION, EVEN
WHEN THE GOAL IS TO GET
SOMETHING ON THE
BOOKS QUICKLY.
>> SO IT HAD TO BE
TAILORED WITH LANGUAGE
THAT WOULD PROHIBIT WHAT IT
WAS INTENDED TO PROHIBIT
AND NOT JUST LANGUAGE
THROWN TOGETHER
SO THAT ALL OF A SUDDEN
YOU PROHIBITED THINGS
THAT YOU NEVER
INTENDED TO PROHIBIT.
THAT WAS THE REAL
TRICK TO DRAFTING IT.
>> LOCAL AREAS WERE ACTING
QUICKLY, AND IT DIDN'T TAKE
LONG FOR THE STATE
LEGISLATURE TO TAKE NOTICE.
>> THIS DRUG DOESN'T STOP AT
CITY LINES OR COUNTY LINES.
IT HAS TO BE STATEWIDE.
YOU'RE SPINNING YOUR WHEELS
IF YOU THINK YOU CAN STOP IT
JUST IN YOUR COMMUNITY WHEN
THEY CAN GO TO THE NEXT
COMMUNITY AND BUY IT,
BECAUSE THE CHILDREN WOULD
GO TO THE NEXT
COMMUNITY, BUY IT,
AND BRING IT BACK HOME.
IT HAS TO BE A
STATEWIDE BAN ON IT.
>> AND WITH BOTH STATE AND
FEDERAL REGULATIONS IN PLACE,
POSITIVE CHANGE
WILL FOLLOW.
>> IT JUST GIVES US SOME
TEETH NOW TO ENFORCE THIS.
I KNOW THAT PEOPLE THAT WERE
SMOKING SPICE, THE ONES THAT
WERE DOING IT LEGALLY, NOW
KNOW THAT IT'S ILLEGAL.
I WOULD LIKE TO THINK THAT A
LOT OF THOSE FOLKS HAVE JUST
STOPPED SMOKING IT.
THEY WERE SMOKING
IT TO BEGIN WITH
BECAUSE IT
WASN'T ILLEGAL.
IT WAS AN ALTERNATIVE
TO MARIJUANA.
BUT NOW THAT IT'S ILLEGAL,
DECENT PEOPLE ARE NOT GOING
TO FOOL WITH IT.
♪
>> WOW.
SO LOCAL ORDINANCES REALLY
SEEM TO GET THE BALL ROLLING
IN MISSISSIPPI.
HOW CAN THAT HELP, AARON?
>> WELL, I THINK LOCAL
ORDINANCES ARE A GOOD WAY TO
REALLY COALESCE PEOPLE
AROUND A COMMON CAUSE.
AT THE STATEWIDE LEVEL,
PARTICULARLY IN LARGER
STATES LIKE CALIFORNIA,
IT'S VERY DIFFICULT TO GET
LEGISLATION PASSED.
THERE ARE MAJOR IDEOLOGICAL
BATTLES AND THINGS OF THAT
NATURE GOING ON.
I KNOW IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY,
THERE'S BEEN A GRASSROOTS
ORGANIZATION CALLED PASS,
PEOPLE AGAINST SPICE SALES,
THAT ORIGINATED
BECAUSE OF THIS ISSUE.
AND THEY WORK WITH THE
LOCAL ELECTED OFFICIALS
TO TRY AND PASS
THESE ORDINANCES.
BUT JUST AS THE VIDEO SAID,
IF YOU PASS ONE IN ONE CITY
BUT DON'T PASS IN THE
SURROUNDING CITIES,
THEY'LL JUST SIMPLY MOVE
TO THE NEXT ONE.
SO WE'VE ACTUALLY TRIED
TO UNDERTAKE A MORE
COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY.
THAT IS TO GET FOUR OF THE
LARGER ANCHOR CITIES,
SO TO SPEAK, IN THE FOUR
CORNERS OF THE COUNTY
IN SAN DIEGO TO PASS
THESE ORDINANCES
AND THEN HAVE IT TRICKLE DOWN
TO THE OTHER SMALLER CITIES.
