In previous session, I have discussed about
the interpersonal relationship and managerial
effectiveness and there are different types
of the skills.
Now, I am moving towards that is the what
type of the skills that will make you more
effective in the interpersonal dynamics, the
leadership in general.
First, I would like to talk the leadership
in general and what is a leader, who is a
leader?
So leader means who is able to influence the
behaviour of others.
If one is able to influence the behaviour
of others then definitely he is a leader.
In leaders, earlier there were the trait theories
and then the trait theories says that is the
if individual is energetic, if he is having
the physical ability, if he is having that
particular intelligence only in that case
he will be becoming the leader.
So there were the different traits were there
about the leaders but later on the trait theories
have been, further research has been done
and they have talked about that is there are
the behaviour theories is there.
In the behaviour theories, one is the managerial
grid and in the managerial grid, when we talk
about that is nine by nine grid is there and
in ne by nine grid it has been said, Robert
Blake and Jane Mouton has given and they talked
they have about that is the either the managers
are the people oriented or they are the production-oriented
is there.
So they can be high people-oriented and high
production oriented, low people oriented and
low production-oriented.
So if a manager is the low people-oriented
and low production oriented then definitely
in that case it will be a liability for the
organization will be there.
But there can be the managers who will be
the high people-oriented and the low production
oriented and that is why many times you see
that is they are very highly concerned with
the people but the output is low.
So then definitely, in that case also there
is a need to increase the productivity is
there, otherwise you will find that there
can be the managers who are having the high
productivity.
Most of the managers you will find they are
concerned with the high productivity, high
output and they are not concerned with the
people that much and therefore in that case
that will be a problem.
So here you will find that is it becomes important
that we are having, what should be then the
target?
Target should be the manager should be high
people-oriented and the production-oriented
is there but in the case if the people are
not high and then definitely there can be
the five by five.
They are moderately concerned for the production
and moderately concerned for the people.
So this was about the one model managerial
grid.
Robert Blake and Jane Mouton has given and
then they said the leaders are required to
be highly people and production concerned
both but at least moderate is required, otherwise
it will be imbalance in the production, concern
for production and concern for the people
is concerned.
Then another model has come in the leadership
and you must have seen, that is about the
Hersey-Blanchard model.
Hersey-Blanchard model says that is the there
are the four types of the followers.
One is the unable and unwilling.
If unable and unwilling is there, the leadership
style will work that is the telling style
will work.
If the person is the unable but the willing
then the selling style will be there.
If the person is the toughest type of the
followers, they are able but unwilling and
then in that case participative style will
be there.
That is you have to talk to them, interact
with them, try to find out that why they are
not doing.
Then the telling will not work because that
is autocratic style.
So telling will not work.
The selling they do not need.
So what is required?
Participating they need.
That when you will interact with them, you
will find out what they are doing and how
it is to be done and the fourth one that is
the various star performers.
That is the able and willing and then in that
case nothing is required.
You have to just delegate them the task and
they will do the task.
So therefore, in that case you will find that
is Hersey-Blanchard model has talked about
this particular, then the contingence theories.
In the contingence theories, the situational
theories are there and different models are
there.
So in this different style of the leadership
the I feel that is the, time has come now
that is there should be a servant style of
leadership.
Specially for the organizations in India,
you will find that is the if you want to influence
the behaviour of your followers, you should
adopt the servant leadership style.
If you adopt a servant leadership style, you
are able to influence the others.
So in the servant leadership, we will talk
about the origin, how this concept has started
and then definition of the servant leadership
and dimensions of the servant leadership we
will discuss.
In 600 BC, Lao Tzu the greatest leader forgets
himself and attends to the development of
others and therefore you will find that is
whenever we are talking about the leader what
leader has to do.
Leader may have his personal problems.
Leader may have his lot of limitations but
in spite of all this what is the performance
of the leader?
The leader is attending to the development
of others.
