Hi
Warm Greetings from Turkey.
We will study, whole Turkish History in this
video series.
My friends,
Today we are studying Turkish history before
Islam.
We will study, very begining of Turkish History.
We will talk about central asia, homeland
of Turks.
We will learn, Uigur Turks, Oguz Turks, Karluks,
Avars, Caspians, Hungarians, Bugarians, etc.
You can ask your questions at comment box,
after that video lesson of Turkish history.
I will try to anwer all questions.
Thank you.
Ok
Let’s begin
Turkish History Before Islam
Turkish History Before Islam, Part 2.
(Uighurs, Hazars, Avars, Other Turkish
States)
The first Uighur cave, Kutluk Bilge Kül, who founded the capital ""Ordu-balık" city on the banks of the Orhun River, died in 747 after a two-year reign.
Other capital cities are " Ötüken" and ""Karabalgasun"
*Uighurs (744 - 840)
In the last days of Göktürk State, Karluk
and Basmiller united and ended Göktürk State
and established their own states.
• The centers are Ötüken.
Kutluk Bilge Kül Kağan moved to the capital,
Ordubalık (Karabalgasun) city.
• Mooyen - Cir (Female - Cir); Kyrgyz, Karluk,
Turgish, Basmil Turks connected to itself,
the most brilliant period of the state has
experienced.
• Mooyen - During the period of the Ch'or
there were revolts in China due to the Chip
Wars.
The Chinese Emperor, Moon-Chur, asked for
help and the close relations between China
and China were established.
• Many of China's cities were occupied during
the period of the Kagan Kagan.
• Manihaism entered the country during this
period.
• The Knight Kagan accepted Manihaism and
built a temple in Karabalagh.
• During his time, Mani religion became
official religion, but this religion was accepted
more and more in the vicinity of Kagan.
• Baga Tarkan, who became the head of the
state after the break-ins of Kağan, and the
state were weakened by the effects of scarcity
and epidemics in the period of later Kagan.
• Uighurs whose existence was abolished
by the Kyrgyz Turks in 840; Yellow (Kansu)
Uighurs and Turfan Uighurs.
• The Yellow Uighurs have established commercial
relations with China.
• The state, which was not so strong, accepted
the sovereignty of the Mongols in 1226.
• The Turfan Uighurs took part in the state
level of the Mongols and contributed to the
influence of this community on Turkish culture.
Place and importance of Uighurs in Turkish
History
• The resident is the first Turkish community
that has passed the test.
• Uighurs, Manihaism and Buddhism are my
beliefs.
They built stupa and pagoda temples belonging
to these religions.
• The most important temples are the Temple
of Hacho (Koço).
• Cave temples are famous.
The most distinguished examples of this style
are the temples of temples.
The walls of these temples are equipped with
religious frescoes.
For this reason, these kinds of paintings
have been named as decorations.
With the influence of these beliefs, Uighurs
have lost their warrior aspects.
The Uyghurs have embraced the belief in Manihaism,
which prohibits eating meat, preparing for
agriculture and settled living.
With the influence of Manihaism, they gave
the titles "Aytengri" and "Kün" to their
rulers.
• They founded the first cities of Turkish
history (Beşbalık, Ordubalık, Turfan, Karaşar).
• They formed their own Uighur alphabet.
• The Uighur alphabet is influenced by the
Sogd alphabet.
• They built the first architectural works
in Turkish history.
• They developed paper and printing paper
(moving letter system) they learned from China.
Manihaism beliefs have been used in Turkic
terms.
This is a sign that Uighurs have a national
identity.
They became one of the most influential Turks
in the Mongols.
They developed miniature art.
The epics of “Migration” and “Türeyis”
are important verbal literary works belonging
to Uighurs.
The Karabalgasun and Sine-Uchi inscriptions
and the Mooyan Çur Monument are important
literary works of Uygurs.
For the first time they brought the Turkish
customs in writing.
Uighurs staging the middle game laid the foundations
of the Turkish theater.
They applied the flower vaccine.
They set up the first Turkish libraries and
they started the training for the first time
in Turks.
They used a certain system of money and measure
to buy and sell and to buy and sell.
The repayment of interest payments constitutes
the basis of the first banking in Turks.
The definitive proof of settled life:
• Agricultural activities
• Seed wheat holdings
• Wall paintings (frescoes)
• Architectural works
*Avars
• This tribe, which is called as Avar in
Juan - Juan, Arab and Byzantine sources in
Chinese sources, is called Apar in Göktürk
sources.