>> AND THEN DO YOU TAKE THIS
INFORMATION TO THE STATE
LEVEL AND TRY TO MOVE
FROM LOCAL TO STATE?
IS THAT HOW THAT'S WORKING?
>> WELL, ACTUALLY, YOU
TRY TO DO BOTH, ACTUALLY.
WHOEVER PICKS IT UP FIRST,
WHOEVER PICKS UP THE BALL,
LET THEM RUN WITH IT.
TRY TO GET SOMETHING
ON THE BOOKS.
THE STATE, LIKE I SAID
EARLIER, HAS PASSED RECENTLY
SOME LAWS RELATIVE TO SPICE
AND BATH SALT SALES,
BUT THEY DIDN'T
BAN POSSESSION.
SO THAT LIMITS YOU
TREMENDOUSLY,
BECAUSE YOU COULD STILL,
AS WE SAID EARLIER,
PURCHASE IT ON THE INTERNET
AND THINGS OF THAT NATURE.
SO WE NEEDED TO MAKE SURE
POSSESSION WAS IN THERE,
TOO, AND REALLY GETTING
THAT INTO THE LOCAL CITIES.
THAT WAY YOU CAN
NIP IT IN THE BUD
BEFORE IT GETS
OUT OF HAND.
>> AND FOR THE DEA AND
YOU SEEING THE LOCAL
COMMUNITIES, THESE
ORDINANCES AND THEN STATE
AND NATIONAL, CAN YOU PUT IT
ALL INTO PERSPECTIVE FOR US
ON HOW EACH ONE WORKS AND
WHAT YOUR ROLE WOULD BE?
>> WELL, RIGHT NOW, THERE'S
AROUND 43 STATES THAT HAVE
PASSED SOME TYPE OF
LEGISLATION OR ORDINANCE FOR
THE CANNABINOIDS, WHICH ARE
THE SPICE, K2-TYPE PRODUCTS,
AND 33 STATES
THAT HAVE DONE IT
FOR THE BATH
SALT-TYPE PRODUCTS.
BUT IF YOU LOOK AT THEM,
THEY ARE ALL DIFFERENT.
THEY ALL HAVE DIFFERENT
LEGISLATIVE CONTROL.
THEY ALL FIT DIFFERENTLY.
THEY ALL CONTROL
DIFFERENT CHEMICALS.
IT'S KIND OF
DIFFERENT THERE.
FROM THE FEDERAL LEVEL,
THE DRUG ENFORCEMENT
ADMINISTRATION HAS THE
AUTHORITY TO SCHEDULE A
SUBSTANCE AS THEY SEE
FIT, AND WE DO THAT IN
CONJUNCTION WITH A MEDICAL
AND SCIENTIFIC REVIEW FROM
THE FOOD AND DRUG
ADMINISTRATION.
AND THEN THERE'S ALSO CONGRESS
CAN PASS LEGISLATION.
THOSE ARE THE TWO WAYS
FEDERALLY HOW WE CAN CONTROL
THESE SUBSTANCES.
>> WHAT DO WE HAVE
IN PLACE RIGHT NOW?
>> RIGHT NOW, THE
ADMINISTRATOR HAS USED HER
EMERGENCY SCHEDULING
AUTHORITY.
IN MARCH, SHE SCHEDULED
FIVE OF THE CANNABINOID
SUBSTANCES, AND THEN IN
OCTOBER, SHE SCHEDULED THREE
OF THE BATH SALT PRODUCTS,
THE THREE MAIN ONES
THAT WE WERE SEEING.
MDPV, METHYLONE, AND
MEPHEDRONE WERE THE THREE
THAT SHE SCHEDULED
EMERGENCY, WHILE WE MOVE
FORWARD ON A PERMANENT
SCHEDULING ACTION.
CONGRESS HAS BOTH IN THE
HOUSE AND IN THE SENATE,
THERE ARE PENDING
LEGISLATIVE BILLS,
WORK TO CLASSIFY SOME OF THE
SUBSTANCES WE'RE COMMONLY
SEEING AND CONTROL THEM
FROM THE FEDERAL LEVEL.
