*
>> Andrew: GOOD EVENING.
I'M ANDREW CHANG.
ADRIENNE IS AWAY.
TONIGHT, A TRAGIC LOSS AFTER 
THAT SHOCKING, SUDDEN SNOWBIRDS'
CRASH. 
>> I THINK PEOPLE ARE CRUSHED BY
IT.
>> Andrew: REMEMBERING THE 
CANADIANS FORCES OFFICER KILLED 
MOMENTS AFTER TAKEOFF.
>> I JUST HEARD BANG, BANG, AND 
ALL I SAW WAS THE SNOWBIRD PLANE
GOING STRAIGHT DOWN.
>> Andrew: THE NEIGHBOURS WHO 
RUSHED TOWARDS THE BURNING 
WRECKAGE TO TRY AND HELP.
>>> ONTARIO'S SET TO START 
REOPENING, BUT ARE BUSINESSES 
AND CUSTOMERS READY?
>> I'M A BIT APPREHENSIVE. 
>> I THINK WE'RE JUST
OPENING OURSELVES UP A LITTLE 
BIT MORE TO THE RISK.
>> Andrew: THE U.S. PRESIDENT 
REVEALS HE'S TAKING AN UNPROVEN 
DRUG WITH POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS 
SIDE EFFECTS TO WARD OFF 
COVID-19. 
>> President Donald Trump: YES, 
I THINK IT'S GOOD.
I'VE HEARD A LOT OF GOOD 
STORIES.
>> Andrew: AND IF LIMITING 
SCREEN TIME DURING A PANDEMIC 
FEELS IMPOSSIBLE, WELL, THAT'S 
OKAY.
>> WE NEED SCREENS MORE THAN 
EVER.
>> Andrew: THE SURPRISING 
BENEFITS OF MORE SCREEN TIME.
THIS IS "THE NATIONAL."
*
*
>>> REMEMBERED AS FUNNY, 
DEDICATED AND A GIFTED 
STORYTELLER, TRIBUTES ARE 
POURING IN FOR CANADIAN AIR 
FORCE CAPTAIN JENN CASEY.
THEY COME FROM HER SNOWBIRD 
TEAMMATES, FELLOW SERVICE 
MEMBERS, AND CANADIANS, 
INCLUDING THOSE IN HER HOME 
PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA.
HER DEATH IN YESTERDAY'S AIR 
CRASH JUST THE LATEST TRAGEDY 
FOR THAT PROVINCE.
WE STILL DON'T KNOW WHAT CAUSED 
THE CRASH, BUT WE ARE HEARING 
MORE FROM PEOPLE WHO WERE RIGHT 
THERE WHEN THE JET CAME DOWN IN 
THAT QUIET KAMLOOPS 
NEIGHBOURHOOD.
SOME RUSHED TO HELP, EVEN AS THE
PLANE BURNED.
BRIAR STEWART BEGINS OUR 
COVERAGE IN KAMLOOPS TONIGHT.
>> Reporter: IN THE MIDDLE OF A 
NOW-SEALED-OFF NEIGHBOURHOOD, 
PART OF THE MANGLED WRECKAGE 
FROM THE SNOWBIRD JET SITS ON A 
FRONT LAWN, A CRUCIAL PIECE IN 
AN INVESTIGATION AND A REMINDER 
OF THE HORROR THAT UNFOLDED 
SUNDAY AFTERNOON.
>> NO, NO!
>> Reporter: MOMENTS AFTER 
TAKING OFF, THE JET PLUNGED 
TOWARD THE EARTH.
>> AND ALL OF A SUDDEN I JUST 
HEARD BANG, BANG, AND I LOOKED 
TO THE RIGHT, AND ALL I SAW WAS 
THE SNOWBIRD PLANE GOING 
STRAIGHT DOWN, AND THEN TO THE 
LEFT I SAW THE PARACHUTE, WHICH 
ENDED UP BEING THE PILOT, BUT 
THE PARACHUTE WAS JUST DANGLING 
BEHIND HIM. 
>> Reporter: KEN HINES RAN 
TOWARDS THE WRECKAGE.
>> HOLY SHIT.
>> Reporter: HE TOOK THIS VIDEO 
WHEN HE REALIZED THERE WAS 
NOTHING HE COULD DO.
NO ONE WAS IN THE PLANE.
>> THE NEIGHBOUR NEXT DOOR 
ALREADY HAD HIS HOSE OUT TRYING 
TO DO WHAT HE COULD. 
>> Reporter: THE PILOT, CAPTAIN 
RICHARD MacDOUGALL, LANDED ON 
THIS ROOFTOP.
HE IS SERIOUSLY INJURED BUT IS 
EXPECTED TO SURVIVE.
CAPTAIN JENN CASEY, THE SNOWBIRD
PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICER, ALSO 
MANAGED TO EJECT FROM THE PLANE,
BUT SHE WAS KILLED.
SHE'D BEEN WITH THE SNOWBIRDS 
FOR A YEAR AND A HALF. 
>> HER LOSS IS A SERIOUS BLOW, 
NOT ONLY TO OUR TEAM, BUT TO THE
ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE AND THE
CANADIAN ARMED FORCES AS A 
WHOLE.
I'VE SPOKEN WITH JENN'S FAMILY 
AND PASSED ON OUR SINCERE AND 
HEARTFELT CONDOLENCES.
NO WORDS OF COMFORT -- NO WORDS 
CAN COMFORT THE PAIN THAT THEY 
ARE FEELING RIGHT NOW.
>> Reporter: THE PLANE CRASHED 
INTO THE FRONT OF A HOUSE.
THE COUPLE WHO LIVED THERE WAS 
INSIDE AT THE TIME BUT 
FORTUNATELY NO ONE ON THE GROUND
WAS HURT.
>> WE WERE PARKED RIGHT WHERE 
THE END OF THE PLANE CAME. 
>> Reporter: CRYSTAL COX LIVES 
ACROSS THE STREET WITH HER YOUNG
FAMILY.
THEY WERE OUT IN THEIR DRIVEWAY 
JUST 10 MINUTES BEFORE.
IT'S THEIR LAWN WHERE PART OF 
THE WRECKAGE NOW SITS. 
>> WITHIN TEN MINUTES I COULD 
HAVE LOST MY KIDS, MY HUSBAND.
IT'S JUST -- IT'S HARD TO PUT 
INTO WORDS, I GUESS.
>> Reporter: A SENSE OF RELIEF 
FROM ONE FAMILY AT A TIME WHEN 
SO MANY OTHERS ARE LEFT 
GRIEVING.
>> Andrew: AND, BRIAR, YOU'RE AT
THE GROWING MEMORIAL AT THE 
KAMLOOPS AIRPORT.
WHAT'S IT LIKE THERE TONIGHT?
>> Reporter: THAT'S RIGHT, 
ANDREW, AND PEOPLE HAVE BEEN 
COMING HERE ALL THROUGH THE DAY,
WALKING UP TO THE FENCE.
SOME HAVE BEEN TAKING A QUIET 
MOMENT.
OTHERS HAVE BEEN LEAVING 
HANDWRITTEN NOTES, FLOWERS AND, 
OF COURSE, CANADIAN FLAGS.
ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FENCE, 
ON THE AIRPORT TARMAC, ARE THE 
SNOWBIRDS' JETS.
OPERATION INSPIRATION, WHICH WAS
MEANT TO LIFT CANADIAN SPIRITS, 
HAS NOW BEEN HALTED 
INDEFINITELY.
AS TO WHAT CAUSED THE PLANE TO 
CRASH, WELL, SEVERAL MEMBERS 
FROM THE FLIGHT SAFETY TEAM ARE 
NOW ON THE GROUND IN KAMLOOPS 
INVESTIGATING, BUT WE'RE TOLD 
THAT THAT COULD TAKE A YEAR TO 
COMPLETE.
ANDREW?
>> Andrew: ALL RIGHT, BRIAR, 
THANKS FOR THIS.
THAT'S BRIAR STEWART IN 
KAMLOOPS, B.C. FOR US TONIGHT.
>>> NOW FOR NOVA SCOTIANS, THE 
DEATH OF CAPTAIN CASEY IS JUST 
THE LATEST IN A SERIES OF 
TRAGEDIES, AND ALL IN THE MIDDLE
OF THIS PANDEMIC.
KAYLA HOUNSELL TAKES A LOOK AT 
HOW SHE'S BEING REMEMBERED IN 
HER HOME PROVINCE.
>> [INDISCERNIBLE] THE CANADIAN 
ARMED FORCES [INDISCERNIBLE]. 
>> Reporter: CAPTAIN JENN CASEY 
THOUGHT OF HERSELF AS A 
STORYTELLER.
AS A PUBLIC AFFAIRS OFFICER, SHE
TOLD THE STORIES OF THE CANADIAN
ARMED FORCES.
BEFORE THAT SHE WAS A JOURNALIST
IN HALIFAX.
>> SHE CAME TO WORK EVERY DAY 
EAGER TO DO WHAT SHE WAS 
SUPPOSED TO DO. 
>> Reporter: THIS LOCAL RADIO 
TALK SHOW HOST WORKED CLOSELY 
WITH CASEY.
SHE WAS HIS PRODUCER. 
>> SHE WAS A DEDICATED 
JOURNALIST.
SHE WAS ARTICULATE.
SHE WAS ENGAGING, AND ALWAYS 
THAT SMILE, THAT SMILE, THAT'S 
WHAT'S GOING TO STAY WITH ME, 
WITH JENNIFER, THE SMILE.
