JUAN GONZÁLEZ: It has been six months since
Hurricane Maria battered the island of Puerto
Rico.
It was the most catastrophic storm to hit
the island in over a century.
As many as 200,000 people remain without power
in what’s considered the longest blackout
in U.S. history.
Energy officials say some areas won’t have
power restored until May.
On Tuesday, San Juan Mayor Carmen Yulín Cruz
tweeted, “Six months after Maria things
are not what they should be.
Thousands still w/o electricity due to neglect
and bureaucracy.
Our lives matter!”
The devastating storm has reshaped Puerto
Rico in countless ways.
The official death toll remains at just 64,
but independent counts put the total number
of fatalities at over a thousand.
According to a recent study by the Center
for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College
in New York, more than 135,000 Puerto Ricans
have fled to the U.S. mainland since the storm.
Puerto Rico’s Governor Ricardo Rosselló
is moving to privatize PREPA, one of the largest
public power utilities in the United States.
AMY GOODMAN: The governor is also pushing
for privately run charter schools and private
school vouchers.
On Monday, teachers across Puerto Rico held
a one-day strike to protest the privatization
plan.
Meanwhile, displaced Puerto Ricans protested
Tuesday in Washington, D.C., outside the headquarters
of FEMA, the Federal Emergency Management
Agency.
Well, today we spend the hour looking at the
future of Puerto Rico, which was already facing
a massive economic crisis before the storm
hit six months ago.
We’re joined by two guests.
From Toronto, best-selling author and journalist
Naomi Klein, author of many books, including
The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism.She
has just published a major piece for The Intercept
on the future of Puerto Rico; it’s titled
“The Battle for Paradise: Puerto Ricans
and Ultrarich 'Puertopians' Are Locked in
a Pitched Struggle over How to Remake the
Island.”
And here in New York, Puerto Rican anthropologist
Yarimar Bonilla, who teaches at Rutgers University.
She is founder of the Puerto Rico Syllabus.
We welcome you both to Democracy Now!
Let’s begin with Naomi.
You’ve just returned.
You’ve just written this epic piece.
Explain what you found and what you mean by
your title, “The Battle for Paradise: Puerto
Ricans and Ultrarich 'Puertopians' Are Locked
in a Pitched Struggle over How to Remake the
Island.”
NAOMI KLEIN: Good morning, Amy and Juan and
Yarimar.
It’s great to be with you.
So, what I’m referring to is that in this
moment, when so much attention is focused
on the failures of FEMA, the failures of the
entire relief and reconstruction project—as
it rightly should be, because this is an ongoing
humanitarian emergency—we’re seeing the
strategy that we’ve seen in many other disaster
zones, that we’ve spoken about many times,
which is exploiting that state of shock and
distraction and emergency to push through
a radical corporate agenda.
You referred earlier to the plans to privatize
PREPA, to open up Puerto Rico’s school system
to charter schools and vouchers, at the same
time as radically downsizing and closing 300
schools, on the back of already having closed
more than 340 schools by exploiting the economic
crisis in the past decade.
All in all, we’d be talking about the closing
of half of Puerto Rico’s public schools.
So, a radical downsizing, deregulation and
privatization of the state.
But that isn’t the only thing that’s going
on in Puerto Rico.
There is also a powerful resistance movement,
that was really gaining ground before Maria
hit, that was resisting this illegitimate
debt, this previous shock doctrine strategy
of exploiting the economic crisis to push
these very same policies.
But they aren’t just saying no.
They are also proposing a people’s recovery
process that would rebuild Puerto Rico in
the interest of Puerto Ricans, a very, very
different vision that’s grounded in food
sovereignty, in growing much more of the food
Puerto Ricans eat in Puerto Rico, by small
farmers using agroecological methods; not
privatizing Puerto Rico’s electricity system,
but shifting to a decentralized, community-controlled
model that is based on renewable energy—all
kinds of other deeply democratic changes.
And so, there’s this pitched struggle and
a kind of race against time over whose vision
for the island is going to triumph in this
window.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Well, Naomi, you begin your
piece talking about the town of Adjuntas up
in the mountains of Puerto Rico and also about
one of these grassroots organizations that
even before the storm had already been pioneering
at least electricity generation for their
own center.
Could you talk about that some?
NAOMI KLEIN: Sure, Juan.
I mean, one of the things that I found most
striking when I was reporting in Puerto Rico
was, you know, we heard so much about what
didn’t work.
And almost everything didn’t work.
The food system collapsed.
The energy system completely collapsed and
is still in a state of collapse.
But there were a few things that did work.
And one of the things that worked in the community
that you’re referring to was solar power.
And there was—there is this community center
in Adjuntas which is called Casa Pueblo.
It’s been around for decades.
It’s been at the center of a lot of major
fights in Puerto Rico, against open-pit mining,
against logging, against gas pipelines.
But they’ve also been building their alternatives.
And they’ve had solar panels on their roof
for more than 20 years.
And after Maria wiped out the electricity
grid, it turned out that Casa Pueblo’s solar
panels, rooftop solar panels, survived, survived
the hurricane-force winds, survived the falling
debris.
And so you had this beacon.
Arturo Massol, who is the director of the
board of directors of Casa Pueblo, described
it as an energy oasis.