ONE OF THE MISNOMERS IS THAT
WHEN WE CONTROL THESE IS
THAT WE WILL STOP RESEARCH,
AND THAT'S NOT TRUE.
JUST BECAUSE WE'RE
CONTROLLING THEM,
RESEARCHERS CAN STILL
CONDUCT AND CONTINUE TO DO
RESEARCH AND ULTIMATELY
DECIDE WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE
FROM THE SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNITY.
SO THEY CAN STILL DO THAT.
>> SO THE LAWS
ARE NOT OUT --
THESE LAWS PUT IN PLACE
WILL NOT OUTLAW THESE
CHEMICALS ENTIRELY, OR THEY'LL
PLACE RESTRICTIONS UPON THEM?
>> IT PLACES
RESTRICTIONS ON THEM.
RIGHT NOW, BECAUSE THERE'S
NO SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL USE
FOR THEM, IT WOULD PLACE
THEM IN SCHEDULE ONE.
SO YOU WOULD JUST HAVE
TO BECOME A D.E.A. REGISTRANT
AS A RESEARCHER,
AND YOU WOULD THEN BE ABLE
TO CONTINUE TO DO RESEARCH
WITH THOSE SUBSTANCES.
SO THEY WOULD BE ABLE TO
DO THAT, BUT THEY WOULD BE
PROHIBITED FROM BEING SOLD
AT A RETAIL LEVEL IF THE
PRODUCT CONTAINED ANY OF
THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES.
>> SOUNDS FAIR.
SO HOW DO WE PREPARE FOR
THE NEXT BIG THING
WITH DESIGNER DRUGS?
>> I THINK YOU JUST HAVE
TO MAKE SURE THAT YOUR
COMMUNITY, AND THE VARIOUS
ASPECTS OF YOUR COMMUNITY
ARE ALL TALKING TO EACH
OTHER SO YOU CAN SHARE
INTELLIGENCE QUICKLY.
THAT WAY YOU CAN
RESPOND QUICKLY
WHEN SOMETHING COMES UP.
WE DID IT IN SAN DIEGO WITH
PRESCRIPTION DRUG USE,
WHICH WAS KIND OF MOVING
FROM THE EAST COAST
TO THE WEST COAST.
WE TRIED TO GET AHEAD OF IT,
LOOKED AT TRENDS OF WHAT WAS
GOING ON IN OTHER PLACES,
AND TRIED TO ATTACK.
I THINK THAT IF YOU
HAVE A COALITION
AND YOU HAVE A LOT OF PEOPLE
INVOLVED IN THAT COALITION,
YOU'LL BE ABLE TO
RESPOND QUICKLY.
SO YOU'RE NEVER GOING TO BE
ABLE TO PREVENT EVERYTHING
FROM HAPPENING, BUT YOU CAN
RESPOND QUICKLY AND PREVENT
IT FROM GETTING
OUT OF CONTROL.
>> I MEAN, SOME PEOPLE MIGHT
JUST SAY, WELL, WHY CAN'T WE
JUST OUTLAW ALL OF THIS
STUFF THAT MIGHT POSSIBLY,
YOU KNOW, BE
THESE CHEMICALS?
WHAT'S THE ANSWER TO THAT?
>> THERE'S LOTS OF THINGS
OUT THERE THAT HAVE
STIMULANT PROPERTIES
AND PROPERTIES
THAT ARE ABUSABLE.
SO WE COULD LITERALLY
GET INTO BANNING TENS OF
THOUSANDS OF SUBSTANCES
IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.
AND THE LIST COULD
GO ON AND ON AND ON.
>> AND SOME OF THESE
ARE, FRANKLY,
THEY ARE BRAND-NEW
CHEMICALS.
AS THE SCIENTISTS OR
THE CHEMISTS CHANGE THE
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF SOME
OF THESE SUBSTANCES,
THEY'RE CREATING
BRAND-NEW SUBSTANCES.
SO THAT'S THE PROBLEM WITH
THE SYNTHETICS IS THAT
THERE'S SORT OF AN ENDLESS
ABILITY FOR THE SCIENTISTS
TO CONTINUE TO MODIFY
THE STRUCTURE
OF THESE SUBSTANCES.