>> Reporter: CASEY LEFT 
JOURNALISM AND JOINED THE 
MILITARY IN 2014.
>> SO I KIND OF STARTED LOOKING 
AROUND, WHAT CAN I TAKE MY 
SKILLS TO BUT STILL HAVE AN 
EXCITING CAREER.
>> Reporter: SHE WAS FIRST 
POSTED TO TRENTON, ONTARIO 
BEFORE JOINING THE SNOWBIRDS TWO
SHE WAS IN THE PLANE WITH 
CAPTAIN RICHARD MacDOUGALL.
HIS MOTHER SAYS THE RELIEF OF 
FINDING OUT HER SON HAD SURVIVED
THE CRASH WAS IMMEDIATELY 
FOLLOWED BY THE DEVASTATING NEWS
CASEY HAD NOT.
>> REALLY BROKE OUR HEARTS, 
KNOWING WHO SHE WAS AND HOW 
LOVELY SHE WAS AND HOW WELL THEY
WORKED TOGETHER.
>> SHE'S ANOTHER EXEMPLARY 
SERVICEWOMAN WHO HAS LOST HER 
LIFE FROM NOVA SCOTIA, AND I 
THINK PEOPLE ARE CRUSHED BY IT.
>> Reporter: NOVA SCOTIA HAS 
BEEN BATTERED WITH TRAGEDY AFTER
TRAGEDY.
TODAY MARKS THE ONE-MONTH 
ANNIVERSARY OF A SHOOTING 
RAMPAGE THAT TOOK THE LIVES OF 
22 PEOPLE, INCLUDING AN RCMP 
OFFICER.
SINCE THEN, SIX MEMBERS OF THE 
MILITARY BASED IN HALIFAX DIED 
IN A HELICOPTER CRASH.
COVID-19 HAS TAKEN THE LIVES OF 
49 PEOPLE IN JUST ONE LONG-TERM 
CARE HOME.
AND A TODDLER IS MISSING AFTER 
WANDERING AWAY FROM HIS 
GRANDMOTHER. 
>> I'VE SEEN A LOT OVER THE 
YEARS, BUT THIS IS STARTING TO 
TAKE A TOLL.
>> Reporter: HOWE IS AMONG THE 
MANY IN NOVA SCOTIA AND ACROSS 
THE COUNTRY REMEMBERING JENN 
CASEY FOR HER ENERGY AND THAT 
INFECTIOUS LAUGH.
KAYLA HOUNSELL, CBC NEWS, 
HALIFAX.
>> Andrew: AS YOU HEARD A FEW 
MOMENTS AGO, BEFORE ITS 
SUSPENSION, OPERATION 
INSPIRATION HAD BEEN TRAVELLING 
ACROSS THE COUNTRY TRYING TO 
UPLIFT CANADIANS IN THIS 
DIFFICULT TIME.
THIS WAS THE VIEW FROM 
CHARLOTTETOWN EARLIER THIS 
MONTH.
A COUPLE OF DAYS LATER, HERE 
THEY WERE FLYING OVER KINGSTON, 
ONTARIO.
AND OUR CAMERAS CAUGHT THEM OVER
EDMONTON ON FRIDAY.
THE GOAL OF THE MISSION, TO 
SALUTE CANADIANS FIGHTING 
COVID-19.
THERE ARE NOW NEARLY 80,000 
INFECTIONS IN THIS COUNTRY, AND 
ALMOST 6,000 DEATHS.
QUEBEC CONTINUES TO BE THE 
HARDEST HIT WITH ABOUT 700 NEW 
CASES TODAY FOLLOWED BY ONTARIO 
WITH JUST OVER 300.
NOW TODAY THE QUEBEC GOVERNMENT 
STOPPED RESTRICTING VISITORS 
FROM ONTARIO.
TRAFFIC FLOWED FREELY OVER THE 
OTTAWA RIVER FOR THE FIRST TIME 
SINCE APRIL 1.
THAT'S WHEN QUEBEC CALLED FOR 
ESSENTIAL TRAVEL ONLY, AND 
GATINEAU POLICE ESTABLISHED 
CHECKPOINTS TO DETERMINE IF THE 
TRIP WAS TRULY NECESSARY.
TOMORROW, ONTARIO'S LETTING 
PARTS OF THE ECONOMY REOPEN.
THAT INCLUDES AUTO DEALERSHIPS, 
MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR SERVICES,
VETERINARY TREATMENT BY 
APPOINTMENT, ANIMAL GROOMING AND
RETAIL STORES WITH STREET ENTRY.
BUT THERE ARE COMPLICATIONS.
ASHLEY BURKE LOOKED INTO THEM.
>> Reporter: IN HIS FAMILY'S 35 
YEARS OF SELLING SPECIALTY 
FOODS, BRAD JOYAL SAYS BUSINESS 
HAS NEVER BEEN THIS BAD.
HE HAS KEPT ONE STORE OPEN 
DURING THE PANDEMIC AND COULD 
REOPEN HIS SECOND LOCATION OPEN 
TOMORROW, BUT HAS DECIDED 
AGAINST IT. 
>> I WON'T HAVE ENOUGH SALES TO 
JUSTIFY PAYING SOMEONE AND 
HAVING TO TAKE CARE OF RENT.
LIKE, IT'S JUST NOT ENOUGH. 
>> Reporter: HE'S EVEN WARNING 
OTHER NEIGHBOURHOOD BUSINESSES 
HOW DISCOURAGING IT COULD BE IF 
THEY START BACK UP.
>> SOME DAYS IT'S PRETTY 
DEPRESSING HOW MUCH GOES THROUGH
THE TILL.
YOU'LL SEE, AND THEN SOME DAYS 
IT PICKS UP AND YOU THINK, WELL,
THERE'S A CHANCE.
>> Reporter: ONTARIO HAS GIVEN 
THE GREEN LIGHT TO OPEN MORE 
BUSINESSES, INCLUDING RETAIL 
STORES WITH STREET ACCESS.
>> EVERYBODY IS TAKING CARE OF 
THEMSELVES.
WE DON'T NEED THE GOVERNMENT TO 
TELL US WHAT TO DO.
>> I'M A BIT APPREHENSIVE.
I'M NOT SURE IF WE'RE COMPLETELY
READY.
I PERSONALLY WON'T BE GOING OUT.
>> Reporter: THE PROVINCE'S TOP 
DOCTOR SIGNED OFF ON THE 
REOPENING BUT IS ASKING PEOPLE 
TO RESPECT THE RULES.
>> WHILE THERE'S THINGS MORE 
AVAILABLE, IT DOESN'T MEAN YOU 
HAVE TO GO OUT.
WHILE THERE'S MORE THINGS 
ALLOWED TO BE OPEN, IT DOESN'T 
MEAN THEY WILL OPEN. 
>> Reporter: BUT SOME PUBLIC 
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS THINK THE 
REOPENING IS PREMATURE WITHOUT 
INCREASED TESTING LEVELS. 
>> THINKING ABOUT ALL THE 
RETAIL WORKERS, ALL THE SERVICE 
WORKERS, THERE'S SERIOUS 
OCCUPATIONAL RISK FOR ALL OF 
THESE FOLKS IN THIS PLAN, AND 
THEY SHOULD BE TESTED AT LEAST 
WEEKLY.
>> Reporter: IN OTTAWA'S 
NORMALLY BUSY BYWARD MARKET, 
PEOPLE ARE EAGER TO GET OUTSIDE,
BUT MIXED ABOUT BROWSING INSIDE 
STORES.
>> I THINK IT'S JUST FEARS OF 
OPENING OURSELVES UP A LITTLE 
BIT MORE TO THE RISK. 
>> I THINK THERE WILL BE SOME 
TENSION AT THE BEGINNING, BUT WE
CAN'T KEEP OUR GUARDS UP 
FOREVER. 
>> Reporter: JOYAL JUST HOPES
THIS WEEK BRINGS MORE CUSTOMERS.
>> I WANT TO SURVIVE.
MY BELIEF IS TO FIGHT OR DIE 
FIGHTING, BUT I KNOW THAT IT'S 
GOING TO BE A BATTLE. 
>> Reporter: A BATTLE THAT HE 
MIGHT NOT WIN AT BOTH OF HIS 
STORES.
ASHLEY BURKE, CBC NEWS, OTTAWA.
>> Andrew: QUEBEC ANNOUNCED JUST
34 NEW DEATHS FROM COVID-19, THE
LOWEST FIGURE IN MORE THAN A 
MONTH.
PAVING THE WAY FOR SOME 
RESTRICTIONS TO BE LIFTED.
>> I'M REALLY HAPPY TO ANNOUNCE 
TODAY THAT WE HAVE THE GREEN 
LIGHT TO REOPEN RETAIL 
BUSINESSES IN THE MONTREAL 
REGION IN ONE WEEK AS PLANNED.
>> Andrew: THAT'S NEXT MONDAY, 
BUT ONLY FOR THOSE STORES WITH A
STREET ENTRANCE.
A WEEK AFTER THAT, THE PREMIER 
SAYS DAYCARES IN THE MONTREAL 
AREA SHOULD BE CLEARED TO OPEN.
FOR THOSE OF YOU IN B.C. LONGING
FOR A HAIRCUT, HOPE HAS ARRIVED.
