- WELCOME TO THE LAST SECTION
IN OUR SERIES ON MINERALS.
THIS SECTION IS COVERING
IODINE, ZINC,
FLUORIDE, AND SELENIUM.
WE'RE GOING TO START
WITH IODINE.
IODINE IS A COMPONENT
OF THYROID HORMONE.
AND THYROID HORMONE REGULATES
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
AND METABOLISM, SO THIS MEANS
THAT IODINE IS IMPORTANT
IN GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
AND METABOLISM.
IODINE DEFICIENCY IS
ACTUALLY VERY RARE.
AND IF WE LOOK AT THIS MAP FROM
THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION,
YOU CAN SEE THE AREAS IN RED,
WHICH WOULD BE THE HIGHEST
OCCURRENCE OR INCIDENCE
OF IODINE DEFICIENCY.
YOU CAN SEE THERE JUST
IN VERY SMALL SECTIONS
WITH SOME SECTIONS
THROUGHOUT AFRICA,
BUT VERY LOW OCCURRENCE
IN FIRST WORLD NATIONS.
WHAT DEFICIENCY RESULTS IN,
PARTICULARLY SEVERE DEFICIENCY,
IS A GOITER.
NOW, WHAT A GOITER
IS ESSENTIALLY
AN ENLARGEMENT
AROUND THE THYROID.
IF YOU THINK ABOUT
YOUR THYROID BEING RIGHT HERE,
AND IF YOU EVER HAD A PHYSICAL
EXAM YOU'LL FEEL YOUR DOCTOR
FEEL RIGHT IN THIS AREA TO SEE
IF THERE'S ANY ENLARGEMENT.
THIS, OF COURSE,
IS A VERY SEVERE CASE IN
ONE OF THE DEVELOPING NATIONS.
WE DON'T SEE THIS MUCH IN
THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES.
CRETINISM IS ALSO ANOTHER RESULT
OF SEVERE IRON DEFICIENCY,
AND THIS IS ESSENTIALLY
IRREVERSIBLE
MENTAL AND PHYSICAL
RETARDATIONS.
SO IT'S GOING TO
OCCUR DURING GROWTH,
SO IODINE DEFICIENCY
DURING GROWTH.
ON A LESSER LEVEL, SMALLER,
NOT SEVERE DEFICIENCIES,
BUT MODERATE OR MILD
DEFICIENCIES CAN BE A
CONTRIBUTING FACTOR FOR
BREAST AND STOMACH CANCER,
AND EVEN AUTISM.
SO WHERE DO WE GET OUR IODINE?
ACTUALLY, WE GET IT FROM
SALT FORTIFICATION.
AND IF YOU LOOK AT YOUR SALT,
IF YOU BUY ONE OF THE BIG
CARDBOARD SALT CONTAINERS
YOU'LL SEE IT'S IODIZED SALT.
SO THAT MEANS THAT IODINE
HAS BEEN ADDED TO SALT AND
THAT WAY NO ONE GETS AN IODINE
DEFICIENCY BECAUSE NATURALLY
OCCURRING SOURCES OF IODINE
ARE ACTUALLY QUITE RARE.
THEY'RE USUALLY
FOUND IN THE OCEAN:
COD, SEAWEED, SHRIMP, TUNA,
OTHER THAN THAT THERE
AREN'T THAT MANY GOOD
SOURCES OF IODINE.
YOU CAN FIND SOME IN
NAVY BEANS AND POTATOES.
AND IF YOU'RE EATING
AN ABUNDANT AMOUNT OF
PLANT FOOD AS WELL AS
SOME SEAFOOD,
YOU'LL GET LITTLE BITS AND
[INAUDIBLE] PROBABLY BE
FINE WITHOUT THE ADDITION
OF THE FORTIFIED SALT.
MOVING ON TO ZINC.
ZINC IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT,
EVEN THOUGH WE ONLY NEED
IT IN SMALL AMOUNTS,
BECAUSE IT HAS A
ROLE IN REGULATING
A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT
FUNCTIONS IN THE BODY.
AND THIS IS FROM
REGULATING GENES
TO BEING INVOLVED
IN CELL SIGNALING.