>> RIGHT NOW, WE'RE
VERY VIGILANT.
POISON CENTERS
ARE OUT THERE.
WE'RE TALKING TO
THE HEALTH CARE.
WE'RE TALKING TO
LAW ENFORCEMENT.
WE'RE TALKING TO EDUCATION.
WE'RE TALKING TO OUR
HEALTH DEPARTMENTS.
WE'RE TALKING TO THE D.E.A.
SO EVERYONE RIGHT NOW
IS HYPERVIGILANT
TO ANY NEW THING THAT
EMERGES OUT THERE.
HOPEFULLY WE CAN GET
ONTO IT VERY QUICKLY.
>> AND AARON, I KNOW
COALITIONS ARE HYPERVIGILANT
ABOUT THIS, TOO.
WHAT ABOUT RETAILERS?
DO YOU ALL THINK THAT THE
RETAILERS ARE GETTING
THE MESSAGE ABOUT THIS?
>> WELL, THEY ARE GETTING
THE MESSAGE BECAUSE WE ARE
SENDING THEM THE MESSAGE.
>> HOW ARE YOU DOING THAT?
>> WE ACTUALLY TEAMED UP
WITH THE POLICE DEPARTMENTS.
BEFORE ANY OF THE ORDINANCES
PASSED AND BEFORE THE STATE
LAW PASSED, WE KNEW WHAT WAS
HAPPENING WITH THESE DRUGS.
SO WE WENT TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD
MARKET ASSOCIATION,
WE WENT TO THE
POLICE DEPARTMENTS
AND THE CHIEFS OF POLICE, AND
WE SAID, CAN YOU HELP US?
SO WHAT THEY DO IS THEY
ACTUALLY SENT LETTERS VIA
THE NEIGHBORHOOD MARKET
ASSOCIATION, ALSO VIA THE
POLICE DEPARTMENTS SAYING,
HEY, WE'RE WORKING WITH
THESE COALITIONS, WE KNOW
HOW DANGEROUS THESE ARE, YOU
ARE NOW ON NOTICE THAT YOU
KNOW HOW DANGEROUS THEY ARE.
WE ASK YOU TO
STOP SELLING THEM.
EVEN IF YOU DON'T HAVE AN
ORDINANCE IN PLACE, YOU CAN
PUT TREMENDOUS PRESSURE ON
PEOPLE TO STOP SELLING IT.
OF COURSE, WE FOLLOWED IT UP
BY GOING IN WITH YOUTH AND
NEWS CAMERAS INTO THOSE
STORES AND SAYING,
YOU RECEIVED THIS LETTER, YOU
KNOW HOW DANGEROUS THIS IS.
IF YOU DIDN'T
RECEIVE THE LETTER,
YOU'RE CLAIMING NOT TO,
HERE'S ANOTHER ONE.
YOU ARE NOW ON NOTICE ON
CAMERA THAT YOU KNOW.
WILL YOU STOP SELLING IT?
MOST OF THE PEOPLE WHEN YOU
PUT A CAMERA IN THEIR FACE
AND DO THINGS LIKE THAT,
THEY'LL SAY I'LL
STOP SELLING IT.
AND WE GO BACK AND CHECK
OVER AND OVER AGAIN,
AND MANY OF THEM HAVE
STOPPED SELLING IT.
>> AND YOU GOT YOUR YOUNG
PEOPLE INVOLVED, TOO, RIGHT?
>> ABSOLUTELY.
WE HAVE A YOUTH COALITION
THAT'S BEEN INVOLVED.
WE DON'T CALL THEM
STING OPERATIONS,
BUT ESSENTIALLY WHAT WE DO
IS WE SEND THE YOUTH IN
TO ASK IF THEY SELL IT.
THEN THEY SAY, OH,
I FORGOT MY MONEY.
LET ME GO BACK OUT.
I'LL COME BACK IN.
AND THEN WE GO IN THERE
WITH A FEW MORE YOUTH
AND A CAMERA, AND WE
SAY, HEY, LOOK,
HERE IS THE DEAL ON THIS.