SALONS ARE ONE SIDE OF BUSINESS 
THE PROVINCE WILL ALLOW TO 
REOPEN TOMORROW.
MASKS ARE REQUIRED AND THERE ARE
SPACE RESTRICTIONS, SO IT MAY 
TAKE A WHILE TO GET IN.
STORES, RESTAURANTS AND GYMS 
WILL ALSO WELCOME CUSTOMERS.
AND TOMORROW SASKATCHEWAN'S 
REOPENING PLAN ENTERS PHASE TWO,
HAIR SALONS WILL BE BACK IN 
BUSINESS WITH ACCOMMODATIONS FOR
PHYSICAL DISTANCING AND 
SANITIZATION, AND SIGNAGE TO 
REMIND CUSTOMERS.
THE SAME GOES FOR MASSAGE 
THERAPISTS, RETAILERS AND MALLS.
>>> NOW TO GET BACK TO SOMETHING
RESEMBLING THE OLD NORMAL, 
HEALTH EXPERTS SAY WE NEED AN 
EFFECTIVE VACCINE, AND TODAY 
BROUGHT PROMISING NEWS FROM THE 
U.S., BUT LORENDA REDDEKOPP 
TELLS US IT'S NO SURE THING.
>> Reporter: THE RESULTS ARE 
ENCOURAGING, EVEN IF THEY COME 
FROM TESTS ON ONLY EIGHT PEOPLE.
HALF RECEIVED A LOW DOSE OF THE 
VACCINE.
THE OTHER HALF, A MEDIUM-SIZED 
DOSE.
>> EVEN AT THE LOWEST DOSE THAT 
WE TESTED, THE 25 MICROGRAM 
DOSE, WE ARE ALREADY SEEING AN 
IMMUNE RESPONSE AT THE LEVEL OF 
PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN INFECTED 
WITH THIS VIRUS AND ARE BELIEVED
NOW NOT TO BE SUSCEPTIBLE TO 
FURTHER DISEASE. 
>> Reporter: THESE EARLY RESULTS
ARE THE FIRST AVAILABLE FROM A 
TRIAL THAT TESTED 45 PEOPLE IN 
ALL.
SOME RECEIVED A HIGH DOSE AND 
SHOWED SOME SIDE EFFECTS.
THAT DOSAGE WILL NO LONGER BE 
TESTED. 
>> THE VACCINE WAS GENERALLY 
MORE TOLERATED, BUT 45 PEOPLE IS
STILL A RELATIVELY SMALL NUMBER,
SO WE WILL BE LOOKING ACROSS 600
PEOPLE IN THE PHASE TWO STUDY 
WHICH WILL START ANY DAY NOW.
>> Reporter: THE U.S. FOOD AND 
DRUG ADMINISTRATION HAD ALREADY 
FAST TRACKED APPROVAL FOR PHASE 
TWO.
THE PRESIDENT IS IMPRESSED.
>> President Donald Trump: IT'S 
INCREDIBLE WHAT THEY CAN DO, AND
I'VE SEEN RESULTS, AND THE 
RESULTS ARE STAGGERINGLY GOOD, 
SO VERY HAPPY.
>> Reporter: MODERNA'S VACCINE 
IS ONE OF DOZENS BEING RUSHED 
THROUGH DEVELOPMENT AROUND THE 
WORLD.
AT LEAST 10 ARE HERE IN CANADA.
AND HUMAN TRIALS FOR ONE HAVE 
BEEN APPROVED, BUT THERE ARE 
WARNINGS TO KEEP THIS ALL IN 
PERSPECTIVE.
>> MOST OF THESE VACCINES ARE 
GONNA FAIL, EVEN IF THEY LOOK 
PROMISING IN PRECLINICAL 
STUDIES, EVEN IF THEY LOOK 
PROMISING IN THESE EARLY 
CLINICAL STUDIES LIKE THESE 
PHASE ONE CLINICAL TRIALS, MOST 
OF THEM WILL NOT MAKE IT TO 
MARKET, AND THAT'S OKAY.
THE POINT HERE IS THAT THERE ARE
LOTS OF EGGS IN THE BASKET.
>> Reporter: BUT HE CALLS THESE 
EARLY RESULTS ANNOUNCED TODAY 
EXCITING.
>> THE NEXT STEPS ARE GONNA BE 
TO LOOK AT THIS VACCINE USING IN
MANY MORE INDIVIDUALS NOW THAT 
WE KNOW IT'S SAFE TO SEE DOES IT
ACTUALLY PROTECT AGAINST 
COVID-19 INFECTION.
>> Reporter: MODERNA EXPECTS 
THE PHASE THREE TRIALS INVOLVING
THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE TO BEGIN IN 
EARLY SUMMER.
IT SAYS IT COULD HAVE A VACCINE 
BY AS SOON AS EARLY NEXT YEAR, 
IF EVERYTHING GOES WITHOUT A 
HITCH.
LORENDA REDDEKOPP, CBC NEWS, 
TORONTO.
>> Andrew: DONALD TRUMP ISN'T 
WAITING FOR A VACCINE.
THE U.S. PRESIDENT REVEALED 
TODAY HE'S BEEN TAKING A MALARIA
DRUG THAT ISN'T ACTUALLY PROVEN 
TO FIGHT COVID-19, AND AS WE 
HEAR FROM SUSAN ORMISTON, HEALTH
OFFICIALS HAVE BEEN WARNING 
AMERICANS THAT IT CAN BE 
DANGEROUS.
>> Reporter: THE PRESIDENT JUST 
WON'T STOP PUSHING.
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE, THE 
ANTI-MALARIA DRUG UNPROVEN FOR 
FIGHTING COVID-19.  
>> President Donald Trump: I 
HAPPEN TO BE TAKING IT.
I'M TAKING IT.
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE.
RIGHT NOW, YEAH.
A COUPLE OF WEEKS AGO I STARTED 
TAKING IT.
BECAUSE I THINK IT'S GOOD.
I'VE HEARD A LOT OF GOOD 
STORIES. 
>> Reporter: FOR MONTHS HE'S 
BEEN TOUTING ITS BENEFITS, EVEN 
WITH MOUNTING EVIDENCE OF 
DANGEROUS SIDE EFFECTS LIKE 
HEART ARRHYTHMIA AND AN F.D.A. 
WARNING IT SHOULD ONLY BE USED 
IN FORMAL STUDIES.
TRUMP SAYS HE'S POPPED A PILL A 
DAY FOR THE LAST COUPLE OF WEEKS
AFTER GETTING THE GO-AHEAD FROM 
HIS DOCTOR.  
>> President Donald Trump: YEAH,
THE WHITE HOUSE DOCTOR.
I ASKED HIM WHAT DO YOU THINK, 
AND HE SAID IF YOU'D LIKE IT.
I SAID I'D LIKE IT.
I'D LIKE TO TAKE IT.
A LOT OF PEOPLE ARE TAKING IT.
A LOT OF FRONT-LINE WORKERS ARE 
TAKING HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE.
>> Reporter: FOUR OBSERVATIONAL 
STUDIES NOW IN THREE COUNTRIES 
HAVE CONCLUDED THE DRUG HAS NO 
BENEFIT ON PATIENTS WITH COVID 
AND CAN BE DANGEROUS.
A FURTHER STUDY WITH HIGHLY 
EXPOSED HEALTH CARE WORKERS WILL
EXAMINE ITS USE AS A 
PROPHYLACTIC.
TRUMP HAS ALREADY DECIDED.  
>> President Donald Trump: I 
WANT THE PEOPLE OF THIS NATION 
TO FEEL GOOD.
I DON'T WANT THEM BEING SICK.
AND THERE'S A VERY GOOD CHANCE 
THAT THIS HAS AN IMPACT, 
ESPECIALLY EARLY ON.
>> Reporter: IT'S UNUSUAL 
TIMING.
JUST LAST WEEK THE OUSTED HEAD 
OF A U.S. VACCINE AGENCY, 
DR. RICK BRIGHT, TESTIFIED HE 
WAS SUDDENLY DISMISSED IN PART 
BECAUSE HE RESISTED EFFORTS TO 
PROMOTE THE DRUG.
>> THAT WOULD MAKE 
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE MORE FREELY 
AVAILABLE TO AMERICANS THAT WERE
NOT UNDER THE CLOSE SUPERVISION 
OF A PHYSICIAN. 
>> Reporter: PRESIDENT TRUMP 
SAYS HE'S SHOWING NO SYMPTOMS OF
COVID-19, AND IN A MEMO TONIGHT,
THE WHITE HOUSE DOCTOR SAID 
AFTER NUMEROUS DISCUSSIONS HE 
AND TRUMP CONCLUDED ANY 
POTENTIAL BENEFIT OUTWEIGHS THE 
RISKS.
SO EITHER TRUMP IS INCREASINGLY 
WORRIED HE MAY BE EXPOSED TO THE
VIRUS OR HE SIMPLY WANTS TO WIN 
THE INFORMATION WAR ON 
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE.
SUSAN ORMISTON, CBC NEWS, 
WASHINGTON.
>> Andrew: NOW THE PANDEMIC HAS 
COMPOUNDED THE FINANCIAL PAIN 
CITIES HAVE BEEN FEELING FOR 
YEARS, AND NOW MANY ARE ASKING 
FOR HELP TO HEAD OFF A POTENTIAL
CRISIS EXPERTS HAVE LONG 
PREDICTED.
RENEE FILIPPONE EXPLAINS. 
