If you ask a disagreeable person what he wants, say,
or she wants, they'll tell you right away.
They know. It's like "This is what I want
and this is how I'm gonna get it."
But agreeable people, 
specially if they're really agreeable, are so agreeable,
that they often don't even know what they want.
Cause they're so accustomed to living
for other people, and to finding out
what other people want, and to trying to 
make them comfortable, and so forth, that is harder
for them to find a sense of their own desires
as they move through life.
And that's not-
Look, there's situations where that's advantageous,
but it's certainly not advantageous
if you're going to try to
forge yourself a career.
That just doesn't work at all.
And so, even though,
on average men and women don't- this- don't-
aren't that much different in terms
of their levels of agreeableness by the group,
if you go out and you look at the extremes,
they are very different.
So all of the most agreeable people are women,
 and all of the most
disagreeable people are men.
And the thing is the extremes
are often what matter, rather than what's in the middle.
And so one of the ways that's reflected
in society, by the way, is
there's way more men in prisson
and the best personality predictor of being imprissoned
is to be low in agreeableness. It makes you callous.
Now you may think "Well, what's the opposite of compassion and politeness?"
And the answer to that is,
I think it's best sort of conceptualized as a-
as a trading game.
So let's say that
we're going to play repeated trading games.
And if you're
very agreeable, then you're gonna bargain
harder on my behalf, than you're gonna bargain on your own behalf.
Whereas if you're disagreable,
you're gonna do the reverse. You're gonna think
"I'm in this trading game for me,
and you're gonna take care
of your own interest."
Where an agreeable person is gonna say "No, no.
At best, this is-
At worst this has to be 50/50, but I'd like to help you every way I can."
One of the things you have
to be carefull of if you're agreeable,
is not to be exploited.
Because you'll line up to be exploited.
And I think the reason for that is because
you're wired to be exploited by infants.
And so, that just doesn't work
too well in the actual world.
And one of the things, one of the things
that happens very often in psychotherapy
you know, people come to psychotherapy
for multiple reasons,
but one of them is they often come
because they're too agreeable.
And so what they get is
so called 'Assertiveness Training'.
Although it's not exactly assertiveness
that's being trained.
What it is is the ability to learn how to
negotiate on your own behalf.
And one of the things I tell agreeable people, specially if they´re conscientious, is
Say what you think, tell the truth about what you think.
There's gonna be things you think
that you think are nasty and harsh.
And they probably are nasty and harsh,
but they're also probably true.
And you need to bring those up to the forefront
and deliver the message.
And it's not straight-forward at all
because agreeable people
do not like conflict. Not at all.
They smooth the water.
You know when you can see,
you can see why that is,
in accordance with a hypothesis
that I've been putting forward.
You don't want conflict around infants.
It's too damn dangerous.
You don't want fights to break out.
You don't want anything to disturb
the relative peace.
You know, and if you're also more prone to being hurt, physically, and perhaps emotionally,
you're also maybe loath to engage in the kind of high intensity conflict, that would solve problems
in the short term, because a lot of conflict-
It takes a lot of conflict
to solve problems in the short term.
And, you know, if that can spirale up
to where is dangerous, which it can if it gets uncontrolled, it may be safer
in the short term to keep the water smooth,
and to not
dive into those situations where conflict emerges.
The problem with that is it's not a very good
medium-to-long-term strategy, right?
'Cause there's a lot of times there are
things you have to talk about.
Because they're not gonna go away.
And the advantage to having a well-socialized disagreeable person is that
they really don't let much get in their way.
So if you can get a kid who's disagreeable socialized,
that person can be quite, quite a creature, you know? Because they're very-
They're very forward-moving in their nature
and very difficult to stop.
But if you don't get them successfully
domesticated, tamed, roughly speaking,
by the time they're four, their parents reject them.
And that's a big problem because
your job as a parent is to make your child
socially desirable by the age of four.
You've gotta- You wanna burn that into your brain
because people don't know that.
That's your job.
And here's, here's why, it's easy,
if you think about it carefully.
So imagine you've got a three-year-old child
so sort of half way through that initial
period of socialization.
And you take that child out in public.
Ok, what do you want for the child?
Who cares about you?
What do you want for the child?
You want the child to be able
to interact with other children
and adults, so that the children are welcoming and smile and want to play with him or her
and so the adults are happy to see the child
and treat him or her properly.
And if your child's a horrible little monster
because you're afraid of disciplining them,
or you don't know how to do that properly,
then what they're gonna do?
They're going to experience nothing
but rejection from other children,
and false smiles from other parents and adults.
And that's so then you're throwing
the child out into a world where
every single face that they see,
is either hostile or lying.
And that's not something that's
going to be particularly conducive
to the mental health or the well-being of your child.
If your child can learn a couple
of simple rules of behavior
like "Don't interrupt adults
when they're talking too much"
and "Pay attention" and "Try not to hit the other kids over the head with a truck any more
than it's absolutely necessary"
then- and, you know, and "Share" and "Play properly".
Then, when they meet other kids, the kids
are gonna try out a few little play routines on them
and that's gonna go well and then they're gonna go off and socialize each other for the rest of their lives.
Because that's what happens.
It's that from four years old onwards.
The primary socialization with children
takes place among other children.
And so if the kids don´t get in on
that early, they don't move into that
developmental spiral upwards, and they're left behind.
And you can imagine how terrible that is, because
a four-year-old would not play with
another four-year-old who's two.
