This is going to be Chapter 3: Determining elements or atoms through number of protons, electrons, and neutrons
atomic symbol, ionic charge, group, period, etc.
This is Introductory Chemistry at Mineral Area College.
 
 
So this is going to be the table that we're working with today.
Please feel free to screenshot to work on this table
on your own
and refer back to this video.
 
Okay. So let's get started.
Row 2 tells us that it's going to have 13 protons
Remember, the number of protons and the atomic number
are the same.
So we know that it has something to do with aluminum
We know that it has a +3 charge, so it's a cation.
Cations are just going to be the element's name
with the word ion stuck in the back.
So it's going to be aluminum ion.
Next, we know that it's a metal because it is on the left side of the
all the metalloids, which are indicated by green over here.
We know that the group number is going to be 13.
Period is 1,2, 3, which is the same thing as rows.
Atomic number is going to be 13 as well because that's the number of protons.
The mass number is calculated by the number of protons + number of neutrons,
which is 13+14=27.
We also know that
since aluminum would have 13 electrons
in its ground state
because the number of protons and number of electrons in ground state have to equal each other
Because they cancel each other out
But since this is a +3 charge, it's in its ionic state
So 13-3=10
 
Because it lost those 3 electrons,
it's "3 more positive."
Next we're going to piece everything together;
So mass number over atomic number
and then the ion itself.
Next, we know that the number of protons
is 8, so
it's going to be something with oxygen.
We know that
the electrons 10 instead of 8
oxygen has 8 electrons
in its ground state
So this is its ionic form.
It gained 2 more electrons
to get
a total of 10 electrons
 
 
So we know the charge is -2
So we figured we're going to name it as an oxide ion.
because it has a negative charge.
It's considered as an anion
So you add the i-d-e suffix with the root word of the element.
We know that it's a nonmetal because it's on the right side of the staircase.
We know that the group number is going to be 16;
just think of "column" number.
Period's going to be 1, 2.
The atomic number is the same thing as the number of protons.
So it's going to be 8.
And the mass number is going to be calculated by
the number of protons + the number of neutrons.
We have to piece everything together,
so mass number on top and atomic number on the bottom.
And then the ion itself.
So onto row 4.
We're given that the
element is going to be Na,
so that's the same thing as sodium.
That's a cation.
So to name cations, it's going to be the element's name
with the word "ion" stuck at th end.
So this is going to be sodium ion.
We know that it has a +1 charge,
so we're just going to fill it over here.
that it's going to be a +1.
We know that it's a metal because it's on the left side of the
metalloid staircase.
We know that the group number is 1.
We also know that the period is 1,2,3.
We know that the atomic number
is going to be 11 because it's indicated in the periodic table.
And we also know that
the number of protons will be 11 as well.
Next, we know that
sodium in its ground state
sodium in its ground state
will have 11 electrons total.
 
Sodium in its ground state will have 11
electrons total, right,
because it has 11 protons
in its ground state. The number of protons and electrons equal each other
because they cancel each other out. There's no charge in a ground state.
Since it's a +1 charge, it's going to
lose that electron, okay,
so
I know that if it loses an electron,
and we're just going to do minus 1,
and that's just the same thing as 10.
So there are going to be 10 electrons total
in its ionic form.
Next, we know that
the mass number
is given to us, so it's going to be 23. To find
the number of neutrons,
It's going to be the mass number
subtracted by the number
of protons.
Which is going to equal
12.
 
 
So, over here we know that the group number
is going to be 15.
Okay, and the period is 1,2,
so it's going to be something to do with nitrogen.
We know that the charge is a -3
indicated here.
So it's going to be an anion.
So you would do the "i-d-e" suffix
with the root word of the element, so it's going to be
a nitride ion.
Next,
we know that it's a nonmetal because it's on the right side
of the staircase.
We know that the atomic number is going to be 7
because that's indicated by the periodic table.
The number of neutrons is going to be
7 as well
because number of protons
oops that was out of order, but the number of protons
was 7
plus the number of neutrons and that's going to equal
the mass number.
The number of electrons
is 10 because nitride in its ground state
has actually 7 electrons
because it has 7 protons.
They have to equal each other in the ground state because they cancel each other out.
The charges, anyhow.
So over here, it tells us
it has a -3 charge, so we're going to assume it gained
3 electrons because it's "3 more negative"
right? So now
it's just going to be 7+3, which is going to be 10
electrons total.
Thank you for watching.