>> Reporter: THE DAY-TO-DAY WORK
IN A CITY NEVER STOPS, EVEN IN 
COVID-19 TIMES.
BUT CONCERNS ABOUT THE PRESSURE 
TO KEEP IT GOING GROWS.
>> IN TERMS OF OPERATING 
REVENUE, THINGS ARE PRETTY 
BLEAK.
>> Reporter: WEEK AFTER WEEK, 
VANCOUVER'S MAYOR HAS BEEN 
RAISING THE ALARM, WARNING THE 
CITY CAN'T COPE WITH ITS $200 
MILLION PLUS BUDGET SHORTFALL.
>> IT INSTANTLY HAD TO GO TO 
SERVICE CUTS, LAYOFFS.
>> Reporter: MOST CITIES IN 
CANADA AREN'T ALLOWED TO RUN 
DEFICITS, FORCING THEM TO 
BALANCE BUDGETS.
LOST REVENUE FROM DROPPING 
TRANSIT FARES, DEFERRED PROPERTY
TAXES AND USER FEES HAS THEM AT 
A BREAKING POINT WITH FEW 
OPTIONS. 
>> THIS STAGE WE COULD BE FACING
A 20% PROPERTY TAX INCREASE, 
WHICH HAS NEVER BEEN 
CONTEMPLATED BEFORE IN THE 
HISTORY OF THE CITY. 
>> Reporter: BUT EXPERTS SAY 
THERE IS A LIMIT TO HOW MUCH YOU
CAN TAP THE TAXPAYER, ESPECIALLY
RIGHT NOW.
>> TAXPAYERS THEMSELVES ARE ALSO
FACING A SIZABLE AMOUNT OF 
PRESSURE IN TERMS OF DECREASING 
INCOME OR INCOME THAT'S JUST 
DISAPPEARED.
>> I THINK IT'S GONNA GO FROM 
CRISIS TO A REAL TRAGEDY.
>> Reporter: THE FORMER MAYOR 
AND PREMIER MIKE HARCOURT SAYS 
CITIES WERE ALREADY STRETCHED 
BEFORE COVID-19, AND THEY NEED 
HELP.
>> FINANCIAL SITUATION IN CITIES
IS REALLY DICEY.
AND HAS BEEN FOR A LONG TIME.
THE MAIN REASON IS THAT THE 
PROPERTY TAX THAT WE ALL PAY 
WASN'T MEANT FOR BIG-TICKET 
ITEMS LIKE TRANSIT AND 
AFFORDABLE HOUSING AND CHILD 
CARE AND DEALING WITH THE OPIOID
AND NOW THE PANDEMIC.
>> Reporter: THE FEDERATION OF 
CANADIAN MUNICIPALITIES IS 
PLEADING WITH OTTAWA FOR AT 
LEAST $10 BILLION TO COVER 
BUDGET SHORTFALLS.
WITHOUT IT, IT SAYS A LOT OF 
CITIES ARE HEADED FOR FINANCIAL 
COLLAPSE.
RENEE FILIPPONE, CBC NEWS, 
VANCOUVER.
>> Andrew: UBER HAS ALREADY 
TAKEN A BIG HIT FROM THE 
PANDEMIC, TODAY LAYING OFF 
ANOTHER 3,000 EMPLOYEES AND 
ROLLING OUT A NEW SAFETY 
CHECKLIST FOR ITS DRIVERS AND 
PASSENGERS.
AS ELLEN MAURO EXPLAINS, RIDE 
SHARING NOW COMES WITH SHARED 
RESPONSIBILITY.
>> Reporter: ONLY AFTER TAKING A
SELFIE TO PROVE HE'S WEARING A 
FACE MASK WILL THOMPSON 
BRUDOMONTO BE ASSIGNED ANY 
PICK-UPS.
HE IS AN UBER DRIVER, DELIVERING
FOOD, NOT PASSENGERS.
STILL NERVOUS ABOUT THE 
PANDEMIC.
>> I DID IT ANYWAY BECAUSE I 
THINK IT'S A GOOD THING TO HELP 
PEOPLE OUT.
>> MAKE SURE THE FACE COVER OR 
MASK COVERS YOUR FACE. 
>> Reporter: STARTING TODAY, 
FACE COVERINGS ARE MANDATORY FOR
ALL UBER DRIVERS.
THERE'S ALSO NEW 
RESPONSIBILITIES FOR PASSENGERS.
BEFORE ORDERING A VEHICLE, 
RIDERS HAVE TO AGREE TO 
CONDITIONS TOO, INCLUDING THAT 
THEY'VE WASHED OR SANITIZED 
THEIR HANDS, AND THAT THEY HAVE 
A FACE COVERING TO WEAR WHILE IN
THE VEHICLE.
INSIDE, YOU MUST SIT IN THE BACK
SEAT AND HAVE THE WINDOWS OPEN 
FOR VENTILATION.
IF A RIDER DOESN'T HAVE A FACE 
COVERING, THE DRIVER CAN REFUSE 
TO PICK THEM UP.
>> IF THEY ARE NOT WEARING 
MASKS, I'M NOT UNLOCKING MY 
DOOR. 
>> Reporter: EARLA PHILLIPS IS 
AN UBER DRIVER IN TORONTO.
>> THIS IS ONE OF THE MASKS THAT
I USE ON A REGULAR BASIS.
I'M RUNNING LOW ON THEM. 
>> Reporter: PHILLIPS SAYS UBER 
SHOULD HAVE MADE THE NEW RULES 
SOONER AND IT SAYS IT NEEDS TO 
DO MORE TO HELP DRIVERS GET 
SUPPLIES. 
>> THEY HAVE CONSTANTLY MADE 
STATEMENTS SAYING THAT, YOU 
KNOW, THEY ARE SUPPORTING 
DRIVERS, THAT, YOU KNOW, THEY 
ARE DOING EVERYTHING THEY CAN.
AND IT'S BEEN EXTREMELY SLOW.
>> Reporter: UBER SAYS THE 
CHANGES ARE HAPPENING NOW 
BECAUSE CITIES ARE STARTING TO 
REOPEN.
IT SAYS IT'S DELIVERED 5 MILLION
MASKS TO DRIVERS ALREADY.
COMPETITOR LYFT WILL BE 
UNVEILING SIMILAR RULES IN 
COMING WEEKS.
FOR BUDIMANTO, NOT MUCH CHANGES.
HIS WIFE, WHO STOPPED DRIVING 
FOR UBER WEEKS AGO OVER COVID 
CONCERNS, MADE SURE HE WAS 
PROTECTED FROM THE BEGINNING.
>> I WAS THE ONE WHO ASKED HIM 
TO WEAR THE MASK AND THE RUBBER 
GLOVES AND THE HAND SANITIZER.
>> Reporter: THAT'S GIVEN THEM 
AT LEAST SOME PEACE OF MIND.
ELLEN MAURO, CBC NEWS, TORONTO.
>> Andrew: WELL, TURNING TO 
OTHER NEWS, A 12-YEAR-OLD IS 
PRESUMED DEAD AFTER AN EXPLOSION
AND FIRE AT HIS MARKHAM, ONTARIO
HOME.
>> HE WAS, LIKE, A REALLY QUIET,
BRIGHT KID, VERY SMART. 
>> Andrew: SEARCH TEAMS CONTINUE
TO LOOK FOR THE BODY OF ARAN 
HAMID, BELIEVED TO BE IN THE 
BASEMENT.
THE BOY'S MOTHER AND TWO 
BROTHERS WERE TAKEN TO HOSPITAL 
IN CRITICAL CONDITION SUNDAY 
MORNING.
THE FATHER WASN'T HOME AT THE 
TIME OF THE FIRE, BUT TODAY 
LOOKED ON AS CREWS SEARCHED THE 
HOME.
IT'S NOT CLEAR WHAT CAUSED THE 
EXPLOSION.
>>> AND ANOTHER POTENTIAL HURDLE
FOR THE LONG-STALLED KEYSTONE XL
PIPELINE EXPANSION.
U.S. PRESIDENTIAL HOPEFUL JOE 
BIDEN SAYS HE WOULD REVOKE 
CONSTRUCTION PERMITS IF ELECTED 
IN THE FALL.
THE PROJECT WOULD CARRY MORE 
THAN 800,000 BARRELS OF ALBERTA 
CRUDE TO NEBRASKA DAILY.
CALGARY-BASED TC ENERGY BEGAN 
CONSTRUCTION IN APRIL.
>>> AFTER A PUSH TO REOPEN, 
SCHOOLS IN CHINA ARE BACK IN 
SESSION.
UP NEXT, HOW GOVERNMENTS ACROSS 
ASIA ARE FIGURING OUT HOW TO GET
KIDS BACK IN CLASSES SAFELY.
>>> AND WHAT WOULD IT TAKE FOR 
YOU TO FEEL SAFE AT AN AIRPORT?
FROM DISINFECTANT SPRAY TO UV 
LIGHTS, WE'LL GIVE YOU AN INSIDE
LOOK AT THE FUTURE OF AIR 
TRAVEL.
>>> PLUS . . . 
>> THERE SHOULD BE NO GUILT 
AROUND THIS.
WE'RE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER. 
>> Andrew: IF YOU'RE LEANING ON 
SCREENS TO HELP WITH THE KIDS 
THESE DAYS, YOU ARE NOT ALONE.
AND WE'VE GOT GOOD NEWS.
WE'RE BACK IN TWO.