IT ALSO HAS A ROLE IN MANY OF
THE STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONS IN
THE BODY OR WHEN WE THINK OF
BUILDING UP PROTEINS,
OR BEING COMPONENTS
OF CELL MEMBRANES.
OVER 300 ENZYMES
ACTUALLY DEPEND ON ZINC.
AND WHEN YOU THINK OF ZINC,
YOU THINK OF IT BEING IMPORTANT
IN IMMUNITY AND WOUND HEALING.
AND IT DOES HAVE VERY
IMPORTANT ROLES IN THESE AREAS.
DEFICIENCY IS VERY RARE,
BUT IT CAN CAUSE DELAYED
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT.
THAT'S ONLY IN THE
SEVERE DEFICIENCY.
ALSO, CAN HAVE IMPAIRED AND
NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT.
AND THIS IS WHAT WE SEE
IN A MARGINAL DEFICIENCY.
SO A SEVERE DEFICIENCY
IS ACTUALLY GOING TO
BE A STUNTED GROWTH IN
NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT,
BUT VERY MILDER MARGINAL
DEFICIENCY YOU MIGHT
SEE JUST A LITTLE BIT
OF AN IMPAIRED GROWTH
OR A LITTLE BIT OF AN
IMPAIRED DEVELOPMENT.
ON TO FLUORIDE;
FLUORIDE IS A COMPONENT
OF BOTH BONES AND TEETH.
MOST PEOPLE THINK OF IT AS
BEING PART OF YOUR TEETH AND
WHEN YOU THINK OF DEFICIENCY
YOU THINK OF CAVITIES;
WE CALL THEM DENTAL CARIES,
BUT YOU CAN SEE
ALL THESE EXAMPLES,
YOU KNOW, AN X-RAY OR,
YOU KNOW,
WHAT DENTAL CARIES LOOK LIKE.
SO DEFICIENCY OF FLUORIDE
IS A RESULT OF THIS,
WHICH IS WHY YOU
GO TO YOUR DENTIST,
YOU HAVE FLUORIDE TREATMENTS,
WHY YOU BRUSH WITH A
FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTE.
IF YOU'RE GETTING
TOO MUCH FLUORIDE
WE HAVE FLUORIDE TOXICITY.
IT'S CALLED FLUOROSIS
AND YOU CAN ACTUALLY
LOOK HERE AND YOU CAN
SEE THIS WHITE AREA,
AND THAT'S ACTUALLY CALLED
A FLUOROSIS OR A FLUORIDE
TOXICITY MEANING THAT
YOU'RE GETTING TOO MUCH.
SO WHERE DO WE GET FLUORIDE?
WELL, IT'S ANOTHER
FORTIFICATION IN TAP WATER.
THE WATER IS CHLORINATED
AND A LOT OF PEOPLE
ARE AGAINST THIS FOR
A NUMBER OF REASONS,
SO I'M NOT GOING TO
GO INTO THIS DEBATE,
BUT SOME PEOPLE THINK THIS CAN
ACTUALLY BE
DETRIMENTAL TO HEALTH.
BUT NATURALLY OCCURRING
SOURCES OF FLUORIDE ARE
HARD TO COME BUY IN TEA
AND FRUIT JUICE CRAP.
THEY'RE A LITTLE BIT IN
A VARIETY OF SOURCES,
BUT IT'S NOT ABUNDANT.
SO THIS IS WHY THE
GOVERNMENT HAS TAKEN ON TO
FORTIFY BOTH SALT
AS WELL AS TAP WATER.
I'M GOING TO FINISH WITH
SELENIUM AND I'M JUST GOING TO
MENTION THESE TWO POINTS,
AND THIS WILL BE ON YOUR
TEST SO THAT'S WHY I
WANT YOU TO KNOW IT.
BUT SELENIUM IS A MINERAL
THAT'S ALSO AN ANTIOXIDANT.
AND REMEMBER WHEN WE
COVERED VITAMINS WE
TALKED ABOUT VITAMIN C AND
E BOTH BEING ANTIOXIDANTS.
SO THESE THREE ACTUALLY WORK
TOGETHER IN AN ANTIOXIDANT
CAPACITY MEANING THEY ALL
WORK TOGETHER AS ANTIOXIDANTS.
AND THIS IS GOING TO
BE THE END OF OUR
SECTION ON [INAUDIBLE]
IN MINERALS.