• Avar, which emerged after the collapse
of the Asian Hun State, established a state
in Mongolia.
• Göktürk left Central Asia by pressure
and settled in Hungary in 562 and set up a
great state.
Having formed a business alliance with the
Sassanids in Istanbul, Avarlar, who was the
first Turkish state besieged in 619 and 626,
was in combat with Bi-zans.
They surrounded Istanbul during the Ms. Han
period.
They influenced the organization of the Slavic
communities.
They are known as the first user to use it.
Those who abandon the belief in heavenly God
have not adopted Christianity, and have lost
their national identity over time, and are
Slavic.
As a result of the struggles with the franks,
their state was destroyed (805).
*Karluk
• Karluks, who live in the western part
of the Altai Mountains due to Göktürks,
frequently rebelled against this state.
• They were effective in the destruction
of Göktürk.
• They ended Turgis in 766, they established
a state around the Talas River.
• Muslim Arabs supported the Chinese against
the Chip Wars.
Thus, they have been effective in keeping
Central Asia in Turkish domination.
• It is the first Turkish community to accept
Islam.
• The active role in the establishment of
the Karahans in the Xth century is vote-honor.
• Urbanization started with Uighurs continued
with Karluks.
• In 1221 they entered the Mongol domination.
• The first Muslim Turkish boy to obey Genghis
Khan.
The first Turkish community to adopt Islam
Karluks are one of the founding elements of
the Karahans, the first Turkish - Islamic
state established in Central Asia.
*Kyrgyz
• The Kyrgyz, who entered the Orhun region
and destroyed the Uyghur State, established
a state centered on Ötüken (840).
• They were removed by the Kitans from the
Orhun region shortly afterwards.
Thus, the Orhun region emerged from being
a Turkish citizen and became a region of Mongolia.
• In 1207, the Mongol ruler, Genghis Khan,
entered the Mongol domination with the Kyrgyz
domination.
• XIX.
The Kyrgyz people who recognized the Russian
sovereignty in the 19th century founded the
Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the capital of Bishkek,
after the dissolution of the Soviet Union
in 1991.
• The most famous works of Manas Epic.
Dastan has the feature of being the longest
oral literary artifact.
• Yenisey Inscriptions are also the most
important written literary works.
• The Orkhun Inscriptions belonging to Göktürk
also have information about the Kyrgyz.
*CASPIAN's
• They were founded in 630 around Lake Hazar
after the collapse of I. Göktürk State.
• They have had political and commercial
relations with the Khazars, Byzantines, Sassanis
and Muslim Arabs.
• In the Byzantine-Sasani struggle, they
played a role in the weakening of the Sassanites
by holding the Byzantine side.
• Sasaniler Hz.
With the demolition of the Omer Period, Iran
has been hit by Muslims and Muslims have been
confronted by the Khazars.
• Hz.
During the Umayyad period, the Khazars, who
waged war with Muslims in the Ottoman period,
also stopped Islamic progress in the Caucasus
region.
It is the first Turkish state to fight Islamic
armies.
The executive staff has adopted Judaism.
However, there are also people who believe
in other religions in the society.
This can be shown as evidence for an understanding
of tolerance.
It is the first Khazar Khan Bulan Khan who
accepted Judaism.
• Another important evidence of a religious
tolerance in the Caspian country is the presence
of a judicial council composed of the Muslims,
Christians, and Shamans in the community.
• At the head of the Muslims, the person
appointed by the hakan is called pleasure.
• The tolerance environment provided in
the Caspian country has caused the Panhazaria
(the Caspian Union) to be called.
• The Khazars have influenced Russian principals
in terms of state and military organization.
• The Hazar State, weakened by the Pechenek
raids from the Xth century, was destroyed
by Russian Knezi.
• The only Turkish state to have paid soldiers
in the army before Islam was the Khazars.
İbn Havkal's travels are mentioned in Hazars
*Pecheneks
• The state is a Turkish community that
has failed.
• The Pechenics living under the Göktürk
State in the vicinity of Lake Balkaş migrated
to the west from the Chip War and settled
in the Volga.
• The Pechenegs, who settled in the north
of the Black Sea in this area, the cold of
the Khazars and the Oghuzs, prevented them
from going south by fighting with the Russians.
The Pechenegs paid military service to the
Byzantine army.
• XI.
They came to the Balkans because of the attack
of the Oghuzes in the century.