>> Andrew: WELCOME BACK.
BRAZIL HAS QUICKLY BECOME THE 
WORLD'S FASTEST-GROWING 
CORONAVIRUS HOTSPOT.
THE COUNTRY NOW HAS THE 
THIRD-HIGHEST NUMBER OF 
INFECTIONS AS IT SURPASSED 
254,000 CONFIRMED CASES TODAY.
NEARLY 17,000 PEOPLE HAVE DIED.
OFFICIALS SAY HOSPITALS IN SAO 
PAULO ARE NEAR CAPACITY AND 
COULD RUN OUT OF SPACE IN A 
MATTER OF WEEKS.
>>> MEANWHILE, SELECT SHOPS AND 
RESTAURANTS IN ITALY OPENED 
THEIR DOORS FOR THE FIRST TIME 
IN MORE THAN TWO MONTHS TODAY AS
ONE OF EUROPE'S WORST-HIT 
COUNTRIES BEGINS TO EASE ITS 
LOCKDOWN RESTRICTIONS.
THIS COMES AS THE COUNTRY 
RECORDED 145 VIRUS-RELATED 
DEATHS ON SUNDAY, THE LOWEST 
SINCE RESTRICTIONS WERE IMPOSED.
>>> NOW IN ASIA WHERE THE 
PANDEMIC HIT FIRST, COUNTRIES 
ARE ALSO EMERGING FROM 
LOCKDOWNS.
RUSH HOUR RETURNED TO BANGKOK 
THIS MORNING, AND THE BUS 
TERMINAL RESUMED OPERATIONS TWO 
MONTHS AFTER TRAVEL BETWEEN 
PROVINCES AND THAILAND WAS CUT 
OFF.
IN JAPAN, THE DOORS SWUNG OPEN 
FOR ONE OF TOKYO'S BIGGEST 
DEPARTMENT STORES, BUT WITH NEW 
PRECAUTIONS IN PLACE.
AND IN SINGAPORE, WHERE MASKS 
ARE MANDATORY IN PUBLIC, A 
NETWORK OF VENDING MACHINES IS 
BEING DEPLOYED.
THE COMPANY SAYS THE FIRST 5 
MILLION MASKS WILL BE FREE.
>>> NOW THE REOPENING OF SCHOOLS
IS TRICKIER.
HOW DO YOU KEEP STUDENTS SAFE 
AND ENGAGED IN LEARNING AT THE 
SAME TIME?
AS THE CBC'S ASIA CORRESPONDENT 
SASA PETRICIC SHOWS US, YOU CAN 
FIND A MIX OF STRATEGIES THERE.
>> Reporter: THEY SPRAY 
SANITIZER AND HOPE FOR A RETURN 
TO ROUTINE.
THAT WAS THE PLAN IN SEOUL WHERE
SCHOOLS WERE SUPPOSED TO REOPEN 
LAST WEEK.
UNTIL OFFICIALS PUT THOSE PLANS 
ON HOLD BECAUSE OF A NEW CLUSTER
OF INFECTED YOUNG PEOPLE.
MORE THAN 100.
IN CHINA, THEY'VE GONE THE OTHER
WAY, DONNING MASKS AND FILLING 
CLASSES, EVEN AS THEY TACKLE 
SPORADIC OUTBREAKS.
THE RISK IS HIGH, SAYS THIS 
PRINCIPAL.
AND SOMETIMES SAFEGUARDS GET IN 
THE WAY OF LEARNING, LIKE IN 
THIS BEIJING SCHOOL WHERE 
DISTANCING MEANS HALF OF EACH 
CLASS WATCHES THE TEACHER ON A 
MONITOR, LEAVING THIS STUDENT 
DISTRACTED.
>> MANY OF THE STUDENTS 
[INDISCERNIBLE] AND BEHIND ME AT
LEAST ALL THE TIME.
>> Reporter: THE POLITICAL PUSH 
TO REOPEN CHINA'S SCHOOLS IS 
STRONG, BUT IN THE REST OF THE 
REGION, THINGS ARE MOVING MUCH 
MORE SLOWLY.
IN HONG KONG, STUDENTS WON'T BE 
GOING BACK UNTIL AT LEAST THE 
END OF THE MONTH, AND HERE IN 
JAPAN, SCHOOLS ARE STILL LARGELY
SHUDDERED.
THE PLAN TO REOPEN THEM, STILL 
BEING WRITTEN.
>>[SPEAKING ALTERNATE LANGUAGE]
>> Reporter: A COUPLE OF 
JAPANESE SCHOOL BOARDS DID OPEN,
MAKING NEWS.
SOME PARENTS KEPT THEIR CHILDREN
AT HOME IN FEAR, BUT OFFICIALS 
SAY A DELICATE BALANCE WAS 
STRUCK AT SCHOOL.
PROTECTING STUDENTS' LIVES IS A 
TOP PRIORITY, HE SAYS, BUT WE 
ALSO HAVE TO LET THEM LEARN.
STILL, ONE CANADIAN EXPERT SAYS 
NONE OF THESE JURISDICTIONS 
SEEMS TO BE PROVIDING THE 
COUNSELLING SCHOOLS NEED, AT 
LEAST SIX WEEKS' WORTH.
>> PREPARING FOR THE SOCIAL AND 
EMOTIONAL ISSUES OF RETURNING TO
SCHOOL.
TEACHERS HAVE UNDERGONE 
TREMENDOUS STRESS REGARDING 
WHAT'S BEEN EXPECTED OF THEM.
STUDENTS HAVE ALSO BEEN PLACED 
IN A VERY DIFFICULT SPOT.
>> Reporter: INDEED, IN THIS 
PART OF THE WORLD, THE FOCUS SO 
FAR IS ON PHYSICAL SAFETY, NOT 
MENTAL HEALTH.
SASA PETRICIC, CBC NEWS, TOKYO.
>> Andrew: WELL, UP NEXT ON "THE
NATIONAL," OUR REGULAR PANEL OF 
DOCTORS IS HERE.
TONIGHT, WHAT THEY THINK COULD 
STILL CHANGE AS THE PANDEMIC 
UNFOLDS.
PLUS . . . 
>> IT'S NOT ENOUGH WITH THE 
PANDEMIC THAT PASSENGERS SEE A 
CLEAN AIRPORT.
THEY NEED TO KNOW IT'S CLEAN.
>> Andrew: THE FUTURE OF AIR 
TRAVEL.
WHAT NEEDS TO CHANGE TO GET 
*
>> Andrew: WELCOME BACK.
ON THIS HOLIDAY MONDAY, WE ARE 
TAKING STOCK OF THIS COVID 
CRISIS A LITTLE DIFFERENTLY THAN
WE USUALLY DO, AND WE'RE GOING 
TO FOCUS ON THREE THINGS: WHAT 
WE KNOW TO BE TRUE, WHAT SOUNDS 
TRUE BUT PROBABLY ISN'T, AND 
WHAT MAY BE TRUE TODAY BUT MAY 
NOT BE IN THE END.
JOINING ME WITH THEIR INSIGHT 
AND UNDERSTANDING, INFECTIOUS 
DISEASES SPECIALIST DR. LYNORA 
SAXINGER AND DR. ISAAC BOGOCH.
HELLO TO THE TWO OF YOU.
AND DR. BOGOCH, START US OFF ON 
THAT FIRST QUESTION, WHAT WE 
KNOW TO BE TRUE AT THIS POINT.
>> CERTAINLY AT THIS POINT IN 
TIME WE KNOW THAT THIS VIRUS IS 
DEADLY IN THE ELDERLY.
THERE'S JUST AMPLE DATA 
SUPPORTING THIS.
WE'VE SEEN THIS IN MULTIPLE 
COUNTRIES.
WE'VE SEEN THIS FROM THE VERY 
BEGINNING OF THE EPIDEMIC.
WE SEE THIS NOW IN CANADA.
CURRENTLY BETWEEN 80 TO 90% OF 
THE DEATHS IN CANADA ARE IN 
THOSE OVER THE AGE OF 60 AND 
PEOPLE IN THE AGE RANGE OF 80 
PLUS ARE EVEN MORE 
DISPROPORTIONATELY AFFECTED BY 
THIS VIRUS.
SO THAT'S CERTAINLY SOMETHING 
WE KNOW TO BE TRUE. 
>> Andrew: AND WE HAVE TALKED 
ABOUT ALL THE WAYS WE CAN 
PROTECT OURSELVES, HAND HYGIENE,
NOT TOUCHING YOUR FACE.
DR. SAXINGER, WHAT ELSE COMES TO
MIND FOR YOU?
>> FOR THE THINGS WE KNOW TO BE 
TRUE, I THINK IT'S BECOMING 
CLEARER THAT THIS IS A VIRUS 
TRANSMITTED MOST COMMONLY BY 
CLOSED CONTACT, OFTEN INDOORS, 
SO WE ARE FACE TO FACE WITH A 
PERSON WHO HAS INFECTION, AND 
THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONS 
INVOLVE HOUSEHOLD TRANSMISSION, 
AND SO I THINK THAT'S PROVIDING 
US SOME REASSURANCE ABOUT WAYS 
WE MIGHT REDUCE SPREAD AS WE 
MOVE FORWARD, BUT ALSO AREAS 
THAT WE MIGHT NEED TO FOCUS ON 
IN PREVENTING SPREAD FOR PEOPLE 
WHO HAVE TO BE INDOORS AND IN 
CLOSE CONTACT WITH OTHER PEOPLE.