YOU NOW KNOW.
>> THAT WOULD BE PRETTY
INTIMIDATING FOR A RETAILER.
>> WE ALSO PUT
DOUBT OUT THERE.
WE WANT TO PUT THE DOUBT IN
THE PEOPLE'S MINDS WHO ARE
USING IT THAT YOU DON'T
KNOW WHAT YOU'RE GETTING.
MANY OF THESE PRODUCTS
ARE RELABELED.
THIS IS NEW.
IT'S NOT BANNED.
IT'S NOT ILLEGAL.
AND YOU'LL FIND THEM
AGAIN GOING BACK
INTO THE RETAIL SETTING.
WELL, WHEN WE TEST A LOT
OF THOSE PRODUCTS,
THAT'S WHAT THEY DO CONTAIN
IS A BANNED SUBSTANCE.
SO WE WANT THE RETAILERS TO
ALSO KNOW THAT JUST BECAUSE
SOMEBODY COMES AND PRESENTS
SOMETHING AS IT NOT BEING
ILLEGAL, IT MAY VERY WELL
BE, SO YOU COULD EASILY BE
ARRESTED FOR HAVING IT IN
YOUR STORE EVEN THOUGH IT
SAYS IT'S NOT ILLEGAL.
>> WITHIN A WEEK OF THE D.E.A.
SCHEDULING THE COMPOUNDS,
THERE WAS A STICKER ON
THE DRUGS THAT SAY
THIS MEETS D.E.A.'S RECENT
SCHEDULING CRITERIA.
SO THEY WILL
RESPOND INSTANTLY,
AND THEY WILL PACKAGE
IT THAT WAY.
SO YOU NEED TO GET THE
MESSAGE OUT TO THE COMMUNITY,
THE WIDE COMMUNITY,
ABOUT HOW DANGEROUS
THESE SUBSTANCES ARE
AND WHY YOU SHOULD
STAY AWAY FROM THEM.
>> ONE OF THE THINGS WE
SEE CONSISTENTLY AMONG THE
RETAILERS IS WHEN THEY ARE
INTERVIEWED BY LOCAL MEDIA
OR WHATEVER, THEY FRANKLY
TELL THE REPORTER,
I DON'T CARE THAT
THIS HARMS PEOPLE.
I'M MAKING A LOT OF
MONEY SELLING IT.
AND I THINK THAT'S
PROBLEMATIC IN AND OF ITSELF
IS THAT THEY ARE NOT TRYING
TO SELL A PRODUCT THAT'S
USEFUL TO THE SOCIETY.
THEY ARE SELLING SOMETHING
SOLELY TO MAKE MONEY ON IT,
AND THEY ARE MAKING A
LOT OF MONEY SELLING IT.
>> AND HAS LAW ENFORCEMENT
BEEN ABLE TO HOLD THESE
GUYS' FEET TO THE FIRE AND
REALLY PROSECUTE
ANY OF THESE RETAILERS?
>> WE HAVE A COUPLE OF
ONGOING INVESTIGATIONS RIGHT
NOW WITHIN THE DRUG
ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION
WHERE WE'RE WORKING TO
PROSECUTE SOME OF THEM BASED
ON THE RECENT FEDERAL
SCHEDULING AUTHORITY
THAT WE'VE ENACTED.
SO WE'RE MOVING ON
THOSE CURRENTLY.
WE ALSO NOTICED THERE ARE
SOME LAW ENFORCEMENT ON A
STATE LEVEL THAT ARE
PURSUING INVESTIGATIONS
AS WELL.
>> WHY IS THIS A LITTLE
TRICKY FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT?
>> WELL, WE CAN'T JUST WALK
IN AND BECAUSE A PRODUCT IS
ON THE SHELF, JUST
TAKE IT OFF THE SHELF.
UNTIL WE TEST THAT PRODUCT
TO KNOW WHAT'S IN IT --
BECAUSE IT'S NOT LABELED ON
THERE, WE HAVE TO TEST IT.