So, in the midst of this sea of darkness,
you have this community center that has light,
the day after Maria, because their solar panels
survived.
And so, people came there.
It becomes this hub of people-to-people recovery.
They start handing out solar lanterns.
And it becomes this kind of field hospital,
where people plug in their medical devices.
So this is, you know, very intensely practical.
And we saw some similar things happening on
farms, as well.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And, Naomi, this was a town
that was—not only had no electricity and
no water, but was completely cut off from
the rest of the island for quite a while because
of the roads washed out, right?
NAOMI KLEIN: As so many communities were,
you know, outside of San Juan, particularly
in the mountains, where roads were either
obstructed by fallen trees and branches or
by mudslides.
So, yeah, completely cut off.
It’s weeks before they receive any substantial
aid.
AMY GOODMAN: Its founder got the Goldman Prize,
is that right?
The environmental prize in San Francisco.
Him, his son and the community building this
place that became this sunny satellite, just
shocking, given what was around, the darkness
around them.
NAOMI KLEIN: And it’s not the only example
of this that I saw.
I also saw an amazing example of this in the
community of Mariana, in Humacao, where, you
know, as—where an amazing mutual aid center
was constructed, in the failure of FEMA, in
the failure of the state to respond to this
disaster.
So people linked in with the Puerto Rican
diaspora, got their own solar panels installed,
and then this become—you know, while I was
there, I witnessed an elderly man come in,
plug in his oxygen machine, because this was
still—and at this point, it was five months
after Hurricane Maria—the only source of
electricity in the region.
AMY GOODMAN: So, tell us about who the—what
you call the Puertopians are.
NAOMI KLEIN: Well, Yarimar, I think, can talk
about this, as well.
The Puertopians, as some of them call themselves,
are part of this influx of what the Puerto
Rican government refers to as high-net-worth
individuals, who they’ve been trying to
attract as a way, a sort of backwards way,
out of the ongoing economic emergency in Puerto
Rico.
So, in 2012, a couple of laws were passed
to attract very wealthy people to Puerto Rico
by giving them essentially the most favorable
tax system in the world.
And it’s particularly favorable if you happen
to be Americans, because Americans who move
to Puerto Rico are exempted from paying federal
taxes.
But in addition to that, these twin laws,
Act 20 and Act 22, mean that if you relocate
to Puerto Rico for just half the year—so
you can basically just skip winter, which
I’m sure, to New Yorkers, sounds very appealing
just about now—so you spend 183 days in
Puerto Rico, and, in return, you don’t pay
federal taxes.
You don’t pay taxes on dividends.
You don’t pay taxes—capital gains taxes
on interest.
And if you change the address of your financial
services company or your cryptocurrency company,
then you’d pay a 4 percent corporate tax
rate.
So, if you think about what’s just happened
to U.S. tax law, where Trump has offered this
huge tax reduction which brings the corporate
tax rate to 20 percent, Puerto Rico is besting
that with a 4 percent corporate tax rate.
So they’re doing absolutely everything they
can to lure high-net-worth individuals and
these very mobile industries, that basically
can do what they do from wherever they have
access to data.
And so, now there’s a big push to attract
the cryptocurrency market to Puerto Rico.
AMY GOODMAN: Now, we don’t want to get into
cryptocurrency, but if you could just briefly
explain—since you write about cryptocurrency—Bitcoin
and blockchain, just to give people a sense
of what you mean?
NAOMI KLEIN: So, just last week there was
a major conference in San Juan in one of the
luxury hotels, the Vanderbilt Hotel, which
is actually owned by one of these high-net-worth
individuals who moved to Puerto Rico because
of these favorable tax rates.
And so they had this conference, which originally
was called “Puerto Crypto,” and then,
because of concerns about crypto-colonialism,
they renamed themselves “Blockchain Unbound.”
Essentially, what it was is a trade show for
people who see the future of finance in currencies
like Bitcoin.
And they are attracted to Puerto Rico because
it holds out the promise that they can convert
their cryptocurrencies into harder currencies
while paying no taxes whatsoever.
And so, that’s—so it was a combination
of a trade show for cryptocurrencies and a
kind of an advertisement for Puerto Rico put
on by the Department of Economic Development
and Commerce, pitching the island as this
never-ending vacation where you can have this
incredible tax holiday.
And part of the irony of this is that cryptocurrencies
are one of the fastest-growing sources of
greenhouse gas emissions in the world.
It is an incredibly wasteful way to create
money.
It’s the sort of gamification of money.
So, right now, Bitcoin uses as much energy
in the creation of this currency as the state
of Israel uses to—consumes energy.
So this is a huge source of greenhouse gas
emissions.
And here you have Puerto Rico, battered by
climate change and also unable to provide
power to its own people, being—pitching
itself as a hub for the cryptocurrency market.
AMY GOODMAN: We’re speaking to Naomi Klein,
senior correspondent for The Intercept.
Her piece for The Intercept—she’s just
back from Puerto Rico—”The Battle for
Paradise: Puerto Ricans and Ultrarich 'Puertopians'
Are Locked in a Pitched Struggle over How
to Remake the Island.”
When we come back, she’ll be joined by Yarimar
Bonilla, associate professor of anthropology
and Caribbean studies at Rutgers University.
Stay with us.