>> Andrew: RIGHT.
>> SUCH AS PEOPLE WHO WORK IN 
FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES AND 
THE LIKE.
>> Andrew: AND THAT'S BEEN SUCH 
AN IMPORTANT QUESTION, BECAUSE 
WE'VE GOTTEN SO MANY QUESTIONS 
FROM PEOPLE WONDERING CAN I GET 
SICK BY PASSING SOMEONE, YOU 
KNOW, IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 
STREET, THAT SORT OF THING, AND 
IT SEEMS LIKE UNIVERSALLY THE 
ANSWER TO THAT IS PROBABLY NOT.
>> YES, I THINK THAT THAT IS 
STILL THE CASE ANYWAY.
>> Andrew: DR. BOGOCH, WHAT 
ABOUT THINGS LIKE SOUND TRUE, 
SOUND PLAUSIBLE, BUT AREN'T?
>> YEAH, I THINK A NEAT WAY TO 
FOCUS ON THIS ONE IS WITH THE 
DRUGS THAT ARE USING OR MAY BE 
USING TO TREAT THIS INFECTION.
OF COURSE WE'VE HEARD OF LOTS OF
DIFFERENT DRUGS, 
HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE, REMDESIVIR, 
THE LIST GOES ON AND ON AND ON.
MANY OF THESE DRUGS HAVE BEEN 
TOUTED TO BE MIRACLE CURES OR 
CERTAINLY GOING TO WORK, AND 
WE'RE SITTING ON THE CUSP OF 
HAVING THE RESULTS OF MANY LARGE
CLINICAL TRIALS THAT THE RESULTS
ARE GOING TO BE AVAILABLE VERY 
SOON, AND WE'RE GOING TO SEE 
SHORTLY THAT SOME OF THESE DRUGS
INDEED WILL BE VERY HELPFUL IN 
TREATING SICK PEOPLE WITH 
COVID-19 INFECTIONS, BUT I THINK
WE'RE ALSO GOING TO SEE THAT 
SOME DRUGS ARE NOT GOING TO BE 
EFFECTIVE WHATSOEVER.
SO MAYBE SOME DRUGS THAT WERE 
TOUTED TO BE FANTASTIC TIERS, 
THEY MAY NOT PAN OUT TO BE SO.
>> Andrew: AND DR. SAXINGER, 
THINGS THAT SOUND TRUE BUT 
PROBABLY AREN'T TRUE?
>> I WAS KIND OF STICKING WITH 
THE TRANSMISSION THEME I HAD 
STARTED WITH, BECAUSE I'M 
NOTICING PEOPLE ARE STILL VERY 
CONCERNED ABOUT AIRBORNE 
TRANSMISSION, OR AEROSOL 
TRANSMISSION.
AND THERE ARE A NUMBER OF LINES 
OF EVIDENCE THAT PEOPLE POINT TO
SUGGESTING THAT MIGHT BE A BIG 
DEAL AND THAT WOULD CHANGE OUR 
UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE, 
BUT AS WE ACTUALLY LOOK AT THE 
REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE TO KIND OF
COUNTERPOINT SOME OF THE 
DATA-BASED OR AIR FLOW-BASED 
TYPE STUDIES, IT REALLY LOOKS 
LIKE THE REAL-WORLD EXPERIENCE 
IS NOT SHOWING THAT TO BE A 
MAJOR MODE OF TRANSMISSION, SO 
THERE'S SOME EVIDENCE THAT LOOKS
COMPELLING, BUT I'M STILL 
THINKING IT'S NOT GOING TO TURN 
OUT TO BE HIGHLY LIKELY TO BE A 
MAJOR AIRBORNE-SPREAD VIRUS. 
>> Andrew: THAT'S BEEN A BIG ONE
THAT WE'VE BEEN GETTING AN AWFUL
LOT OF QUESTIONS ABOUT.
DR. BOGOCH, THIS LAST QUESTION 
OF THINGS PERHAPS THAT MAY BE 
TRUE TODAY BUT ARE SUBJECT TO 
CHANGE.
>> YEAH, I MEAN, I'M REALLY 
INTERESTED TO WATCH HOW THIS 
PANS OUT.
I'M THINKING ABOUT THE TRUE ROLE
OF ASYMPTOMATIC PEOPLE.
NOW WE KNOW THAT ASYMPTOMATIC 
PEOPLE CAN GET THIS INFECTION, 
BUT WHAT WE DON'T KNOW, REALLY, 
IS WHAT THE TRUE ROLE OF 
ASYMPTOMATIC PEOPLE IN 
TRANSMITTING THIS INFECTION.
AND THE PROBLEM WITH THIS IS WE 
COUNT ASYMPTOMATIC PEOPLE AS 
PEOPLE WHO TRULY HAVE NO 
SYMPTOMS THROUGHOUT THE WHOLE 
COURSE OF THEIR ILLNESS, PEOPLE 
WHO MIGHT HAVE MILD SYMPTOMS ARE
MISCLASSIFIED AS ASYMPTOMATIC A 
LOT OF THE TIME, AND THEN 
THERE'S PEOPLE WHO WE CALL 
PRE-SYMPTOMATIC, MEANING THEY 
HAVE NO SYMPTOMS FOR THE FIRST 
COUPLE OF DAYS, BUT THEN THEY GO
ON TO DEVELOP SYMPTOMS OF 
COVID-19 INFECTION, AND THE 
PROBLEM IS ALL THESE THREE 
GROUPS OF PEOPLE ARE SORT OF 
COLLAPSED INTO ONE IN MANY 
INSTANCES AND CALLED 
ASYMPTOMATIC.
IT'S IMPORTANT TO TEASE THESE 
APART AND TO SEE WHAT THE TRUE 
ROLE IS OF EACH ONE OF THOSE 
THREE GROUPS IS IN TRANSMITTING 
THIS INFECTION.
SO WE ALL CALL THIS ASYMPTOMATIC
NOW, BUT IT MIGHT NOT ACTUALLY 
BE THE CASE.
WE JUST NEED TO SEE AND LOOK 
INTO THIS A LITTLE BIT FURTHER 
TO SEE WHAT EACH GROUP, HOW EACH
GROUP PLAYS IN THE TRANSMISSION 
OF THIS INFECTION.
>> Andrew: ALL RIGHT, AND 
DR. SAXINGER, 
SO MUCH OF THE INFORMATION IS 
FLUID AND THE INTAKE IS FLUID 
THESE DAYS,
WHAT'S YOUR TAKE ON THIS LAST 
QUESTION?
>> WELL, SOMETHING THAT 
INTERESTS ME JUST NOW IS THE 
ROLE OF NON-HUMANS IN 
TRANSMITTING AS WELL.
WE'VE SEEN SOME [INDISCERNIBLE] 
YOU COULD ISOLATE VIRUS FROM 
ANIMALS AND THAT MAYBE SOME 
ANIMALS MIGHT TRANSMIT TO OTHER 
ANIMALS, AND THERE'S A 
PROPORTION OF CASES IN WHICH WE 
DON'T KNOW HOW THE INFECTION WAS
TRANSMITTED JUST BECAUSE WE HAVE
INCOMPLETE EPIDEMIOLOGIC CONTACT
TRACING DATA.
SO I THINK SOMETHING TO KIND OF 
JUST KEEP HALF AN EYE ON WOULD 
BE THE ROLE OF ANIMALS IN 
TRANSMITTING INFECTION, BECAUSE 
THAT MIGHT DICTATE TO SOME 
EXTENT HOW CLOSE PEOPLE WILL GET
TO THEIR PETS, NOSE TO NOSE, 
ET CETERA.
I DON'T THINK THAT THIS IS GOING
TO CHANGE THE WAY THAT WE 
INTERACT WITH OUR FURRY FRIENDS,
NECESSARILY, BUT I THINK IT'S 
SOMETHING TO KEEP AN EYE ON IN 
TERMS OF WHETHER THIS TURNS OUT 
TO BE AN ACTUAL CONCERN OR NOT.
>> Andrew: HMM.
DOCTORS, I ALWAYS LOVE LEARNING 
FROM YOU.
DR. SAXINGER, DR. BOGOCH, THANKS
SO MUCH.
>> ANY TIME. 
>> THANK YOU.
>> Andrew: NOW, AS YOU KNOW, WE 
ARE ASKING YOUR COVID-19 
QUESTIONS EVERY NIGHT, AND 
TOMORROW WE'RE GOING TO FOCUS ON
HOW IT MIGHT BE AFFECTING THE 
ENVIRONMENT.
ARE GLOBAL EMISSIONS GOING DOWN 
BECAUSE WE'RE STAYING AT HOME, 
OR ARE ANIMALS CHANGING THEIR 
BEHAVIOUR?
SEND US YOUR QUESTIONS ALONG 
THOSE LINES.
YOU CAN MESSAGE US DIRECTLY ON 
INSTAGRAM AT @CBCTHENATIONAL OR 
SEND US AN EMAIL AT 
THENATIONAL@cbc.ca.
>>> NOW WE'VE BEEN ASKING 
CANADIANS FROM COAST TO COAST TO
COAST TO SHARE THEIR STORIES 
WITH US IN A SEGMENT CALLED THE 
PANDEMIC DIARY.
TONIGHT MEET JAMES SHARMAN WHO 
WAS ON THE VERGE OF LAUNCHING 
HIS BUSINESS WHEN EVERYTHING 
CHANGED. 