SO WE HAVE TO BUY IT, TEST
IT, SEE WHAT IT IS AND
WHETHER OR NOT THE SUBSTANCE
THAT'S IN THERE IS ACTUALLY
A CONTROLLED
SUBSTANCE OR NOT.
>> AND THEN DO YOU TURN
TO YOUR FRIENDS
AT THE POISON
CONTROL CENTER,
OR ARE YOU INVOLVED IN
THE TESTING AT ALL?
>> WHEN THIS FIRST POPPED UP,
WE WORKED WITH THE CRIME
LAB IN NORTH LOUISIANA
TO TEST A LOT OF
THESE SUBSTANCES.
IN FACT, SOME OF THESE
WERE SO NEW THAT THE VERY
SOPHISTICATED WAY THAT
THEY'RE TESTED,
THE DATABASE THAT THIS
MACHINE USES TO COMPARE
AND TELL YOU WHAT COMPOUND IT IS
WENT, I DON'T KNOW EXACTLY.
THIS IS CLOSE TO THIS, BUT
IT WAS SO NEW THAT IT WASN'T
IN THE REFERENCE LIBRARY.
AND THEN WHEN WE STARTED TO
TEST HUMAN SAMPLES TO FIND
HOW MUCH WAS IN THEIR BODY
TO COMPARE IT AGAINST, THERE
WERE NO PURE REFERENCE
SAMPLES IN THIS COUNTRY.
WE HAD TO GO TO EUROPE TO
GET SAMPLES OF MDPV AND
MEPHEDRONE TO BE ABLE TO
TEST ACCURATELY AGAINST.
>> THIS WAS ACTUALLY ONE OF
THE MARKETING STRATEGIES
WHEN THIS FIRST CAME OUT IS
THAT, YOU KNOW, IT'S NOT
GOING TO BE PICKED UP ON
URINALYSIS SCREENING.
PEOPLE THAT ARE IN DRUG
COURTS, PEOPLE THAT ARE ON
PROBATION AND PAROLE, PEOPLE
THAT ARE IN ATHLETIC OR
PROFESSIONAL SPORTS, IN THE
MILITARY, PEOPLE THAT ARE
SUBJECTED TO ROUTINE
URINALYSIS SCREENING, THAT
WAS ONE OF THE REASONS THAT
THEY WERE MARKETING THIS IS
TO HIT A NICHE OUT THERE OF
PEOPLE THAT STILL WANTED TO
GET HIGH BUT WERE
SUBJECT TO TESTING.
SO HERE'S SOMETHING THAT
THEY COULD USE THAT WASN'T
TYPICALLY BEING TESTED FOR
BECAUSE NO ONE KNEW
TO TEST FOR IT.
>> EVEN ONE OF THE MINOR
LEAGUE PROSPECTS FOR THE
SAN DIEGO PADRES WAS BUSTED
FOR HAVING THE STUFF
IN HIS SYSTEM.
HE WAS USING IT BECAUSE IT
GOT AROUND THE TESTS THAT
WERE DONE FOR MAJOR
LEAGUE BASEBALL.
>> FOR DRUG TESTING,
IT TRULY IS NOT PART OF THE
SCREENING PROCESS RIGHT NOW,
OR IS IT SHOWING UP
AS SOMETHING?
>> WELL, IT'S NOT PART OF
THE ROUTINE URINE DRUG
SCREENS THAT ARE DONE FOR A
PANEL OF DRUGS, SAY, IN THE
EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT IF THEY
ARE NOT SURE WHAT YOU TOOK
OR THEY ARE LOOKING
FOR THINGS,
BUT IT IS DETECTABLE.
SO NOW IF YOU COME IN AND
THE POLICE SAY YOU'VE BEEN
RUNNING DOWN THE STREET
NAKED OR YOU WERE SHOOTING
UP YOUR HOUSE OR SEEING
MONSTERS OR DEMONS, THEY GO,
HMM, THAT COULD BE BATH
SALTS OR SPICE, ASK FOR THAT
TEST AND IT'S EASY TO FIND.
>> WHAT ABOUT FIELD TESTS
FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT, GARY?