He is busy in the development of others.
So therefore, in the process of development
of others he may not have, may be able to
fulfil his own requirements but he is not
worried about that.
He is not concerned with the self rather than
he is concerned with the others and therefore
in that case you will find that is the Lao
Tzu seems to be started with the serving others.
375 BC Chanakya’s Arthashastra: The leader
shall consider as good not what pleases himself
but what pleases his subjects.
It becomes very very important.
Making your followers happy.
That should be the objective.
Not to making yourself as a happy person.
So therefore in that case you will find that
is the Chanakya has given this mantra, that
is, make others happy and when you will make
others happy, automatically you will be happy.
First century AD, Jesus of the Nazareth: But
the greatest among you shall be your servant;
the one who is the greatest among you must
become like the youngest, and the leader like
the servant and therefore whoever is the greatest
person like king.
King is the greatest person.
It is assumed to be king.
So what should be the philosophy of the king?
To serve the people.
1970’s Robert K. Greenleaf: The servant-leader
is servant first.
It begins with the natural feeling that one
wants to serve, to serve first.
So therefore, it becomes very very important
that is who will become the servant leader.
It is not those who serve themselves first
rather than it is those who are begin with
the natural feeling that one wants to serve
and to serve the first.
Then will be the coming is there.
If we talk about the Indian context, in the
Indian context we will find that is the in
servant leadership, the Arthashastra written
by the Kautilya that is becoming the main
source.
The Mahabharata and the Bhagavad-Gita.
The Bhagavad-Gita while enlisting the qualities
of a superior person say that he is one who
hates no creature, who is friendly and compassionate,
who hates no creature, who is friendly and
compassionate to all, who is free from attachment
and egoism, balanced in pleasure and pain
and forgiving.
We also discussed this concept of the forgiveness
earlier.
So here you will find that is the who is the
one who has no hate to anybody.
Whatever the creature on this earth is there,
there is no hatred.
So therefore in that case the person, a leader
he does not hate anybody, who is friendly
and compassionate to all.
Full of compassion.
I had talked about that is trust also and
then in that case trust and happiness, it
was a condition.
Condition was that you are full of compassion
and compassionate to others and who is free
from attachment and egoism.
We all are full of egoism and therefore, we
have to slowly and slowly we have to minimize
our egoism.
We are human beings.
So definitely, we will be having the ego but
what is important is that is we minimize the
ego and free from the attachment is there.
Balanced in pleasure and pain so whether we
are getting the pleasure or happiness or we
are getting the pain from this society, from
our environment but in both the cases the
person is balanced person and finally that
is he is a forgiving person.
So if the person is forgiving then definitely
he will be always cool, calm and collective.
So what is important is that is the, it is
becoming very very important that is the you
are required to be a servant leader with the
very nice human being.
Even the books published on servant leadership
cite examples of Indian ancient culture.
So this Indian ancient culture of Arthashastra,
Mahabharata and Bhagavad-Gita they talk about
the servant leadership.
In the case of these particular were coining
the modern era, the Robert K. Greenleaf largely
considered the father of the modern servant
leadership.
He worked 38 years at AT&T and largely in
management training and development he has
worked and then for 25 years consulting on
servant leadership thereafter and since last
25 years he is working on servant leadership.
Coined that term servant leader in 1970s.
In 1970s, this particular term has been coined.
Founded Center for Applied Ethics that is
the now Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership
that is becoming the center to serve the others
and provide the training programs to the emerging
leaders.
In case of the inspiration, so therefore when
we are talking about this servant leadership
for these by the Greenleaf, there are certain
value systems are taken care of.
So inspiration is the Hermann Hesse’s short
novel, Journey for the East in 1960s.
Account of a mythical journey by a group of
people on a spiritual quest.
So therefore it is becoming really a spiritual
quest and the true leadership stems first
from a desire to serve and there it is very
important that there is a true leadership
is there from a desire to service there.