• The Byzantines wanted to send the Pechenches
to the Seljuks against Anatolia but they did
not succeed.
• In the battle of Malazgirt in 1071 between
the Great Seljuk State and Byzantium, the
Seljuks were influenced by the passing of
the Seljuks.
• They allied themselves with Chaka and
the Seljuks and put the Byzantine under pressure.
• Political assets were abolished as a result
of the war with the Kipchaks provoked by Byzantium
(1091).
• It is suggested that Nagy Szent Miklos
had belonged to the Pechenk.
*OGUZLAR (UZLAR)
• Oğuzlar foreshore in Orhun and Selenga
regions.
They have lived.
The Oguzs who first lived under the rule of
the Göktürks and then the Uyghurs, emigrated
to the west together with the destruction
of the Uighurs by the Kyrgyz.
The most crowded Turkish clan
• Some of the Oghuzes came to the northern
part of the Black Sea, the result of the Kipchaks
and
the Karluks, and settled in the Pechenek area.
• XI.
They came to the Balkans from the second half
of the century.
• Some of the Oghuzes who came to the Balkans
joined the Pechenegs with the Byzantine army
and joined the Battle of Malazgirt, leaving
the Byzantine army and passing by the Seljuks.
• XI.
Towards the end of the century they lost their
political assets.
• Some of them were placed by Byzantine
in the Dobruca region of Romania.
Gagauz are the grandchildren of the Oghuzes
who are placed here.
• The majority of the Oghuzes, consisting
of twenty-four boys, were initially nomadic
and then settled through built-up vigils.
The need for meat of Horasan and MaveraNehir
regions was met by Oghuz.
The Oguzs who lived in the Seyhun Region established
the Oguz Yabgu State.
Towards the end of the Xth century, the Oghuzes,
who accepted Islamic religion, established
the Great Seljuk State, the Seljuk State of
Turkey and then the Ottoman State.
Oghuz word, tribe, means height.
Oghuzes who are Muslims and settled in Anatolia
are called Turkmen.
The oguz who are Christians are called "Uz".
In the Russian sources this tribe is referred
to as Torque.
For the first time Oghuz was mentioned in
Orhun Abideleri.
*Sabiler (Siberians / Sabers)
• They lived in the vicinity of Issyk Lake,
depending on the Asian Hun State.
• VI.
They came to Eastern Europe at the beginning
of the century and joined Sasanians and fought
the Byzantines.
• During the period of Asmem Khan, the Soviets
joined the Gokturk State, then they entered
the Khazars' domination.
• The name of today's Siberia comes from
Sabirler.
• After the European Huns, they became the
second Turkish community to flock to Anatolia.
• The most important rulers are Balak Khan.
• A woman named Boarık was also ruled by
the ruler.
*Kipchak
• They lived in the region between Lake
Balkas and the River of Irtys.
Turkish History Before Islam
They emigrated to eastern Europe with the
printing of Mongolian Karahitaylar in the
late Xth century.
Kuman in Byzantine sources, Khartes in German
sources, and Polovets in Russian sources.
Turkish migrations from Central Asia to Europe
were completed with Kipchaks.
Kipchaks who fought with Russian principals
prevented the Russians from landing in the
Black Sea.
By the agreement with the Byzantine, they
had a heavy blow on the Pecenek.
The Kipchaks who went to Hungary were influential
in the formation of the ethnic structure of
the Hungarians and in the foundation of the
Romanian state.
XIII.
They were withdrawn in the face of the progress
of the Mongols in the 21st century.
Some of the Kipchaks went to Hungary and accepted
Christianity.
The other part was in the service of the Golden
Horde State in the country.
Some of the Kipchaks who lived under the rule
of the Golden Horde State were taken to Egypt
and taken part in the armies of Ayyubid and
Mamluk.
Eyyubîs are the basis of their armies by
raising Kipchak children specially.
Codex Cumanicus
Latin - Kipchak - Persian dictionary.
Genoese and Venetian merchants and missionaries.
Some grammatical rules of Kipchak language,
Indien translations, and some Catholic provinces
have Kipchak translations.
In addition, information on Kipchak culture
was also included.
In the dictionary containing 1,500 Kipchak
words, the Turks share their knowledge of
city life, household items, various dishes,
artistic understandings, handicrafts, . The
dictionary is located in San Marco Library
in Venice.
• Kipchaks, Oguzlarla X. century struggle
was the subject of Dede Korkut Stories.