>> FOR THE TRADITIONAL
DRUGS, THE COCAINE,
THE MARIJUANA, AND OTHER THINGS
THAT THE POLICE OFFICERS
ON THE FRONT LINES SEE
DONE DAY TO DAY,
THERE ARE FIELD
TESTS FOR THAT.
THERE'S NOT FIELD TESTS THAT
HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED YET
FOR MANY OF THESE
PARTICULAR DRUGS OUT THERE.
>> ARE THEY LOOKING
INTO DOING THAT?
>> I THINK THEY ARE.
AND THAT'S ONE OF THE
CHALLENGES FOR ENFORCEMENT.
YOU COULD PUT THESE
LAWS ON THE BOOKS.
YOU CAN PUT ORDINANCES IN
PLACE, BUT UNLESS THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT HAS SOME WAY OF
ACTUALLY DOING THAT,
IT'S VERY DIFFICULT FOR THEM TO
EVENTUALLY GET TO THE POINT
WHERE IT'S PROSECUTED.
>> WE'RE ALSO SEEING NOW
THAT SOME COMPANIES ARE
PUTTING THESE AS PART OF
THEIR STANDARD PREEMPLOYMENT
DRUG TESTS NOW.
SO IT'S COMING.
>> WELL, WE ALSO NEED TO PUT
IT ON OUR YOUTH SURVEYS,
DO WE NOT?
I MEAN, THAT'S NOT BEING
PICKED UP AT THIS TIME,
IS IT, IN YOUR STATE?
>> NO.
>> I THINK IT'S ON THE NEW
MONITORING OF FUTURE STUDY
THAT'S GETTING
READY TO COME OUT.
I THINK THEY JUST ADDED
THAT QUESTION TO IT
AS ONE OF THE QUESTIONS.
I THINK THAT'S COMING
OUT FAIRLY SOON.
>> EXCELLENT.
>> BUT THE CALIFORNIA
HEALTHY KID SURVEY
IS BEING DEFUNDED.
SO AS THESE DRUGS ARE
EXPANDING AND WE'RE TRYING
TO FIGURE OUT WHAT IS THE
IMPACT OF SYNTHETIC DRUGS,
WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF
MEDICAL MARIJUANA ON THE
COMMUNITY, ON YOUTH DRUG
USE, THINGS LIKE THAT,
THE FUNDING IS BEING REDUCED.
SO BEING ABLE TO REPORT THIS
DATA AND TRACK THESE THINGS
OVER TIME IS AT RISK.
>> WOW.
THAT'S WHY WE
NEED LOCAL DATA.
IT'S SO CRITICAL.
AND SO COALITIONS OUT THERE,
GET THIS ON YOUR LOCAL YOUTH
SURVEYS, IF YOU CAN.
SO, WHAT ELSE DO
WE NEED TO KNOW?
I MEAN, WHAT CAN WE SAY
TO COALITIONS
TO SORT OF PREPARE FOR
THE NEXT BIG THING?
>> I THINK YOU HAVE TO START
TALKING TO EACH OTHER
AND MAKE SURE THAT YOU
UNDERSTAND THE DRUG ISSUE
AS WELL AS POSSIBLE.
I'VE HEARD OF SITUATIONS
WHERE COALITIONS WENT OUT
AND TOLD PEOPLE SOME
MISINFORMATION.
SO YOU NEED TO MAKE SURE
THAT YOU UNDERSTAND IT WELL,
THAT YOU'RE WORKING TOGETHER
WITH A VARIETY OF PARTNERS
TO GET THAT INFORMATION
OUT THROUGH A VARIETY OF
DIFFERENT MEDIA AND A
VARIETY OF DIFFERENT SOURCES.
IF YOU DO THAT, THERE WILL
BE A GENERAL LEVEL
OF AWARENESS IN THE COMMUNITY
THAT WILL ALLOW YOU TO
RESPOND QUICKLY WHEN
THINGS LIKE THIS POP UP.
