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Engineering HSC and IIT-JEE Mains an
advance videos. Hello students today we
are studying chapter genetic basis of
inheritance in that we are studying
topic important terms used in genetics
like genotype phenotype hybrid progeny
now all these terms we come across in
genetics let us study what the stones ah
subtle downs and genetics occur
continuously terms like hybrid
genotype-phenotype frozen in other terms
that every one of us are going to hear
if you study genetics given at lower
levels or at higher levels when we study
the crosses done by Mendel on P plan on
bisonsat Ivan we all will be studying
what is the f1 generation what is the f4
to generation terms like progeny hybrids
so let's try and understand what this
tells me firstly we'll talk about
phenotype
now when I say phenotype the English
word of phenotype could be physical
appearance for example if I see a mango
tree I can say that the phenotype of
mango tree is fun it is really tall
that's phenotype or if I say a rose
plant I can say the phenotype of
Rosalind is shot in bio phenotype is
nothing but the external appearances now
we talked about genotype now is a
genotype it means the genetic makeup of
an organism for example your genotype
cannot be seen by my naked eyes your
genotype would have dominant alleles or
less a7 it's for example I can see the
genotype of a plant only through
microscope not with naked eyes for
example if I notice a mango plant which
is tall enough I can say that the
phenotype of the mango plant is taught
just by looking at my eyes but if I have
to say the genotype which is capital T
capital T that could be only done
microscopy so genotype is nothing but
genetic makeup now people can Han
genotype capital T capital is that is
tall or small T small T wrinkled round
short plants no color of plants that is
capital R capital R small or smaller
now such words when you seen the people
at experiment or experiment on my Mendel
this all genetic make high is a hybrid
hybridizations I found that weak across
or we come across very daily on daily
basis when I say hybridization it means
mixing now hybrid is an organism which
has cost quality
you know typically azimuth
phenotypically of food fling individuals
and these two individuals of parents or
plants a completely different so hybrid
could be called as a mixture
lastly progeny now in normal terms I
would call children or offsprings
but in bio terms we call it progeny now
when two different parents cross or make
in the case of Mendel's free plan that
is if the f1 generation has been crossed
with the f2 generation it will lead to a
production of another generation which
is the f3 generation and this f3
generation is nothing but your progeny
offsprings
or children in normal terms
important terms that has been widely
used in genetics are the first term
hybrid and as a hybrid
it simply means mixture now hybrid is an
organism which is produced after
crossing oregon submitting to
genetically different individuals for
example if I cross around wrinkled pea
with an oval and concave pea or cancer
correct P that will produce an f3
protein which could be an hybrid
containing the dominant traits
next is genotype and I talked about
genotype it is nothing but genetic
makeup
the internal structure which cannot be
seen with naked eyes now the genetic
makeup of an organism is genotypes for
example the genotype of a hybrid power
plant is known as a hybrid it has to be
mixture its capital T and small T the
genotype of a pure power plant which was
purely homozygous is capital T and
capital T whereas of a dog plant and
that is pure love friend it is small T
small T
let's talk about phenotype
now when I say phenotype it was nothing
but external appearances now phenotype
is an external appearance of an organism
if you know that basically stands for
the plant it is for example the genetic
makeup offered of like a small T small T
then it's phenotype look or the way it
looks to humanize is that the plant will
be dot or short hydron lastly Rajini and
I know what progeny all of springs of
parents constitutes of progeny or you
can say daughters or children are found
as progeny cells
students are this words those are the
words that you will always hear in this
chapter one is homozygous and another
one is heterozygous we should be
studying now whenever Mendel crushed his
friends whether it was dominant
whether it was recessive in every
generation he called different hybrid
plants and the progeny is quite
different
now what was observed in all the cases
the stats that the f1 generation and the
f2 generation always had different
proteins
similarly the genotypic makeup and the
phenotypic makeup of no two different
generation were the same hybrids were
produced and this hybrids were self
pollinated just to see the different
permutation and combination that could
be observed students I hope yeah clear
with this concept of hybrid phenotype
genotype and protein thank you