The essays, the servant as a leader, the institution
as a servant and that trustees as a servant
that has been, we can refer those and we can
find out that is the how through these essays
the servant leadership has been defined.
After the work of the Greenleaf, Larry Spears
he has worked.
He was the president and CEO of the Greenleaf
center for 25 years and the author of the
hundreds of publications in servant leadership
and the founded the Spears Centre.
James Autry was the president of the magazine
group for the Meredith Corporation.
Author of 8 books, focuses on the implementation
and James Hunter, he is 25 years in servant
leadership.
Two of the most popular books on servant leadership
and consulted many of the world's most admired
companies in case of the servant leadership.
So basically we have to understand who is
a servant.
The one who serves, or does services voluntarily
or on compulsion; a person who is employed
by another by menial offices or for the other
labour and is subject to his command; a person
who labours or exerts himself for the benefit
of other, his master or employer; a subordinate
helper.
So therefore, in that case the main major
features are in the service of another.
It is not that you are serving yourself rather
than you are having the service to the another
person and as a result of which you will find
that is the person is having the concept:
I want to serve others and by serving others
it is not forcefully.
It is not because of economic condition.
It is not any social pressure.
Why one is servant?
Because the he wants to be happy and now what
is the means of his happiness?
His means of happiness is by serving others.
When he serves others then he feels happy.
One who expresses submission and recognition.
So always it is not demanding rather than
it is submission.
So submission is there and as a result of
which because of that submission of his services,
submission of his the all well wishes to another
person, through other person and therefore
in that case that person is working to serve
others.
It is not his only mean of the bread and butter.
Bread and butter he could get by any other
means also but here his purpose is to serve
others and therefore he gets the recognition.
A person working in the service of another
in a subordinate position.
So therefore, he says you are my master.
Now you talk about the customer.
That is customer is a master.
But actually he had the person who is in a
leadership position basically but his value
system is to make other persons happy.
His value system is to serve others and therefore
in that case, he himself will be sacrificing
but he will ensure that is the other persons
are justified whatever the best way he can
do.
So therefore, that is in a subordinate position.
A person who is hired to work for another
and therefore many times there may be the
persons or managers those who are hired to
work for another.
But what is the service?
An act of assistance or benefit; a favour.
An act of helpful activity; help; aid as I
mentioned that is making the happy by helping
others.
So it is equally important to your greatness
that is the you are not great because of your
virtue of position but you are great because
you are helping person and therefore helpful
activity and that will lead you as a servant
leader.
Work done by one person or group that benefits
another.
Naturally in that case the feeling of work
together, learning together that is existing
and therefore we will find that is the one
person or the group that benefit to the another.
The performance of work or duties for a superior
or as a servant and therefore it is not that
he is more highly concerned with the rights
rather than he is concerned with the duties
and highly concerned for the duties then he
will have a superior as a servant.
Be of service to be helpful or useful and
always try to be the in service and helpful
to the others.
So therefore in the case of the service it
is an act of assistance or benefit.
An act of helpful that benefits the another
for a superior as a servant and helpful or
useful to the another person.
Now in servant leadership the lot of work
has been done and there are the different
dimensions have been proposed by the different
authors.
First, I would like to take the Laub in 1999.
What he says, it is a servant leadership that
is first and foremost dimension is development
of the people.
Developing the people and it is not because
of the any interest.
It is not by looking at the ROI rather than
developing the people for the happiness.
Developing the people to help others.
Developing the people to serve others and
therefore that is the development of the people.
Then the shares in leadership and whatever
the leadership position he has and then he
is having the sharing of that particular leadership.
Then the displays authenticity.
That is whatever authenticity is there he
displays that authenticity and values people.
Then that will be the for those people those
who are having the value system and then in
that case you will find that is it is becoming
the very very important for the creating the
value system for the people serving others
and value system for others.
Then the providing leadership.