But a five-year-old certainly will not play with a five-year-old who's two, right?
'Cause the gap is just starting to get unbelievably large.
And so the kids start out behind
and then the peers leave them behind,
and then those kids are alienated and 
outside the peer group for the rest of their life.
Those are the ones that grow up to be long-term anti-social, right.
They're already aggressive. It doesn't deep down.
Now, what happens to normal boys, roughly speaking?
Imagine that aggressive
two-year-old types get socialized,
so their level of aggression goes down.
And then they hit puberty and
testosterone kicks in and bang!
Levels of aggression go back up.
And so that's why males are criminals
between the ages, roughly, of 16 and about 25.
So, when it matches the creativity curve,
by the way, it's so cool.
If you look at the spike of creativity
among men 16 to 25, and it starts to go down.
Criminality matches that absolutely perfectly.
That's quite cool.
So and part of-
So,
the testosterone levels raise the average
level of aggression among men.
It's more dominance than aggression, actually
and testosterone is, by no means, all bad.
And then starts to decrease about age 25 or 26,
which is usually when men
stop staying up late at night,
stop drinking as much,
develop a full-time career, and take on
burdens and responsibilities and opportunities
that are associated with a long-term partner and family.
And so-
Well, so that's the development of
what I would call predatory aggression.
Because I also think that the agreeableness distribution
is probably something like predatory aggression
versus maternal sympathy.
It's something like that.
So, if you look at other mammals,
that are predators,
'cause we're predators, as well as prey animals.
If you look at other animals like bears,
the male bear has absolutely nothing to do
with the raising of the infants.
In fact, the female bears would keep
the male the hell away
because he's likely to kill the infants
and maybe even to eat them.
So there's no maternality at all
in solitary male
mammalian predators.
It's really useful to investigate the viewpoints
of people who have opposing views to yours.
Because they'll tell you things-
Not only will they tell you things you don't know,
they'll also tell you how to see the world
in ways that you don't see it.
And they'll also have skills that you don't have,
that you could develop.
So, for example, if you're an
introverted person, it's very useful
to watch an extroverted person,
because the extroverted person
has ways of being in the social world
that aren't natural to you,
that you can use as- to improve your tool kit.
And if you're disagreeable, one of the
best things to do with disagreeable people,
specially if that's alienating them from other people, for example, because it can, you know?
People treat you like you're a selfish, arrogant, son of a- maybe that's because you are.
It's like- Ok, so what do you do about that?
One of the most
promising
treatments -let's say for that-, is get the person to do something for someone else once a day,
just as a practice, and learn how to do it.
Maybe you can wake the circuit up, you know?
If you think that it's lying dormant in you,
which is probably right.
You know, I think we have a very wide range
of propensities within us.
Some are switched on:
genetic propensities.
Some are switched on. But I think that if
you put yourself in the right situation
or walk yourself through the right exercises, you can switch some of these other things on as well.
But it takes work, and dedication and discipline, too.
I would say generally speaking, if you want
to adapt yourself properly to life,
you should find a niche in the environment that corresponds with your temperament, right.
You shouldn't work at cross-purposes
to your temperament,
because it's just too damn difficult.
But having done that, then you should work on
developing the skills and viewpoints
that exist in the space opposite to your personality.
Because that's where you're
fundamentally underdeveloped.
Now, well, I think you can extend out your temperamental capability
across a wider range.
And to me that's roughly equivalent as
bringing a richer tool kit to each situation.
You know, so if you're hyper-extroverted, you should probably learn to shut up in parties now and then
and listen just to see what's going on, to
see if you can manage it, you know?
And if you're introverted, well,
then you should learn how to
speak in public, and to learn
how to go to parties without hiding in the corner
and saying nothing to anyone, you know?
And if you're agreeable, then you need to learn how to be disagreeable, so people can't push you around.
And if you're disagreeable, you need to learn how to be agreeable, so you're not an evil son of a b-
So, and the same thing applies even in the conscientious domain
It's like if you're too conscientious
you need to learn to relax and let go a little bit.
And if you're unconscientious it's time like
get out the Google Calendar, man,
and start scheduling your day, right?
And beat yourself on the back of the head with a stick until you're disciplined enough
so that you can actually stick to
something for some length of time.
And not living in absolute squalor,
which is something that would characterize someone who's very disorderly,
for example, 'cause they just, they don't notice.
It doesn't bother them, disorder.
It's like-
Maybe they can see it, but it doesn't have
any emotional valance.
so it doesn't have any motivational significance.
Now, so, the other thing you might wanna think
about too if you're choosing a partner is
try not to choose someone who's too distant from you
on the temperamental variables.
Because you're gonna have a hard time
bridging the gap, you know?
It's hard for an introverted person and
an extroverted person to coexist.
And it's really hard for an orderly person
and a disorderly person to coexist
'cause they will drive each other nuts.
"Why don't you pick up?"
"Why are you so obsessed by it?"
That's the basic argument, you know?
So, it's useful to know about your
temperament so that you
can negotiate a space with your partner,
and the other way as well.
And I don't think you should try to find
someone who's exactly the same as you.
Because then you don't have the benefits
of the alternative viewpoint.
But you gotta watch it, because you may hit irreconcilable differences of various sorts.
And I've seen that most particularly
among couples who are
high and low in openness, that's a rough one.
And also high and low in conscientiousness,
that's another rough one.
'Cause they just cannot see how the other person sees the world at all.