>> I THINK ONE OF THE THINGS
THAT'S KIND OF UNIQUE TO
THIS NOW, TOO, THAT PEOPLE
SHOULD BE RECOGNIZING
IS THE FACT OF HOW
RAPIDLY THIS SPREAD,
HOW QUICKLY IT GOT FROM ONE
PART OF THE COUNTRY
TO THE OTHER PART
OF THE COUNTRY.
TRENDS THAT USED TO TAKE
MONTHS, WEEKS, YEARS,
IF EVER, TO DEVELOP ACROSS THE
WHOLE UNITED STATES
NOW IS DEVELOPING IN
DAYS AND WEEKS
BECAUSE OF SOCIAL MEDIA.
SO WE NEED TO RECOGNIZE THE
FACT THAT SOCIAL MEDIA,
THOUGH IT CAN BE
GOOD ON ONE HAND,
CAN ALSO PROLIFERATE AND
ACCELERATE TRENDS,
AND WE'VE GOT TO BE
PREPARED FOR THAT.
>> AND I THINK YOU HAVE TO
BE ABLE TO USE
THAT SOCIAL MEDIA.
I MEAN, RIGHT NOW, WHAT
MIGHT HAVE BEEN VERY
DIFFICULT TO GET AHOLD OF
SOMEBODY ELSE'S ORDINANCE
FROM MISSOURI OR
FROM MISSISSIPPI
IS VERY EASY NOWADAYS.
GO ONLINE, LOOK
AT COALITIONS
THAT HAVE DONE THINGS.
ASK THEM FOR IT.
THEY'LL BE MORE THAN WILLING
TO SEND YOU LANGUAGE.
THAT WAY YOU'RE NOT SHOOTING
AT A WIDE VARIETY OF
DIFFERENT LANGUAGE AND
THINGS OF THAT NATURE,
BUT YOU'RE KIND OF HONING IT
DOWN INTO A COMMON LANGUAGE
THAT EVERYONE CAN FOLLOW.
>> WOW.
WE HAVE COVERED
SO MUCH, GUYS.
I CAN'T BELIEVE IT'S TIME FOR
OUR BRIEF FINAL THOUGHTS.
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO LEAVE
OUR VIEWERS WITH TODAY?
I'LL START WITH YOU, GARY.
>> WELL, I THINK THE THING
THAT I WOULD LIKE TO LEAVE
WITH PEOPLE IS LEGAL
DOESN'T MEAN SAFE.
AND PEOPLE SHOULD
UNDERSTAND
THAT WHEN THEY
TAKE THESE THINGS,
JUST BECAUSE THEY
ARE SOLD AT RETAIL,
IT DOESN'T MEAN THAT
THEY'VE BEEN APPROVED
OR THAT THEY'RE SAFE,
AND YOU DON'T KNOW
WHAT YOU'RE TAKING.
>> MARK?
>> WELL, I THINK
IT'S SO IMPORTANT
TO MAKE THE STATEMENT THAT WHEN
YOU BUY A PRODUCT LIKE THIS
THAT HASN'T BEEN TESTED
AND HASN'T GONE THROUGH
ANY REGULATORY PROCESS,
YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT
YOU'RE GETTING.
>> WATCH OUT.
ABSOLUTELY.
>> AARON?
>> I THINK PEOPLE HAVE
TO UNDERSTAND
THAT IT'S NOT
OVERWHELMING,
THAT YOU CAN ACTUALLY
MAKE POSITIVE CHANGE
IN YOUR COMMUNITY,
AND YOU HAVE TO UNDERSTAND WHAT
IT IS THAT YOU'RE FIGHTING
AND COME UP WITH CREATIVE
STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS IT.
>> WELL, I WANT TO
THANK OUR PANEL.
AS ALWAYS, CADCA WILL
BE HERE FOR YOU,
AND WE'LL BE WATCHING
THIS TREND AS WELL.
THAT'S ALL THE TIME
WE HAVE FOR TODAY.
WE'RE GOING TO LEAVE YOU
WITH SOME RESOURCES
THAT YOU MIGHT FIND
HELPFUL ON THE WEB SITE
AS YOU DO YOUR
OWN RESEARCH.
PLEASE KEEP WATCHING.
THANKS.
♪