Providing leadership means that is the in
particular stage of problem, in a particular
stage of understanding that he is able to
give direction.
So if his subordinates or if the people those
who all looking help from him and therefore
if he is a servant leader, what he will do?
He will provide the leadership.
He will serve them, try to solve their problems,
understanding and creating the solutions for
those problems and builds the community and
as a result of which what you will do, that
is he will develop the community.
He will develop a network.
He will create a society which we will be
having the high value systems and therefore
these are the dimensions given by the Laub.
Now Barbuto and Wheeler in 2006, they also
studied the servant leadership and they have
given the different dimensions for the servant
leadership.
They have given that is the altruistic calling
and therefore in that case what makes a person
to be the leader and that is altruism and
then but what for and that is for the emotional
healing and the people those who have approached
to them, they are having this type of this
personal approach for the purpose of the help
because they are into the problem and when
they are into the problem they need the help.
And therefore, in that case they will go for
the emotional healing.
Then they pursue a mapping.
So therefore in that case all their activities,
direction, the mapping, all will be towards
in the persuasiveness and very important word
and very interesting word that you may like
that has been used and it is the whenever
we are talking about the servant leadership,
we are talking about organizational stewardship.
So organizational stewardship is that is the
whole organization is making the serve to
others.
It is a basic purpose of business.
Actually, the basic purpose of business is
to serve the society.
The basic purpose is not the profit.
Profit is for the sustainability that I understand
that is if you want to run the business, you
are supposed to be sustainable but how and
that is by serve the society and finally in
the Barbuto and Wheeler has talked about that
is about the wisdom.
So whenever you are using your knowledge,
when you are using your resources and then
when your value system is to help others spread
the happiness creating a community, a society
which will be having the high index of the
concern for each other and therefore you have
to use your wisdom.
So wisdom will tell you what is right and
what is wrong and when you will do the right
things, then definitely you will serve the
society and therefore in that case you will
find that Barbuto and Wheeler has given these
dimensions.
The next is the Dennis and Bocarnea in 2006.
They talked about the different value systems.
For example, empowerment.
So do not give the fish but give the fishnet.
So what is the purpose?
Empower them.
Employees.
Many organizations what they do, they empower
their employees with entrepreneurship.
They ask them, okay, you become the supplier.
Supplier for the same organization where you
are working but develop yourself as an entrepreneur
because you have those qualities of to be
entrepreneur.
You can but this wisdom, this sharing of the
vision that is becoming the empowerment is
there.
I have much talked about the details in my
earlier sessions about the trust and how to
be the trust builder.
So naturally, the leaders that will, they
will be able to build that particular trust
among the followers then but it should not
give you the proud.
In the sense, that is you are becoming the
person with the superiority.
No, no superiority rather than humility and
therefore in that case, the proud is there
but proud to be to serve the others.
Then the agapao love and then in that case
without concern that is it is not like this.
It is not a business that is give and take.
Your love system is that that is the unconditional,
an unconditional love is there but you are
a leader so definitely you should have the
vision for this particular purpose.
So therefore, the whole vision is to serve
the society through the business.
The Wong and Davey in 2007, they have talked
about that is the different dimensions serving
and developing others.
As I mentioned earlier, there is the basic
purpose of this leadership style is not to
cherish the position, power in chair rather
than the serving and developing others, consulting
and involving others.
If you remember I have talked about the FIROB
and in FIROB I have talked about the inclusion.
You include others and when you include others,
express inclusion, if you remember and wants
inclusion, so what managers should do have?
Express inclusion or they want inclusion?
So therefore express inclusion.
So therefore in that case when he will be
having the express inclusion, the people will
join him.
So they will be consulting and involving others
is there.
Then the same which I have talked earlier
that is humility and selflessness and modelling
the integrity and authenticity.
This is very very important.
Now you see whatever a servant leader is doing
a job unless and until there is no integrity
by heart then there is no purpose of doing
the servant leadership.