The fights of the Kipchaks with the Russians
took place in the epic of Igor.
*HUNGARIAN
• They have emerged as a result of the mixing
of the volcanoes living between the Volga
River and Ural Mountains with Onogurlar.
• Hungarians who settled in today's Macedonia
(896) on the grounds of the Avar and Cyber
pressures accepted Christianity as an official
religion by the year 1000.
Ma-carlar is the first community to study
Turkish language and culture.
• The Hungarians protected the Balkan peoples
from Germanization by preventing the Germans
from spreading to the east.
• The first Turkology Institute was opened
in Hungary.
*BULGARIANS
• They came up with the combination of Hun
and Ogur Turks who came to the north of the
Black Sea.
• After the fall of the Göktürks, they
established the Great Bulgarian State under
the rule of Kubrat in the north of the Caucasus.
• Bulgarians are the Turkish community that
surrounds Istanbul for the second time.
• This state was later divided into Ittil
(Volga) and Danube Bulgarian State.
• The Danube Bulgarian State was established
under Asparuh administration (679).
The Danube Bulgarians accepted Christianity
and gave their rulers the title "Tsar".
The first ruler to use this title is Simon.
• The Bulgarians who fought the Byzantine
erupted between the Slavs because they accepted
Christianity during the Boris Khan period.
• The Bulgarian State was initially independent
of the Khazar Khanate, but independent of
the collapse of this state.
• The capital city of Bulgarian city has
become an important trade center.
• The Bulgarians who accepted Islam at the
time of the Al-Khan Khan wanted clergy from
the Abbasids.
• They were destroyed by the Golden Horde
State (1237).
Some researchers consider the Itil Bulgarian
State to be the first Muslim Turkish state.
• Ibn Fadlan travels from Bulgarians.
*AKHUNLAR (EFTALİTLER)
• The Hun Turks, who did not want to enter
the Chinese domination, began to emigrate
from Central Asia.
Some of them are Akhuns who migrated to the
northern part of India.
The Akhuns repressed the Mazdek rebellion
in 480 in Iran.
• Akhunlar, which operates in Kazakhstan,
Afghanistan and Samarkand regions, was demolished
as a result of Göktürk-Sasani association.
*TÜRGİŞLER (TURGES)
• After the collapse of the Göktürk State,
which they lived under their sovereignty,
they gained their independence.
• Baga was founded by Tarkan in Balasagun.
• Baga Tarkan has printed money on his behalf.
• II.
With the establishment of Göktürk State,
the state re-connected to Göktürk was independent
again in 717.
• By preventing the Emevis from spreading
in Central Asia during the Sulu Kagan Period,
they have prevented the Arabanization of the
region and protected the economic interests
of the people.
• The Turgis, who gave great importance
to the trade, were divided into two groups,
namely, the Yellow and the Black Turgis, in
the face of China's partition-management policy,
the Karluks being demolished (766).
• Resident allegations have become the second
Turkish community.
• The rulers used the title "Çor".
*Kimek Clans
• VII.
They lived in Göktürk dominance in the middle
regions of the Irtiş River in the north-west
of Altay Mountains in the 16th century.
• With the fall of the Göktürks VIII.
They were independent in the century.
• XI.
They entered the rule of the Kipchaks in the
15th century.
• In the chickens, the country is divided
into eleven, and the administrators called
"tutug" are assigned to each province.
The directors were determined among the descendants
of the khan.
*Bashkirts
• around the Ural Mountains IV.
They lived in the X-th century, depending
on the various Turkish tribes.
• During the Genghis Khan period they entered
the Mongol domination.
The Bashkirts, who later joined the Golden
Horde and Russia, tried to win their independence.
• The independence uprisings were suppressed
by the Russians.
• In 1872 they were completely dominated
by Russia.
Avarlar, Pechenegs, Cuman have set their sights
on history by organizing the Romanians and
Balkan Turk who have not established a state
in history.
The Turks are examples of organization in
countries like China, Afghanistan, Baluchistan,
India, Russia, Hungary and Bulgaria.
*BEYOND EFFECTS OF TURKISH STATES
All male members of the dynasty in the country
administration have a say
* The division of the binary organization
* Leaving the center to make its own political
organizations
* The pressure and deeds of external powers
(China's divide-and-rule policy)
The negative effect of Kut's authority.
OK.
My friends
OK.
Today it is enough.
Let’s met next video lessons.
Have a nice day.
See you later.
.
