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10 amazing facts about black holes
imagine matter packed so densely that
nothing can escape not a moon not a
planet and not even light that's what
black holes are a spot where gravity's
pull is huge ending up being dangerous
for anything that accidentally strays by
but how did black holes come to be and
why are they important below we have 10
facts about black holes just a few
tidbits about these fascinating objects
fact 1 you can't directly see a black
hole because a black hole is indeed
black no light can escape from it it's
impossible for us to sense the hole
directly through our instruments no
matter what kind of electromagnetic
radiation you use light x-rays whatever
the key is to look at the holes effects
on the nearby environment points out
NASA say a star happens to get too close
to the black hole for example the black
hole naturally pulls on the star and
rips it to shreds when the matter from
the star begins to bleed toward the
black hole it gets faster gets hotter
and glows brightly in x-rays fact to
look out our Milky Way likely has a
black hole a natural next question is
given how dangerous a black hole is is
Earth in any imminent danger of getting
swallowed the answer is no astronomers
say although there is probably a huge
supermassive black hole lurking in the
middle of our galaxy luckily we are
nowhere near this monster we are about
2/3 of the way out from the center
relative to the rest of our galaxy but
we can certainly observe its effects
from afar for example the European Space
Agency says it's 4 million times more
massive than our Sun and that it's
surrounded by surprisingly hot gas fact
3 dying stars create stellar black holes
say you have a star that's about 20
times more massive than the Sun day our
Sun is going to end its life quietly
when its nuclear fuel burns out it'll
slowly fade into a white dwarf that's
not the case for far more massive stars
when those monster
run out of fuel gravity will overwhelm
the natural pressure the star maintains
to keep its shape stable when the
pressure from nuclear reactions
collapses according to the Space
Telescope Science Institute gravity
violently overwhelms and collapses the
core and other layers are flown into
space this is called the supernova the
remaining core collapses into a
singularity a spot of infinite density
and almost no volume that's another name
for a blackhole fact four black holes
come in a range of sizes there are at
least three types of black holes nASA
says ranging from relative squeakers to
those that dominate a galaxy's center
primordial black holes are the smallest
kinds and range in size from one atoms
size to a mountains mass stellar black
holes for the most common type are up to
20 times more massive than our own Sun
and are likely sprinkled in the dozens
within the Milky Way and then there are
the gargantuan ones in the Centers of
galaxies called supermassive black holes
they're each more than 1 million times
more massive than the Sun day how these
beasts form is still being examined
fact 5 weird time stuff happens around
black holes this is best illustrated by
one person call them unlucky falling
into a black hole while another person
call them lucky watches from Lucky's
perspective unluckiest time clock
appears to be ticking slower and slower
this is in accordance with Einstein's
theory of general relativity which
simply put says that time is affected by
how fast you go when you're at extreme
speeds close to light the black hole
warps time and space so much that
unluckiest time appears to be running
slower from unluckiest perspective
however their clock is running normally
and Lucky's is running fast fact 6 the
first black hole wasn't discovered until
x-ray astronomy was used Cygnus x1 was
first found during balloon flights in
the 1960s but wasn't identified as a
black hole for about another decade
according to NASA
the black hole is 10 times more massive
to the Sun day nearby is a blue
supergiant star that is about 20 times
more massive than the Sun which is
bleeding due to the black hole and
creating x-ray emissions fact 7 the
nearest black hole is likely not 1600
light-years away an erroneous
measurement of V 46:41 Sagittarii I led
to a slew of news reports a few years
back saying that the nearest black hole
to earth is astoundingly close just 1600
light-years away not close enough to be
considered dangerous but way closer than
thought further research however shows
that the black hole is likely further
away than that looking at the rotation
of its companion star among other
factors you get a 2014 result of more
than 20,000 light-years fact 8 we aren't
sure if wormholes exist a popular
science fiction topic concerns what
happens if somebody falls into a black
hole
some people believe these objects are a
sort of wormhole to other parts of the
universe making faster than light travel
possible but as the Smithsonian magazine
article points out anything is possible
since we still have a lot to figure out
about physics since we do not yet have a
theory that reliably unifies general
relativity with quantum mechanics we do
not know of the entire zoo of possible
space-time structures that could
accommodate wormholes said Abby Lowe who
is with the harvard-smithsonian Center
for Astrophysics fact 9 black holes are
only dangerous if you get too close like
creatures behind a cage it's ok to
observe a black hole if you stay away
from its event horizon think of it like
the gravitational field of a planet this
zone is the point of no return when
you're too close for any hope of rescue
but you can safely observe the black
hole from outside of this arena by
extension this means it's likely
impossible for a black hole to swallow
up everything in the universe
barring some sort of major revision to
physics or understanding of our cosmos
of course fact 10 black holes are you
used all the time in science fiction
there are so many films and movies using
black holes for example that it's
impossible to list them all interstellar
journeys through the universe includes a
close-up look at a black hole event
horizon explores the phenomenon of
artificial black holes something that is
also discussed in the Star Trek universe
black holes are also talked about in
Battlestar Galactica stargate sg1 and
many many others speak there are lots of
questions left
so don't space out and live some space
in your brain for answers I hope you
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