Then it is not selfless rather than it is
selfish approach.
The person is doing the servant leadership
to get the position, to get the power, to
get the status, to be famous.
If this is the orientation then definitely
then it will not serve the purpose.
So what is required?
Humility and selflessness is required.
Servant leadership will be true servant leadership
only when there is a selflessness.
Modelling, integrity and authenticity as I
mentioned and inspiring and influencing others.
We are working in the society.
We are working with the group.
We are working with the family.
We are working in a nation and therefore in
that case, to build the nation, to build the
society, to build the organization, it is
becoming very important that is the servant
leaders should be inspiring and influencing
others people.
Liden, et al. in 2008.
They have talked about the servant leadership
as I talked about the empowerment earlier
also.
To empower others.
Let them lead their own lives helping subordinates
grow.
It is not that is to check the subordinate
should not grow.
One should not be feel this, one should not
be scared that is my subordinate is growing
more than me.
Rather than, then what to do?
If subordinate is very competent, what should
we do?
Whether we should stop him or allow him to
come to my position and then in that case
it will be very important that it is we have
to help the subordinates to grow and we should
also grow.
Please understand but if we will be stagnant
then in that case, we will not be, we will
not allow our subordinate to grow because
we are not growing.
So if we are not growing then there might
be a possibility as a weak human being that
is the we will say fine, that is our subordinates
also to not grow.
So therefore, because sharing of power will
be there and many people are scaring of this
sharing of power but that is wrong.
Emotional healing, earlier in the previous
slides I have talked about that is the emotional
healing is very very important in the time
of the when the person is getting upset and
the time when he is getting hurt and then
in that case the one the servant leader should
provide a support and therefore he should
try to heal that emotional problems.
Conceptual skills already lot has been talked
about in this particular course.
Creating value for community.
In the previous slide also, you will find
that is we are talking about the build the
community.
So here when we talk about the build the community
then it will be always that is the how we
are going for this creating value for the
community and then we are going for this particular
builds the community.
So in the all the aspects of the servant leadership,
it is becoming very very important that is
the we are able to create the wealth for the
society and wealth is the value system wealth.
It is not the financial wealth rather than
the value system wealth and therefore we are
creating the value for community and the behaving
ethically.
This is the last slide which I would like
to share with you before I end this particular
session.
What is a leadership?
As I mentioned, leadership is to influence
the behaviour of others and that is a transforming.
Transforming the behaviour of others is there.
Then there will be voluntarily subordination
that is to serve the others.
Then the authentic self, definitely.
In that case, you are having that particular
mastery.
Mastery of yourself and therefore you are
able to do that particular service.
Then the transcendental spirituality.
I have talked earlier also that is the and
I will speaker later on also in further sessions
about the spiritual quotients and then in
that case naturally what is that?
When you are doing a servant leadership, it
is a value system under the spirituality because
you are spreading spirituality from one to
another and conventional relationship will
be there.
When we talk about like the example, guru-shishya
parampara, the mentoring process and therefore
that is a conventional relationship will be
always there.
Then the responsible morality will be there
and the people will be having the responsible
moral.
Van Dierendonck and the Nuijten, they have
talked about all these values which I have
talked about the empowerment, humility, the
standing back.
This is becoming very very important.
In case of when we talk about the standing
back, it means that the leader is always supporting
to the others.
There is authenticity.
I have talked already forgiveness.
I have taken the full session earlier and
I talked about that is the value of forgiveness
is to be there.
For this purpose, the leader should have the
courage, accountability and the value system
to serve others and that is the stewardship.
If the proper stewardship is there then definitely
because servant leader he wants to help others,
to serve others then definitely it will be
the servant leadership which will be having
this particular process of the serve the society,
building the community, helping others, forgiveness
and developing the subordinate and making
the organization also a good workplace rather
great workplace.
So these are the certain characteristics of
the servant leadership.
Thank you.