>> HELLO, I AM JAMES SHARMAN AND
I OWN WITH MY WIFE OWN SHARMAN'S
PROPER PIES HERE IN TORONTO.
WE WERE REALLY CLOSE TO BEING 
50% FRONT OF THE HOUSE, 50% 
ONLINE DELIVERY SERVICE.
THE PLAN WAS TO OPEN IT AROUND 
MID MARCH, BUT WHEN THE PANDEMIC
HIT [INDISCERNIBLE] 100% ONLINE 
SUBSCRIPTIONS.
IT'S BEEN QUITE A JOURNEY SO 
FAR.
WE ARE WORKING 12-HOUR DAYS, MY 
WIFE, MYSELF, A COUPLE OF 
PART-TIME STAFF MEMBERS AS WELL.
OUR DAUGHTER JOSEPHINE IS 
PUTTING STICKERS ON BAGS.
THERE HAVE BEEN TIMES WHEN WE 
THOUGHT, MAN, WHAT ARE WE DOING,
BUT WE GOT THIS THING OFF THE 
GROUND, AND THE RESPONSE HAS 
BEEN OVERWHELMING.
I MUST ADMIT THAT GIVEN HOW 
ONLINE BUSINESS IS THRIVING 
RIGHT NOW, WE HAVE WONDERED, 
WELL, WHAT OF THE STOREFRONT?
DO WE NEED THE STOREFRONT?
THE ECONOMY WILL BOUNCE BACK, 
AND I FEEL TOO [INDISCERNIBLE] I
LOOK FORWARD TO SEEING WHAT 
[INDISCERNIBLE].
>> Andrew: NEXT ON "THE 
NATIONAL," KEEPING AIR TRAVEL 
CLEAN.
SUSAN ORMISTON GIVES US A LOOK 
AT THE NEW TECH THAT COULD BE 
DEPLOYED TO KEEP VIRUSES OUT OF 
THE SKY.
>>> PLUS, ARE YOU HAVING TROUBLE
KEEPING YOUR KIDS OFF SCREENS 
THESE DAYS?
>> Andrew: COVID-19 IS CRIPPLING
THE GLOBAL AIRLINE INDUSTRY.
JUST A FEW MONTHS AFTER TRAVEL 
RESTRICTIONS WERE SUDDENLY 
SLAPPED DOWN ALL OVER THE WORLD,
WE HEARD LAST WEEK THAT AIR 
CANADA IS LAYING OFF HALF ITS 
WORKFORCE.
THAT'S ABOUT 20,000 PEOPLE, AND 
WESTJET IS EXTENDING ITS FLIGHT 
CANCELLATIONS INTO JULY.
NOW HOW THE INDUSTRY WILL 
RECOVER FROM ALL OF THIS IS 
UNCLEAR, BUT AS THE CBC'S SUSAN 
ORMISTON SHOWS US, POST-PANDEMIC
AIRLINE TRAVEL WILL NEVER BE THE
SAME.
>> Reporter: OPEN SKIES, BUT 
FRIGHTENED FLYERS.
THE FUTURE OF FLYING HAS TO BE 
RADICALLY DIFFERENT.
JUST LOOK AT D.C.'S REAGAN 
NATIONAL ON A WEEKDAY MORNING.
MORE CLEANERS AND STAFF THAN 
PASSENGERS.
AIRPORT RESTAURANTS DARK.
AVIATION HAS TAKEN A PUNCH TO 
THE GUT.
>> IT IS UNLIKE ANYTHING WE'VE 
EVER SEEN.
OUR AIRPORTS ARE EMPTY.
THE REVENUE HAS ALMOST 
COMPLETELY STOPPED, AND WE DON'T
KNOW WHEN IT'S COMING BACK.
>> Reporter: AN INTERNATIONAL 
STUDENT WHOSE VISA IS RUNNING 
OUT HAS TO FLY HOME TODAY TO 
CHINA.
IF YOU DIDN'T HAVE TO FLY TODAY,
WOULD YOU BE GETTING ON A PLANE?
>> MAYBE NO.
I WOULD STAY AT HOME AND DON'T 
GO OUT.
>> Reporter: FLYING NOW IS 
ALMOST LONELY.
TRY TO IMAGINE WHEN, IF MILLIONS
OF PASSENGERS, HAVE TO GO 
THROUGH SECURITY AGAIN.
>> THE SPATIAL DISTANCING OF 
ABOUT 2 METRES BETWEEN 
PASSENGERS, IT TAKES ABOUT 350 
METRES JUST TO ACCOMMODATE THE 
SECURITY SCREENING LINE FOR ONE 
WIDE-BODIED AIRCRAFT.
>> Reporter: GET READY FOR MORE 
TOUCHLESS TRAVEL.
THESE KINDS OF KIOSKS MIGHT 
DISAPPEAR OR GET A SANITIZED 
PROTECTIVE COATING.
IN THE FUTURE, YOUR PHONE WILL 
BE EVEN MORE IMPORTANT.
THEY'LL USE BIOMETRICS LIKE 
FACIAL RECOGNITION IN MANY 
PLACES FROM CHECKING TO 
-- CHECK-IN TO BOARDING.
AIRPORTS AND AIRLINES ARE IN A 
DESPERATE RACE TO COME UP WITH A
KIND OF SANITATION SECURITY.
AT HONG KONG AIRPORT, SPRAYING 
ANTIMICROBIAL COATING ON ALL THE
PLACES WE FREQUENTLY TOUCH.
TESTING CLEAN TECH, A BOOTH 
WHICH CHECKS YOUR TEMPERATURE 
AND LIGHTLY SPRAYS YOU WITH 
DISINFECTANT.
CLEANING NOW COULD GO ROBOTIC, 
LIKE AT PITTSBURGH, TRYING OUT 
SCRUBBERS RETROFITTED WITH UVC 
LIGHT. 
>> UV HAS BEEN USED IN HOSPITALS
FOR DECADES AS A WAY TO 
DISINFECT AND CALL 
MICROORGANISMS.
IT'S NOT ENOUGH WITH THE 
PANDEMIC FOR PASSENGERS TO SEE A
CLEAN AIRPORT.
THEY NEED TO KNOW IT'S CLEAN. 
>> Reporter: AIRPORTS MIGHT 
CONSIDER SANITATION PORTALS, 
LIKE THIS ONE USING UVC LIGHT, 
EXPERIMENTAL MEANT TO SAFELY 
KILL VIRUSES ON THE BODY, NOT 
YET F.D.A. APPROVED.
ON THE PLANE, PREPARE FOR FLIGHT
ATTENDANTS IN MASKS OR A VERSION
OF FULL BODY P.P.E.
UNITED AIRLINES WILL USE 
ELECTROSTATIC SPRAY BEFORE EVERY
FLIGHT. 
>> WE HAVE TWEAKED THE ALGORITHM
OF THE SEAT GENERATOR TO 
MAXIMIZE SOCIAL DISTANCING ON 
THE PLANES. 
>> Reporter: BUT THAT PROMISE TO
SPACE OUT PASSENGERS WAS CALLED 
OUT AFTER PICTURES EMERGED OF 
PACKED FLIGHTS.
LOOKING AHEAD, HOW ABOUT A 
PLASTIC SHIELD SEPARATING YOU 
FROM YOUR SEATMATE?
DEVELOPED BY AN ITALIAN DESIGN 
COMPANY.
>> THE SHIELD, A PLASTIC SHIELD,
IS TO BE GIVEN TO THE 
PASSENGERS, SAME AS YOUR PILLOW 
OR EVEN THE BLANKET TO BE PUT ON
AFTER TAKEOFF. 
>> Reporter: SO WHEN YOU 
DESIGNED IT, WHAT WERE YOU 
TRYING TO DO?
>> SAME AS YOUR MASK, TRYING TO 
LIMIT THE [INDISCERNIBLE]
>> Reporter: IT'S PORTABLE, 
COULD BE STORED IN A SANITIZED 
ENVELOPE UNDER THE SEAT.
LONGER TERM, AVIO HAS DESIGNED A
REAR-FACING MIDDLE SEAT FOR 
SANITATION AND PRIVACY.
FOR NOW, MASKS ARE MANDATED IN 
CANADIAN AIRPORTS AND STRONGLY 
URGED ON ALL AIRCRAFT.
SOME COMFORT FOR THE BREWER 
FAMILY, TRAVELLING HOME, WITH 
DAVID STAYING BEHIND TO WORK.
>> THE RISK IS THERE, BUT YOU 
HAVE TO KEEP LIVING LIFE.
WE'RE GOING TO HAVE TO LIVE WITH
THIS FOR A WHILE. 
>> Reporter: AND PERSUADE MORE 
TRAVELLERS THAT FLYING COULD BE 
SAFE AGAIN.
SUSAN ORMISTON, CBC NEWS, 
WASHINGTON.
>> Andrew: WELL, NEXT ON "THE 
NATIONAL," SCREENS FOR SCHOOL 
AND PLAY AS WE WAIT OUT A 
PANDEMIC.
ALL OF IT CAN BE A LITTLE 
WORRYING FOR PARENTS WHO ARE 
TRYING TO KEEP SCREEN TIME TO A 
MINIMUM.
>> AND THEN THE PANDEMIC HIT, 
AND ALL OF A SUDDEN WE'RE, LIKE,
OKAY, NOW WHAT?
RIGHT?
>> Andrew: BUT STICK AROUND.
SOME COMFORTING GUIDANCE FOR 
PARENTS NEXT.UR 
PODCAPODCASTS.
>> Andrew: SELF-ISOLATION AND 
PHYSICAL DISTANCING HAVE 
INSPIRED CREATIVITY IN SOME 
FAMILIES, LIKE THIS RECREATION 
OF THE SIMPSON'S OPENING THEME.
*
THIS FAMILY REIMAGINED THE 
LYRICS TO THE SONG "ONE DAY 
MORE" FROM LES MISÉRABLES.
*
BUT MANY OTHERS ARE TURNING TO 
SCREENS FOR A LITTLE REPRIEVE.
ONE MOTHER WRITING, GUYS, SCREEN
TIME WAS OUT OF CONTROL 
YESTERDAY.
TODAY WE'RE CUTTING WAY BACK, 10
HOURS MAX.
I CAN RELATE.
THIS PANDEMIC HAS FORCED MANY TO
RE-THINK THE BENEFITS AND HARMS 
OF SCREENS.
WE RELY ON THEM SO MUCH MORE 
THAN WE USED TO, BUT ARE WE 
FALLING INTO BAD HABITS, OR DID 
WE HAVE THE WRONG IDEA ABOUT 
SCREENS ALL ALONG?
>> HE CAUGHT IT.
[LAUGHTER]
>> Reporter: SCREEN TIME PLAYS A
BIG ROLE IN MARYAM SHAHAD'S 
FAMILY.
HER KIDS ARE GROWING UP WITH 
THEM.
THEY ARE EVEN ON THEM.
>> HI, EVERYONE.
>> Reporter: BUT FOUR YEARS AGO,
MARYAM BANNED THEM.
>> THEY WEREN'T INTERESTED IN 
CONVERSATION.
THEY WEREN'T INTERESTED IN GOING
OUTSIDE, AND WHEN WE WERE 
OUTSIDE, THEY WOULD ASK FOR THE 
iPAD. 
>> Andrew: SO THEY WENT COLD 
TURKEY.
>> AND THEN THE PANDEMIC HIT, 
AND ALL OF A SUDDEN WE'RE, LIKE,
OKAY, NOW WHAT?
RIGHT?
>> Andrew: THE REST OF THEIR 
STORY WILL SOUND FAMILIAR.
MOST KIDS THESE DAYS ARE USING 
SCREENS MORE, WHETHER IT'S FOR 
SCHOOLS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, JUST
TO PASS THE TIME.
>> WE LEARN LOTS ABOUT FISH. 
>> Andrew: OR MAYBE PEPPA PIG IS
TAKING UP SOME OF THE PARENTING.
>> I REALLY WANT TO DRIVE HOME 
THE MESSAGE THAT THERE SHOULD BE
NO GUILT AROUND THIS.
WE'RE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER.
>> THERE ARE SO MANY OTHER 
HEALTHY ALTERNATIVES.
>> Andrew: MICHELLE PONTI IS A 
PEDIATRICIAN, BUT SHE ALSO WROTE
THE GUIDELINES ON SCREEN TIME 
FOR THE CANADIAN PEDIATRIC 
SOCIETY. 
>> WHAT ARE THE THINGS PARENTS 
SHOULD BE KEEPING IN MIND OR 
THINK ABOUT?
>> WE NEED SCREENS MORE THAN 
EVER TO HELP US WITH OUR HOME 
SCHOOLING AND KEEPING UP WITH 
THE KIDS' EDUCATION AND ALL 
THOSE EDUCATIONAL TASKS.
ANOTHER PRIORITY WOULD BE ACTIVE
USE OF SCREENS.
SO ACTIVE VIDEO GAMES, AND THEN 
THE OTHER THING IS THE SOCIAL 
USE OF SCREENS, RIGHT?
HOW ARE YOUR TEENS CONNECTING 
THROUGH THIS PANDEMIC?
>> I ONLY NEED ONE FIFTH OF THE 
FORCE TO LIFT THIS CINDERBLOCK.
>> Andrew: BUT WHAT ABOUT VIDEOS
LIKE THIS?
A GOOD REPLACEMENT FOR MOM OR 
DAD DOING THE TEACHING?
>> THE ANSWER IS ABSOLUTELY NOT.
YOU KNOW, WE CAN'T SORT OF KID 
OURSELVES TO THINK THAT, YOU 
KNOW, TURNING ON A VIDEO AND ALL
OF A SUDDEN THIS IS EDUCATIONAL.
>> Andrew: BUT, SAYS DR. PONTI, 
TALKING ABOUT WHAT THEY'VE SEEN 
AND REINFORCING IT CAN MAKE ALL 
THE DIFFERENCE, AND HERE'S WHAT 
TO WATCH FOR TO MAKE SURE YOUR 
FAMILY IS HITTING THE RIGHT 
BALANCE. 
>> A KEY POINT, WHEN SCREEN TIME
BECOMES PROBLEMATIC.
AND THAT IS WHEN IT IS 
INTERFERING WITH THOSE OTHER 
DAILY LIFE THINGS THAT NEED TO 
HAPPEN, RIGHT?
SO AGAIN, GOOD SLEEP, PHYSICAL 
ACTIVITY, GETTING OUTDOORS, 
SOCIALIZING, MEALTIMES.
>> Andrew: BACK IN MARYAM'S 
HOME, SHE'S FOUND WHAT FEELS 
LIKE THE RIGHT BALANCE.
SCREEN TIME THAT HAS TO BE 
EARNED.
>> MY BIGGEST GOAL COMING OUT OF
THIS PANDEMIC IS TO COME OUT 
WITH THE LEAST AMOUNT OF BURNOUT
FOR MYSELF AND MY KIDS, AND I 
FEEL LIKE THE SCREEN TIME, AS 
WEIRD AS IT SOUNDS, IS GIVING US
THAT SPACE THAT WE NEED FROM 
EACH OTHER.
>> Andrew: AND JUST REMEMBER IN 
A PANDEMIC NOBODY'S PERFECT.
>> WE ARE REALLY LOOKING FOR 
JUST PROGRESS AND NOT 
PERFECTION, AND THERE'S ALWAYS 
TOMORROW.
>> Andrew: THE KIDS THERE.
NEXT ON "THE NATIONAL," OUR 
MOMENT, SPECIAL TRIBUTES FOR THE
SNOWBIRDS.
*
JUST ONE OF MANY WAYS PEOPLE ARE
COMMEMORATING THE SNOWBIRDS AND 
CAPTAIN JENN CASEY OUTSIDE 
KAMLOOPS AIRPORT THIS AFTERNOON.
NEXT, A SPECIAL TRIBUTE IN THE 
AIR.
BACK RIGHT AFTER THIS.
>> Andrew: CANADIANS ARE 
MOURNING THE DEATH OF CAPTAIN 
JENNIFER CASEY IN YESTERDAY'S 
SNOWBIRD CRASH, INCLUDING THIS 
GROWING MEMORIAL OUTSIDE THE 
KAMLOOPS AIRPORT.
BUT THE TRIBUTES AREN'T JUST ON 
THE GROUND.
TONIGHT, A NUMBER OF CIVILIAN 
PILOTS ARE TAKING TO THE SKIES 
IN WHAT THEY'RE CALLING 
OPERATION BACKUP INSPIRATION, 
PICKING UP WHERE THE SNOWBIRDS 
LEFT OFF.
WE SPOKE TO ONE OF THEM BEFORE 
TAKEOFF.
THAT IS OUR "MOMENT." 
>> ANY TIME A FELLOW AVIATOR 
DIES IN A PLANE ACCIDENT, IT'S 
ESPECIALLY TRAGIC.
IT SORT OF STARTED ORGANICALLY 
LAST NIGHT, JUST WITH ONE POST 
ON FACEBOOK, TO HONOUR OBVIOUSLY
THE SNOWBIRDS AND WHAT THEY WERE
DOING, AND WE CALL IT OPERATION 
BACKUP INSPIRATION.
IT'S BEEN A TOUGH FEW MONTHS FOR
MANY CANADIANS WITH 
SELF-ISOLATION AND QUARANTINE.
I THINK SEEING THIS FLIGHT 
OVERHEAD WOULD BE AN INSPIRING 
DISPLAY TO CARRY ON THEIR 
MISSION OR TRY TO FINISH UP 
THEIR MISSION.
IF I COULD SPEAK TO JENN'S 
FAMILY AT THIS TIME, I WOULD 
GIVE THEM MY DEEPEST 
CONDOLENCES.
ALL CANADIANS ARE THINKING OF 
THEM AT THIS TIME, AND WE AS A 
GROUP ARE JUST DOING A SMALL 
PART TO TRY TO HONOUR HER AND 
HER FELLOW PILOT.
>> Andrew: THIRTY-FIVE PILOTS 
INVOLVED IN THIS OPERATION, AND 
YOU HEARD JUST A MOMENT AGO HOW 
THIS STARTED JUST AS A NOTION ON
SOCIAL MEDIA, AND THEY ACTUALLY 
HAD 70 PILOTS VOLUNTEER FOR THIS
PARTICULAR MISSION, BUT COULD 
ONLY ACCOMMODATE FOR 35 FOR 
SAFETY REASONS.
EITHER WAY, QUITE A GESTURE FOR 
QUITE A CAPTAIN.
THAT'S "THE NATIONAL" FOR THIS 
MAY 18.
HAVE A GOOD NIGHT.
*
*
*
